fs: extend signal option to lstat, fstat and promises API

[mertcanaltin]

Stacked on top of #63142. Adds AbortSignal support to fs.lstat, fs.fstat, fsPromises.stat, fsPromises.lstat, fsPromises.fstat and filehandle.stat to match fs.stat. Addresses @LiviaMedeiros's parity request from #57775.

Will rebase once #63142 lands.

Refs: #57775

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 95.50562% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.34%. Comparing base (1fd4949) to head (b5c6e56).
⚠️ Report is 200 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
lib/internal/fs/promises.js	92.00%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@ Coverage Diff @@## main #63143 +/- ##
==========================================
+ Coverage 90.03% 90.34% +0.30% 
==========================================
Files 713 730 +17 Lines 224699 234433 +9734 Branches 42473 43960 +1487 ==========================================
+ Hits 202310 211798 +9488 - Misses 14179 14387 +208 - Partials 8210 8248 +38 

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/fs.js	98.21% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
lib/internal/fs/promises.js	93.00% <92.00%> (+0.05%)	⬆️

... and 167 files with indirect coverage changes

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