Harden the decode path against malformed input + add a fuzzer

[treeform]

What

Makes fromFlatty safe to run on untrusted/hostile bytes (e.g. packets off the wire). Today a malformed blob can take the whole process down; after this PR a bad blob fails with a catchable error instead of a segfault, an out-of-memory abort, or a stack overflow. Adds a fuzzer that proves it.

Why

fromFlatty is commonly used to decode network data, but the decode path trusted its input: unchecked reads, unchecked length/count prefixes driving allocations, cast-ed enum discriminators, and unbounded recursion. A fuzzer (see below) found 178 hard aborts across every length-prefixed and variant type — each one a remotely triggerable crash.

The fuzzer (tests/fuzz.nim)

Feeds truncated, oversized, and randomly-mutated blobs to the decode path across every type shape and asserts none of them crash the process (a catchable error is fine). Because a bad input can hard-abort, each child decode runs in a subprocess that checkpoints its input first — so an uncatchable abort is reported with a replayable reproducer instead of killing the run. Deterministic (seeded), so every finding replays.

nim r tests/fuzz.nim # 0 hard aborts after this PR
nim r tests/fuzz.nim --replay <type><hex># replay one reproducer

The hardening

• Bounds-check every read (binny): truncated blobs can't over-read; stays on even under -d:danger.
• Validate length/count prefixes before allocating (string, seq, Table, Set): a bogus/negative/huge length can't drive a giant allocation or over-read.
• Range-check enum discriminators before building an object variant: an out-of-range tag can no longer corrupt a variant or segfault via new(x, badTag).
• Cap Table/HashSet preallocation from an untrusted count: fixes a measured 55–69× memory-amplification DoS (a ~0.5 MB blob forced ~33 MB; ~5 MB forced ~270 MB). Preallocation is now a bounded constant; large legitimate containers still grow as their real entries decode.
• Stack-pointer watermark stops deeply nested input (a long ref/seq chain) before it overflows the thread stack — no per-call depth counter, no bookkeeping to unwind. Guards only the four heap-indirection procs (ref/seq/Table/Set), which every type cycle must pass through, so object/tuple/array stay untouched.

Decode failures raise FlattyError (bad length/count/enum) or IndexDefect (truncation); catch both.

Performance

tests/bench_flatty_types.nim, -d:release, best-of-5. Serialize is unchanged (no checks added there). Deserialize:

• Bulk binary paths (array/seq of PODs, strings): no measurable cost — one check per blob, then the same copyMem.
• Structured/pointer-heavy paths pay for the per-field bounds check: ~1.15–1.2× for seq-of-struct / Table / seq[string], up to ~1.4–1.5× for the ref-object tree. Absolute cost is tens of microseconds on 100–380 KB payloads — it's the untrusted-input path.

The stack guard and the Table prealloc cap add no measurable cost on normal data.