src: improve error handling in cares_wrap

[jasnell]

Improve error handling in cares_wrap by replacing ToLocalChecked() and Check() calls.
Reduce some code duplication using macros

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/net

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/66373/ 💛

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 33.94309% with 325 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 90.19%. Comparing base (25842c5) to head (d1771d9).
Report is 41 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/cares_wrap.cc	34.08%	246 Missing and 77 partials ⚠️
src/cares_wrap.h	0.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@ Coverage Diff @@## main #57937 +/- ##
==========================================
- Coverage 92.26% 90.19% -2.07% 
==========================================
Files 325 630 +305 Lines 126673 186174 +59501 Branches 20783 36562 +15779 ==========================================
+ Hits 116869 167923 +51054 - Misses 9576 11066 +1490 - Partials 228 7185 +6957 

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/cares_wrap.h	78.97% <0.00%> (ø)
src/cares_wrap.cc	54.38% <34.08%> (ø)

... and 410 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.

[jasnell]

Landed in e716081...49bb0ae