feat(cli): port pg-delta catalog cache

[7ttp]

TL;DR:

Ports the catalog cache to native TS the recent db push port #5715
left this Go feature out entirely this restores/extends it....

What's Introduced?

Basically, we're porting Go's pg-delta migrations-catalog cache to native TS,
and for that we've introduced:

legacyTryCacheMigrationsCatalog in legacy-pgdelta.cache.ts (gated on pg-delta being enabled,
reusing the legacyExportCatalogPgDelta so it can't inherit the /workspace mount bug fixed separately on the Go)
the corresponding edge-runtime/docker/ssl-probe layer wiring in push.layers.ts, the actual call site in push.handler.ts (after a successful migration apply, warns and never fails the push on error)

also added integration + unit test coverage in push.integration.test.ts and legacy-pgdelta.cache.unit.test.ts
for the enabled/disabled/failure paths and the new pure helpers....

Ref:

• closesdb push: "failed to cache migrations catalog" — pg-delta can't read pgdelta-target-ca.crt inside edge-runtime (ENOENT at /workspace/...) #5921
• Followup to: #5929
• Extends: feat(cli): port db push, db reset, and db start to native TypeScript #5715

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[7ttp]

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