inference strangeness - 3

[zpdDG4gta8XKpMCd]

Overheard conversation on the street:

Q: Can I assign an array literal to a tuple in TypeScript?
A: Yes, sometimes you can.

let value : [string, string];
value = ['hey', 'nay']; // <-- works, an array literal can be assigned to a tuple 

function fold<a, r>(values: a[], result: r, fold: (result: r, value: a) => r) : r {
 for (let value of values) {
 result = fold(result, value);
 }
 return result;
}

function append<a>(values: a[], value: a) : a[] {
 values.push(value);
 return values;
}


fold(
 [1, 2, 3],
 <[string, string][]>[],
 (result, value) => append( // <-- doesn't work, an array literal is not assignable to tuple 
 result,
 ['', '']
 )
);

[DanielRosenwasser]

Just to make sure, you meant value where you last wrote values right?

Sorry, when you wrote values, did you mean result?

[zpdDG4gta8XKpMCd]

I did. Good catch. Fixed.

[DanielRosenwasser]

Okay, so here's what's happening, cutting to the important parts.

1. fold infers its r as a [string, string] thanks to the type assertion.
2. result gets inferred the type [string, string] as expected, due to contextual typing.
3. append now needs to infer its type arguments. Its candidates are:
   • [string, string] from the type of result
   • string[] from the type of ['', '']. this is where things go wrong
4. Between its two candidates, we choose the type that is the more general of the two. This is string[].

So given the one-at-a-time directionality of each inference process (type argument inference and contextual typing), I'm not sure how this could be modeled appropriately.

[zpdDG4gta8XKpMCd]

Glad we found a corner case.

[DanielRosenwasser]

Hey, guess what - thanks to Anders Hejlsberg (@ahejlsberg)'s current work on allowing type parameters to extend each other (#5949), you should be able to do this in TypeScript 1.8! You'll just need to write append as follows:

function append<a, b extends a>(values: a[], value: b): a[] {
 values.push(value);
 return values;
}

Here's the full example:

let value: [string, string];
value = ['hey', 'nay']; // <-- works, an array literal can be assigned to a tuple 

function fold<a, r>(values: a[], result: r, fold: (result: r, value: a) => r): r {
 for (let value of values) {
 result = fold(result, value);
 }
 return result;
}

function append<a, b extends a>(values: a[], value: b): a[] {
 values.push(value);
 return values;
}


fold(
 [1, 2, 3],
 [] as [string, string][],
 (result, value) => append(
 result,
 ['', '']
 )
);

[DanielRosenwasser]

So while I'm marking this as by design, you should have a (more correct) workaround.

[zpdDG4gta8XKpMCd]

looks like working, the language service in VS doesn't complain about, however I cannot verify 100% because of the --declaration argument problem that I reported: #5949 (comment)

will be waiting for that branch to be merged and available in nightly builds

thanks!