fix: remove usage of typing_extensions where possible

[parthea]

Fixes#17244

[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request attempts to simplify type hinting imports by replacing conditional imports from typing_extensions with direct imports from typing and types (such as TypeGuard, Self, ParamSpec, TypeAlias, Concatenate, and UnionType). However, because several of the modified packages still support Python 3.8 or 3.9, these direct imports will cause runtime ImportErrors or type-checking failures on older Python versions. The feedback recommends restoring the conditional imports based on sys.version_info to preserve backward compatibility.