Unable to use CostFrugalTuner in AutoML  #6604

Description

@hieu-n

System Information (please complete the following information):

  • OS & Version: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
  • ML.NET Version: 2.0.1
  • .NET Version: 7.0.101

Describe the bug
Trying to SetCostFrugalTuner for an AutoML experiment and got the exception:

Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Object reference not set to an instance of an object.)
---> System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.CostFrugalTuner..ctor(AutoMLExperimentSettings settings, ITrialResultManager trialResultManager)
at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperimentExtension.<>c.<SetCostFrugalTuner>b__9_0(IServiceProvider service)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.Resolve(ServiceCallSite callSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.RunAsync(CancellationToken ct)
--- End of inner exception stack trace ---
at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ThrowIfExceptional(Boolean includeTaskCanceledExceptions)
at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.GetResultCore(Boolean waitCompletionNotification)
at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.Run()
at SampleProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/myhome/SampleProject/Program.cs:line 54 

To Reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior:

  1. Create a new console application with the command dotnet new console -o SampleProject.
  2. Adding ML.Net packages.
  3. Create a simple code to use AutoML to train a binary classification model and SetCostFrugalTuner().
  4. Run and encounter the exception.

Expected behavior
The program should run without exceptions and the model is successfully trained.

Screenshots, Code, Sample Projects
SampleProject.csproj:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
<TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML" Version="2.0.1" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.AutoML" Version="0.20.1" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.LightGbm" Version="2.0.1" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic.Compiler" Version="0.4.2301.301" />
<PackageReference Include="MKL.NET.linux-x64" Version="2022.0.1.117" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>

Program.cs

using Microsoft.ML;
using Microsoft.ML.AutoML;
using Microsoft.ML.Data;
namespace SampleProject;
public class HousingData
{
public float Size { get; set; }
[VectorType(3)]
public float[] HistoricalPrices { get; set; }
public float CurrentPrice { get; set; }
public bool Label { get; set; }
}
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
HousingData[] inMemoryCollection = new HousingData[]
{
new HousingData
{
Size = 700f,
HistoricalPrices = new float[]
{
100000f, 3000000f, 250000f
},
CurrentPrice = 500000f,
Label = true
},
new HousingData
{
Size = 1000f,
HistoricalPrices = new float[]
{
600000f, 400000f, 650000f
},
CurrentPrice = 700000f,
Label = false
}
};
// Create MLContext
MLContext mlContext = new MLContext();
//Load Data
IDataView data = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(inMemoryCollection);
var pipeline = mlContext.Auto().Featurizer(data, excludeColumns: new[]{"Label"}).Append(
mlContext.Auto().BinaryClassification());
var experiment = new MLContext().Auto().CreateExperiment();
experiment.SetPipeline(pipeline).SetTrainingTimeInSeconds(60).SetDataset(data).SetCostFrugalTuner();
experiment.Run();
}
}

Additional context
Add any other context about the problem here.

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      , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Add copy buttons to all
       blocks\n(function() {\n function addCopyButtons() {\n document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {\n if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;\n codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');\n \n var btn = document.createElement('button');\n btn.textContent = 'Copy';\n btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';\n btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };\n btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };\n btn.onclick = function() {\n navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {\n btn.textContent = 'Copied!';\n setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);\n });\n };\n codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';\n codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);\n });\n }\n \n addCopyButtons();\n \n // Re-run on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks");
      }
      } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
      })();
      (function(){
      try {
      var __m = "github.com";
      var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
      
      Skip to content

      Unable to use CostFrugalTuner in AutoML  #6604

      Description

      @hieu-n

      System Information (please complete the following information):

      • OS & Version: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
      • ML.NET Version: 2.0.1
      • .NET Version: 7.0.101

      Describe the bug
      Trying to SetCostFrugalTuner for an AutoML experiment and got the exception:

      Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Object reference not set to an instance of an object.)
      ---> System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
      at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.CostFrugalTuner..ctor(AutoMLExperimentSettings settings, ITrialResultManager trialResultManager)
      at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperimentExtension.<>c.<SetCostFrugalTuner>b__9_0(IServiceProvider service)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.Resolve(ServiceCallSite callSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
      at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
      at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.RunAsync(CancellationToken ct)
      --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
      at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ThrowIfExceptional(Boolean includeTaskCanceledExceptions)
      at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.GetResultCore(Boolean waitCompletionNotification)
      at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.Run()
      at SampleProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/myhome/SampleProject/Program.cs:line 54 

      To Reproduce
      Steps to reproduce the behavior:

      1. Create a new console application with the command dotnet new console -o SampleProject.
      2. Adding ML.Net packages.
      3. Create a simple code to use AutoML to train a binary classification model and SetCostFrugalTuner().
      4. Run and encounter the exception.

      Expected behavior
      The program should run without exceptions and the model is successfully trained.

      Screenshots, Code, Sample Projects
      SampleProject.csproj:

      <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
      <PropertyGroup>
      <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
      <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
      <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
      </PropertyGroup>
      <ItemGroup>
      <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML" Version="2.0.1" />
      <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.AutoML" Version="0.20.1" />
      <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.LightGbm" Version="2.0.1" />
      <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic.Compiler" Version="0.4.2301.301" />
      <PackageReference Include="MKL.NET.linux-x64" Version="2022.0.1.117" />
      </ItemGroup>
      </Project>
      

      Program.cs

      using Microsoft.ML;
      using Microsoft.ML.AutoML;
      using Microsoft.ML.Data;
      namespace SampleProject;
      public class HousingData
      {
      public float Size { get; set; }
      [VectorType(3)]
      public float[] HistoricalPrices { get; set; }
      public float CurrentPrice { get; set; }
      public bool Label { get; set; }
      }
      public class Program
      {
      public static void Main(string[] args)
      {
      HousingData[] inMemoryCollection = new HousingData[]
      {
      new HousingData
      {
      Size = 700f,
      HistoricalPrices = new float[]
      {
      100000f, 3000000f, 250000f
      },
      CurrentPrice = 500000f,
      Label = true
      },
      new HousingData
      {
      Size = 1000f,
      HistoricalPrices = new float[]
      {
      600000f, 400000f, 650000f
      },
      CurrentPrice = 700000f,
      Label = false
      }
      };
      // Create MLContext
      MLContext mlContext = new MLContext();
      //Load Data
      IDataView data = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(inMemoryCollection);
      var pipeline = mlContext.Auto().Featurizer(data, excludeColumns: new[]{"Label"}).Append(
      mlContext.Auto().BinaryClassification());
      var experiment = new MLContext().Auto().CreateExperiment();
      experiment.SetPipeline(pipeline).SetTrainingTimeInSeconds(60).SetDataset(data).SetCostFrugalTuner();
      experiment.Run();
      }
      }
      

      Additional context
      Add any other context about the problem here.

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          , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
          Skip to content

          Unable to use CostFrugalTuner in AutoML  #6604

          Description

          @hieu-n

          System Information (please complete the following information):

          • OS & Version: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
          • ML.NET Version: 2.0.1
          • .NET Version: 7.0.101

          Describe the bug
          Trying to SetCostFrugalTuner for an AutoML experiment and got the exception:

          Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Object reference not set to an instance of an object.)
          ---> System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
          at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.CostFrugalTuner..ctor(AutoMLExperimentSettings settings, ITrialResultManager trialResultManager)
          at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperimentExtension.<>c.<SetCostFrugalTuner>b__9_0(IServiceProvider service)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.Resolve(ServiceCallSite callSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
          at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
          at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.RunAsync(CancellationToken ct)
          --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ThrowIfExceptional(Boolean includeTaskCanceledExceptions)
          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.GetResultCore(Boolean waitCompletionNotification)
          at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.Run()
          at SampleProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/myhome/SampleProject/Program.cs:line 54 

          To Reproduce
          Steps to reproduce the behavior:

          1. Create a new console application with the command dotnet new console -o SampleProject.
          2. Adding ML.Net packages.
          3. Create a simple code to use AutoML to train a binary classification model and SetCostFrugalTuner().
          4. Run and encounter the exception.

          Expected behavior
          The program should run without exceptions and the model is successfully trained.

          Screenshots, Code, Sample Projects
          SampleProject.csproj:

          <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
          <PropertyGroup>
          <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
          <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
          <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
          </PropertyGroup>
          <ItemGroup>
          <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML" Version="2.0.1" />
          <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.AutoML" Version="0.20.1" />
          <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.LightGbm" Version="2.0.1" />
          <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic.Compiler" Version="0.4.2301.301" />
          <PackageReference Include="MKL.NET.linux-x64" Version="2022.0.1.117" />
          </ItemGroup>
          </Project>
          

          Program.cs

          using Microsoft.ML;
          using Microsoft.ML.AutoML;
          using Microsoft.ML.Data;
          namespace SampleProject;
          public class HousingData
          {
          public float Size { get; set; }
          [VectorType(3)]
          public float[] HistoricalPrices { get; set; }
          public float CurrentPrice { get; set; }
          public bool Label { get; set; }
          }
          public class Program
          {
          public static void Main(string[] args)
          {
          HousingData[] inMemoryCollection = new HousingData[]
          {
          new HousingData
          {
          Size = 700f,
          HistoricalPrices = new float[]
          {
          100000f, 3000000f, 250000f
          },
          CurrentPrice = 500000f,
          Label = true
          },
          new HousingData
          {
          Size = 1000f,
          HistoricalPrices = new float[]
          {
          600000f, 400000f, 650000f
          },
          CurrentPrice = 700000f,
          Label = false
          }
          };
          // Create MLContext
          MLContext mlContext = new MLContext();
          //Load Data
          IDataView data = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(inMemoryCollection);
          var pipeline = mlContext.Auto().Featurizer(data, excludeColumns: new[]{"Label"}).Append(
          mlContext.Auto().BinaryClassification());
          var experiment = new MLContext().Auto().CreateExperiment();
          experiment.SetPipeline(pipeline).SetTrainingTimeInSeconds(60).SetDataset(data).SetCostFrugalTuner();
          experiment.Run();
          }
          }
          

          Additional context
          Add any other context about the problem here.

          Metadata

          Metadata

          Assignees

          No one assigned

            Labels

            No labels
            No labels

            Type

            No type

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              No milestone

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              None yet

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              No branches or pull requests

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              , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
              Skip to content

              Unable to use CostFrugalTuner in AutoML  #6604

              Description

              @hieu-n

              System Information (please complete the following information):

              • OS & Version: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
              • ML.NET Version: 2.0.1
              • .NET Version: 7.0.101

              Describe the bug
              Trying to SetCostFrugalTuner for an AutoML experiment and got the exception:

              Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Object reference not set to an instance of an object.)
              ---> System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
              at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.CostFrugalTuner..ctor(AutoMLExperimentSettings settings, ITrialResultManager trialResultManager)
              at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperimentExtension.<>c.<SetCostFrugalTuner>b__9_0(IServiceProvider service)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.Resolve(ServiceCallSite callSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
              at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
              at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.RunAsync(CancellationToken ct)
              --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
              at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ThrowIfExceptional(Boolean includeTaskCanceledExceptions)
              at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.GetResultCore(Boolean waitCompletionNotification)
              at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.Run()
              at SampleProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/myhome/SampleProject/Program.cs:line 54 

              To Reproduce
              Steps to reproduce the behavior:

              1. Create a new console application with the command dotnet new console -o SampleProject.
              2. Adding ML.Net packages.
              3. Create a simple code to use AutoML to train a binary classification model and SetCostFrugalTuner().
              4. Run and encounter the exception.

              Expected behavior
              The program should run without exceptions and the model is successfully trained.

              Screenshots, Code, Sample Projects
              SampleProject.csproj:

              <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
              <PropertyGroup>
              <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
              <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
              <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
              </PropertyGroup>
              <ItemGroup>
              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML" Version="2.0.1" />
              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.AutoML" Version="0.20.1" />
              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.LightGbm" Version="2.0.1" />
              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic.Compiler" Version="0.4.2301.301" />
              <PackageReference Include="MKL.NET.linux-x64" Version="2022.0.1.117" />
              </ItemGroup>
              </Project>
              

              Program.cs

              using Microsoft.ML;
              using Microsoft.ML.AutoML;
              using Microsoft.ML.Data;
              namespace SampleProject;
              public class HousingData
              {
              public float Size { get; set; }
              [VectorType(3)]
              public float[] HistoricalPrices { get; set; }
              public float CurrentPrice { get; set; }
              public bool Label { get; set; }
              }
              public class Program
              {
              public static void Main(string[] args)
              {
              HousingData[] inMemoryCollection = new HousingData[]
              {
              new HousingData
              {
              Size = 700f,
              HistoricalPrices = new float[]
              {
              100000f, 3000000f, 250000f
              },
              CurrentPrice = 500000f,
              Label = true
              },
              new HousingData
              {
              Size = 1000f,
              HistoricalPrices = new float[]
              {
              600000f, 400000f, 650000f
              },
              CurrentPrice = 700000f,
              Label = false
              }
              };
              // Create MLContext
              MLContext mlContext = new MLContext();
              //Load Data
              IDataView data = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(inMemoryCollection);
              var pipeline = mlContext.Auto().Featurizer(data, excludeColumns: new[]{"Label"}).Append(
              mlContext.Auto().BinaryClassification());
              var experiment = new MLContext().Auto().CreateExperiment();
              experiment.SetPipeline(pipeline).SetTrainingTimeInSeconds(60).SetDataset(data).SetCostFrugalTuner();
              experiment.Run();
              }
              }
              

              Additional context
              Add any other context about the problem here.

              Metadata

              Metadata

              Assignees

              No one assigned

                Labels

                No labels
                No labels

                Type

                No type

                Projects

                No projects

                  Milestone

                  No milestone

                  Relationships

                  None yet

                  Development

                  No branches or pull requests

                  Issue actions

                  , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
                  Skip to content

                  Unable to use CostFrugalTuner in AutoML  #6604

                  Description

                  @hieu-n

                  System Information (please complete the following information):

                  • OS & Version: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
                  • ML.NET Version: 2.0.1
                  • .NET Version: 7.0.101

                  Describe the bug
                  Trying to SetCostFrugalTuner for an AutoML experiment and got the exception:

                  Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Object reference not set to an instance of an object.)
                  ---> System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
                  at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.CostFrugalTuner..ctor(AutoMLExperimentSettings settings, ITrialResultManager trialResultManager)
                  at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperimentExtension.<>c.<SetCostFrugalTuner>b__9_0(IServiceProvider service)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.Resolve(ServiceCallSite callSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
                  at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
                  at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
                  at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.RunAsync(CancellationToken ct)
                  --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
                  at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ThrowIfExceptional(Boolean includeTaskCanceledExceptions)
                  at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.GetResultCore(Boolean waitCompletionNotification)
                  at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.Run()
                  at SampleProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/myhome/SampleProject/Program.cs:line 54 

                  To Reproduce
                  Steps to reproduce the behavior:

                  1. Create a new console application with the command dotnet new console -o SampleProject.
                  2. Adding ML.Net packages.
                  3. Create a simple code to use AutoML to train a binary classification model and SetCostFrugalTuner().
                  4. Run and encounter the exception.

                  Expected behavior
                  The program should run without exceptions and the model is successfully trained.

                  Screenshots, Code, Sample Projects
                  SampleProject.csproj:

                  <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
                  <PropertyGroup>
                  <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
                  <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
                  <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
                  </PropertyGroup>
                  <ItemGroup>
                  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML" Version="2.0.1" />
                  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.AutoML" Version="0.20.1" />
                  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.LightGbm" Version="2.0.1" />
                  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic.Compiler" Version="0.4.2301.301" />
                  <PackageReference Include="MKL.NET.linux-x64" Version="2022.0.1.117" />
                  </ItemGroup>
                  </Project>
                  

                  Program.cs

                  using Microsoft.ML;
                  using Microsoft.ML.AutoML;
                  using Microsoft.ML.Data;
                  namespace SampleProject;
                  public class HousingData
                  {
                  public float Size { get; set; }
                  [VectorType(3)]
                  public float[] HistoricalPrices { get; set; }
                  public float CurrentPrice { get; set; }
                  public bool Label { get; set; }
                  }
                  public class Program
                  {
                  public static void Main(string[] args)
                  {
                  HousingData[] inMemoryCollection = new HousingData[]
                  {
                  new HousingData
                  {
                  Size = 700f,
                  HistoricalPrices = new float[]
                  {
                  100000f, 3000000f, 250000f
                  },
                  CurrentPrice = 500000f,
                  Label = true
                  },
                  new HousingData
                  {
                  Size = 1000f,
                  HistoricalPrices = new float[]
                  {
                  600000f, 400000f, 650000f
                  },
                  CurrentPrice = 700000f,
                  Label = false
                  }
                  };
                  // Create MLContext
                  MLContext mlContext = new MLContext();
                  //Load Data
                  IDataView data = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(inMemoryCollection);
                  var pipeline = mlContext.Auto().Featurizer(data, excludeColumns: new[]{"Label"}).Append(
                  mlContext.Auto().BinaryClassification());
                  var experiment = new MLContext().Auto().CreateExperiment();
                  experiment.SetPipeline(pipeline).SetTrainingTimeInSeconds(60).SetDataset(data).SetCostFrugalTuner();
                  experiment.Run();
                  }
                  }
                  

                  Additional context
                  Add any other context about the problem here.

                  Metadata

                  Metadata

                  Assignees

                  No one assigned

                    Labels

                    No labels
                    No labels

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                    No type

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                    No projects

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                      No milestone

                      Relationships

                      None yet

                      Development

                      No branches or pull requests

                      Issue actions

                      , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
                      Skip to content

                      Unable to use CostFrugalTuner in AutoML  #6604

                      Description

                      @hieu-n

                      System Information (please complete the following information):

                      • OS & Version: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
                      • ML.NET Version: 2.0.1
                      • .NET Version: 7.0.101

                      Describe the bug
                      Trying to SetCostFrugalTuner for an AutoML experiment and got the exception:

                      Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Object reference not set to an instance of an object.)
                      ---> System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
                      at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.CostFrugalTuner..ctor(AutoMLExperimentSettings settings, ITrialResultManager trialResultManager)
                      at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperimentExtension.<>c.<SetCostFrugalTuner>b__9_0(IServiceProvider service)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.Resolve(ServiceCallSite callSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
                      at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
                      at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
                      at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.RunAsync(CancellationToken ct)
                      --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
                      at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ThrowIfExceptional(Boolean includeTaskCanceledExceptions)
                      at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.GetResultCore(Boolean waitCompletionNotification)
                      at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.Run()
                      at SampleProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/myhome/SampleProject/Program.cs:line 54 

                      To Reproduce
                      Steps to reproduce the behavior:

                      1. Create a new console application with the command dotnet new console -o SampleProject.
                      2. Adding ML.Net packages.
                      3. Create a simple code to use AutoML to train a binary classification model and SetCostFrugalTuner().
                      4. Run and encounter the exception.

                      Expected behavior
                      The program should run without exceptions and the model is successfully trained.

                      Screenshots, Code, Sample Projects
                      SampleProject.csproj:

                      <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
                      <PropertyGroup>
                      <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
                      <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
                      <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
                      </PropertyGroup>
                      <ItemGroup>
                      <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML" Version="2.0.1" />
                      <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.AutoML" Version="0.20.1" />
                      <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.LightGbm" Version="2.0.1" />
                      <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic.Compiler" Version="0.4.2301.301" />
                      <PackageReference Include="MKL.NET.linux-x64" Version="2022.0.1.117" />
                      </ItemGroup>
                      </Project>
                      

                      Program.cs

                      using Microsoft.ML;
                      using Microsoft.ML.AutoML;
                      using Microsoft.ML.Data;
                      namespace SampleProject;
                      public class HousingData
                      {
                      public float Size { get; set; }
                      [VectorType(3)]
                      public float[] HistoricalPrices { get; set; }
                      public float CurrentPrice { get; set; }
                      public bool Label { get; set; }
                      }
                      public class Program
                      {
                      public static void Main(string[] args)
                      {
                      HousingData[] inMemoryCollection = new HousingData[]
                      {
                      new HousingData
                      {
                      Size = 700f,
                      HistoricalPrices = new float[]
                      {
                      100000f, 3000000f, 250000f
                      },
                      CurrentPrice = 500000f,
                      Label = true
                      },
                      new HousingData
                      {
                      Size = 1000f,
                      HistoricalPrices = new float[]
                      {
                      600000f, 400000f, 650000f
                      },
                      CurrentPrice = 700000f,
                      Label = false
                      }
                      };
                      // Create MLContext
                      MLContext mlContext = new MLContext();
                      //Load Data
                      IDataView data = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(inMemoryCollection);
                      var pipeline = mlContext.Auto().Featurizer(data, excludeColumns: new[]{"Label"}).Append(
                      mlContext.Auto().BinaryClassification());
                      var experiment = new MLContext().Auto().CreateExperiment();
                      experiment.SetPipeline(pipeline).SetTrainingTimeInSeconds(60).SetDataset(data).SetCostFrugalTuner();
                      experiment.Run();
                      }
                      }
                      

                      Additional context
                      Add any other context about the problem here.

                      Metadata

                      Metadata

                      Assignees

                      No one assigned

                        Labels

                        No labels
                        No labels

                        Type

                        No type

                        Projects

                        No projects

                          Milestone

                          No milestone

                          Relationships

                          None yet

                          Development

                          No branches or pull requests

                          Issue actions

                          , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
                          Skip to content

                          Unable to use CostFrugalTuner in AutoML  #6604

                          Description

                          @hieu-n

                          System Information (please complete the following information):

                          • OS & Version: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
                          • ML.NET Version: 2.0.1
                          • .NET Version: 7.0.101

                          Describe the bug
                          Trying to SetCostFrugalTuner for an AutoML experiment and got the exception:

                          Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Object reference not set to an instance of an object.)
                          ---> System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
                          at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.CostFrugalTuner..ctor(AutoMLExperimentSettings settings, ITrialResultManager trialResultManager)
                          at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperimentExtension.<>c.<SetCostFrugalTuner>b__9_0(IServiceProvider service)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.Resolve(ServiceCallSite callSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
                          at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
                          at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
                          at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.RunAsync(CancellationToken ct)
                          --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
                          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ThrowIfExceptional(Boolean includeTaskCanceledExceptions)
                          at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.GetResultCore(Boolean waitCompletionNotification)
                          at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.Run()
                          at SampleProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/myhome/SampleProject/Program.cs:line 54 

                          To Reproduce
                          Steps to reproduce the behavior:

                          1. Create a new console application with the command dotnet new console -o SampleProject.
                          2. Adding ML.Net packages.
                          3. Create a simple code to use AutoML to train a binary classification model and SetCostFrugalTuner().
                          4. Run and encounter the exception.

                          Expected behavior
                          The program should run without exceptions and the model is successfully trained.

                          Screenshots, Code, Sample Projects
                          SampleProject.csproj:

                          <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
                          <PropertyGroup>
                          <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
                          <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
                          <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
                          </PropertyGroup>
                          <ItemGroup>
                          <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML" Version="2.0.1" />
                          <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.AutoML" Version="0.20.1" />
                          <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.LightGbm" Version="2.0.1" />
                          <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic.Compiler" Version="0.4.2301.301" />
                          <PackageReference Include="MKL.NET.linux-x64" Version="2022.0.1.117" />
                          </ItemGroup>
                          </Project>
                          

                          Program.cs

                          using Microsoft.ML;
                          using Microsoft.ML.AutoML;
                          using Microsoft.ML.Data;
                          namespace SampleProject;
                          public class HousingData
                          {
                          public float Size { get; set; }
                          [VectorType(3)]
                          public float[] HistoricalPrices { get; set; }
                          public float CurrentPrice { get; set; }
                          public bool Label { get; set; }
                          }
                          public class Program
                          {
                          public static void Main(string[] args)
                          {
                          HousingData[] inMemoryCollection = new HousingData[]
                          {
                          new HousingData
                          {
                          Size = 700f,
                          HistoricalPrices = new float[]
                          {
                          100000f, 3000000f, 250000f
                          },
                          CurrentPrice = 500000f,
                          Label = true
                          },
                          new HousingData
                          {
                          Size = 1000f,
                          HistoricalPrices = new float[]
                          {
                          600000f, 400000f, 650000f
                          },
                          CurrentPrice = 700000f,
                          Label = false
                          }
                          };
                          // Create MLContext
                          MLContext mlContext = new MLContext();
                          //Load Data
                          IDataView data = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(inMemoryCollection);
                          var pipeline = mlContext.Auto().Featurizer(data, excludeColumns: new[]{"Label"}).Append(
                          mlContext.Auto().BinaryClassification());
                          var experiment = new MLContext().Auto().CreateExperiment();
                          experiment.SetPipeline(pipeline).SetTrainingTimeInSeconds(60).SetDataset(data).SetCostFrugalTuner();
                          experiment.Run();
                          }
                          }
                          

                          Additional context
                          Add any other context about the problem here.

                          Metadata

                          Metadata

                          Assignees

                          No one assigned

                            Labels

                            No labels
                            No labels

                            Type

                            No type

                            Projects

                            No projects

                              Milestone

                              No milestone

                              Relationships

                              None yet

                              Development

                              No branches or pull requests

                              Issue actions

                              , 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })();
                              Skip to content

                              Unable to use CostFrugalTuner in AutoML  #6604

                              Description

                              @hieu-n

                              System Information (please complete the following information):

                              • OS & Version: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
                              • ML.NET Version: 2.0.1
                              • .NET Version: 7.0.101

                              Describe the bug
                              Trying to SetCostFrugalTuner for an AutoML experiment and got the exception:

                              Unhandled exception. System.AggregateException: One or more errors occurred. (Object reference not set to an instance of an object.)
                              ---> System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
                              at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.CostFrugalTuner..ctor(AutoMLExperimentSettings settings, ITrialResultManager trialResultManager)
                              at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperimentExtension.<>c.<SetCostFrugalTuner>b__9_0(IServiceProvider service)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitFactory(FactoryCallSite factoryCallSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSiteMain(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.VisitRootCache(ServiceCallSite callSite, RuntimeResolverContext context)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteVisitor`2.VisitCallSite(ServiceCallSite callSite, TArgument argument)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.CallSiteRuntimeResolver.Resolve(ServiceCallSite callSite, ServiceProviderEngineScope scope)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.CreateServiceAccessor(Type serviceType)
                              at System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary`2.GetOrAdd(TKey key, Func`2 valueFactory)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType, ServiceProviderEngineScope serviceProviderEngineScope)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProvider.GetService(Type serviceType)
                              at Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceProviderServiceExtensions.GetService[T](IServiceProvider provider)
                              at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.RunAsync(CancellationToken ct)
                              --- End of inner exception stack trace ---
                              at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ThrowIfExceptional(Boolean includeTaskCanceledExceptions)
                              at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.GetResultCore(Boolean waitCompletionNotification)
                              at Microsoft.ML.AutoML.AutoMLExperiment.Run()
                              at SampleProject.Program.Main(String[] args) in /home/myhome/SampleProject/Program.cs:line 54 

                              To Reproduce
                              Steps to reproduce the behavior:

                              1. Create a new console application with the command dotnet new console -o SampleProject.
                              2. Adding ML.Net packages.
                              3. Create a simple code to use AutoML to train a binary classification model and SetCostFrugalTuner().
                              4. Run and encounter the exception.

                              Expected behavior
                              The program should run without exceptions and the model is successfully trained.

                              Screenshots, Code, Sample Projects
                              SampleProject.csproj:

                              <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
                              <PropertyGroup>
                              <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
                              <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
                              <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
                              </PropertyGroup>
                              <ItemGroup>
                              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML" Version="2.0.1" />
                              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.AutoML" Version="0.20.1" />
                              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.LightGbm" Version="2.0.1" />
                              <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.ML.Probabilistic.Compiler" Version="0.4.2301.301" />
                              <PackageReference Include="MKL.NET.linux-x64" Version="2022.0.1.117" />
                              </ItemGroup>
                              </Project>
                              

                              Program.cs

                              using Microsoft.ML;
                              using Microsoft.ML.AutoML;
                              using Microsoft.ML.Data;
                              namespace SampleProject;
                              public class HousingData
                              {
                              public float Size { get; set; }
                              [VectorType(3)]
                              public float[] HistoricalPrices { get; set; }
                              public float CurrentPrice { get; set; }
                              public bool Label { get; set; }
                              }
                              public class Program
                              {
                              public static void Main(string[] args)
                              {
                              HousingData[] inMemoryCollection = new HousingData[]
                              {
                              new HousingData
                              {
                              Size = 700f,
                              HistoricalPrices = new float[]
                              {
                              100000f, 3000000f, 250000f
                              },
                              CurrentPrice = 500000f,
                              Label = true
                              },
                              new HousingData
                              {
                              Size = 1000f,
                              HistoricalPrices = new float[]
                              {
                              600000f, 400000f, 650000f
                              },
                              CurrentPrice = 700000f,
                              Label = false
                              }
                              };
                              // Create MLContext
                              MLContext mlContext = new MLContext();
                              //Load Data
                              IDataView data = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(inMemoryCollection);
                              var pipeline = mlContext.Auto().Featurizer(data, excludeColumns: new[]{"Label"}).Append(
                              mlContext.Auto().BinaryClassification());
                              var experiment = new MLContext().Auto().CreateExperiment();
                              experiment.SetPipeline(pipeline).SetTrainingTimeInSeconds(60).SetDataset(data).SetCostFrugalTuner();
                              experiment.Run();
                              }
                              }
                              

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