Q# Utilties

This is a utility library I am writing as I learn Q# and quantum programming. It comprises functions I have found helpful that do not currently appear (as far as I can see) in the standard library. Functions cover the following areas:

• Complex numbers: Complex.qs, namespace Utilities.Complex
• Vectors: Vectors.qs, namespace Utilities.Vectors
• Matrices: Matrices.qs and the Matrices folder, namespace Utilities.Matrices
• Higher order functions: HigherOrderFunctions.qs

Q# Maths Utilities is under development.

Running

With VSCode and the QDK

The Q# part of the program can be run in VSCode provided that the Azure Quantum Development Kit (QDK) is installed.

Calling Q# from Python

Testing

The tests are written in Python and run with pytest. To install Python with its dependencies (qsharp, numpy and pytest) (and a currently-empty package qsharp-utilitiies):

1. Clone or download the repository.

2. Navigate into the cloned / downloaded repository.

In a virtual environment (recommended)

3. Make sure the virtual environment has been activated, e.g. on Linux:

   source env/bin/activate

4. Install with pip:

   pip install .

At the user level

3. Alternatively, from within the cloned repository, install at the user level with:

   pip install . --user

With dev dependencies (in a virtual environment)

3. If you wish to install mypy for type checking (in addition to the other dependencies), run:

   pip install .[dev]

Using this library as a dependency in your project

You can use this library as a dependency in your own project. To do this, your qsharp.json file should (minimally) contain the following information:

{
"author": "your-name-here",
"dependencies": {
"QsUtils": {
"path": "path/to/dependency"
}
}
}

To import from this library, prefix the module path you wish to import with the name for your dependency, in this case QsUtils, e.g.:

importStd.Math.*;
importQsUtils.Utilities.Complex.*;
@EntryPoint()
functionMain() : Complex {
ToC(1.)
}

Full instructions on project structure and using dependencies can be found in the Microsoft Docs.

Functions

Complex numbers

Conjugate(complex : Complex) : Complex

Produces the complex conjugate of input parameter complex.

EqualC(x : Complex, y : Complex) : Bool

Complex numbers cannot be directly compared. Thus the following expression produces a type error, since the Complex struct does not support equality:

Complex(1., 1.) ==Complex(1., 1.)

The EqualC function performs this comparison:

EqualC(Complex(1., 1.), Complex(1., 1.)); // Evaluates to true

Higher order functions

Curry2<'T, 'U, 'V>(f : ('T, 'U) -> 'V) : ('T -> 'U -> 'V)

Takes a function with a pair of parameters, and returns a curried version of it, i.e. two functions taking a single parameter each. For example, whereas EqualC has the type signature:

(Complex, Complex) ->Bool

in the following:

letequalC=Curry2(EqualC);

equalC has the type signature:

Complex->Complex->Bool

Dependencies and licenses

Q# itself is licensed under MIT.

Python dependencies are the following:

• mypy (MIT)
• pytest (MIT).
• qsharp (MIT)
• numpy (BSD-3 style)

Licenses for these dependencies are included in the LICENSES directory.