url: improve urlpattern regexp performance

[anonrig]

Thanks to @erikcorry's recommendation, we can speed up regexp performance of URLPattern

Benchmarks show no improvement, but I believe that is due to our lack of proper benchmark cases. (we don't have any benchmarks that use *)

Benchmark CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/view/Node.js%20benchmark/job/benchmark-node-micro-benchmarks/1658

confidence improvement accuracy (*) (**) (***)
url/urlpattern-parse.js n=100000 pattern='"[https://(sub.)?example(.com/)foo](https://(sub.)/?example(.com/)foo)"' -0.34 % ±0.57% ±0.76% ±1.01%
url/urlpattern-parse.js n=100000 pattern='{"hostname":"xn--caf-dma.com"}' * -0.50 % ±0.48% ±0.64% ±0.84%
url/urlpattern-parse.js n=100000 pattern='{"pathname":"/([[a-z]--a])"}' -0.31 % ±0.34% ±0.45% ±0.59%
url/urlpattern-parse.js n=100000 pattern='{"pathname":"/foo","search":"bar","hash":"baz","baseURL":"https://example.com:8080/"}' -0.07 % ±0.34% ±0.46% ±0.59%
url/urlpattern-test.js n=100000 pattern='"[https://(sub.)?example(.com/)foo](https://(sub.)/?example(.com/)foo)"' * 0.72 % ±0.63% ±0.84% ±1.10%
url/urlpattern-test.js n=100000 pattern='{"hostname":"xn--caf-dma.com"}' -0.39 % ±0.89% ±1.20% ±1.58%
url/urlpattern-test.js n=100000 pattern='{"pathname":"/([[a-z]--a])"}' * 0.74 % ±0.59% ±0.78% ±1.02%
url/urlpattern-test.js n=100000 pattern='{"pathname":"/foo","search":"bar","hash":"baz","baseURL":"https://example.com:8080/"}' 0.20 % ±0.75% ±0.99% ±1.29%

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.03%. Comparing base (baa60ce) to head (87d5b72).
Report is 398 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@ Coverage Diff @@## main #57136 +/- ##
=======================================
Coverage 89.03% 89.03% =======================================
Files 665 665 Lines 193408 193408 Branches 37279 37273 -6 =======================================
+ Hits 172206 172209 +3 + Misses 13886 13885 -1 + Partials 7316 7314 -2 

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_url_pattern.cc	86.61% <100.00%> (+0.92%)	⬆️

... and 28 files with indirect coverage changes

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[mcollina]

lgtm

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/65321/

[nodejs-github-bot]

Landed in 9e6a62f