Fix Exception constructor optimization after https://github.com/php/php-src/pull/18442

[kocsismate]

• Property hooks may now throw exceptions, that seem to be forgotten to be handled (?)
• The $previous and $trace properties are private, and they were not accessible from the constructor of a child class

[kocsismate]

The tests may be a little complicated, but I tried to make it visible that properties are now not modified after an exception is thrown (the $code property remains 1, instead of 2 etc.)

[ndossche]

Good find. I don't really like the fact that we need to check for exceptions, I don't think it would be a big deal to not do this. (but probably best to do this anyway for consistency)
Anyway: the exceptions checks probably also need to be done on 8.4, no?

[kocsismate]

I don't think it would be a big deal to not do this.

Yes, not a huge issue, but I agree with the consistency stuff. Also, the if (code) calls were already a little shady when Nikita added them, now it may be even more unexpected that a hook doesn't run when a parameter is not passed.

Anyway: the exceptions checks probably also need to be done on 8.4, no?

Oh, I wasn't aware that the change was already added for 8.4. Yes, good idea, I'll take care of adding the missing exception checks for PHP 8.4.

[ndossche]

I'll pull and play with this in a bit

[kocsismate]

I'll pull and play with this in a bit

Yes, feel free to push directly to this branch if something needs to be changed.