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leanVM-b

leanVM-b

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Warning: highly experimental.

Benchmarks

Machine: Mac M4 Max

XMSS aggregation

cargo run --release -- xmss --n-signatures 890 --log-inv-rate 1 --repeat 3
XMSS aggregation, 890 signatures
cycles (VM steps) : 1,513,580 = 2^20.53 (1,700.652 / XMSS)
details : DEREF 2^18.956 (33.6%) SET 2^18.383 (22.6%) MUL 2^18.16 (19.3%) BLAKE3 2^16.989 (8.6%) XOR 2^16.937 (8.3%) JUMP 2^16.809 (7.6%) MEMORY 2^21.701 TOTAL_COMMITTED 2^26.364
proof size : 359.6 KiB
proving : 1.262 s ± 5.4% 705.247 XMSS/s peak memory 21.288 GiB
verifying : 0.00314 s

Recursion

cargo run --release -- recursion --n 2 --log-inv-rate 2 --repeat 3
recursion 2→1: 2 inner proofs of 1,472,224 cycles each
guest cycles (VM steps) : 832,542 = 2^19.667 (0.283 / inner cycle)
details : DEREF 2^18.109 (33.9%) MUL 2^17.965 (30.7%) XOR 2^17.562 (23.2%) SET 2^15.63 (6.1%) PACK64X2 2^14.455 (2.7%) BLAKE3 2^14.145 (2.2%) JUMP 2^13.183 (1.1%) MEMORY 2^19.991 TOTAL_COMMITTED 2^25.155
proof size : 233.0 KiB
recursion proving : 0.826 s ± 7.7% peak memory 14.574 GiB
verification : 0.0281 s

Fibonacci

cargo run --release -- fibonacci --n 2000000 --log-inv-rate 1 --repeat 3
Fibonacci (in the exponent, i.e. modulo 2^64 - 1), N = 2,000,000
cycles (VM steps) : 2,034,017
details : MUL 2^20.937 (98.7%) DEREF 2^13.967 (0.8%) SET 2^12.552 (0.3%) JUMP 2^10.968 (0.1%) XOR 2^10.966 (0.1%) MEMORY 2^20.964 TOTAL_COMMITTED 2^25.658
proof size : 336.4 KiB
proving : 0.647 s ± 4.9% 3,142,652 cycles/s peak memory 11.52 GiB
verifying : 0.0023 s

Security

  • 128-bit (LDR Johnson, no proximity gaps conjecture)

Snark machinery

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