[METRICS SDK] Drop aggregation behaves as a no-op

[dbarker]

Fixes #4514

When a view configures drop aggregation for an instrument (sync or async) the meter should not create a storage for that view.

When multiple views are configured for an instrument (a catch-all view and an instrument specific view), the SDK should detect semantic errors and prevent conflicting metrics.

Producers SHOULD prevent the presence of multiple Metric identities for a given name with the same Resource and Scope attributes. Producers are expected to aggregate data for identical Metric objects as a basic feature, so the appearance of multiple Metric, considered a “semantic error”, generally requires duplicate conflicting instrument registration to have occurred somewhere.

https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/metrics/data-model/#opentelemetry-protocol-data-model-producer-recommendations

Changes

• Check if a view configures drop aggregation before creating storage
• Log a warning if the views will create duplicate conflicting metric storage objects.
• Fix bugs that allowed the meter to add the same storage multiple times to a single instrument. This would cause unexpected results when multiple views match the same instrument/stream.
• Update meter test to verify drop aggregation (including catch-all view cases) and general cleanup/enhancement.
• Updates sync instruments benchmark results

For significant contributions please make sure you have completed the following items:

• CHANGELOG.md updated for non-trivial changes
• Unit tests have been added
• Changes in public API reviewed

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 93.22034% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 83.45%. Comparing base (3dc106f) to head (ac90f8c).
⚠️ Report is 17 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...dk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h	75.00%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4515      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   83.46%   83.45%   -0.00%     
==========================================
  Files         521      521              
  Lines       20412    20467      +55     
==========================================
+ Hits        17034    17078      +44     
- Misses       3378     3389      +11     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
sdk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.h	57.15% <ø> (ø)
...telemetry/sdk/metrics/state/multi_metric_storage.h	92.73% <100.00%> (+2.49%)	⬆️
sdk/src/metrics/meter.cc	82.82% <100.00%> (+1.46%)	⬆️
...dk/include/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instruments.h	75.61% <75.00%> (-0.14%)	⬇️

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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[dbarker]

Drop aggregation cases with ABIv1 (bound instruments preview OFF). Instruments with drop aggregation are now within ~2ns of the fully disabled meter case and latency no longer scales with the number of threads recording with the instrument.

Benchmark	Threads	main (ns)	this PR (ns)	Speedup
BM_Record_Counter_Drop_ByThreads	1	181	2.29	~79x
BM_Record_Counter_Drop_ByThreads	2	336	2.29	~147x
BM_Record_Counter_Drop_ByThreads	4	548	2.35	~233x
BM_Record_Histogram_Drop_ByThreads	1	180	2.50	~72x
BM_Record_Histogram_Drop_ByThreads	2	198	2.52	~79x
BM_Record_Histogram_Drop_ByThreads	4	556	2.56	~217x

[dbarker]

ABIv2 (bound instruments preview ON)

Benchmark	Threads	main (ns)	this PR (ns)	Speedup
BM_Record_Counter_Drop_ByThreads	1	291	1.75	~166x
BM_Record_Counter_Drop_ByThreads	2	545	1.77	~308x
BM_Record_Counter_Drop_ByThreads	4	1222	1.80	~679x
BM_Record_Histogram_Drop_ByThreads	1	288	2.12	~136x
BM_Record_Histogram_Drop_ByThreads	2	540	2.16	~250x
BM_Record_Histogram_Drop_ByThreads	4	1423	2.16	~659x
BM_Record_Gauge_Drop_ByThreads	1	286	1.77	~162x
BM_Record_Gauge_Drop_ByThreads	2	546	1.76	~310x
BM_Record_Gauge_Drop_ByThreads	4	1200	1.88	~638x
BM_Record_BoundCounter_Drop_ByThreads	1	5.81	1.14	~5.1x
BM_Record_BoundCounter_Drop_ByThreads	2	34.8	1.16	~30x
BM_Record_BoundCounter_Drop_ByThreads	4	123	1.20	~103x
BM_Record_BoundHistogram_Drop_ByThreads	1	6.19	1.76	~3.5x
BM_Record_BoundHistogram_Drop_ByThreads	2	32.6	1.76	~19x
BM_Record_BoundHistogram_Drop_ByThreads	4	155	1.79	~87x

[dbarker]

Before this PR, this case would result in duplicate counts due to duplicate storages added to the multi storage object of the instrument. When this happened, each value passed to counter->Add would be added N times, where N is the number of non-drop views corresponding to a single metric. This bug was fixed by checking if the storage configured by a view already exists in the Multi{Sync,Async}Storage before adding it again.