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Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm

Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm is a set of services and jobs that are responsible for constructing and serving the Home Timeline. For an introduction to how the algorithm works, please refer to our engineering blog. The diagram below illustrates how major services and jobs interconnect.

These are the main components of the Recommendation Algorithm included in this repository:

TypeComponentDescription
FeatureSimClustersCommunity detection and sparse embeddings into those communities.
TwHINDense knowledge graph embeddings for Users and Tweets.
trust-and-safety-modelsModels for detecting NSFW or abusive content.
real-graphModel to predict the likelihood of a Twitter User interacting with another User.
tweepcredPage-Rank algorithm for calculating Twitter User reputation.
recos-injectorStreaming event processor for building input streams for GraphJet based services.
graph-feature-serviceServes graph features for a directed pair of Users (e.g. how many of User A's following liked Tweets from User B).
Candidate Sourcesearch-indexFind and rank In-Network Tweets. ~50% of Tweets come from this candidate source.
cr-mixerCoordination layer for fetching Out-of-Network tweet candidates from underlying compute services.
user-tweet-entity-graph (UTEG)Maintains an in memory User to Tweet interaction graph, and finds candidates based on traversals of this graph. This is built on the GraphJet framework. Several other GraphJet based features and candidate sources are located here.
follow-recommendation-service (FRS)Provides Users with recommendations for accounts to follow, and Tweets from those accounts.
Rankinglight-rankerLight Ranker model used by search index (Earlybird) to rank Tweets.
heavy-rankerNeural network for ranking candidate tweets. One of the main signals used to select timeline Tweets post candidate sourcing.
Tweet mixing & filteringhome-mixerMain service used to construct and serve the Home Timeline. Built on product-mixer.
visibility-filtersResponsible for filtering Twitter content to support legal compliance, improve product quality, increase user trust, protect revenue through the use of hard-filtering, visible product treatments, and coarse-grained downranking.
timelinerankerLegacy service which provides relevance-scored tweets from the Earlybird Search Index and UTEG service.
Software frameworknaviHigh performance, machine learning model serving written in Rust.
product-mixerSoftware framework for building feeds of content.
twmlLegacy machine learning framework built on TensorFlow v1.

We include Bazel BUILD files for most components, but not a top-level BUILD or WORKSPACE file.

Contributing

We invite the community to submit GitHub issues and pull requests for suggestions on improving the recommendation algorithm. We are working on tools to manage these suggestions and sync changes to our internal repository. Any security concerns or issues should be routed to our official bug bounty program through HackerOne. We hope to benefit from the collective intelligence and expertise of the global community in helping us identify issues and suggest improvements, ultimately leading to a better Twitter.

Read our blog on the open source initiative here.

About

Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm

blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2023/twitter-recommendation-algorithm

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GitHub - vcpandya/the-algorithm: Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm · GitHub
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Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm is a set of services and jobs that are responsible for constructing and serving the
Home Timeline. For an introduction to how the algorithm works, please refer to our engineering blog. The
diagram below illustrates how major services and jobs interconnect.
These are the main components of the Recommendation Algorithm included in this repository:
TypeComponentDescription
FeatureSimClustersCommunity detection and sparse embeddings into those communities.
TwHINDense knowledge graph embeddings for Users and Tweets.
trust-and-safety-modelsModels for detecting NSFW or abusive content.
real-graphModel to predict the likelihood of a Twitter User interacting with another User.
tweepcredPage-Rank algorithm for calculating Twitter User reputation.
recos-injectorStreaming event processor for building input streams for GraphJet based services.
graph-feature-serviceServes graph features for a directed pair of Users (e.g. how many of User A's following liked Tweets from User B).
Candidate Sourcesearch-indexFind and rank In-Network Tweets. ~50% of Tweets come from this candidate source.
cr-mixerCoordination layer for fetching Out-of-Network tweet candidates from underlying compute services.
user-tweet-entity-graph (UTEG)Maintains an in memory User to Tweet interaction graph, and finds candidates based on traversals of this graph. This is built on the GraphJet framework. Several other GraphJet based features and candidate sources are located here.
follow-recommendation-service (FRS)Provides Users with recommendations for accounts to follow, and Tweets from those accounts.
Rankinglight-rankerLight Ranker model used by search index (Earlybird) to rank Tweets.
heavy-rankerNeural network for ranking candidate tweets. One of the main signals used to select timeline Tweets post candidate sourcing.
Tweet mixing & filteringhome-mixerMain service used to construct and serve the Home Timeline. Built on product-mixer.
visibility-filtersResponsible for filtering Twitter content to support legal compliance, improve product quality, increase user trust, protect revenue through the use of hard-filtering, visible product treatments, and coarse-grained downranking.
timelinerankerLegacy service which provides relevance-scored tweets from the Earlybird Search Index and UTEG service.
Software frameworknaviHigh performance, machine learning model serving written in Rust.
product-mixerSoftware framework for building feeds of content.
twmlLegacy machine learning framework built on TensorFlow v1.
We include Bazel BUILD files for most components, but not a top-level BUILD or WORKSPACE file.
Contributing
We invite the community to submit GitHub issues and pull requests for suggestions on improving the recommendation algorithm. We are working on tools to manage these suggestions and sync changes to our internal repository. Any security concerns or issues should be routed to our official bug bounty program through HackerOne. We hope to benefit from the collective intelligence and expertise of the global community in helping us identify issues and suggest improvements, ultimately leading to a better Twitter.
Read our blog on the open source initiative here.
About
Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2023/twitter-recommendation-algorithm
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GitHub - vcpandya/the-algorithm: Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm · GitHub
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Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm is a set of services and jobs that are responsible for constructing and serving the
Home Timeline. For an introduction to how the algorithm works, please refer to our engineering blog. The
diagram below illustrates how major services and jobs interconnect.
These are the main components of the Recommendation Algorithm included in this repository:
TypeComponentDescription
FeatureSimClustersCommunity detection and sparse embeddings into those communities.
TwHINDense knowledge graph embeddings for Users and Tweets.
trust-and-safety-modelsModels for detecting NSFW or abusive content.
real-graphModel to predict the likelihood of a Twitter User interacting with another User.
tweepcredPage-Rank algorithm for calculating Twitter User reputation.
recos-injectorStreaming event processor for building input streams for GraphJet based services.
graph-feature-serviceServes graph features for a directed pair of Users (e.g. how many of User A's following liked Tweets from User B).
Candidate Sourcesearch-indexFind and rank In-Network Tweets. ~50% of Tweets come from this candidate source.
cr-mixerCoordination layer for fetching Out-of-Network tweet candidates from underlying compute services.
user-tweet-entity-graph (UTEG)Maintains an in memory User to Tweet interaction graph, and finds candidates based on traversals of this graph. This is built on the GraphJet framework. Several other GraphJet based features and candidate sources are located here.
follow-recommendation-service (FRS)Provides Users with recommendations for accounts to follow, and Tweets from those accounts.
Rankinglight-rankerLight Ranker model used by search index (Earlybird) to rank Tweets.
heavy-rankerNeural network for ranking candidate tweets. One of the main signals used to select timeline Tweets post candidate sourcing.
Tweet mixing & filteringhome-mixerMain service used to construct and serve the Home Timeline. Built on product-mixer.
visibility-filtersResponsible for filtering Twitter content to support legal compliance, improve product quality, increase user trust, protect revenue through the use of hard-filtering, visible product treatments, and coarse-grained downranking.
timelinerankerLegacy service which provides relevance-scored tweets from the Earlybird Search Index and UTEG service.
Software frameworknaviHigh performance, machine learning model serving written in Rust.
product-mixerSoftware framework for building feeds of content.
twmlLegacy machine learning framework built on TensorFlow v1.
We include Bazel BUILD files for most components, but not a top-level BUILD or WORKSPACE file.
Contributing
We invite the community to submit GitHub issues and pull requests for suggestions on improving the recommendation algorithm. We are working on tools to manage these suggestions and sync changes to our internal repository. Any security concerns or issues should be routed to our official bug bounty program through HackerOne. We hope to benefit from the collective intelligence and expertise of the global community in helping us identify issues and suggest improvements, ultimately leading to a better Twitter.
Read our blog on the open source initiative here.
About
Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2023/twitter-recommendation-algorithm
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GitHub - vcpandya/the-algorithm: Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm · GitHub
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BranchesTags
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Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm is a set of services and jobs that are responsible for constructing and serving the
Home Timeline. For an introduction to how the algorithm works, please refer to our engineering blog. The
diagram below illustrates how major services and jobs interconnect.
These are the main components of the Recommendation Algorithm included in this repository:
TypeComponentDescription
FeatureSimClustersCommunity detection and sparse embeddings into those communities.
TwHINDense knowledge graph embeddings for Users and Tweets.
trust-and-safety-modelsModels for detecting NSFW or abusive content.
real-graphModel to predict the likelihood of a Twitter User interacting with another User.
tweepcredPage-Rank algorithm for calculating Twitter User reputation.
recos-injectorStreaming event processor for building input streams for GraphJet based services.
graph-feature-serviceServes graph features for a directed pair of Users (e.g. how many of User A's following liked Tweets from User B).
Candidate Sourcesearch-indexFind and rank In-Network Tweets. ~50% of Tweets come from this candidate source.
cr-mixerCoordination layer for fetching Out-of-Network tweet candidates from underlying compute services.
user-tweet-entity-graph (UTEG)Maintains an in memory User to Tweet interaction graph, and finds candidates based on traversals of this graph. This is built on the GraphJet framework. Several other GraphJet based features and candidate sources are located here.
follow-recommendation-service (FRS)Provides Users with recommendations for accounts to follow, and Tweets from those accounts.
Rankinglight-rankerLight Ranker model used by search index (Earlybird) to rank Tweets.
heavy-rankerNeural network for ranking candidate tweets. One of the main signals used to select timeline Tweets post candidate sourcing.
Tweet mixing & filteringhome-mixerMain service used to construct and serve the Home Timeline. Built on product-mixer.
visibility-filtersResponsible for filtering Twitter content to support legal compliance, improve product quality, increase user trust, protect revenue through the use of hard-filtering, visible product treatments, and coarse-grained downranking.
timelinerankerLegacy service which provides relevance-scored tweets from the Earlybird Search Index and UTEG service.
Software frameworknaviHigh performance, machine learning model serving written in Rust.
product-mixerSoftware framework for building feeds of content.
twmlLegacy machine learning framework built on TensorFlow v1.
We include Bazel BUILD files for most components, but not a top-level BUILD or WORKSPACE file.
Contributing
We invite the community to submit GitHub issues and pull requests for suggestions on improving the recommendation algorithm. We are working on tools to manage these suggestions and sync changes to our internal repository. Any security concerns or issues should be routed to our official bug bounty program through HackerOne. We hope to benefit from the collective intelligence and expertise of the global community in helping us identify issues and suggest improvements, ultimately leading to a better Twitter.
Read our blog on the open source initiative here.
About
Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2023/twitter-recommendation-algorithm
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GitHub - vcpandya/the-algorithm: Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm · GitHub
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Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm is a set of services and jobs that are responsible for constructing and serving the
Home Timeline. For an introduction to how the algorithm works, please refer to our engineering blog. The
diagram below illustrates how major services and jobs interconnect.
These are the main components of the Recommendation Algorithm included in this repository:
TypeComponentDescription
FeatureSimClustersCommunity detection and sparse embeddings into those communities.
TwHINDense knowledge graph embeddings for Users and Tweets.
trust-and-safety-modelsModels for detecting NSFW or abusive content.
real-graphModel to predict the likelihood of a Twitter User interacting with another User.
tweepcredPage-Rank algorithm for calculating Twitter User reputation.
recos-injectorStreaming event processor for building input streams for GraphJet based services.
graph-feature-serviceServes graph features for a directed pair of Users (e.g. how many of User A's following liked Tweets from User B).
Candidate Sourcesearch-indexFind and rank In-Network Tweets. ~50% of Tweets come from this candidate source.
cr-mixerCoordination layer for fetching Out-of-Network tweet candidates from underlying compute services.
user-tweet-entity-graph (UTEG)Maintains an in memory User to Tweet interaction graph, and finds candidates based on traversals of this graph. This is built on the GraphJet framework. Several other GraphJet based features and candidate sources are located here.
follow-recommendation-service (FRS)Provides Users with recommendations for accounts to follow, and Tweets from those accounts.
Rankinglight-rankerLight Ranker model used by search index (Earlybird) to rank Tweets.
heavy-rankerNeural network for ranking candidate tweets. One of the main signals used to select timeline Tweets post candidate sourcing.
Tweet mixing & filteringhome-mixerMain service used to construct and serve the Home Timeline. Built on product-mixer.
visibility-filtersResponsible for filtering Twitter content to support legal compliance, improve product quality, increase user trust, protect revenue through the use of hard-filtering, visible product treatments, and coarse-grained downranking.
timelinerankerLegacy service which provides relevance-scored tweets from the Earlybird Search Index and UTEG service.
Software frameworknaviHigh performance, machine learning model serving written in Rust.
product-mixerSoftware framework for building feeds of content.
twmlLegacy machine learning framework built on TensorFlow v1.
We include Bazel BUILD files for most components, but not a top-level BUILD or WORKSPACE file.
Contributing
We invite the community to submit GitHub issues and pull requests for suggestions on improving the recommendation algorithm. We are working on tools to manage these suggestions and sync changes to our internal repository. Any security concerns or issues should be routed to our official bug bounty program through HackerOne. We hope to benefit from the collective intelligence and expertise of the global community in helping us identify issues and suggest improvements, ultimately leading to a better Twitter.
Read our blog on the open source initiative here.
About
Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2023/twitter-recommendation-algorithm
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GitHub - vcpandya/the-algorithm: Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm · GitHub
Skip to content
BranchesTags
Repository files navigation
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm is a set of services and jobs that are responsible for constructing and serving the
Home Timeline. For an introduction to how the algorithm works, please refer to our engineering blog. The
diagram below illustrates how major services and jobs interconnect.
These are the main components of the Recommendation Algorithm included in this repository:
TypeComponentDescription
FeatureSimClustersCommunity detection and sparse embeddings into those communities.
TwHINDense knowledge graph embeddings for Users and Tweets.
trust-and-safety-modelsModels for detecting NSFW or abusive content.
real-graphModel to predict the likelihood of a Twitter User interacting with another User.
tweepcredPage-Rank algorithm for calculating Twitter User reputation.
recos-injectorStreaming event processor for building input streams for GraphJet based services.
graph-feature-serviceServes graph features for a directed pair of Users (e.g. how many of User A's following liked Tweets from User B).
Candidate Sourcesearch-indexFind and rank In-Network Tweets. ~50% of Tweets come from this candidate source.
cr-mixerCoordination layer for fetching Out-of-Network tweet candidates from underlying compute services.
user-tweet-entity-graph (UTEG)Maintains an in memory User to Tweet interaction graph, and finds candidates based on traversals of this graph. This is built on the GraphJet framework. Several other GraphJet based features and candidate sources are located here.
follow-recommendation-service (FRS)Provides Users with recommendations for accounts to follow, and Tweets from those accounts.
Rankinglight-rankerLight Ranker model used by search index (Earlybird) to rank Tweets.
heavy-rankerNeural network for ranking candidate tweets. One of the main signals used to select timeline Tweets post candidate sourcing.
Tweet mixing & filteringhome-mixerMain service used to construct and serve the Home Timeline. Built on product-mixer.
visibility-filtersResponsible for filtering Twitter content to support legal compliance, improve product quality, increase user trust, protect revenue through the use of hard-filtering, visible product treatments, and coarse-grained downranking.
timelinerankerLegacy service which provides relevance-scored tweets from the Earlybird Search Index and UTEG service.
Software frameworknaviHigh performance, machine learning model serving written in Rust.
product-mixerSoftware framework for building feeds of content.
twmlLegacy machine learning framework built on TensorFlow v1.
We include Bazel BUILD files for most components, but not a top-level BUILD or WORKSPACE file.
Contributing
We invite the community to submit GitHub issues and pull requests for suggestions on improving the recommendation algorithm. We are working on tools to manage these suggestions and sync changes to our internal repository. Any security concerns or issues should be routed to our official bug bounty program through HackerOne. We hope to benefit from the collective intelligence and expertise of the global community in helping us identify issues and suggest improvements, ultimately leading to a better Twitter.
Read our blog on the open source initiative here.
About
Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2023/twitter-recommendation-algorithm
Resources
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GitHub - vcpandya/the-algorithm: Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm · GitHub
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Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm is a set of services and jobs that are responsible for constructing and serving the
Home Timeline. For an introduction to how the algorithm works, please refer to our engineering blog. The
diagram below illustrates how major services and jobs interconnect.
These are the main components of the Recommendation Algorithm included in this repository:
TypeComponentDescription
FeatureSimClustersCommunity detection and sparse embeddings into those communities.
TwHINDense knowledge graph embeddings for Users and Tweets.
trust-and-safety-modelsModels for detecting NSFW or abusive content.
real-graphModel to predict the likelihood of a Twitter User interacting with another User.
tweepcredPage-Rank algorithm for calculating Twitter User reputation.
recos-injectorStreaming event processor for building input streams for GraphJet based services.
graph-feature-serviceServes graph features for a directed pair of Users (e.g. how many of User A's following liked Tweets from User B).
Candidate Sourcesearch-indexFind and rank In-Network Tweets. ~50% of Tweets come from this candidate source.
cr-mixerCoordination layer for fetching Out-of-Network tweet candidates from underlying compute services.
user-tweet-entity-graph (UTEG)Maintains an in memory User to Tweet interaction graph, and finds candidates based on traversals of this graph. This is built on the GraphJet framework. Several other GraphJet based features and candidate sources are located here.
follow-recommendation-service (FRS)Provides Users with recommendations for accounts to follow, and Tweets from those accounts.
Rankinglight-rankerLight Ranker model used by search index (Earlybird) to rank Tweets.
heavy-rankerNeural network for ranking candidate tweets. One of the main signals used to select timeline Tweets post candidate sourcing.
Tweet mixing & filteringhome-mixerMain service used to construct and serve the Home Timeline. Built on product-mixer.
visibility-filtersResponsible for filtering Twitter content to support legal compliance, improve product quality, increase user trust, protect revenue through the use of hard-filtering, visible product treatments, and coarse-grained downranking.
timelinerankerLegacy service which provides relevance-scored tweets from the Earlybird Search Index and UTEG service.
Software frameworknaviHigh performance, machine learning model serving written in Rust.
product-mixerSoftware framework for building feeds of content.
twmlLegacy machine learning framework built on TensorFlow v1.
We include Bazel BUILD files for most components, but not a top-level BUILD or WORKSPACE file.
Contributing
We invite the community to submit GitHub issues and pull requests for suggestions on improving the recommendation algorithm. We are working on tools to manage these suggestions and sync changes to our internal repository. Any security concerns or issues should be routed to our official bug bounty program through HackerOne. We hope to benefit from the collective intelligence and expertise of the global community in helping us identify issues and suggest improvements, ultimately leading to a better Twitter.
Read our blog on the open source initiative here.
About
Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2023/twitter-recommendation-algorithm
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GitHub - vcpandya/the-algorithm: Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm · GitHub
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Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm is a set of services and jobs that are responsible for constructing and serving the
Home Timeline. For an introduction to how the algorithm works, please refer to our engineering blog. The
diagram below illustrates how major services and jobs interconnect.
These are the main components of the Recommendation Algorithm included in this repository:
TypeComponentDescription
FeatureSimClustersCommunity detection and sparse embeddings into those communities.
TwHINDense knowledge graph embeddings for Users and Tweets.
trust-and-safety-modelsModels for detecting NSFW or abusive content.
real-graphModel to predict the likelihood of a Twitter User interacting with another User.
tweepcredPage-Rank algorithm for calculating Twitter User reputation.
recos-injectorStreaming event processor for building input streams for GraphJet based services.
graph-feature-serviceServes graph features for a directed pair of Users (e.g. how many of User A's following liked Tweets from User B).
Candidate Sourcesearch-indexFind and rank In-Network Tweets. ~50% of Tweets come from this candidate source.
cr-mixerCoordination layer for fetching Out-of-Network tweet candidates from underlying compute services.
user-tweet-entity-graph (UTEG)Maintains an in memory User to Tweet interaction graph, and finds candidates based on traversals of this graph. This is built on the GraphJet framework. Several other GraphJet based features and candidate sources are located here.
follow-recommendation-service (FRS)Provides Users with recommendations for accounts to follow, and Tweets from those accounts.
Rankinglight-rankerLight Ranker model used by search index (Earlybird) to rank Tweets.
heavy-rankerNeural network for ranking candidate tweets. One of the main signals used to select timeline Tweets post candidate sourcing.
Tweet mixing & filteringhome-mixerMain service used to construct and serve the Home Timeline. Built on product-mixer.
visibility-filtersResponsible for filtering Twitter content to support legal compliance, improve product quality, increase user trust, protect revenue through the use of hard-filtering, visible product treatments, and coarse-grained downranking.
timelinerankerLegacy service which provides relevance-scored tweets from the Earlybird Search Index and UTEG service.
Software frameworknaviHigh performance, machine learning model serving written in Rust.
product-mixerSoftware framework for building feeds of content.
twmlLegacy machine learning framework built on TensorFlow v1.
We include Bazel BUILD files for most components, but not a top-level BUILD or WORKSPACE file.
Contributing
We invite the community to submit GitHub issues and pull requests for suggestions on improving the recommendation algorithm. We are working on tools to manage these suggestions and sync changes to our internal repository. Any security concerns or issues should be routed to our official bug bounty program through HackerOne. We hope to benefit from the collective intelligence and expertise of the global community in helping us identify issues and suggest improvements, ultimately leading to a better Twitter.
Read our blog on the open source initiative here.
About
Source code for Twitter's Recommendation Algorithm
blog.twitter.com/engineering/en_us/topics/open-source/2023/twitter-recommendation-algorithm
Resources
Readme
License
Activity
Stars
0 stars
Watchers
0 watching
Forks
0 forks
Report repository
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