doc: update typescript docs

[khaosdoctor]

Description

This PR extends and improves upon the original article about "How to run TS with Node". It fixes a small conceptual issue (using both flags), while adding the configuration section to point that the users will probably need to update their tsconfig and expands on new versions of node, especially on v23 which enables type stripping by default, but not type transformation.

Overall, it just adds more information on running TS by default.

Validation

Documentation change, no code.

Check List

• I have read the Contributing Guidelines and made commit messages that follow the guideline.
• I have run npm run format to ensure the code follows the style guide.
• I have run npm run test to check if all tests are passing.
• I have run npx turbo build to check if the website builds without errors.
• I've covered new added functionality with unit tests if necessary.

[vercel]

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Name	Status	Preview	Updated (UTC)
nodejs-org	✅ Ready (Inspect)	Visit Preview	Jan 20, 2025 10:42pm

[khaosdoctor]

cc @nodejs/typescript

[AugustinMauroy]

General note :

• use pin node version in the doc like https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v23.x/api/typescript.html
• add link to doc for --experimental-transform-types

[khaosdoctor]

General note :

• use pin node version in the doc like nodejs.org/docs/latest-v23.x/api/typescript.html
• add link to doc for --experimental-transform-types

Done! Also added a link to V23's --no-experimental-strip-types

[khaosdoctor]

It seems to be stuck apparently, I can't get any results from the checks back and it's blocking the merge 🤔

[github-actions]

Lighthouse Results

URL	Performance	Accessibility	Best Practices	SEO	Report
/en	🟢 99	🟢 100	🟢 100	🟢 91	🔗
/en/about	🟢 100	🟢 100	🟢 100	🟢 91	🔗
/en/about/previous-releases	🟢 99	🟢 100	🟢 100	🟢 92	🔗
/en/download	🟢 95	🟢 100	🟢 100	🟢 91	🔗
/en/blog	🟢 100	🟢 100	🟢 96	🟢 92	🔗

[github-actions]

Unit Test Coverage Report

Lines	Statements	Branches	Functions
	87.47% (740/846)	74.3% (240/323)	86.58% (142/164)

Unit Test Report

Tests	Skipped	Failures	Errors	Time
182	0 💤	0 ❌	0 🔥	5.535s ⏱️