Nim Time‑Travel Debugger

A trace‑based time‑travel debugger for Nim. It records execution at Nim‑level statement boundaries and lets you move forward and backward through recorded program history with a fast, full‑screen TUI.

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Features

• Time Navigation – Step forward and backward through recorded execution
• Statement‑Level Tracing – Execution recorded at Nim statement boundaries (best‑effort)
• Tracked Locals – Automatically tracks locals declared inside debug: regions
• Variable Watches – Track arbitrary expressions across all steps
• Diff View – See exactly what changed since the previous step
• Call Depth Tracking – Visualize scope entry/exit and nesting depth
• Breakpoints – Jump forward or backward to matching file:line
• Search – Find steps by code, variable name, or value
• Full‑Screen TUI – Source‑aligned, keyboard‑driven interface
• Single Binary – No services, no background daemons

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Quick Start

1. Instrument Code

import debug
debug:
var x =10let y =20
x = x + y
if x >15:
echo"x is large: ", x
for i in1..3:
echo"Iteration: ", i

2. Run Normally

nim c -r myprogram.nim

This produces a local trace file:

.debug.trace

3. Inspect the Trace

debug .debug.trace

Controls

Key	Action
Left / A	Step backward
Right / L	Step forward
PgUp / PgDn	Jump ±10 steps
Home / End	First / last step
G	Goto step number
B	Set breakpoint (file:line)
C	Continue forward to breakpoint
R	Reverse to previous breakpoint
W	Add/remove watch
D	Show diff from previous step
F or /	Search
N / P	Next / previous result
I	Trace info
Q	Quit

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Variable Tracking Model

Automatic Tracking

The debugger automatically tracks:

• var and let declared inside debug: blocks
• loop variables (for i in ...)
• procedure parameters (inside instrumented scopes)

Tracking is best‑effort and scoped to code rewritten by the macro.

Watches

Use watches for anything else:

debug:
var x =10watch x
watch x *2
x +=5

Watched expressions are evaluated once per step and recorded.

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Diff View

Each step stores only changes, not full snapshots.

Diff markers:

• +name – Variable entered scope
• ~name – Value changed
• -name – Variable left scope

This keeps traces smaller and highlights what actually matters.

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Skipping Instrumentation

Use noDebug: to avoid tracing hot paths:

debug:
var sum =0
noDebug:
for i in1..1_000_000:
sum += i
echo sum

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Trace Format

Traces use JSON Lines (one event per line):

{"step":12,"file":"example.nim","line":15,"col":2,"desc":"echo(Iteration, i)","depth":1,"scope":"<module>","changes":{"i":"2"}}

Fields are designed for incremental reconstruction, not raw replay.

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Performance Notes

• Tracing adds overhead proportional to executed statements
• Large traces are expected; use search, breakpoints, and diffs
• Intended for debugging and exploration, not production builds
• Use noDebug: aggressively in tight loops

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CLI Commands

The debug package includes CLI commands for managing instrumentation:

Basic Commands

# Add debug: wrapper to a file
debug add myfile.nim
# Add debug: wrapper to all .nim files recursively
debug add
# Remove debug: wrapper from a file
debug remove myfile.nim
# Remove debug: wrapper from all .nim files recursively
debug remove

Raw Instrumentation (Advanced)

For cases where the debug: macro approach doesn't work (e.g., debugging macros, compile-time code, or when you need to see the expanded instrumentation):

# Expand debug instrumentation inline (creates .predebug backup)
debug addRaw myfile.nim
# Expand recursively on all .nim files
debug addRaw
# Restore original from backup
debug removeRaw myfile.nim
# Restore recursively on all .nim files
debug removeRaw

Use cases for addRaw:

1. Debugging macros – Macros get echo-based logging at compile time
2. Understanding instrumentation – See exactly what code gets generated
3. Files that can't use the macro – When debug: block syntax isn't suitable
4. Troubleshooting the debug package – Debug the debugger itself

Important notes:

• addRaw creates a .predebug backup file before transforming
• removeRaw requires this backup to restore the original
• The raw instrumentation is verbose – use only when needed
• For normal debugging, prefer the debug: macro approach

Example raw output:

# Originalprocgreet(name: string) =echo"Hello, "& name
# After addRaw (compile with -d:debugVars for variable capture)procgreet(name: string) =enterScope("greet")
defer:
exitScope()
whendefined(debugVars):
debugLog("file.nim", 2, 2, "echo \"Hello, \" & name", toVarList([("name", safeRepr(name))]))
else:
debugLog("file.nim", 2, 2, "echo \"Hello, \" & name")
echo"Hello, "& name