fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs - #1077

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pranaygp merged 9 commits into
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fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming
Feb 19, 2026
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fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs#1077
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 16, 2026

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Summary

  • Improve the error message when start(), getRun(), resumeHook(), etc. are called inside a workflow function — now tells users to move the call to a step function or outside the workflow context
  • Fix the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps — it can be called in both workflow and step contexts, but stream operations (write/close) must happen in steps
  • Fix the SKILL.md debugging section: remove non-existent --app-url flag, add npx workflow web <run_id> usage, reorganize examples, and add --json/--help tips

Test plan

  • Verify the updated error message appears when calling start() inside a "use workflow" function
  • Verify SKILL.md accurately reflects the getWritable() behavior documented in get-writable.mdx
  • Verify SKILL.md debugging commands match actual CLI --help output

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

pranaygpand others added 2 commits February 15, 2026 21:20
…w context and fix SKILL.md streaming docs
The workflow stub error now tells users to move calls to a step function or outside the workflow context. Also corrects the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e50a10f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages
NameType
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production533138572
✅ 💻 Local Development556068624
✅ 📦 Local Production556068624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres556068624
✅ 🪟 Windows490352
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds111459165
✅ 📋 Other135021156
Total2496462752817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4804
✅ example4804
✅ express4804
✅ fastify4804
✅ hono4804
✅ nextjs-turbopack5101
✅ nextjs-webpack5101
✅ nitro4804
✅ nuxt4804
❌ sveltekit4714
✅ vite4804
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4903
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4903
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4903
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4453
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4507

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.032s (-7.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.973s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (~)1.004s (~)0.972s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.177s (-59.7% 🟢)1.010s (~)0.833s105.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.259s (-48.3% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.750s108.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.541s (-79.6% 🟢)1.851s (-51.4% 🟢)1.309s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.619s (-38.6% 🟢)1.908s (-22.1% 🟢)1.289s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.654s (-77.5% 🟢)2.047s (-49.1% 🟢)1.393s101.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.106s (~)2.006s (~)0.900s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.107s (~)2.005s (~)0.898s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.445s (+5.0% 🔺)3.014s (+3.4%)0.569s102.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.447s (+6.2% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.566s102.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.229s (-4.8%)2.857s (-6.4% 🟢)0.628s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.293s (-3.2%)3.239s (-0.6%)0.946s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.338s (+1.4%)3.270s (+7.4% 🔺)0.932s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.823s (~)11.020s (~)0.197s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.830s (~)11.021s (~)0.191s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.305s (+0.7%)21.053s (~)0.748s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.315s (+33.2% 🔺)21.056s (+31.2% 🔺)0.741s21.88x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.227s (+16.6% 🔺)22.108s (+15.2% 🔺)0.880s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro23.983s (+24.5% 🔺)25.872s (+26.4% 🔺)1.889s21.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.987s (+59.4% 🔺)30.076s (+53.2% 🔺)1.089s11.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express27.446s (~)28.049s (~)0.603s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro27.447s (-0.6%)28.050s (~)0.602s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.336s (~)51.120s (~)0.784s21.83x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.360s (+33.2% 🔺)51.122s (+34.2% 🔺)0.762s21.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro44.633s (-6.6% 🟢)45.610s (-6.9% 🟢)0.978s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress45.168s (+0.7%)46.140s (+0.7%)0.972s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)45.822s (+3.0%)47.188s (+3.1%)1.366s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro57.065s (-0.6%)57.099s (-1.7%)0.034s21.00x
💻 LocalExpress57.117s (~)58.101s (~)0.984s21.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.262s (~)101.209s (~)0.947s11.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.298s (+32.0% 🔺)101.221s (+32.9% 🔺)0.923s11.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express90.866s (~)91.861s (~)0.995s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro91.268s (-4.6%)92.346s (-5.0% 🟢)1.078s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)91.555s (-1.0%)93.204s (~)1.649s11.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.398s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.606s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.005s (~)0.580s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.348s (-4.5%)3.013s (~)0.665s101.68x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.442s (+5.9% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.571s101.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.496s (-3.2%)3.417s (-2.8%)0.921s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.515s (+8.7% 🔺)3.214s (+2.8%)0.699s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.053s (+73.1% 🔺)5.079s (+66.2% 🔺)1.026s61.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.547s (~)3.007s (~)0.460s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.568s (+1.1%)3.007s (~)0.439s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.871s (+12.2% 🔺)9.280s (+8.8% 🔺)0.409s43.48x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.936s (+7.6% 🔺)9.279s (+2.7%)0.343s43.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.755s (+1.8%)3.570s (+3.0%)0.815s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.831s (+5.4% 🔺)3.669s (+10.3% 🔺)0.838s91.03x
▲ VercelNitro3.091s (+13.4% 🔺)4.129s (+10.0% 🔺)1.038s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.266s (+0.6%)8.021s (~)0.755s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.453s (+2.1%)8.019s (~)0.566s41.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.922s (~)51.130s (~)0.208s17.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.891s (+32.6% 🔺)52.140s (+30.0% 🔺)0.249s17.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.100s (-9.9% 🟢)4.213s (-10.4% 🟢)1.113s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.555s (+30.6% 🔺)6.979s (+32.2% 🔺)1.424s51.79x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.972s (+94.0% 🔺)7.273s (+82.1% 🔺)1.301s61.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.431s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.574s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.004s (~)0.560s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.056s (-10.8% 🟢)2.922s (+6.6% 🔺)0.866s111.44x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.265s (+4.2%)3.013s (+16.1% 🔺)0.748s101.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.897s (-18.0% 🟢)3.815s (-13.7% 🟢)0.918s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.083s (+17.1% 🔺)4.004s (+19.5% 🔺)0.921s81.06x
▲ VercelExpress9.347s (+205.6% 🔺)10.133s (+160.5% 🔺)0.786s33.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.692s (+1.3%)3.007s (~)0.315s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.733s (+2.6%)3.008s (~)0.276s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress9.613s (-16.1% 🟢)10.027s (-16.7% 🟢)0.414s43.57x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.520s (-11.4% 🟢)11.365s (-8.1% 🟢)0.845s33.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.470s (-34.9% 🟢)3.268s (-29.0% 🟢)0.798s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.576s (-0.7%)3.460s (+2.5%)0.884s91.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.619s (+5.6% 🔺)4.670s (+16.3% 🔺)1.051s71.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.646s (-4.2%)8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)0.372s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.942s (+2.0%)8.269s (+3.1%)0.327s41.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro48.203s (-4.6%)49.109s (-3.9%)0.906s16.30x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.615s (-3.5%)51.106s (-3.8%)0.491s16.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.108s (-21.6% 🟢)4.459s (-16.4% 🟢)1.350s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.228s (-16.5% 🟢)4.261s (-11.6% 🟢)1.033s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s (+9.3% 🔺)5.126s (+19.1% 🔺)1.377s61.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.170s (-7.4% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.010s (~)1.016s (~)0.845s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (+1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-7.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.841s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.404s (+11.9% 🔺)2.638s (-8.9% 🟢)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)3.014s (~)0.610s1014.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.434s (+86.2% 🔺)2.608s (+50.4% 🔺)0.001s (~)3.014s (+49.7% 🔺)0.580s1014.29x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.897s (-6.8% 🟢)2.359s (-6.6% 🟢)0.186s (-1.5%)2.999s (-8.5% 🟢)1.101s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.167s (+8.3% 🔺)2.784s (+17.0% 🔺)0.496s (-22.0% 🟢)3.947s (+12.9% 🔺)1.780s101.14x
▲ VercelNitro2.184s (+6.7% 🔺)2.827s (+8.0% 🔺)0.279s (+43.8% 🔺)3.645s (+4.8%)1.460s101.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro6/12
🐘 PostgresExpress8/12
▲ VercelExpress8/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local9/12
Next.js (Turbopack)▲ Vercel12/12
Nitro💻 Local9/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md
- Remove `npx workflow start` from debugging section (args can't easily be passed via CLI)
- Mention --json and --help flags for CLI inspection
- Add reminder to check AI docs for DurableAgent details
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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skill looks solid

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@pranaygp@johnlindquist@VaguelySerious@karthikscale3
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Add copy buttons to all
 blocks\n(function() {\n function addCopyButtons() {\n document.querySelectorAll('pre code').forEach(function(codeBlock) {\n if (codeBlock.parentElement.hasAttribute('data-copy-added')) return;\n codeBlock.parentElement.setAttribute('data-copy-added', 'true');\n \n var btn = document.createElement('button');\n btn.textContent = 'Copy';\n btn.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:4px;right:4px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:11px;background:#4ecdc4;border:none;border-radius:4px;color:#1a1a2e;cursor:pointer;opacity:0.7;transition:opacity 0.2s;';\n btn.onmouseover = function() { this.style.opacity = '1'; };\n btn.onmouseout = function() { this.style.opacity = '0.7'; };\n btn.onclick = function() {\n navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeBlock.textContent).then(function() {\n btn.textContent = 'Copied!';\n setTimeout(function() { btn.textContent = 'Copy'; }, 1500);\n });\n };\n codeBlock.parentElement.style.position = 'relative';\n codeBlock.parentElement.appendChild(btn);\n });\n }\n \n addCopyButtons();\n \n // Re-run on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(addCopyButtons);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks");
}
} catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Add Copy Buttons to Code Blocks]', __e); }
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fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs - #1077

Merged
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming
Feb 19, 2026
Merged

fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs#1077
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 16, 2026

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Summary

  • Improve the error message when start(), getRun(), resumeHook(), etc. are called inside a workflow function — now tells users to move the call to a step function or outside the workflow context
  • Fix the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps — it can be called in both workflow and step contexts, but stream operations (write/close) must happen in steps
  • Fix the SKILL.md debugging section: remove non-existent --app-url flag, add npx workflow web <run_id> usage, reorganize examples, and add --json/--help tips

Test plan

  • Verify the updated error message appears when calling start() inside a "use workflow" function
  • Verify SKILL.md accurately reflects the getWritable() behavior documented in get-writable.mdx
  • Verify SKILL.md debugging commands match actual CLI --help output

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

pranaygpand others added 2 commits February 15, 2026 21:20
…w context and fix SKILL.md streaming docs
The workflow stub error now tells users to move calls to a step function or outside the workflow context. Also corrects the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Feb 16, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e50a10f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages
NameType
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production533138572
✅ 💻 Local Development556068624
✅ 📦 Local Production556068624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres556068624
✅ 🪟 Windows490352
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds111459165
✅ 📋 Other135021156
Total2496462752817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4804
✅ example4804
✅ express4804
✅ fastify4804
✅ hono4804
✅ nextjs-turbopack5101
✅ nextjs-webpack5101
✅ nitro4804
✅ nuxt4804
❌ sveltekit4714
✅ vite4804
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4903
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4903
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4903
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4453
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4507

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.032s (-7.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.973s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (~)1.004s (~)0.972s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.177s (-59.7% 🟢)1.010s (~)0.833s105.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.259s (-48.3% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.750s108.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.541s (-79.6% 🟢)1.851s (-51.4% 🟢)1.309s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.619s (-38.6% 🟢)1.908s (-22.1% 🟢)1.289s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.654s (-77.5% 🟢)2.047s (-49.1% 🟢)1.393s101.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.106s (~)2.006s (~)0.900s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.107s (~)2.005s (~)0.898s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.445s (+5.0% 🔺)3.014s (+3.4%)0.569s102.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.447s (+6.2% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.566s102.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.229s (-4.8%)2.857s (-6.4% 🟢)0.628s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.293s (-3.2%)3.239s (-0.6%)0.946s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.338s (+1.4%)3.270s (+7.4% 🔺)0.932s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.823s (~)11.020s (~)0.197s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.830s (~)11.021s (~)0.191s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.305s (+0.7%)21.053s (~)0.748s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.315s (+33.2% 🔺)21.056s (+31.2% 🔺)0.741s21.88x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.227s (+16.6% 🔺)22.108s (+15.2% 🔺)0.880s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro23.983s (+24.5% 🔺)25.872s (+26.4% 🔺)1.889s21.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.987s (+59.4% 🔺)30.076s (+53.2% 🔺)1.089s11.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express27.446s (~)28.049s (~)0.603s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro27.447s (-0.6%)28.050s (~)0.602s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.336s (~)51.120s (~)0.784s21.83x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.360s (+33.2% 🔺)51.122s (+34.2% 🔺)0.762s21.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro44.633s (-6.6% 🟢)45.610s (-6.9% 🟢)0.978s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress45.168s (+0.7%)46.140s (+0.7%)0.972s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)45.822s (+3.0%)47.188s (+3.1%)1.366s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro57.065s (-0.6%)57.099s (-1.7%)0.034s21.00x
💻 LocalExpress57.117s (~)58.101s (~)0.984s21.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.262s (~)101.209s (~)0.947s11.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.298s (+32.0% 🔺)101.221s (+32.9% 🔺)0.923s11.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express90.866s (~)91.861s (~)0.995s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro91.268s (-4.6%)92.346s (-5.0% 🟢)1.078s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)91.555s (-1.0%)93.204s (~)1.649s11.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.398s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.606s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.005s (~)0.580s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.348s (-4.5%)3.013s (~)0.665s101.68x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.442s (+5.9% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.571s101.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.496s (-3.2%)3.417s (-2.8%)0.921s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.515s (+8.7% 🔺)3.214s (+2.8%)0.699s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.053s (+73.1% 🔺)5.079s (+66.2% 🔺)1.026s61.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.547s (~)3.007s (~)0.460s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.568s (+1.1%)3.007s (~)0.439s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.871s (+12.2% 🔺)9.280s (+8.8% 🔺)0.409s43.48x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.936s (+7.6% 🔺)9.279s (+2.7%)0.343s43.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.755s (+1.8%)3.570s (+3.0%)0.815s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.831s (+5.4% 🔺)3.669s (+10.3% 🔺)0.838s91.03x
▲ VercelNitro3.091s (+13.4% 🔺)4.129s (+10.0% 🔺)1.038s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.266s (+0.6%)8.021s (~)0.755s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.453s (+2.1%)8.019s (~)0.566s41.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.922s (~)51.130s (~)0.208s17.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.891s (+32.6% 🔺)52.140s (+30.0% 🔺)0.249s17.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.100s (-9.9% 🟢)4.213s (-10.4% 🟢)1.113s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.555s (+30.6% 🔺)6.979s (+32.2% 🔺)1.424s51.79x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.972s (+94.0% 🔺)7.273s (+82.1% 🔺)1.301s61.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.431s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.574s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.004s (~)0.560s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.056s (-10.8% 🟢)2.922s (+6.6% 🔺)0.866s111.44x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.265s (+4.2%)3.013s (+16.1% 🔺)0.748s101.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.897s (-18.0% 🟢)3.815s (-13.7% 🟢)0.918s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.083s (+17.1% 🔺)4.004s (+19.5% 🔺)0.921s81.06x
▲ VercelExpress9.347s (+205.6% 🔺)10.133s (+160.5% 🔺)0.786s33.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.692s (+1.3%)3.007s (~)0.315s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.733s (+2.6%)3.008s (~)0.276s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress9.613s (-16.1% 🟢)10.027s (-16.7% 🟢)0.414s43.57x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.520s (-11.4% 🟢)11.365s (-8.1% 🟢)0.845s33.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.470s (-34.9% 🟢)3.268s (-29.0% 🟢)0.798s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.576s (-0.7%)3.460s (+2.5%)0.884s91.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.619s (+5.6% 🔺)4.670s (+16.3% 🔺)1.051s71.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.646s (-4.2%)8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)0.372s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.942s (+2.0%)8.269s (+3.1%)0.327s41.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro48.203s (-4.6%)49.109s (-3.9%)0.906s16.30x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.615s (-3.5%)51.106s (-3.8%)0.491s16.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.108s (-21.6% 🟢)4.459s (-16.4% 🟢)1.350s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.228s (-16.5% 🟢)4.261s (-11.6% 🟢)1.033s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s (+9.3% 🔺)5.126s (+19.1% 🔺)1.377s61.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.170s (-7.4% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.010s (~)1.016s (~)0.845s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (+1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-7.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.841s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.404s (+11.9% 🔺)2.638s (-8.9% 🟢)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)3.014s (~)0.610s1014.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.434s (+86.2% 🔺)2.608s (+50.4% 🔺)0.001s (~)3.014s (+49.7% 🔺)0.580s1014.29x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.897s (-6.8% 🟢)2.359s (-6.6% 🟢)0.186s (-1.5%)2.999s (-8.5% 🟢)1.101s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.167s (+8.3% 🔺)2.784s (+17.0% 🔺)0.496s (-22.0% 🟢)3.947s (+12.9% 🔺)1.780s101.14x
▲ VercelNitro2.184s (+6.7% 🔺)2.827s (+8.0% 🔺)0.279s (+43.8% 🔺)3.645s (+4.8%)1.460s101.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro6/12
🐘 PostgresExpress8/12
▲ VercelExpress8/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local9/12
Next.js (Turbopack)▲ Vercel12/12
Nitro💻 Local9/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md
- Remove `npx workflow start` from debugging section (args can't easily be passed via CLI)
- Mention --json and --help flags for CLI inspection
- Add reminder to check AI docs for DurableAgent details
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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skill looks solid

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@pranaygp@johnlindquist@VaguelySerious@karthikscale3
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs - #1077

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pranaygp merged 9 commits into
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fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming
Feb 19, 2026
Merged

fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs#1077
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 16, 2026

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Summary

  • Improve the error message when start(), getRun(), resumeHook(), etc. are called inside a workflow function — now tells users to move the call to a step function or outside the workflow context
  • Fix the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps — it can be called in both workflow and step contexts, but stream operations (write/close) must happen in steps
  • Fix the SKILL.md debugging section: remove non-existent --app-url flag, add npx workflow web <run_id> usage, reorganize examples, and add --json/--help tips

Test plan

  • Verify the updated error message appears when calling start() inside a "use workflow" function
  • Verify SKILL.md accurately reflects the getWritable() behavior documented in get-writable.mdx
  • Verify SKILL.md debugging commands match actual CLI --help output

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

pranaygpand others added 2 commits February 15, 2026 21:20
…w context and fix SKILL.md streaming docs
The workflow stub error now tells users to move calls to a step function or outside the workflow context. Also corrects the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@changeset-bot

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e50a10f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages
NameType
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production533138572
✅ 💻 Local Development556068624
✅ 📦 Local Production556068624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres556068624
✅ 🪟 Windows490352
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds111459165
✅ 📋 Other135021156
Total2496462752817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4804
✅ example4804
✅ express4804
✅ fastify4804
✅ hono4804
✅ nextjs-turbopack5101
✅ nextjs-webpack5101
✅ nitro4804
✅ nuxt4804
❌ sveltekit4714
✅ vite4804
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4903
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4903
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4903
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4453
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4507

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.032s (-7.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.973s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (~)1.004s (~)0.972s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.177s (-59.7% 🟢)1.010s (~)0.833s105.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.259s (-48.3% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.750s108.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.541s (-79.6% 🟢)1.851s (-51.4% 🟢)1.309s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.619s (-38.6% 🟢)1.908s (-22.1% 🟢)1.289s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.654s (-77.5% 🟢)2.047s (-49.1% 🟢)1.393s101.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.106s (~)2.006s (~)0.900s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.107s (~)2.005s (~)0.898s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.445s (+5.0% 🔺)3.014s (+3.4%)0.569s102.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.447s (+6.2% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.566s102.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.229s (-4.8%)2.857s (-6.4% 🟢)0.628s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.293s (-3.2%)3.239s (-0.6%)0.946s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.338s (+1.4%)3.270s (+7.4% 🔺)0.932s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.823s (~)11.020s (~)0.197s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.830s (~)11.021s (~)0.191s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.305s (+0.7%)21.053s (~)0.748s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.315s (+33.2% 🔺)21.056s (+31.2% 🔺)0.741s21.88x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.227s (+16.6% 🔺)22.108s (+15.2% 🔺)0.880s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro23.983s (+24.5% 🔺)25.872s (+26.4% 🔺)1.889s21.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.987s (+59.4% 🔺)30.076s (+53.2% 🔺)1.089s11.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express27.446s (~)28.049s (~)0.603s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro27.447s (-0.6%)28.050s (~)0.602s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.336s (~)51.120s (~)0.784s21.83x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.360s (+33.2% 🔺)51.122s (+34.2% 🔺)0.762s21.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro44.633s (-6.6% 🟢)45.610s (-6.9% 🟢)0.978s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress45.168s (+0.7%)46.140s (+0.7%)0.972s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)45.822s (+3.0%)47.188s (+3.1%)1.366s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro57.065s (-0.6%)57.099s (-1.7%)0.034s21.00x
💻 LocalExpress57.117s (~)58.101s (~)0.984s21.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.262s (~)101.209s (~)0.947s11.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.298s (+32.0% 🔺)101.221s (+32.9% 🔺)0.923s11.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express90.866s (~)91.861s (~)0.995s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro91.268s (-4.6%)92.346s (-5.0% 🟢)1.078s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)91.555s (-1.0%)93.204s (~)1.649s11.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.398s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.606s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.005s (~)0.580s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.348s (-4.5%)3.013s (~)0.665s101.68x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.442s (+5.9% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.571s101.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.496s (-3.2%)3.417s (-2.8%)0.921s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.515s (+8.7% 🔺)3.214s (+2.8%)0.699s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.053s (+73.1% 🔺)5.079s (+66.2% 🔺)1.026s61.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.547s (~)3.007s (~)0.460s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.568s (+1.1%)3.007s (~)0.439s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.871s (+12.2% 🔺)9.280s (+8.8% 🔺)0.409s43.48x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.936s (+7.6% 🔺)9.279s (+2.7%)0.343s43.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.755s (+1.8%)3.570s (+3.0%)0.815s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.831s (+5.4% 🔺)3.669s (+10.3% 🔺)0.838s91.03x
▲ VercelNitro3.091s (+13.4% 🔺)4.129s (+10.0% 🔺)1.038s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.266s (+0.6%)8.021s (~)0.755s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.453s (+2.1%)8.019s (~)0.566s41.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.922s (~)51.130s (~)0.208s17.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.891s (+32.6% 🔺)52.140s (+30.0% 🔺)0.249s17.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.100s (-9.9% 🟢)4.213s (-10.4% 🟢)1.113s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.555s (+30.6% 🔺)6.979s (+32.2% 🔺)1.424s51.79x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.972s (+94.0% 🔺)7.273s (+82.1% 🔺)1.301s61.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.431s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.574s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.004s (~)0.560s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.056s (-10.8% 🟢)2.922s (+6.6% 🔺)0.866s111.44x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.265s (+4.2%)3.013s (+16.1% 🔺)0.748s101.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.897s (-18.0% 🟢)3.815s (-13.7% 🟢)0.918s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.083s (+17.1% 🔺)4.004s (+19.5% 🔺)0.921s81.06x
▲ VercelExpress9.347s (+205.6% 🔺)10.133s (+160.5% 🔺)0.786s33.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.692s (+1.3%)3.007s (~)0.315s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.733s (+2.6%)3.008s (~)0.276s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress9.613s (-16.1% 🟢)10.027s (-16.7% 🟢)0.414s43.57x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.520s (-11.4% 🟢)11.365s (-8.1% 🟢)0.845s33.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.470s (-34.9% 🟢)3.268s (-29.0% 🟢)0.798s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.576s (-0.7%)3.460s (+2.5%)0.884s91.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.619s (+5.6% 🔺)4.670s (+16.3% 🔺)1.051s71.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.646s (-4.2%)8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)0.372s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.942s (+2.0%)8.269s (+3.1%)0.327s41.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro48.203s (-4.6%)49.109s (-3.9%)0.906s16.30x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.615s (-3.5%)51.106s (-3.8%)0.491s16.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.108s (-21.6% 🟢)4.459s (-16.4% 🟢)1.350s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.228s (-16.5% 🟢)4.261s (-11.6% 🟢)1.033s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s (+9.3% 🔺)5.126s (+19.1% 🔺)1.377s61.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.170s (-7.4% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.010s (~)1.016s (~)0.845s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (+1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-7.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.841s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.404s (+11.9% 🔺)2.638s (-8.9% 🟢)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)3.014s (~)0.610s1014.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.434s (+86.2% 🔺)2.608s (+50.4% 🔺)0.001s (~)3.014s (+49.7% 🔺)0.580s1014.29x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.897s (-6.8% 🟢)2.359s (-6.6% 🟢)0.186s (-1.5%)2.999s (-8.5% 🟢)1.101s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.167s (+8.3% 🔺)2.784s (+17.0% 🔺)0.496s (-22.0% 🟢)3.947s (+12.9% 🔺)1.780s101.14x
▲ VercelNitro2.184s (+6.7% 🔺)2.827s (+8.0% 🔺)0.279s (+43.8% 🔺)3.645s (+4.8%)1.460s101.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro6/12
🐘 PostgresExpress8/12
▲ VercelExpress8/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local9/12
Next.js (Turbopack)▲ Vercel12/12
Nitro💻 Local9/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md
- Remove `npx workflow start` from debugging section (args can't easily be passed via CLI)
- Mention --json and --help flags for CLI inspection
- Add reminder to check AI docs for DurableAgent details
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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skill looks solid

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@pranaygp@johnlindquist@VaguelySerious@karthikscale3
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs - #1077

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pranaygp merged 9 commits into
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fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming
Feb 19, 2026
Merged

fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs#1077
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 16, 2026

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Summary

  • Improve the error message when start(), getRun(), resumeHook(), etc. are called inside a workflow function — now tells users to move the call to a step function or outside the workflow context
  • Fix the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps — it can be called in both workflow and step contexts, but stream operations (write/close) must happen in steps
  • Fix the SKILL.md debugging section: remove non-existent --app-url flag, add npx workflow web <run_id> usage, reorganize examples, and add --json/--help tips

Test plan

  • Verify the updated error message appears when calling start() inside a "use workflow" function
  • Verify SKILL.md accurately reflects the getWritable() behavior documented in get-writable.mdx
  • Verify SKILL.md debugging commands match actual CLI --help output

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

pranaygpand others added 2 commits February 15, 2026 21:20
…w context and fix SKILL.md streaming docs
The workflow stub error now tells users to move calls to a step function or outside the workflow context. Also corrects the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e50a10f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages
NameType
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production533138572
✅ 💻 Local Development556068624
✅ 📦 Local Production556068624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres556068624
✅ 🪟 Windows490352
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds111459165
✅ 📋 Other135021156
Total2496462752817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4804
✅ example4804
✅ express4804
✅ fastify4804
✅ hono4804
✅ nextjs-turbopack5101
✅ nextjs-webpack5101
✅ nitro4804
✅ nuxt4804
❌ sveltekit4714
✅ vite4804
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4903
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4903
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4903
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4453
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4507

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.032s (-7.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.973s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (~)1.004s (~)0.972s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.177s (-59.7% 🟢)1.010s (~)0.833s105.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.259s (-48.3% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.750s108.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.541s (-79.6% 🟢)1.851s (-51.4% 🟢)1.309s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.619s (-38.6% 🟢)1.908s (-22.1% 🟢)1.289s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.654s (-77.5% 🟢)2.047s (-49.1% 🟢)1.393s101.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.106s (~)2.006s (~)0.900s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.107s (~)2.005s (~)0.898s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.445s (+5.0% 🔺)3.014s (+3.4%)0.569s102.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.447s (+6.2% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.566s102.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.229s (-4.8%)2.857s (-6.4% 🟢)0.628s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.293s (-3.2%)3.239s (-0.6%)0.946s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.338s (+1.4%)3.270s (+7.4% 🔺)0.932s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.823s (~)11.020s (~)0.197s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.830s (~)11.021s (~)0.191s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.305s (+0.7%)21.053s (~)0.748s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.315s (+33.2% 🔺)21.056s (+31.2% 🔺)0.741s21.88x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.227s (+16.6% 🔺)22.108s (+15.2% 🔺)0.880s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro23.983s (+24.5% 🔺)25.872s (+26.4% 🔺)1.889s21.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.987s (+59.4% 🔺)30.076s (+53.2% 🔺)1.089s11.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express27.446s (~)28.049s (~)0.603s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro27.447s (-0.6%)28.050s (~)0.602s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.336s (~)51.120s (~)0.784s21.83x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.360s (+33.2% 🔺)51.122s (+34.2% 🔺)0.762s21.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro44.633s (-6.6% 🟢)45.610s (-6.9% 🟢)0.978s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress45.168s (+0.7%)46.140s (+0.7%)0.972s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)45.822s (+3.0%)47.188s (+3.1%)1.366s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro57.065s (-0.6%)57.099s (-1.7%)0.034s21.00x
💻 LocalExpress57.117s (~)58.101s (~)0.984s21.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.262s (~)101.209s (~)0.947s11.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.298s (+32.0% 🔺)101.221s (+32.9% 🔺)0.923s11.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express90.866s (~)91.861s (~)0.995s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro91.268s (-4.6%)92.346s (-5.0% 🟢)1.078s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)91.555s (-1.0%)93.204s (~)1.649s11.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.398s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.606s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.005s (~)0.580s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.348s (-4.5%)3.013s (~)0.665s101.68x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.442s (+5.9% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.571s101.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.496s (-3.2%)3.417s (-2.8%)0.921s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.515s (+8.7% 🔺)3.214s (+2.8%)0.699s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.053s (+73.1% 🔺)5.079s (+66.2% 🔺)1.026s61.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.547s (~)3.007s (~)0.460s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.568s (+1.1%)3.007s (~)0.439s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.871s (+12.2% 🔺)9.280s (+8.8% 🔺)0.409s43.48x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.936s (+7.6% 🔺)9.279s (+2.7%)0.343s43.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.755s (+1.8%)3.570s (+3.0%)0.815s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.831s (+5.4% 🔺)3.669s (+10.3% 🔺)0.838s91.03x
▲ VercelNitro3.091s (+13.4% 🔺)4.129s (+10.0% 🔺)1.038s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.266s (+0.6%)8.021s (~)0.755s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.453s (+2.1%)8.019s (~)0.566s41.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.922s (~)51.130s (~)0.208s17.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.891s (+32.6% 🔺)52.140s (+30.0% 🔺)0.249s17.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.100s (-9.9% 🟢)4.213s (-10.4% 🟢)1.113s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.555s (+30.6% 🔺)6.979s (+32.2% 🔺)1.424s51.79x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.972s (+94.0% 🔺)7.273s (+82.1% 🔺)1.301s61.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.431s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.574s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.004s (~)0.560s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.056s (-10.8% 🟢)2.922s (+6.6% 🔺)0.866s111.44x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.265s (+4.2%)3.013s (+16.1% 🔺)0.748s101.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.897s (-18.0% 🟢)3.815s (-13.7% 🟢)0.918s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.083s (+17.1% 🔺)4.004s (+19.5% 🔺)0.921s81.06x
▲ VercelExpress9.347s (+205.6% 🔺)10.133s (+160.5% 🔺)0.786s33.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.692s (+1.3%)3.007s (~)0.315s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.733s (+2.6%)3.008s (~)0.276s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress9.613s (-16.1% 🟢)10.027s (-16.7% 🟢)0.414s43.57x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.520s (-11.4% 🟢)11.365s (-8.1% 🟢)0.845s33.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.470s (-34.9% 🟢)3.268s (-29.0% 🟢)0.798s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.576s (-0.7%)3.460s (+2.5%)0.884s91.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.619s (+5.6% 🔺)4.670s (+16.3% 🔺)1.051s71.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.646s (-4.2%)8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)0.372s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.942s (+2.0%)8.269s (+3.1%)0.327s41.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro48.203s (-4.6%)49.109s (-3.9%)0.906s16.30x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.615s (-3.5%)51.106s (-3.8%)0.491s16.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.108s (-21.6% 🟢)4.459s (-16.4% 🟢)1.350s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.228s (-16.5% 🟢)4.261s (-11.6% 🟢)1.033s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s (+9.3% 🔺)5.126s (+19.1% 🔺)1.377s61.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.170s (-7.4% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.010s (~)1.016s (~)0.845s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (+1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-7.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.841s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.404s (+11.9% 🔺)2.638s (-8.9% 🟢)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)3.014s (~)0.610s1014.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.434s (+86.2% 🔺)2.608s (+50.4% 🔺)0.001s (~)3.014s (+49.7% 🔺)0.580s1014.29x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.897s (-6.8% 🟢)2.359s (-6.6% 🟢)0.186s (-1.5%)2.999s (-8.5% 🟢)1.101s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.167s (+8.3% 🔺)2.784s (+17.0% 🔺)0.496s (-22.0% 🟢)3.947s (+12.9% 🔺)1.780s101.14x
▲ VercelNitro2.184s (+6.7% 🔺)2.827s (+8.0% 🔺)0.279s (+43.8% 🔺)3.645s (+4.8%)1.460s101.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro6/12
🐘 PostgresExpress8/12
▲ VercelExpress8/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local9/12
Next.js (Turbopack)▲ Vercel12/12
Nitro💻 Local9/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md
- Remove `npx workflow start` from debugging section (args can't easily be passed via CLI)
- Mention --json and --help flags for CLI inspection
- Add reminder to check AI docs for DurableAgent details
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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skill looks solid

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@pranaygp@johnlindquist@VaguelySerious@karthikscale3
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
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fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs - #1077

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pranaygp merged 9 commits into
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fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming
Feb 19, 2026
Merged

fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs#1077
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 16, 2026

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Summary

  • Improve the error message when start(), getRun(), resumeHook(), etc. are called inside a workflow function — now tells users to move the call to a step function or outside the workflow context
  • Fix the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps — it can be called in both workflow and step contexts, but stream operations (write/close) must happen in steps
  • Fix the SKILL.md debugging section: remove non-existent --app-url flag, add npx workflow web <run_id> usage, reorganize examples, and add --json/--help tips

Test plan

  • Verify the updated error message appears when calling start() inside a "use workflow" function
  • Verify SKILL.md accurately reflects the getWritable() behavior documented in get-writable.mdx
  • Verify SKILL.md debugging commands match actual CLI --help output

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

pranaygpand others added 2 commits February 15, 2026 21:20
…w context and fix SKILL.md streaming docs
The workflow stub error now tells users to move calls to a step function or outside the workflow context. Also corrects the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e50a10f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages
NameType
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production533138572
✅ 💻 Local Development556068624
✅ 📦 Local Production556068624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres556068624
✅ 🪟 Windows490352
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds111459165
✅ 📋 Other135021156
Total2496462752817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4804
✅ example4804
✅ express4804
✅ fastify4804
✅ hono4804
✅ nextjs-turbopack5101
✅ nextjs-webpack5101
✅ nitro4804
✅ nuxt4804
❌ sveltekit4714
✅ vite4804
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4903
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4903
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4903
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4453
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4507

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.032s (-7.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.973s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (~)1.004s (~)0.972s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.177s (-59.7% 🟢)1.010s (~)0.833s105.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.259s (-48.3% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.750s108.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.541s (-79.6% 🟢)1.851s (-51.4% 🟢)1.309s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.619s (-38.6% 🟢)1.908s (-22.1% 🟢)1.289s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.654s (-77.5% 🟢)2.047s (-49.1% 🟢)1.393s101.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.106s (~)2.006s (~)0.900s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.107s (~)2.005s (~)0.898s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.445s (+5.0% 🔺)3.014s (+3.4%)0.569s102.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.447s (+6.2% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.566s102.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.229s (-4.8%)2.857s (-6.4% 🟢)0.628s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.293s (-3.2%)3.239s (-0.6%)0.946s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.338s (+1.4%)3.270s (+7.4% 🔺)0.932s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.823s (~)11.020s (~)0.197s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.830s (~)11.021s (~)0.191s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.305s (+0.7%)21.053s (~)0.748s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.315s (+33.2% 🔺)21.056s (+31.2% 🔺)0.741s21.88x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.227s (+16.6% 🔺)22.108s (+15.2% 🔺)0.880s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro23.983s (+24.5% 🔺)25.872s (+26.4% 🔺)1.889s21.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.987s (+59.4% 🔺)30.076s (+53.2% 🔺)1.089s11.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express27.446s (~)28.049s (~)0.603s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro27.447s (-0.6%)28.050s (~)0.602s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.336s (~)51.120s (~)0.784s21.83x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.360s (+33.2% 🔺)51.122s (+34.2% 🔺)0.762s21.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro44.633s (-6.6% 🟢)45.610s (-6.9% 🟢)0.978s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress45.168s (+0.7%)46.140s (+0.7%)0.972s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)45.822s (+3.0%)47.188s (+3.1%)1.366s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro57.065s (-0.6%)57.099s (-1.7%)0.034s21.00x
💻 LocalExpress57.117s (~)58.101s (~)0.984s21.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.262s (~)101.209s (~)0.947s11.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.298s (+32.0% 🔺)101.221s (+32.9% 🔺)0.923s11.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express90.866s (~)91.861s (~)0.995s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro91.268s (-4.6%)92.346s (-5.0% 🟢)1.078s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)91.555s (-1.0%)93.204s (~)1.649s11.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.398s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.606s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.005s (~)0.580s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.348s (-4.5%)3.013s (~)0.665s101.68x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.442s (+5.9% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.571s101.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.496s (-3.2%)3.417s (-2.8%)0.921s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.515s (+8.7% 🔺)3.214s (+2.8%)0.699s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.053s (+73.1% 🔺)5.079s (+66.2% 🔺)1.026s61.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.547s (~)3.007s (~)0.460s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.568s (+1.1%)3.007s (~)0.439s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.871s (+12.2% 🔺)9.280s (+8.8% 🔺)0.409s43.48x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.936s (+7.6% 🔺)9.279s (+2.7%)0.343s43.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.755s (+1.8%)3.570s (+3.0%)0.815s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.831s (+5.4% 🔺)3.669s (+10.3% 🔺)0.838s91.03x
▲ VercelNitro3.091s (+13.4% 🔺)4.129s (+10.0% 🔺)1.038s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.266s (+0.6%)8.021s (~)0.755s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.453s (+2.1%)8.019s (~)0.566s41.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.922s (~)51.130s (~)0.208s17.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.891s (+32.6% 🔺)52.140s (+30.0% 🔺)0.249s17.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.100s (-9.9% 🟢)4.213s (-10.4% 🟢)1.113s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.555s (+30.6% 🔺)6.979s (+32.2% 🔺)1.424s51.79x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.972s (+94.0% 🔺)7.273s (+82.1% 🔺)1.301s61.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.431s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.574s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.004s (~)0.560s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.056s (-10.8% 🟢)2.922s (+6.6% 🔺)0.866s111.44x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.265s (+4.2%)3.013s (+16.1% 🔺)0.748s101.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.897s (-18.0% 🟢)3.815s (-13.7% 🟢)0.918s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.083s (+17.1% 🔺)4.004s (+19.5% 🔺)0.921s81.06x
▲ VercelExpress9.347s (+205.6% 🔺)10.133s (+160.5% 🔺)0.786s33.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.692s (+1.3%)3.007s (~)0.315s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.733s (+2.6%)3.008s (~)0.276s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress9.613s (-16.1% 🟢)10.027s (-16.7% 🟢)0.414s43.57x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.520s (-11.4% 🟢)11.365s (-8.1% 🟢)0.845s33.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.470s (-34.9% 🟢)3.268s (-29.0% 🟢)0.798s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.576s (-0.7%)3.460s (+2.5%)0.884s91.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.619s (+5.6% 🔺)4.670s (+16.3% 🔺)1.051s71.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.646s (-4.2%)8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)0.372s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.942s (+2.0%)8.269s (+3.1%)0.327s41.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro48.203s (-4.6%)49.109s (-3.9%)0.906s16.30x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.615s (-3.5%)51.106s (-3.8%)0.491s16.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.108s (-21.6% 🟢)4.459s (-16.4% 🟢)1.350s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.228s (-16.5% 🟢)4.261s (-11.6% 🟢)1.033s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s (+9.3% 🔺)5.126s (+19.1% 🔺)1.377s61.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.170s (-7.4% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.010s (~)1.016s (~)0.845s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (+1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-7.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.841s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.404s (+11.9% 🔺)2.638s (-8.9% 🟢)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)3.014s (~)0.610s1014.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.434s (+86.2% 🔺)2.608s (+50.4% 🔺)0.001s (~)3.014s (+49.7% 🔺)0.580s1014.29x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.897s (-6.8% 🟢)2.359s (-6.6% 🟢)0.186s (-1.5%)2.999s (-8.5% 🟢)1.101s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.167s (+8.3% 🔺)2.784s (+17.0% 🔺)0.496s (-22.0% 🟢)3.947s (+12.9% 🔺)1.780s101.14x
▲ VercelNitro2.184s (+6.7% 🔺)2.827s (+8.0% 🔺)0.279s (+43.8% 🔺)3.645s (+4.8%)1.460s101.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro6/12
🐘 PostgresExpress8/12
▲ VercelExpress8/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local9/12
Next.js (Turbopack)▲ Vercel12/12
Nitro💻 Local9/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md
- Remove `npx workflow start` from debugging section (args can't easily be passed via CLI)
- Mention --json and --help flags for CLI inspection
- Add reminder to check AI docs for DurableAgent details
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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skill looks solid

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@pranaygp@johnlindquist@VaguelySerious@karthikscale3
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube\n(function() {\n function tryTheater() {\n var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label=\"Theater mode\"], ytd-player #player button[title=\"Theater mode\"]');\n if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) {\n btn.click();\n }\n }\n \n // Try immediately\n tryTheater();\n \n // Try after navigation (SPA)\n var lastUrl = location.href;\n setInterval(function() {\n if (location.href !== lastUrl) {\n lastUrl = location.href;\n setTimeout(tryTheater, 500);\n }\n }, 1000);\n \n // Also try on player load\n var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "YouTube Theater Mode Default"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
Skip to content

fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs - #1077

Merged
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
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fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming
Feb 19, 2026
Merged

fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs#1077
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 16, 2026

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Summary

  • Improve the error message when start(), getRun(), resumeHook(), etc. are called inside a workflow function — now tells users to move the call to a step function or outside the workflow context
  • Fix the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps — it can be called in both workflow and step contexts, but stream operations (write/close) must happen in steps
  • Fix the SKILL.md debugging section: remove non-existent --app-url flag, add npx workflow web <run_id> usage, reorganize examples, and add --json/--help tips

Test plan

  • Verify the updated error message appears when calling start() inside a "use workflow" function
  • Verify SKILL.md accurately reflects the getWritable() behavior documented in get-writable.mdx
  • Verify SKILL.md debugging commands match actual CLI --help output

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

pranaygpand others added 2 commits February 15, 2026 21:20
…w context and fix SKILL.md streaming docs
The workflow stub error now tells users to move calls to a step function or outside the workflow context. Also corrects the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Feb 16, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e50a10f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages
NameType
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production533138572
✅ 💻 Local Development556068624
✅ 📦 Local Production556068624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres556068624
✅ 🪟 Windows490352
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds111459165
✅ 📋 Other135021156
Total2496462752817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4804
✅ example4804
✅ express4804
✅ fastify4804
✅ hono4804
✅ nextjs-turbopack5101
✅ nextjs-webpack5101
✅ nitro4804
✅ nuxt4804
❌ sveltekit4714
✅ vite4804
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4903
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4903
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4903
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4453
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4507

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.032s (-7.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.973s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (~)1.004s (~)0.972s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.177s (-59.7% 🟢)1.010s (~)0.833s105.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.259s (-48.3% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.750s108.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.541s (-79.6% 🟢)1.851s (-51.4% 🟢)1.309s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.619s (-38.6% 🟢)1.908s (-22.1% 🟢)1.289s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.654s (-77.5% 🟢)2.047s (-49.1% 🟢)1.393s101.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.106s (~)2.006s (~)0.900s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.107s (~)2.005s (~)0.898s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.445s (+5.0% 🔺)3.014s (+3.4%)0.569s102.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.447s (+6.2% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.566s102.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.229s (-4.8%)2.857s (-6.4% 🟢)0.628s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.293s (-3.2%)3.239s (-0.6%)0.946s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.338s (+1.4%)3.270s (+7.4% 🔺)0.932s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.823s (~)11.020s (~)0.197s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.830s (~)11.021s (~)0.191s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.305s (+0.7%)21.053s (~)0.748s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.315s (+33.2% 🔺)21.056s (+31.2% 🔺)0.741s21.88x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.227s (+16.6% 🔺)22.108s (+15.2% 🔺)0.880s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro23.983s (+24.5% 🔺)25.872s (+26.4% 🔺)1.889s21.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.987s (+59.4% 🔺)30.076s (+53.2% 🔺)1.089s11.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express27.446s (~)28.049s (~)0.603s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro27.447s (-0.6%)28.050s (~)0.602s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.336s (~)51.120s (~)0.784s21.83x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.360s (+33.2% 🔺)51.122s (+34.2% 🔺)0.762s21.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro44.633s (-6.6% 🟢)45.610s (-6.9% 🟢)0.978s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress45.168s (+0.7%)46.140s (+0.7%)0.972s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)45.822s (+3.0%)47.188s (+3.1%)1.366s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro57.065s (-0.6%)57.099s (-1.7%)0.034s21.00x
💻 LocalExpress57.117s (~)58.101s (~)0.984s21.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.262s (~)101.209s (~)0.947s11.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.298s (+32.0% 🔺)101.221s (+32.9% 🔺)0.923s11.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express90.866s (~)91.861s (~)0.995s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro91.268s (-4.6%)92.346s (-5.0% 🟢)1.078s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)91.555s (-1.0%)93.204s (~)1.649s11.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.398s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.606s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.005s (~)0.580s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.348s (-4.5%)3.013s (~)0.665s101.68x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.442s (+5.9% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.571s101.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.496s (-3.2%)3.417s (-2.8%)0.921s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.515s (+8.7% 🔺)3.214s (+2.8%)0.699s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.053s (+73.1% 🔺)5.079s (+66.2% 🔺)1.026s61.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.547s (~)3.007s (~)0.460s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.568s (+1.1%)3.007s (~)0.439s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.871s (+12.2% 🔺)9.280s (+8.8% 🔺)0.409s43.48x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.936s (+7.6% 🔺)9.279s (+2.7%)0.343s43.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.755s (+1.8%)3.570s (+3.0%)0.815s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.831s (+5.4% 🔺)3.669s (+10.3% 🔺)0.838s91.03x
▲ VercelNitro3.091s (+13.4% 🔺)4.129s (+10.0% 🔺)1.038s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.266s (+0.6%)8.021s (~)0.755s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.453s (+2.1%)8.019s (~)0.566s41.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.922s (~)51.130s (~)0.208s17.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.891s (+32.6% 🔺)52.140s (+30.0% 🔺)0.249s17.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.100s (-9.9% 🟢)4.213s (-10.4% 🟢)1.113s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.555s (+30.6% 🔺)6.979s (+32.2% 🔺)1.424s51.79x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.972s (+94.0% 🔺)7.273s (+82.1% 🔺)1.301s61.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.431s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.574s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.004s (~)0.560s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.056s (-10.8% 🟢)2.922s (+6.6% 🔺)0.866s111.44x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.265s (+4.2%)3.013s (+16.1% 🔺)0.748s101.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.897s (-18.0% 🟢)3.815s (-13.7% 🟢)0.918s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.083s (+17.1% 🔺)4.004s (+19.5% 🔺)0.921s81.06x
▲ VercelExpress9.347s (+205.6% 🔺)10.133s (+160.5% 🔺)0.786s33.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.692s (+1.3%)3.007s (~)0.315s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.733s (+2.6%)3.008s (~)0.276s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress9.613s (-16.1% 🟢)10.027s (-16.7% 🟢)0.414s43.57x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.520s (-11.4% 🟢)11.365s (-8.1% 🟢)0.845s33.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.470s (-34.9% 🟢)3.268s (-29.0% 🟢)0.798s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.576s (-0.7%)3.460s (+2.5%)0.884s91.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.619s (+5.6% 🔺)4.670s (+16.3% 🔺)1.051s71.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.646s (-4.2%)8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)0.372s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.942s (+2.0%)8.269s (+3.1%)0.327s41.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro48.203s (-4.6%)49.109s (-3.9%)0.906s16.30x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.615s (-3.5%)51.106s (-3.8%)0.491s16.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.108s (-21.6% 🟢)4.459s (-16.4% 🟢)1.350s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.228s (-16.5% 🟢)4.261s (-11.6% 🟢)1.033s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s (+9.3% 🔺)5.126s (+19.1% 🔺)1.377s61.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.170s (-7.4% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.010s (~)1.016s (~)0.845s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (+1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-7.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.841s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.404s (+11.9% 🔺)2.638s (-8.9% 🟢)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)3.014s (~)0.610s1014.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.434s (+86.2% 🔺)2.608s (+50.4% 🔺)0.001s (~)3.014s (+49.7% 🔺)0.580s1014.29x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.897s (-6.8% 🟢)2.359s (-6.6% 🟢)0.186s (-1.5%)2.999s (-8.5% 🟢)1.101s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.167s (+8.3% 🔺)2.784s (+17.0% 🔺)0.496s (-22.0% 🟢)3.947s (+12.9% 🔺)1.780s101.14x
▲ VercelNitro2.184s (+6.7% 🔺)2.827s (+8.0% 🔺)0.279s (+43.8% 🔺)3.645s (+4.8%)1.460s101.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro6/12
🐘 PostgresExpress8/12
▲ VercelExpress8/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local9/12
Next.js (Turbopack)▲ Vercel12/12
Nitro💻 Local9/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md
- Remove `npx workflow start` from debugging section (args can't easily be passed via CLI)
- Mention --json and --help flags for CLI inspection
- Add reminder to check AI docs for DurableAgent details
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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skill looks solid

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@pranaygp@johnlindquist@VaguelySerious@karthikscale3
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content\n(function() {\n function unstick() {\n document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role=\"banner\"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*=\"position: fixed\"], [style*=\"position:sticky\"]').forEach(function(el) {\n if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || \n getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') {\n el.style.position = 'static';\n el.style.top = 'auto';\n el.style.zIndex = 'auto';\n }\n });\n }\n \n unstick();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick);\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] });\n})();", "Kill Sticky Headers"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs - #1077

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pranaygp merged 9 commits into
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fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming
Feb 19, 2026
Merged

fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs#1077
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 16, 2026

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Summary

  • Improve the error message when start(), getRun(), resumeHook(), etc. are called inside a workflow function — now tells users to move the call to a step function or outside the workflow context
  • Fix the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps — it can be called in both workflow and step contexts, but stream operations (write/close) must happen in steps
  • Fix the SKILL.md debugging section: remove non-existent --app-url flag, add npx workflow web <run_id> usage, reorganize examples, and add --json/--help tips

Test plan

  • Verify the updated error message appears when calling start() inside a "use workflow" function
  • Verify SKILL.md accurately reflects the getWritable() behavior documented in get-writable.mdx
  • Verify SKILL.md debugging commands match actual CLI --help output

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

pranaygpand others added 2 commits February 15, 2026 21:20
…w context and fix SKILL.md streaming docs
The workflow stub error now tells users to move calls to a step function or outside the workflow context. Also corrects the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@changeset-bot

changeset-botBot commented Feb 16, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e50a10f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages
NameType
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

@vercel

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production533138572
✅ 💻 Local Development556068624
✅ 📦 Local Production556068624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres556068624
✅ 🪟 Windows490352
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds111459165
✅ 📋 Other135021156
Total2496462752817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4804
✅ example4804
✅ express4804
✅ fastify4804
✅ hono4804
✅ nextjs-turbopack5101
✅ nextjs-webpack5101
✅ nitro4804
✅ nuxt4804
❌ sveltekit4714
✅ vite4804
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4903
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4903
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4903
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4453
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4507

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.032s (-7.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.973s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (~)1.004s (~)0.972s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.177s (-59.7% 🟢)1.010s (~)0.833s105.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.259s (-48.3% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.750s108.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.541s (-79.6% 🟢)1.851s (-51.4% 🟢)1.309s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.619s (-38.6% 🟢)1.908s (-22.1% 🟢)1.289s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.654s (-77.5% 🟢)2.047s (-49.1% 🟢)1.393s101.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.106s (~)2.006s (~)0.900s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.107s (~)2.005s (~)0.898s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.445s (+5.0% 🔺)3.014s (+3.4%)0.569s102.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.447s (+6.2% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.566s102.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.229s (-4.8%)2.857s (-6.4% 🟢)0.628s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.293s (-3.2%)3.239s (-0.6%)0.946s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.338s (+1.4%)3.270s (+7.4% 🔺)0.932s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.823s (~)11.020s (~)0.197s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.830s (~)11.021s (~)0.191s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.305s (+0.7%)21.053s (~)0.748s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.315s (+33.2% 🔺)21.056s (+31.2% 🔺)0.741s21.88x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.227s (+16.6% 🔺)22.108s (+15.2% 🔺)0.880s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro23.983s (+24.5% 🔺)25.872s (+26.4% 🔺)1.889s21.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.987s (+59.4% 🔺)30.076s (+53.2% 🔺)1.089s11.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express27.446s (~)28.049s (~)0.603s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro27.447s (-0.6%)28.050s (~)0.602s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.336s (~)51.120s (~)0.784s21.83x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.360s (+33.2% 🔺)51.122s (+34.2% 🔺)0.762s21.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro44.633s (-6.6% 🟢)45.610s (-6.9% 🟢)0.978s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress45.168s (+0.7%)46.140s (+0.7%)0.972s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)45.822s (+3.0%)47.188s (+3.1%)1.366s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro57.065s (-0.6%)57.099s (-1.7%)0.034s21.00x
💻 LocalExpress57.117s (~)58.101s (~)0.984s21.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.262s (~)101.209s (~)0.947s11.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.298s (+32.0% 🔺)101.221s (+32.9% 🔺)0.923s11.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express90.866s (~)91.861s (~)0.995s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro91.268s (-4.6%)92.346s (-5.0% 🟢)1.078s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)91.555s (-1.0%)93.204s (~)1.649s11.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.398s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.606s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.005s (~)0.580s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.348s (-4.5%)3.013s (~)0.665s101.68x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.442s (+5.9% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.571s101.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.496s (-3.2%)3.417s (-2.8%)0.921s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.515s (+8.7% 🔺)3.214s (+2.8%)0.699s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.053s (+73.1% 🔺)5.079s (+66.2% 🔺)1.026s61.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.547s (~)3.007s (~)0.460s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.568s (+1.1%)3.007s (~)0.439s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.871s (+12.2% 🔺)9.280s (+8.8% 🔺)0.409s43.48x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.936s (+7.6% 🔺)9.279s (+2.7%)0.343s43.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.755s (+1.8%)3.570s (+3.0%)0.815s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.831s (+5.4% 🔺)3.669s (+10.3% 🔺)0.838s91.03x
▲ VercelNitro3.091s (+13.4% 🔺)4.129s (+10.0% 🔺)1.038s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.266s (+0.6%)8.021s (~)0.755s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.453s (+2.1%)8.019s (~)0.566s41.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.922s (~)51.130s (~)0.208s17.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.891s (+32.6% 🔺)52.140s (+30.0% 🔺)0.249s17.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.100s (-9.9% 🟢)4.213s (-10.4% 🟢)1.113s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.555s (+30.6% 🔺)6.979s (+32.2% 🔺)1.424s51.79x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.972s (+94.0% 🔺)7.273s (+82.1% 🔺)1.301s61.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.431s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.574s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.004s (~)0.560s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.056s (-10.8% 🟢)2.922s (+6.6% 🔺)0.866s111.44x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.265s (+4.2%)3.013s (+16.1% 🔺)0.748s101.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.897s (-18.0% 🟢)3.815s (-13.7% 🟢)0.918s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.083s (+17.1% 🔺)4.004s (+19.5% 🔺)0.921s81.06x
▲ VercelExpress9.347s (+205.6% 🔺)10.133s (+160.5% 🔺)0.786s33.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.692s (+1.3%)3.007s (~)0.315s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.733s (+2.6%)3.008s (~)0.276s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress9.613s (-16.1% 🟢)10.027s (-16.7% 🟢)0.414s43.57x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.520s (-11.4% 🟢)11.365s (-8.1% 🟢)0.845s33.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.470s (-34.9% 🟢)3.268s (-29.0% 🟢)0.798s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.576s (-0.7%)3.460s (+2.5%)0.884s91.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.619s (+5.6% 🔺)4.670s (+16.3% 🔺)1.051s71.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.646s (-4.2%)8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)0.372s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.942s (+2.0%)8.269s (+3.1%)0.327s41.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro48.203s (-4.6%)49.109s (-3.9%)0.906s16.30x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.615s (-3.5%)51.106s (-3.8%)0.491s16.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.108s (-21.6% 🟢)4.459s (-16.4% 🟢)1.350s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.228s (-16.5% 🟢)4.261s (-11.6% 🟢)1.033s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s (+9.3% 🔺)5.126s (+19.1% 🔺)1.377s61.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.170s (-7.4% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.010s (~)1.016s (~)0.845s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (+1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-7.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.841s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.404s (+11.9% 🔺)2.638s (-8.9% 🟢)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)3.014s (~)0.610s1014.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.434s (+86.2% 🔺)2.608s (+50.4% 🔺)0.001s (~)3.014s (+49.7% 🔺)0.580s1014.29x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.897s (-6.8% 🟢)2.359s (-6.6% 🟢)0.186s (-1.5%)2.999s (-8.5% 🟢)1.101s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.167s (+8.3% 🔺)2.784s (+17.0% 🔺)0.496s (-22.0% 🟢)3.947s (+12.9% 🔺)1.780s101.14x
▲ VercelNitro2.184s (+6.7% 🔺)2.827s (+8.0% 🔺)0.279s (+43.8% 🔺)3.645s (+4.8%)1.460s101.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro6/12
🐘 PostgresExpress8/12
▲ VercelExpress8/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local9/12
Next.js (Turbopack)▲ Vercel12/12
Nitro💻 Local9/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md
- Remove `npx workflow start` from debugging section (args can't easily be passed via CLI)
- Mention --json and --help flags for CLI inspection
- Add reminder to check AI docs for DurableAgent details
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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skill looks solid

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@pranaygp@johnlindquist@VaguelySerious@karthikscale3
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })();
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fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs - #1077

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pranaygp merged 9 commits into
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fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming
Feb 19, 2026
Merged

fix(workflow): improve runtime API stub error message and fix SKILL.md streaming docs#1077
pranaygp merged 9 commits into
mainfrom
fix/improve-workflow-api-stub-error-and-skill-streaming

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@pranaygp

@pranaygppranaygp commented Feb 16, 2026

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Summary

  • Improve the error message when start(), getRun(), resumeHook(), etc. are called inside a workflow function — now tells users to move the call to a step function or outside the workflow context
  • Fix the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps — it can be called in both workflow and step contexts, but stream operations (write/close) must happen in steps
  • Fix the SKILL.md debugging section: remove non-existent --app-url flag, add npx workflow web <run_id> usage, reorganize examples, and add --json/--help tips

Test plan

  • Verify the updated error message appears when calling start() inside a "use workflow" function
  • Verify SKILL.md accurately reflects the getWritable() behavior documented in get-writable.mdx
  • Verify SKILL.md debugging commands match actual CLI --help output

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

pranaygpand others added 2 commits February 15, 2026 21:20
…w context and fix SKILL.md streaming docs
The workflow stub error now tells users to move calls to a step function or outside the workflow context. Also corrects the SKILL.md streaming section which incorrectly stated getWritable() only works in steps.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e50a10f

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 14 packages
NameType
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
❌ ▲ Vercel Production533138572
✅ 💻 Local Development556068624
✅ 📦 Local Production556068624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres556068624
✅ 🪟 Windows490352
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds111459165
✅ 📋 Other135021156
Total2496462752817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • parallelSleepWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro4804
✅ example4804
✅ express4804
✅ fastify4804
✅ hono4804
✅ nextjs-turbopack5101
✅ nextjs-webpack5101
✅ nitro4804
✅ nuxt4804
❌ sveltekit4714
✅ vite4804
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable4507
✅ express-stable4507
✅ fastify-stable4507
✅ hono-stable4507
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary4903
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable4903
✅ nitro-stable4507
✅ nuxt-stable4507
✅ sveltekit-stable4507
✅ vite-stable4507
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack4903
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ mongodb-dev300
✅ mongodb4903
✅ redis-dev300
✅ redis4903
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso4453
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable4507
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable4507

📋 View full workflow run


Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: success
  • Local Postgres: success
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.032s (-7.0% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.973s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.032s (~)1.004s (~)0.972s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.177s (-59.7% 🟢)1.010s (~)0.833s105.55x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.259s (-48.3% 🟢)1.009s (~)0.750s108.15x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.541s (-79.6% 🟢)1.851s (-51.4% 🟢)1.309s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.619s (-38.6% 🟢)1.908s (-22.1% 🟢)1.289s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.654s (-77.5% 🟢)2.047s (-49.1% 🟢)1.393s101.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.106s (~)2.006s (~)0.900s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.107s (~)2.005s (~)0.898s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.445s (+5.0% 🔺)3.014s (+3.4%)0.569s102.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.447s (+6.2% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.566s102.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.229s (-4.8%)2.857s (-6.4% 🟢)0.628s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.293s (-3.2%)3.239s (-0.6%)0.946s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.338s (+1.4%)3.270s (+7.4% 🔺)0.932s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.823s (~)11.020s (~)0.197s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.830s (~)11.021s (~)0.191s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.305s (+0.7%)21.053s (~)0.748s21.88x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.315s (+33.2% 🔺)21.056s (+31.2% 🔺)0.741s21.88x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express21.227s (+16.6% 🔺)22.108s (+15.2% 🔺)0.880s21.00x
▲ VercelNitro23.983s (+24.5% 🔺)25.872s (+26.4% 🔺)1.889s21.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)28.987s (+59.4% 🔺)30.076s (+53.2% 🔺)1.089s11.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express27.446s (~)28.049s (~)0.603s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro27.447s (-0.6%)28.050s (~)0.602s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.336s (~)51.120s (~)0.784s21.83x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.360s (+33.2% 🔺)51.122s (+34.2% 🔺)0.762s21.83x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro44.633s (-6.6% 🟢)45.610s (-6.9% 🟢)0.978s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress45.168s (+0.7%)46.140s (+0.7%)0.972s21.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)45.822s (+3.0%)47.188s (+3.1%)1.366s21.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro57.065s (-0.6%)57.099s (-1.7%)0.034s21.00x
💻 LocalExpress57.117s (~)58.101s (~)0.984s21.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress100.262s (~)101.209s (~)0.947s11.76x
🐘 PostgresNitro100.298s (+32.0% 🔺)101.221s (+32.9% 🔺)0.923s11.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express90.866s (~)91.861s (~)0.995s11.00x
▲ VercelNitro91.268s (-4.6%)92.346s (-5.0% 🟢)1.078s11.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)91.555s (-1.0%)93.204s (~)1.649s11.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.398s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.606s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.005s (~)0.580s151.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.348s (-4.5%)3.013s (~)0.665s101.68x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.442s (+5.9% 🔺)3.013s (~)0.571s101.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.496s (-3.2%)3.417s (-2.8%)0.921s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.515s (+8.7% 🔺)3.214s (+2.8%)0.699s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.053s (+73.1% 🔺)5.079s (+66.2% 🔺)1.026s61.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.547s (~)3.007s (~)0.460s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.568s (+1.1%)3.007s (~)0.439s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress8.871s (+12.2% 🔺)9.280s (+8.8% 🔺)0.409s43.48x
🐘 PostgresNitro8.936s (+7.6% 🔺)9.279s (+2.7%)0.343s43.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.755s (+1.8%)3.570s (+3.0%)0.815s91.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.831s (+5.4% 🔺)3.669s (+10.3% 🔺)0.838s91.03x
▲ VercelNitro3.091s (+13.4% 🔺)4.129s (+10.0% 🔺)1.038s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.266s (+0.6%)8.021s (~)0.755s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.453s (+2.1%)8.019s (~)0.566s41.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro50.922s (~)51.130s (~)0.208s17.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress51.891s (+32.6% 🔺)52.140s (+30.0% 🔺)0.249s17.14x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.100s (-9.9% 🟢)4.213s (-10.4% 🟢)1.113s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.555s (+30.6% 🔺)6.979s (+32.2% 🔺)1.424s51.79x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.972s (+94.0% 🔺)7.273s (+82.1% 🔺)1.301s61.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.431s (-1.2%)2.005s (~)0.574s151.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.444s (+2.3%)2.004s (~)0.560s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.056s (-10.8% 🟢)2.922s (+6.6% 🔺)0.866s111.44x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.265s (+4.2%)3.013s (+16.1% 🔺)0.748s101.58x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.897s (-18.0% 🟢)3.815s (-13.7% 🟢)0.918s81.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.083s (+17.1% 🔺)4.004s (+19.5% 🔺)0.921s81.06x
▲ VercelExpress9.347s (+205.6% 🔺)10.133s (+160.5% 🔺)0.786s33.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express2.692s (+1.3%)3.007s (~)0.315s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.733s (+2.6%)3.008s (~)0.276s101.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress9.613s (-16.1% 🟢)10.027s (-16.7% 🟢)0.414s43.57x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.520s (-11.4% 🟢)11.365s (-8.1% 🟢)0.845s33.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.470s (-34.9% 🟢)3.268s (-29.0% 🟢)0.798s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.576s (-0.7%)3.460s (+2.5%)0.884s91.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.619s (+5.6% 🔺)4.670s (+16.3% 🔺)1.051s71.47x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express7.646s (-4.2%)8.018s (-5.9% 🟢)0.372s41.00x
💻 LocalNitro7.942s (+2.0%)8.269s (+3.1%)0.327s41.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro48.203s (-4.6%)49.109s (-3.9%)0.906s16.30x
🐘 PostgresExpress50.615s (-3.5%)51.106s (-3.8%)0.491s16.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.108s (-21.6% 🟢)4.459s (-16.4% 🟢)1.350s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.228s (-16.5% 🟢)4.261s (-11.6% 🟢)1.033s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.749s (+9.3% 🔺)5.126s (+19.1% 🔺)1.377s61.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.170s (-7.4% 🟢)1.002s (~)0.010s (~)1.016s (~)0.845s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.174s (+1.5%)1.002s (~)0.010s (-7.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.841s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.404s (+11.9% 🔺)2.638s (-8.9% 🟢)0.001s (-6.7% 🟢)3.014s (~)0.610s1014.12x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.434s (+86.2% 🔺)2.608s (+50.4% 🔺)0.001s (~)3.014s (+49.7% 🔺)0.580s1014.29x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)⚠️missing-----

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.897s (-6.8% 🟢)2.359s (-6.6% 🟢)0.186s (-1.5%)2.999s (-8.5% 🟢)1.101s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.167s (+8.3% 🔺)2.784s (+17.0% 🔺)0.496s (-22.0% 🟢)3.947s (+12.9% 🔺)1.780s101.14x
▲ VercelNitro2.184s (+6.7% 🔺)2.827s (+8.0% 🔺)0.279s (+43.8% 🔺)3.645s (+4.8%)1.460s101.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro6/12
🐘 PostgresExpress8/12
▲ VercelExpress8/12
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local9/12
Next.js (Turbopack)▲ Vercel12/12
Nitro💻 Local9/12
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md Outdated
Comment threadskills/workflow/SKILL.md
- Remove `npx workflow start` from debugging section (args can't easily be passed via CLI)
- Mention --json and --help flags for CLI inspection
- Add reminder to check AI docs for DurableAgent details
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

@johnlindquistjohnlindquist left a comment

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skill looks solid

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@pranaygp@johnlindquist@VaguelySerious@karthikscale3