fix(args): reject invalid integer values

[Whxuan0701]

Description

Keep numeric argument coercion aligned with the declared argument type:

• reject fractional values for int arguments instead of passing them to adapters
• reject Infinity and -Infinity for both int and number arguments
• preserve the existing coercion behavior for finite numeric values

Related issue: N/A (independently identified)

Type of Change

• 🐛 Bug fix
• ✨ New feature
• 🌐 New site adapter
• 📝 Documentation
• ♻️ Refactor
• 🔧 CI / build / tooling

Checklist

• I ran the checks relevant to this PR
• I updated tests or docs if needed
• I included output or screenshots when useful

Documentation (if adding/modifying an adapter)

• Added doc page under docs/adapters/ (if new adapter)
• Updated docs/adapters/index.md table (if new adapter)
• Updated sidebar in docs/.vitepress/config.mts (if new adapter)
• Updated README.md / README.zh-CN.md when command discoverability changed
• Used positional args for the command primary subject unless a named flag is clearly better
• Normalized expected adapter failures to CliError subclasses instead of raw Error

Screenshots / Output

npm run typecheck
> tsc --noEmit

npm run build
✅ Manifest compiled: 1331 entries

npm test
Test Files  590 passed (590)
Tests       6740 passed | 1 skipped (6741)

Risks / Known Gaps

This intentionally tightens validation for values that cannot satisfy the declared numeric type. Adapters that previously accepted fractional int values will now receive an ArgumentError before execution.