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WSPR Spectrum Plots

Analysis of WSPR spectrum, in the face of fading and audio glitches.

Assumes you or a friend has the .wav files saved by WSPR Save>Save All.

glitch_spectrum.png

Glitches in spectrum (broadband hash) caused by dropouts on a UDP link.

Interference is about -25 dB down by edge of the WSPR sub-band. That means if you're transmitting with 1 Watt (30 dBm) than the WSPR band gets pulses of hash with several milliwatts of power. Correspondingly, if one was transmitting with 100 Watts (50dBm), the WSPR band is getting intermittent splashes of 1 Watt of power.

Here's what the dropouts look like in the time domain:

time.png

The underlying theory of why this broadband hash happens on audio dropouts is analogous to key clicks. An infinitely fast on-off transition requires infinite bandwidth. Here, the radio typically has about a 3 kHz audio filter that constrains the click bandwidth, and softens the on-off and off-on transitions necessarily.

With software defined radios, particularly those operated using Windows or where the transmit audio is sourced remotely over the internet, dropouts will occasionally happen. This was particularly an issue for FlexRadio 1500 using PowerSDR, it took iterative manual tuning to get things right. The settings used for CW low-latency could be different for those used for digital and voice modes for the Flex 1500 with PowerSDR. If the dropouts are infrequent, the energy level is small despite large bandwidth. As the dropout frequency increases, the transmitted signal suffers (due to missed bits) and the interference energy rises as well.

Like key clicks, the bandwidth is proportional to steepness of rise (UDP dropouts are infinitely steep, limited by the radio transmit audio filter), and the rate of on-off, off-on. Operating 60 wpm CW with key clicks makes a lot of interference because of the high rate of transitions. Operating WSPR or JT65 with a couple on-offs per minute is not as big a deal--unless you're using high power, then people within 3 kHz or so may notice.

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Analyze WSPR spectrum re: impacts of fades, timing error and audio glitches/dropouts.

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hamsciwspr

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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Add copy buttons to all 
 blocks\n(function() {\n function addCopyButtons() {\n document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {\n if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;\n codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');\n \n var btn = document.createElement('button');\n btn.textContent = 'Copy';\n btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';\n btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };\n btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };\n btn.onclick = function() {\n navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {\n btn.textContent = 'Copied!';\n setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);\n });\n };\n codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';\n codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);\n });\n }\n \n addCopyButtons();\n \n // Re-run on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "github.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "github\\.com" + '

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WSPR Spectrum Plots
Analysis of WSPR spectrum, in the face of fading and audio glitches.
Assumes you or a friend has the .wav files saved by WSPR Save>Save All.
glitch_spectrum.png
Glitches in spectrum (broadband hash) caused by dropouts on a UDP link.
Interference is about -25 dB down by edge of the WSPR sub-band.
That means if you're transmitting with 1 Watt (30 dBm) than the WSPR band gets pulses of hash with several milliwatts of power.
Correspondingly, if one was transmitting with 100 Watts (50dBm), the WSPR band is getting intermittent splashes of 1 Watt of power.
Here's what the dropouts look like in the time domain:
time.png
The underlying theory of why this broadband hash happens on audio dropouts is analogous to key clicks.
An infinitely fast on-off transition requires infinite bandwidth.
Here, the radio typically has about a 3 kHz audio filter that constrains the click bandwidth, and softens the on-off and off-on transitions necessarily.
With software defined radios, particularly those operated using Windows or where the transmit audio is sourced remotely over the internet, dropouts will occasionally happen.
This was particularly an issue for FlexRadio 1500 using PowerSDR, it took iterative manual tuning to get things right.
The settings used for CW low-latency could be different for those used for digital and voice modes for the Flex 1500 with PowerSDR.
If the dropouts are infrequent, the energy level is small despite large bandwidth.
As the dropout frequency increases, the transmitted signal suffers (due to missed bits) and the interference energy rises as well.
Like key clicks, the bandwidth is proportional to steepness of rise (UDP dropouts are infinitely steep, limited by the radio transmit audio filter), and the rate of on-off, off-on.
Operating 60 wpm CW with key clicks makes a lot of interference because of the high rate of transitions.
Operating WSPR or JT65 with a couple on-offs per minute is not as big a deal--unless you're using high power, then people within 3 kHz or so may notice.
About
Analyze WSPR spectrum re: impacts of fades, timing error and audio glitches/dropouts.
Topics
hamsciwspr
Resources
Readme
MIT license
Code of conduct
Code of conduct
Contributing
Contributing
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
3 stars
Watchers
1 watching
Forks
0 forks
Report repository
Releases
Sponsor this project
Used by
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

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This repository was archived by the owner on Aug 11, 2022. It is now read-only.

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WSPR Spectrum Plots
Analysis of WSPR spectrum, in the face of fading and audio glitches.
Assumes you or a friend has the .wav files saved by WSPR Save>Save All.
glitch_spectrum.png
Glitches in spectrum (broadband hash) caused by dropouts on a UDP link.
Interference is about -25 dB down by edge of the WSPR sub-band.
That means if you're transmitting with 1 Watt (30 dBm) than the WSPR band gets pulses of hash with several milliwatts of power.
Correspondingly, if one was transmitting with 100 Watts (50dBm), the WSPR band is getting intermittent splashes of 1 Watt of power.
Here's what the dropouts look like in the time domain:
time.png
The underlying theory of why this broadband hash happens on audio dropouts is analogous to key clicks.
An infinitely fast on-off transition requires infinite bandwidth.
Here, the radio typically has about a 3 kHz audio filter that constrains the click bandwidth, and softens the on-off and off-on transitions necessarily.
With software defined radios, particularly those operated using Windows or where the transmit audio is sourced remotely over the internet, dropouts will occasionally happen.
This was particularly an issue for FlexRadio 1500 using PowerSDR, it took iterative manual tuning to get things right.
The settings used for CW low-latency could be different for those used for digital and voice modes for the Flex 1500 with PowerSDR.
If the dropouts are infrequent, the energy level is small despite large bandwidth.
As the dropout frequency increases, the transmitted signal suffers (due to missed bits) and the interference energy rises as well.
Like key clicks, the bandwidth is proportional to steepness of rise (UDP dropouts are infinitely steep, limited by the radio transmit audio filter), and the rate of on-off, off-on.
Operating 60 wpm CW with key clicks makes a lot of interference because of the high rate of transitions.
Operating WSPR or JT65 with a couple on-offs per minute is not as big a deal--unless you're using high power, then people within 3 kHz or so may notice.
About
Analyze WSPR spectrum re: impacts of fades, timing error and audio glitches/dropouts.
Topics
hamsciwspr
Resources
Readme
MIT license
Code of conduct
Code of conduct
Contributing
Contributing
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
3 stars
Watchers
1 watching
Forks
0 forks
Report repository
Releases
Sponsor this project
Used by
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

Skip to content

This repository was archived by the owner on Aug 11, 2022. It is now read-only.

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WSPR Spectrum Plots
Analysis of WSPR spectrum, in the face of fading and audio glitches.
Assumes you or a friend has the .wav files saved by WSPR Save>Save All.
glitch_spectrum.png
Glitches in spectrum (broadband hash) caused by dropouts on a UDP link.
Interference is about -25 dB down by edge of the WSPR sub-band.
That means if you're transmitting with 1 Watt (30 dBm) than the WSPR band gets pulses of hash with several milliwatts of power.
Correspondingly, if one was transmitting with 100 Watts (50dBm), the WSPR band is getting intermittent splashes of 1 Watt of power.
Here's what the dropouts look like in the time domain:
time.png
The underlying theory of why this broadband hash happens on audio dropouts is analogous to key clicks.
An infinitely fast on-off transition requires infinite bandwidth.
Here, the radio typically has about a 3 kHz audio filter that constrains the click bandwidth, and softens the on-off and off-on transitions necessarily.
With software defined radios, particularly those operated using Windows or where the transmit audio is sourced remotely over the internet, dropouts will occasionally happen.
This was particularly an issue for FlexRadio 1500 using PowerSDR, it took iterative manual tuning to get things right.
The settings used for CW low-latency could be different for those used for digital and voice modes for the Flex 1500 with PowerSDR.
If the dropouts are infrequent, the energy level is small despite large bandwidth.
As the dropout frequency increases, the transmitted signal suffers (due to missed bits) and the interference energy rises as well.
Like key clicks, the bandwidth is proportional to steepness of rise (UDP dropouts are infinitely steep, limited by the radio transmit audio filter), and the rate of on-off, off-on.
Operating 60 wpm CW with key clicks makes a lot of interference because of the high rate of transitions.
Operating WSPR or JT65 with a couple on-offs per minute is not as big a deal--unless you're using high power, then people within 3 kHz or so may notice.
About
Analyze WSPR spectrum re: impacts of fades, timing error and audio glitches/dropouts.
Topics
hamsciwspr
Resources
Readme
MIT license
Code of conduct
Code of conduct
Contributing
Contributing
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
3 stars
Watchers
1 watching
Forks
0 forks
Report repository
Releases
Sponsor this project
Used by
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '

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This repository was archived by the owner on Aug 11, 2022. It is now read-only.

BranchesTags
Repository files navigation
WSPR Spectrum Plots
Analysis of WSPR spectrum, in the face of fading and audio glitches.
Assumes you or a friend has the .wav files saved by WSPR Save>Save All.
glitch_spectrum.png
Glitches in spectrum (broadband hash) caused by dropouts on a UDP link.
Interference is about -25 dB down by edge of the WSPR sub-band.
That means if you're transmitting with 1 Watt (30 dBm) than the WSPR band gets pulses of hash with several milliwatts of power.
Correspondingly, if one was transmitting with 100 Watts (50dBm), the WSPR band is getting intermittent splashes of 1 Watt of power.
Here's what the dropouts look like in the time domain:
time.png
The underlying theory of why this broadband hash happens on audio dropouts is analogous to key clicks.
An infinitely fast on-off transition requires infinite bandwidth.
Here, the radio typically has about a 3 kHz audio filter that constrains the click bandwidth, and softens the on-off and off-on transitions necessarily.
With software defined radios, particularly those operated using Windows or where the transmit audio is sourced remotely over the internet, dropouts will occasionally happen.
This was particularly an issue for FlexRadio 1500 using PowerSDR, it took iterative manual tuning to get things right.
The settings used for CW low-latency could be different for those used for digital and voice modes for the Flex 1500 with PowerSDR.
If the dropouts are infrequent, the energy level is small despite large bandwidth.
As the dropout frequency increases, the transmitted signal suffers (due to missed bits) and the interference energy rises as well.
Like key clicks, the bandwidth is proportional to steepness of rise (UDP dropouts are infinitely steep, limited by the radio transmit audio filter), and the rate of on-off, off-on.
Operating 60 wpm CW with key clicks makes a lot of interference because of the high rate of transitions.
Operating WSPR or JT65 with a couple on-offs per minute is not as big a deal--unless you're using high power, then people within 3 kHz or so may notice.
About
Analyze WSPR spectrum re: impacts of fades, timing error and audio glitches/dropouts.
Topics
hamsciwspr
Resources
Readme
MIT license
Code of conduct
Code of conduct
Contributing
Contributing
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
3 stars
Watchers
1 watching
Forks
0 forks
Report repository
Releases
Sponsor this project
Used by
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

Skip to content

This repository was archived by the owner on Aug 11, 2022. It is now read-only.

BranchesTags
Repository files navigation
WSPR Spectrum Plots
Analysis of WSPR spectrum, in the face of fading and audio glitches.
Assumes you or a friend has the .wav files saved by WSPR Save>Save All.
glitch_spectrum.png
Glitches in spectrum (broadband hash) caused by dropouts on a UDP link.
Interference is about -25 dB down by edge of the WSPR sub-band.
That means if you're transmitting with 1 Watt (30 dBm) than the WSPR band gets pulses of hash with several milliwatts of power.
Correspondingly, if one was transmitting with 100 Watts (50dBm), the WSPR band is getting intermittent splashes of 1 Watt of power.
Here's what the dropouts look like in the time domain:
time.png
The underlying theory of why this broadband hash happens on audio dropouts is analogous to key clicks.
An infinitely fast on-off transition requires infinite bandwidth.
Here, the radio typically has about a 3 kHz audio filter that constrains the click bandwidth, and softens the on-off and off-on transitions necessarily.
With software defined radios, particularly those operated using Windows or where the transmit audio is sourced remotely over the internet, dropouts will occasionally happen.
This was particularly an issue for FlexRadio 1500 using PowerSDR, it took iterative manual tuning to get things right.
The settings used for CW low-latency could be different for those used for digital and voice modes for the Flex 1500 with PowerSDR.
If the dropouts are infrequent, the energy level is small despite large bandwidth.
As the dropout frequency increases, the transmitted signal suffers (due to missed bits) and the interference energy rises as well.
Like key clicks, the bandwidth is proportional to steepness of rise (UDP dropouts are infinitely steep, limited by the radio transmit audio filter), and the rate of on-off, off-on.
Operating 60 wpm CW with key clicks makes a lot of interference because of the high rate of transitions.
Operating WSPR or JT65 with a couple on-offs per minute is not as big a deal--unless you're using high power, then people within 3 kHz or so may notice.
About
Analyze WSPR spectrum re: impacts of fades, timing error and audio glitches/dropouts.
Topics
hamsciwspr
Resources
Readme
MIT license
Code of conduct
Code of conduct
Contributing
Contributing
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
3 stars
Watchers
1 watching
Forks
0 forks
Report repository
Releases
Sponsor this project
Used by
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); }
})();
(function(){
try {
var __m = "*";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '

Skip to content

This repository was archived by the owner on Aug 11, 2022. It is now read-only.

BranchesTags
Repository files navigation
WSPR Spectrum Plots
Analysis of WSPR spectrum, in the face of fading and audio glitches.
Assumes you or a friend has the .wav files saved by WSPR Save>Save All.
glitch_spectrum.png
Glitches in spectrum (broadband hash) caused by dropouts on a UDP link.
Interference is about -25 dB down by edge of the WSPR sub-band.
That means if you're transmitting with 1 Watt (30 dBm) than the WSPR band gets pulses of hash with several milliwatts of power.
Correspondingly, if one was transmitting with 100 Watts (50dBm), the WSPR band is getting intermittent splashes of 1 Watt of power.
Here's what the dropouts look like in the time domain:
time.png
The underlying theory of why this broadband hash happens on audio dropouts is analogous to key clicks.
An infinitely fast on-off transition requires infinite bandwidth.
Here, the radio typically has about a 3 kHz audio filter that constrains the click bandwidth, and softens the on-off and off-on transitions necessarily.
With software defined radios, particularly those operated using Windows or where the transmit audio is sourced remotely over the internet, dropouts will occasionally happen.
This was particularly an issue for FlexRadio 1500 using PowerSDR, it took iterative manual tuning to get things right.
The settings used for CW low-latency could be different for those used for digital and voice modes for the Flex 1500 with PowerSDR.
If the dropouts are infrequent, the energy level is small despite large bandwidth.
As the dropout frequency increases, the transmitted signal suffers (due to missed bits) and the interference energy rises as well.
Like key clicks, the bandwidth is proportional to steepness of rise (UDP dropouts are infinitely steep, limited by the radio transmit audio filter), and the rate of on-off, off-on.
Operating 60 wpm CW with key clicks makes a lot of interference because of the high rate of transitions.
Operating WSPR or JT65 with a couple on-offs per minute is not as big a deal--unless you're using high power, then people within 3 kHz or so may notice.
About
Analyze WSPR spectrum re: impacts of fades, timing error and audio glitches/dropouts.
Topics
hamsciwspr
Resources
Readme
MIT license
Code of conduct
Code of conduct
Contributing
Contributing
Activity
Custom properties
Stars
3 stars
Watchers
1 watching
Forks
0 forks
Report repository
Releases
Sponsor this project
Used by
Contributors
Languages

, 'i');
if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) {
injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); }
})();
})();

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WSPR Spectrum Plots
Analysis of WSPR spectrum, in the face of fading and audio glitches.
Assumes you or a friend has the .wav files saved by WSPR Save>Save All.
glitch_spectrum.png
Glitches in spectrum (broadband hash) caused by dropouts on a UDP link.
Interference is about -25 dB down by edge of the WSPR sub-band.
That means if you're transmitting with 1 Watt (30 dBm) than the WSPR band gets pulses of hash with several milliwatts of power.
Correspondingly, if one was transmitting with 100 Watts (50dBm), the WSPR band is getting intermittent splashes of 1 Watt of power.
Here's what the dropouts look like in the time domain:
time.png
The underlying theory of why this broadband hash happens on audio dropouts is analogous to key clicks.
An infinitely fast on-off transition requires infinite bandwidth.
Here, the radio typically has about a 3 kHz audio filter that constrains the click bandwidth, and softens the on-off and off-on transitions necessarily.
With software defined radios, particularly those operated using Windows or where the transmit audio is sourced remotely over the internet, dropouts will occasionally happen.
This was particularly an issue for FlexRadio 1500 using PowerSDR, it took iterative manual tuning to get things right.
The settings used for CW low-latency could be different for those used for digital and voice modes for the Flex 1500 with PowerSDR.
If the dropouts are infrequent, the energy level is small despite large bandwidth.
As the dropout frequency increases, the transmitted signal suffers (due to missed bits) and the interference energy rises as well.
Like key clicks, the bandwidth is proportional to steepness of rise (UDP dropouts are infinitely steep, limited by the radio transmit audio filter), and the rate of on-off, off-on.
Operating 60 wpm CW with key clicks makes a lot of interference because of the high rate of transitions.
Operating WSPR or JT65 with a couple on-offs per minute is not as big a deal--unless you're using high power, then people within 3 kHz or so may notice.
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Analyze WSPR spectrum re: impacts of fades, timing error and audio glitches/dropouts.
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