GitHub Actions: Add Python 3.14 to test matrix

[cclauss]

UPDATE: Python 3.14 (the π version) was released today.
https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140/
https://github.com/actions/python-versions/releases

- python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]+ python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]

• Tests hang in Python 3.14.0rc1 #3616
• #3644

Summary

Why are 1,418 pytests collected on Python 3.14rc2, but none of them run?

All dependencies are up to date! All other reasonable Python versions pass as expected in about 1 minute.

Read the second comment to see that some tests can pass, but many others go into an infinite loop!

While the tests are not starting, let's temporarily save resources by adding timeout-minutes: 10.

 - name: "Run tests"
run: "scripts/test"
+ timeout-minutes: 10 # TODO(@cclauss): Remove once Python 3.14 tests are passing.

Checklist

• I understand that this PR may be closed in case there was no previous discussion. (This doesn't apply to typos!)
• I've added a test for each change that was introduced, and I tried as much as possible to make a single atomic change.
• I've updated the documentation accordingly.

@hugovk Any ideas why pytest fails to execute any tests on Python 3.14rc3?

[cclauss]

Ignoring 9 test files passes on Python 3.14rc2.

uv run pytest \
--ignore=tests/client/test_async_client.py \
--ignore=tests/client/test_client.py \
--ignore=tests/client/test_event_hooks.py \
--ignore=tests/test_api.py \
--ignore=tests/test_config.py \
--ignore=tests/test_exceptions.py \
--ignore=tests/test_main.py \
--ignore=tests/test_timeouts.py \
--ignore=tests/test_utils.py
========== test session starts ==========
platform darwin -- Python 3.14.0rc2, pytest-8.4.1, pluggy-1.6.0
rootdir: /Users/cclauss/Python/itinerant_futurizer/httpx
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: anyio-4.10.0
collected 1218 items
tests/client/test_auth.py ........................................................................s....... [ 6%]
tests/client/test_cookies.py ....... [ 7%]
tests/client/test_headers.py ................. [ 8%]
tests/client/test_properties.py ........ [ 9%]
tests/client/test_proxies.py ..................................................................... [ 14%]
tests/client/test_queryparams.py ... [ 15%]
tests/client/test_redirects.py ............................... [ 17%]
tests/models/test_cookies.py ....... [ 18%]
tests/models/test_headers.py ........................... [ 20%]
tests/models/test_queryparams.py .............. [ 21%]
tests/models/test_requests.py ........................ [ 23%]
tests/models/test_responses.py .......................................................................................................... [ 32%]
tests/models/test_url.py .......................................................................................... [ 39%]
tests/models/test_whatwg.py ........................................................................................................................ [ 49%]
.................................................................................................................................................... [ 61%]
.................................................................................................................................................... [ 73%]
................................................................................................................................................... [ 85%]
tests/test_asgi.py ........................ [ 87%]
tests/test_auth.py ........ [ 88%]
tests/test_content.py ........................................... [ 92%]
tests/test_decoders.py ........................................ [ 95%]
tests/test_exported_members.py . [ 95%]
tests/test_multipart.py ...................................... [ 98%]
tests/test_status_codes.py ...... [ 99%]
tests/test_wsgi.py ............ [100%]
========== short test summary info ==========
SKIPPED [1] tests/client/test_auth.py:273: netrc files without a password are valid from Python >= 3.11
========== 1217 passed, 1 skipped in 6.63s ==========

[hugovk]

Try bumping cryptography from 45.0.7 to latest 46.0.2, which has wheels for 3.14?

• https://pypi.org/project/cryptography/45.0.7/#files
• https://pypi.org/project/cryptography/46.0.2/#files

[cclauss]

OK... Upgraded cryptography==46.0.2 but we still have the original problem...

Why are 1,418 pytests collected on Python 3.14rc2, but none of them run?

[hugovk]

The 3.14 job did collect 1418 items:

collected 1418 items
Error: The operation was canceled.

https://github.com/encode/httpx/actions/runs/18341635177/job/52238338891?pr=3645

But was cancelled because the 3.14t job is failing:

ImportError while loading conftest '/home/runner/work/httpx/httpx/tests/conftest.py'.
tests/conftest.py:20: in <module>
import httpx
httpx/__init__.py:2: in <module>
from ._api import *
httpx/_api.py:6: in <module>
from ._client import Client
httpx/_client.py:13: in <module>
from ._auth import Auth, BasicAuth, FunctionAuth
httpx/_auth.py:12: in <module>
from ._models import Cookies, Request, Response
httpx/_models.py:14: in <module>
from ._decoders import (
httpx/_decoders.py:19: in <module>
import brotli
/opt/hostedtoolcache/Python/3.14.0/x64-freethreaded/lib/python3.14t/site-packages/brotli.py:8: in <module>
import _brotli
E RuntimeWarning: The global interpreter lock (GIL) has been enabled to load module '_brotli', which has not declared that it can run safely without the GIL. To override this behavior and keep the GIL disabled (at your own risk), run with PYTHON_GIL=0 or -Xgil=0.
Error: Process completed with exit code 4.

https://github.com/encode/httpx/actions/runs/18341635177/job/52238338857?pr=3645

You could add fail-fast: false to allow 3.14 to continue despite the 3.14t failure.

And brotli free-threading support will be coming in a future version: google/brotli#1241

In the meantime, you could leave out 3.14t here. In any case, it would make sense to set PYTHON_GIL=0 to make sure that job really is testing free-threading and not regular GIL (see https://hugovk.dev/blog/2025/free-threaded-python-on-github-actions/#python_gil0).

[cclauss]

Py3.14t dropped. Py314 hung in pytest...

[cclauss]

After reading #3616, perhaps scripts/install is not a good idea.

• Tests hang in Python 3.14.0rc1 #3616

Update: Nope, that did not change the hanging pytests.

[cclauss]

The pytest blockage was caused by one of the other dependency upgrades in:

• Bump the python-packages group with 8 updates #3678

[ilovelinux]

Why is this test marked as xfail?

[cclauss]

Because it fails. That is what xfail means.

[ilovelinux]

Then it should fail, not being tolerated. Unless there's a valid rationale to mark as xfail

[lovelydinosaur]

You've marked this as "Fix trio on Python >= 3.14"...

• Can you confirm that you've observed this test hanging on trio and not on asyncio?
• Is there a relevant issue for this against trio?

[cclauss]

• Yes. (Is there a way to write the xfail to only pertain to trio?) -- asyncio passes.
• I will create one.

[cclauss]

• #3686

[mirthebeijers]

Hi 👋 see my try at #3693

[cclauss]

Closing in favor of

• Fix tests for Python 3.14 #3722