Reland "Make Xcode workspace cleaning optional during flutter clean"

[okorohelijah]

The original PR skipped cleaning Xcode's DerivedData Clang module cache by default. This caused the plugin_lint_mac test to fail because the test dynamically toggles use_frameworks! off and expects a clean slate. Since DerivedData wasn't wiped, Xcode's cached index expected the previously generated .framework/Modules/module.modulemap to exist in build/ (which flutter clean had just deleted), resulting in a module map file not found build failure. To fix this, the --include-xcode-workspace flag is now added to the test. Since toggling use_frameworks! isn't a general use case , there is now an actionable error to gracefully guide developers to run flutter clean --include-xcode-workspace if they hit this cache corruption.

List which issues are fixed by this PR. You must list at least one issue. An issue is not required if the PR fixes something trivial like a typo.
Fixes#183946, #173940 and #127708 too

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Code Review

This pull request introduces a new --include-xcode-workspace flag to the flutter clean command, ensuring Xcode workspaces are only cleaned when explicitly requested. It updates command-line options, error diagnostic messages, and tests accordingly. Feedback highlights a potential runtime ArgumentError caused by checking the unregistered scheme option in clean.dart, and identifies redundant calls to _parseMissingModule in mac.dart.