`test_weakref.test_threaded_weak_key_dict_deepcopy` crash: merged objects should have ob_tid == 0

[colesbury]

Bug report

0:08:41 load avg: 0.10 [402/491/1] test_weakref worker non-zero exit code (Exit code 2147483651) -- running (7): test_largefile (2 min 38 sec), test_zipimport (2 min 25 sec), test_compileall (2 min 14 sec), test_dbm (1 min 54 sec), test_free_threading (2 min 32 sec), test_regrtest (1 min 36 sec), test_pathlib (2 min 44 sec)
...
test.test_weakref.MappingTestCase.test_threaded_weak_key_dict_deepcopy) ... C:\Users\Administrator\buildarea\pull_request.itamaro-win64-srv-22-aws.x64.nogil\build\Python\gc_free_threading.c:1081: validate_refcounts: Assertion "op->ob_tid == 0" failed: merged objects should have ob_tid == 0
Enable tracemalloc to get the memory block allocation traceback

object address : 0000020002444810
object refcount : 0
object type : 00007FFC8D8A1620
object type name: weakref.ReferenceType
object repr : <refcnt 0 at 0000020002444810>

Fatal Python error: _PyObject_AssertFailed: _PyObject_AssertFailed
Python runtime state: initialized

Stack (most recent call first):
 File "C:\Users\Administrator\buildarea\pull_request.itamaro-win64-srv-22-aws.x64.nogil\build\Lib\test\test_weakref.py", line 1999 in pop_and_collect
 File "C:\Users\Administrator\buildarea\pull_request.itamaro-win64-srv-22-aws.x64.nogil\build\Lib\threading.py", line 1016 in run
 File "C:\Users\Administrator\buildarea\pull_request.itamaro-win64-srv-22-aws.x64.nogil\build\Lib\threading.py", line 1074 in _bootstrap_inner
 File "C:\Users\Administrator\buildarea\pull_request.itamaro-win64-srv-22-aws.x64.nogil\build\Lib\threading.py", line 1036 in _bootstrap

Looks like it happens during a gc.collect() call:

cpython/Lib/test/test_weakref.py

Lines 1992 to 1999 in 1ffe913

	def pop_and_collect(lst):
	gc_ctr = 0
	while lst:
	i = random.randint(0, len(lst) - 1)
	gc_ctr += 1
	lst.pop(i)
	if gc_ctr % 10000 == 0:
	gc.collect() # just in case

https://buildbot.python.org/#/builders/1295/builds/591

The test passed on retry, but this seems like a bug.

Seen in main (3.15) on Windows debug build with free threading

Linked PRs

• gh-135106: [crash repro] Randomly deposit objects in _Py_Dealloc #135589
• GH-135106: Restrict trashcan to GC'ed objects #135682
• [3.14] GH-135106: Restrict trashcan to GC'ed objects (GH-135682) #135876

[vstinner]

Seen in main (3.15) on Windows debug build with free threading

The bug was also seen on the 3.14 branch on Windows with Free Threading: https://buildbot.python.org/#/builders/1717/builds/206

[colesbury]

The trashcan mechanism is broken in the 3.14 free threaded build. _PyTrash_thread_deposit_object overwrites the ob_tid in the free threading build, but that's not safe if the object is still tracked by the GC.

cpython/Objects/object.c

Lines 3166 to 3176 in 21bac3a

	void
	_Py_Dealloc(PyObject *op)
	{
	PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(op);
	destructor dealloc = type->tp_dealloc;
	PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
	intptr_t margin = _Py_RecursionLimit_GetMargin(tstate);
	if (margin < 2) {
	_PyTrash_thread_deposit_object(tstate, (PyObject *)op);
	return;
	}

(from #132280)

We're only seeing this currently on Windows probably because of the smaller stack size.

cc @nascheme @markshannon

[colesbury]

I think this is also broken in the default build. If you change _Py_RecursionLimit_GetMargin to occasionally return 1 as in #135589 you get lots of crashes.