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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -9,25 +9,32 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
public static class MatrixFactorization
{

// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),

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📝 This is incorrectly indented

nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);

// Train the model.
var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);
Expand All@@ -36,11 +43,15 @@ public static void Example()
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

@sharwellsharwellJul 2, 2019

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📝 This layout is very difficult to read. The following would be preferable:

varpredictions=mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,reuseRowObject:false).Take(5).ToList();


// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

// Expected output:
// Actual value: 0.000, Predicted score: 1.234
Expand All@@ -50,7 +61,10 @@ public static void Example()
// Actual value: 4.000, Predicted score: 2.362

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -60,11 +74,15 @@ public static void Example()
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +92,40 @@ private static List<MatrixElement> GenerateMatrix()
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

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📝 Incorrect line wrapping and indentation


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Empty line. Is it produced by an auto-formatting tool?

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Actually, Zeeshan asked us to do that, so that's what we've been doing as a norm.

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
Expand Down
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@

<#+
string ClassHeader = @"
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href=""https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/"">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.";
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.";
string ClassName="MatrixFactorization";
string ExtraUsing = null;
string Trainer = @"MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string Trainer = @"
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string TrainerOptions = null;

string ExpectedOutputPerInstance= @"// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -23,4 +28,4 @@ string ExpectedOutput = @"// Expected output:
// Mean Squared Error: 0.79
// Root Mean Squared Error: 0.89
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)";
#>
#>
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
<# } #>
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

<# if (TrainerOptions == null) { #>
Expand All@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var options = new <#=TrainerOptions#>;

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(options);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(
options);
<# } #>

// Train the model.
Expand All@@ -45,26 +48,37 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

<#=ExpectedOutputPerInstance#>

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

<#=ExpectedOutput#>
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +88,40 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
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} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
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(function(){
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var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -9,25 +9,32 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
public static class MatrixFactorization
{

// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),

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📝 This is incorrectly indented

nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);

// Train the model.
var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);
Expand All@@ -36,11 +43,15 @@ public static void Example()
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

@sharwellsharwellJul 2, 2019

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📝 This layout is very difficult to read. The following would be preferable:

varpredictions=mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,reuseRowObject:false).Take(5).ToList();


// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

// Expected output:
// Actual value: 0.000, Predicted score: 1.234
Expand All@@ -50,7 +61,10 @@ public static void Example()
// Actual value: 4.000, Predicted score: 2.362

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -60,11 +74,15 @@ public static void Example()
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +92,40 @@ private static List<MatrixElement> GenerateMatrix()
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

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📝 Incorrect line wrapping and indentation


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Empty line. Is it produced by an auto-formatting tool?

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Actually, Zeeshan asked us to do that, so that's what we've been doing as a norm.

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
Expand Down
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@

<#+
string ClassHeader = @"
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href=""https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/"">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.";
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.";
string ClassName="MatrixFactorization";
string ExtraUsing = null;
string Trainer = @"MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string Trainer = @"
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string TrainerOptions = null;

string ExpectedOutputPerInstance= @"// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -23,4 +28,4 @@ string ExpectedOutput = @"// Expected output:
// Mean Squared Error: 0.79
// Root Mean Squared Error: 0.89
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)";
#>
#>
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
<# } #>
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

<# if (TrainerOptions == null) { #>
Expand All@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var options = new <#=TrainerOptions#>;

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(options);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(
options);
<# } #>

// Train the model.
Expand All@@ -45,26 +48,37 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

<#=ExpectedOutputPerInstance#>

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

<#=ExpectedOutput#>
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +88,40 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -9,25 +9,32 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
public static class MatrixFactorization
{

// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),

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📝 This is incorrectly indented

nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);

// Train the model.
var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);
Expand All@@ -36,11 +43,15 @@ public static void Example()
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

@sharwellsharwellJul 2, 2019

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📝 This layout is very difficult to read. The following would be preferable:

varpredictions=mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,reuseRowObject:false).Take(5).ToList();


// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

// Expected output:
// Actual value: 0.000, Predicted score: 1.234
Expand All@@ -50,7 +61,10 @@ public static void Example()
// Actual value: 4.000, Predicted score: 2.362

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -60,11 +74,15 @@ public static void Example()
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +92,40 @@ private static List<MatrixElement> GenerateMatrix()
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

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📝 Incorrect line wrapping and indentation


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Empty line. Is it produced by an auto-formatting tool?

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Actually, Zeeshan asked us to do that, so that's what we've been doing as a norm.

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
Expand Down
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@

<#+
string ClassHeader = @"
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href=""https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/"">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.";
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.";
string ClassName="MatrixFactorization";
string ExtraUsing = null;
string Trainer = @"MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string Trainer = @"
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string TrainerOptions = null;

string ExpectedOutputPerInstance= @"// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -23,4 +28,4 @@ string ExpectedOutput = @"// Expected output:
// Mean Squared Error: 0.79
// Root Mean Squared Error: 0.89
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)";
#>
#>
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
<# } #>
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

<# if (TrainerOptions == null) { #>
Expand All@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var options = new <#=TrainerOptions#>;

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(options);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(
options);
<# } #>

// Train the model.
Expand All@@ -45,26 +48,37 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

<#=ExpectedOutputPerInstance#>

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

<#=ExpectedOutput#>
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +88,40 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -9,25 +9,32 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
public static class MatrixFactorization
{

// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),

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📝 This is incorrectly indented

nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);

// Train the model.
var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);
Expand All@@ -36,11 +43,15 @@ public static void Example()
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

@sharwellsharwellJul 2, 2019

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📝 This layout is very difficult to read. The following would be preferable:

varpredictions=mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,reuseRowObject:false).Take(5).ToList();


// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

// Expected output:
// Actual value: 0.000, Predicted score: 1.234
Expand All@@ -50,7 +61,10 @@ public static void Example()
// Actual value: 4.000, Predicted score: 2.362

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -60,11 +74,15 @@ public static void Example()
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +92,40 @@ private static List<MatrixElement> GenerateMatrix()
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

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📝 Incorrect line wrapping and indentation


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Empty line. Is it produced by an auto-formatting tool?

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Actually, Zeeshan asked us to do that, so that's what we've been doing as a norm.

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
Expand Down
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@

<#+
string ClassHeader = @"
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href=""https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/"">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.";
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.";
string ClassName="MatrixFactorization";
string ExtraUsing = null;
string Trainer = @"MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string Trainer = @"
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string TrainerOptions = null;

string ExpectedOutputPerInstance= @"// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -23,4 +28,4 @@ string ExpectedOutput = @"// Expected output:
// Mean Squared Error: 0.79
// Root Mean Squared Error: 0.89
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)";
#>
#>
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
<# } #>
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

<# if (TrainerOptions == null) { #>
Expand All@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var options = new <#=TrainerOptions#>;

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(options);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(
options);
<# } #>

// Train the model.
Expand All@@ -45,26 +48,37 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

<#=ExpectedOutputPerInstance#>

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

<#=ExpectedOutput#>
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +88,40 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -9,25 +9,32 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
public static class MatrixFactorization
{

// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),

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📝 This is incorrectly indented

nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);

// Train the model.
var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);
Expand All@@ -36,11 +43,15 @@ public static void Example()
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

@sharwellsharwellJul 2, 2019

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📝 This layout is very difficult to read. The following would be preferable:

varpredictions=mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,reuseRowObject:false).Take(5).ToList();


// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

// Expected output:
// Actual value: 0.000, Predicted score: 1.234
Expand All@@ -50,7 +61,10 @@ public static void Example()
// Actual value: 4.000, Predicted score: 2.362

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -60,11 +74,15 @@ public static void Example()
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +92,40 @@ private static List<MatrixElement> GenerateMatrix()
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

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📝 Incorrect line wrapping and indentation


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Empty line. Is it produced by an auto-formatting tool?

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Actually, Zeeshan asked us to do that, so that's what we've been doing as a norm.

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
Expand Down
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@

<#+
string ClassHeader = @"
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href=""https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/"">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.";
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.";
string ClassName="MatrixFactorization";
string ExtraUsing = null;
string Trainer = @"MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string Trainer = @"
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string TrainerOptions = null;

string ExpectedOutputPerInstance= @"// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -23,4 +28,4 @@ string ExpectedOutput = @"// Expected output:
// Mean Squared Error: 0.79
// Root Mean Squared Error: 0.89
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)";
#>
#>
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
<# } #>
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

<# if (TrainerOptions == null) { #>
Expand All@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var options = new <#=TrainerOptions#>;

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(options);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(
options);
<# } #>

// Train the model.
Expand All@@ -45,26 +48,37 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

<#=ExpectedOutputPerInstance#>

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

<#=ExpectedOutput#>
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +88,40 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -9,25 +9,32 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
public static class MatrixFactorization
{

// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),

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📝 This is incorrectly indented

nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);

// Train the model.
var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);
Expand All@@ -36,11 +43,15 @@ public static void Example()
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

@sharwellsharwellJul 2, 2019

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📝 This layout is very difficult to read. The following would be preferable:

varpredictions=mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,reuseRowObject:false).Take(5).ToList();


// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

// Expected output:
// Actual value: 0.000, Predicted score: 1.234
Expand All@@ -50,7 +61,10 @@ public static void Example()
// Actual value: 4.000, Predicted score: 2.362

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -60,11 +74,15 @@ public static void Example()
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +92,40 @@ private static List<MatrixElement> GenerateMatrix()
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

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📝 Incorrect line wrapping and indentation


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Empty line. Is it produced by an auto-formatting tool?

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Actually, Zeeshan asked us to do that, so that's what we've been doing as a norm.

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
Expand Down
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@

<#+
string ClassHeader = @"
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href=""https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/"">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.";
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.";
string ClassName="MatrixFactorization";
string ExtraUsing = null;
string Trainer = @"MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string Trainer = @"
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string TrainerOptions = null;

string ExpectedOutputPerInstance= @"// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -23,4 +28,4 @@ string ExpectedOutput = @"// Expected output:
// Mean Squared Error: 0.79
// Root Mean Squared Error: 0.89
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)";
#>
#>
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
<# } #>
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

<# if (TrainerOptions == null) { #>
Expand All@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var options = new <#=TrainerOptions#>;

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(options);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(
options);
<# } #>

// Train the model.
Expand All@@ -45,26 +48,37 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

<#=ExpectedOutputPerInstance#>

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

<#=ExpectedOutput#>
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +88,40 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -9,25 +9,32 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
public static class MatrixFactorization
{

// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),

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📝 This is incorrectly indented

nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);

// Train the model.
var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);
Expand All@@ -36,11 +43,15 @@ public static void Example()
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

@sharwellsharwellJul 2, 2019

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📝 This layout is very difficult to read. The following would be preferable:

varpredictions=mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,reuseRowObject:false).Take(5).ToList();


// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

// Expected output:
// Actual value: 0.000, Predicted score: 1.234
Expand All@@ -50,7 +61,10 @@ public static void Example()
// Actual value: 4.000, Predicted score: 2.362

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -60,11 +74,15 @@ public static void Example()
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +92,40 @@ private static List<MatrixElement> GenerateMatrix()
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

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📝 Incorrect line wrapping and indentation


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Empty line. Is it produced by an auto-formatting tool?

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Actually, Zeeshan asked us to do that, so that's what we've been doing as a norm.

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
Expand Down
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@

<#+
string ClassHeader = @"
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href=""https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/"">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.";
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.";
string ClassName="MatrixFactorization";
string ExtraUsing = null;
string Trainer = @"MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string Trainer = @"
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string TrainerOptions = null;

string ExpectedOutputPerInstance= @"// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -23,4 +28,4 @@ string ExpectedOutput = @"// Expected output:
// Mean Squared Error: 0.79
// Root Mean Squared Error: 0.89
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)";
#>
#>
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
<# } #>
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

<# if (TrainerOptions == null) { #>
Expand All@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var options = new <#=TrainerOptions#>;

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(options);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(
options);
<# } #>

// Train the model.
Expand All@@ -45,26 +48,37 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

<#=ExpectedOutputPerInstance#>

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

<#=ExpectedOutput#>
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +88,40 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -9,25 +9,32 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
public static class MatrixFactorization
{

// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),

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📝 This is incorrectly indented

nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1);

// Train the model.
var model = pipeline.Fit(trainingData);
Expand All@@ -36,11 +43,15 @@ public static void Example()
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

@sharwellsharwellJul 2, 2019

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📝 This layout is very difficult to read. The following would be preferable:

varpredictions=mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,reuseRowObject:false).Take(5).ToList();


// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

// Expected output:
// Actual value: 0.000, Predicted score: 1.234
Expand All@@ -50,7 +61,10 @@ public static void Example()
// Actual value: 4.000, Predicted score: 2.362

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -60,11 +74,15 @@ public static void Example()
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +92,40 @@ private static List<MatrixElement> GenerateMatrix()
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

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📝 Incorrect line wrapping and indentation


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Empty line. Is it produced by an auto-formatting tool?

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Actually, Zeeshan asked us to do that, so that's what we've been doing as a norm.

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
Expand Down
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@

<#+
string ClassHeader = @"
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package <a href=""https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/"">Microsoft.ML.Recommender</a>.
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality metrics are reported.";
// This example requires installation of additional nuget package at
// for Microsoft.ML.Recommender at
// https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.ML.Recommender/
// In this example we will create in-memory data and then use it to train
// a matrix factorization model with default parameters. Afterward, quality
// metrics are reported.";
string ClassName="MatrixFactorization";
string ExtraUsing = null;
string Trainer = @"MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value), nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string Trainer = @"
MatrixFactorization(nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixColumnIndex),
nameof(MatrixElement.MatrixRowIndex), 10, 0.2, 1)";
string TrainerOptions = null;

string ExpectedOutputPerInstance= @"// Expected output:
Expand All@@ -23,4 +28,4 @@ string ExpectedOutput = @"// Expected output:
// Mean Squared Error: 0.79
// Root Mean Squared Error: 0.89
// RSquared: 0.61 (closer to 1 is better. The worest case is 0)";
#>
#>
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
Expand Up@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
<# } #>
public static void Example()
{
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for exception tracking and logging,
// as a catalog of available operations and as the source of randomness.
// Setting the seed to a fixed number in this example to make outputs deterministic.
// Create a new context for ML.NET operations. It can be used for
// exception tracking and logging, as a catalog of available operations
// and as the source of randomness. Setting the seed to a fixed number
// in this example to make outputs deterministic.
var mlContext = new MLContext(seed: 0);

// Create a list of training data points.
var dataPoints = GenerateMatrix();

// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is consumable by ML.NET API.
// Convert the list of data points to an IDataView object, which is
// consumable by ML.NET API.
var trainingData = mlContext.Data.LoadFromEnumerable(dataPoints);

<# if (TrainerOptions == null) { #>
Expand All@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var options = new <#=TrainerOptions#>;

// Define the trainer.
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(options);
var pipeline = mlContext.Recommendation().Trainers.<#=Trainer#>(
options);
<# } #>

// Train the model.
Expand All@@ -45,26 +48,37 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var transformedData = model.Transform(trainingData);

// Convert IDataView object to a list.
var predictions = mlContext.Data.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData, reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();
var predictions = mlContext.Data
.CreateEnumerable<MatrixElement>(transformedData,
reuseRowObject: false).Take(5).ToList();

// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual Label for comparison.
// Look at 5 predictions for the Label, side by side with the actual
// Label for comparison.
foreach (var p in predictions)
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}, Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");
Console.WriteLine($"Actual value: {p.Value:F3}," +
$"Predicted score: {p.Score:F3}");

<#=ExpectedOutputPerInstance#>

// Evaluate the overall metrics
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData, labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value), scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));
var metrics = mlContext.Regression.Evaluate(transformedData,
labelColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Value),
scoreColumnName: nameof(MatrixElement.Score));

PrintMetrics(metrics);

<#=ExpectedOutput#>
}

// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount.
// Because in ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0
// and MatrixRowIndex=0 in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in the training matrix). If user's row index
// starts with 1, their row index 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their first row may contain no values.
// This behavior is also true to column index.
// The following variables are used to define the shape of the example
// matrix. Its shape is MatrixRowCount-by-MatrixColumnCount. Because in
// ML.NET key type's minimal value is zero, the first row index is always
// zero in C# data structure (e.g., MatrixColumnIndex=0 and MatrixRowIndex=0
// in MatrixElement below specifies the value at the upper-left corner in
// the training matrix). If user's row index starts with 1, their row index
// 1 would be mapped to the 2nd row in matrix factorization module and their
// first row may contain no values. This behavior is also true to column
// index.
private const uint MatrixColumnCount = 60;
private const uint MatrixRowCount = 100;

Expand All@@ -74,32 +88,40 @@ namespace Samples.Dynamic.Trainers.Recommendation
var dataMatrix = new List<MatrixElement>();
for (uint i = 0; i < MatrixColumnCount; ++i)
for (uint j = 0; j < MatrixRowCount; ++j)
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i, MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });
dataMatrix.Add(new MatrixElement() { MatrixColumnIndex = i,
MatrixRowIndex = j, Value = (i + j) % 5 });

return dataMatrix;
}

// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction result.
// A class used to define a matrix element and capture its prediction
// result.
private class MatrixElement
{
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixColumnCount - 1.
// Matrix column index. Its allowed range is from 0 to
// MatrixColumnCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixColumnCount)]
public uint MatrixColumnIndex { get; set; }
// Matrix row index. Its allowed range is from 0 to MatrixRowCount - 1.
[KeyType(MatrixRowCount)]
public uint MatrixRowIndex { get; set; }
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The actual value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Value { get; set; }
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the MatrixRowIndex-th row.
// The predicted value at the MatrixColumnIndex-th column and the
// MatrixRowIndex-th row.
public float Score { get; set; }
}

// Print some evaluation metrics to regression problems.
private static void PrintMetrics(RegressionMetrics metrics)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Absolute Error: {metrics.MeanAbsoluteError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Mean Squared Error: {metrics.MeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Root Mean Squared Error: {metrics.RootMeanSquaredError:F2}");
Console.WriteLine($"RSquared: {metrics.RSquared:F2}");
Console.WriteLine("Mean Absolute Error: " + metrics.MeanAbsoluteError);
Console.WriteLine("Mean Squared Error: " + metrics.MeanSquaredError);
Console.WriteLine("Root Mean Squared Error: " +
metrics.RootMeanSquaredError);

Console.WriteLine("RSquared: " + metrics.RSquared);
}
}
}
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