Abort on potential infinite recursion in type_must_outlive (#25954)

[robertg]

Display E0399 and stop recursing in type_must_outlive if a previous duplicate function application was encountered, to prevent a stack overflow.

This is my initial approach: Declare (ty, region, origin.span()) to define a distinct type_must_outlive function application, and use a HashSet to ensure no duplicate function applications occur.

Closes: #25954

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[arielb1]

Test please. I'm quite sure you need a recursion limit, not a loop check (the example creates a non-regular type via upvars).

[robertg]

@arielb1 I added a compile-fail-test. Are there some examples in the codebase utilizing recursion limits (does it use a function depth constant?). I think figuring out how to detect a loop in the 'region type graph' should be our goal, with using a recursion limit as a last resort.

[alexcrichton]

r? @nikomatsakis or @arielb1

[arielb1]

Nit: use FnvHashSet (that's util::nodemap::FnvHashSet).

[arielb1]

As an approach, I would prefer to check for closure representability (see ty::check_representable) rather than this explicit check.

type_must_outlive needs to be coinductive, through (is this right, @nikomatsakis?) - this should regionck

structB<'a,F:Fn()+'a>(&'aF);fnmain(){letmut p = B(std::mem::zeroed());
p.0 = &||{p.0;};}

as it is a non-borrowcking sugaring of

#![feature(unboxed_closures,core)]use std::cell::Cell;structB<'a,F:FnOnce()+'a>(Cell<Option<&'aF>>);structClosure<'a>{arg:B<'a,Closure<'a>>}impl<'a>FnOnce<()>forClosure<'a>{typeOutput = ();extern"rust-call"fncall_once(self,args:()){}}fnmain(){let(mut p,mut cls);
p = B(Cell::new(None));
cls = Closure{arg: p };
cls.arg.0.set(Some(&cls));}

[bors]

☔ The latest upstream changes (presumably #26575) made this pull request unmergeable. Please resolve the merge conflicts.

[nikomatsakis]

Sorry, last week was the work week, and this week I'm on vacation. I'll try to read over the code/comments this week though. I will say that one of the RFCs I am hoping to propose once I get back makes this point about recursion moot.

[nikomatsakis]

So, I'm in the process of preparing an RFC and PR that does a big overhaul to type_must_outlive, with the aim of fixing some soundness problems. As part of that, it makes infinite recursion impossible. Therefore, I'm inclined to close this PR in favor of that solution. Seem OK?

[robertg]

Yes.

[nikomatsakis]

Hmm, actually, I was mistaken. The problem this PR aims to correct is not fixed by the patches I've been working on, or at least not the ones I was thining of. However, it IS fixed by a separate PR:

#27087