bump rand dependency of library tests

[RalfJung]

This finally removes getrandom 0.1 from the workspace, which makes Miri happy since old getrandom contains some strict provenance violations.

r? @thomcc

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[thomcc]

This will fail on wasm32, since new getrandom does a compile_error! if you don't turn on the js feature on that platform (which std cannot do due to the cyclic dependency that introduces on wasm-bindgen).

The correct way to do this is #104658, which I coincidentally just filed earlier today.

[thomcc]

See #86963 (comment) for details on why this fails on wasm32 (which is not why the CI just failed, since CI doesn't test wasm32 except in rollups and such)

[rust-log-analyzer]

The job mingw-check failed! Check out the build log: (web)(plain)

Click to see the possible cause of the failure (guessed by this bot)

configure: rust.debug-assertions := True
configure: rust.overflow-checks := True
configure: llvm.assertions := True
configure: dist.missing-tools := True
configure: build.configure-args := ['--enable-sccache', '--disable-manage-submodu ...
configure: writing `config.toml` in current directory
configure: configure: run `python /checkout/x.py --help`
Attempting with retry: make prepare

[RalfJung]

Closing in favor of #104658 then.