[world-vercel] Vary ref resolution concurrency based on header

[VaguelySerious]

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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a7e82ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-express-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	523	0	49	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	554	2	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	111	45	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2484	47	286	2817

❌ Failed Tests

🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	47	0	5
✅ example	47	0	5
✅ express	47	0	5
✅ fastify	47	0	5
✅ hono	47	0	5
✅ nextjs-turbopack	50	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	50	0	2
✅ nitro	47	0	5
✅ nuxt	47	0	5
✅ sveltekit	47	0	5
✅ vite	47	0	5

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
❌ express-stable	44	1	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable	48	1	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	49	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.057s (-5.0%)	1.014s (~)	0.957s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.92x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.087s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.920s	10	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.575s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.108s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.533s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.586s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.087s (-1.3%)	1.502s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.617s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.121s (+4.5%)	1.505s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.108s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.898s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.111s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.117s (-1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+2.3%)	2.014s (~)	0.865s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s (-0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.698s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.123s (+2.8%)	3.592s (+10.9% 🔺)	1.469s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (+11.5% 🔺)	3.255s (-2.0%)	1.016s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.269s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.478s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.209s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.722s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.300s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.738s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.284s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.036s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.845s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.176s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.847s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.175s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.281s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.741s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.772s (+5.8% 🔺)	19.005s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.233s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.863s (+6.6% 🔺)	19.422s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.559s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.710s (+13.9% 🔺)	21.020s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.310s	2	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s (~)	27.052s (~)	0.152s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	27.270s (~)	28.060s (~)	0.790s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.276s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.775s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	27.489s (+0.5%)	28.069s (~)	0.580s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.577s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.475s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.592s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.463s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.579s (~)	31.049s (~)	0.470s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	43.513s (-13.6% 🟢)	45.030s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.517s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.672s (-8.5% 🟢)	46.695s (-8.7% 🟢)	1.023s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	46.086s (-1.1%)	47.525s (~)	1.439s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.361s (~)	55.100s (~)	0.739s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	55.073s (~)	55.591s (~)	0.518s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.478s (+0.6%)	56.112s (~)	0.634s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.844s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.254s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.623s (+0.6%)	58.107s (~)	0.484s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	57.649s (~)	58.106s (~)	0.457s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.065s (~)	61.574s (-0.8%)	0.510s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	100.799s (-1.1%)	102.233s (-0.5%)	1.434s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	104.121s (+3.6%)	104.950s (+3.6%)	0.829s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	107.253s (+10.3% 🔺)	107.731s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.478s	1	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.268s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.738s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.353s (-2.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.658s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.386s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.625s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.417s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.427s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.579s	15	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.175s (+0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.833s	10	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.368s (-21.9% 🟢)	3.767s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.497s (~)	3.571s (-4.6%)	1.074s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.763s (+33.1% 🔺)	5.043s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.280s	6	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.031s (~)	2.689s (+3.5%)	0.658s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.137s (+3.8%)	2.684s (+3.4%)	0.547s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (-0.9%)	3.006s (~)	0.529s	10	1.22x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.507s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.673s (+1.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.335s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	2.677s (+0.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.777s (+0.9%)	5.176s (~)	0.399s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.734s (-27.9% 🟢)	3.685s (-26.8% 🟢)	0.951s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.766s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.813s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.047s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s (+3.5%)	4.514s (-1.3%)	1.006s	7	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.636s (-5.1% 🟢)	4.308s (-3.4%)	0.672s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.925s (+16.1% 🔺)	4.593s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.668s	7	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (-2.3%)	4.724s (~)	0.703s	7	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (+2.8%)	7.416s (+2.8%)	0.530s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.702s (+5.6% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.317s	4	2.12x
💻 Local	Express	7.890s (+4.3%)	8.269s (+3.1%)	0.379s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.015s (+2.2%)	10.350s (~)	0.335s	3	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.867s (-1.2%)	3.586s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.718s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.274s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.321s (+3.6%)	1.047s	8	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.444s (-4.0%)	4.381s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.937s	7	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s (-1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.364s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.647s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.404s (+3.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.606s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.418s (-2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.586s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.438s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.568s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (+1.2%)	2.005s (~)	0.541s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.191s (+2.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.816s	10	1.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.244s (-4.2%)	3.379s (-2.4%)	1.135s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.255s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.561s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.306s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-0.6%)	3.405s (-2.7%)	1.032s	9	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.990s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.598s (-3.1%)	0.607s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.015s (-2.4%)	2.516s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.501s	12	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s (-1.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.612s (+1.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.396s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Express	2.811s (~)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.197s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.816s (+3.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.194s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.726s (~)	5.176s (~)	0.450s	6	2.37x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.477s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.701s (+3.6%)	1.224s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.563s (-1.0%)	3.724s (+3.3%)	1.161s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.817s (-1.9%)	4.077s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.260s	8	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.052s (-1.7%)	5.011s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.959s	6	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.116s (-1.7%)	4.749s (~)	0.633s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.256s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.885s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.629s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.769s (+12.2% 🔺)	8.264s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.495s	4	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	8.568s (+2.4%)	9.022s (~)	0.454s	4	2.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.679s (+8.3% 🔺)	9.272s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.593s	4	2.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.768s (~)	10.348s (~)	0.580s	3	2.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.981s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.912s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.932s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.055s (-7.8% 🟢)	3.899s (-16.5% 🟢)	0.844s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.327s (+4.9%)	4.314s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.987s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-0.7%)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (+4.6%)	1.016s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (-2.0%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.856s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-0.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.182s (+3.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.836s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-3.2%)	0.990s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.823s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.215s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.799s	10	1.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.505s (+0.8%)	0.942s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.503s	10	3.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.751s (+3.6%)	2.570s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.089s (-32.4% 🟢)	3.113s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.362s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.769s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.423s (-0.5%)	0.119s (-4.2%)	3.086s (-2.2%)	1.317s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.831s (+3.0%)	2.750s (+13.8% 🔺)	0.103s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.368s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.538s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	5/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	7/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a7e82ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-express-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	523	0	49	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	554	2	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	111	45	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2484	47	286	2817

❌ Failed Tests

🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	47	0	5
✅ example	47	0	5
✅ express	47	0	5
✅ fastify	47	0	5
✅ hono	47	0	5
✅ nextjs-turbopack	50	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	50	0	2
✅ nitro	47	0	5
✅ nuxt	47	0	5
✅ sveltekit	47	0	5
✅ vite	47	0	5

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
❌ express-stable	44	1	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable	48	1	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	49	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.057s (-5.0%)	1.014s (~)	0.957s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.92x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.087s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.920s	10	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.575s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.108s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.533s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.586s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.087s (-1.3%)	1.502s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.617s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.121s (+4.5%)	1.505s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.108s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.898s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.111s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.117s (-1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+2.3%)	2.014s (~)	0.865s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s (-0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.698s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.123s (+2.8%)	3.592s (+10.9% 🔺)	1.469s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (+11.5% 🔺)	3.255s (-2.0%)	1.016s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.269s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.478s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.209s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.722s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.300s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.738s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.284s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.036s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.845s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.176s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.847s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.175s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.281s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.741s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.772s (+5.8% 🔺)	19.005s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.233s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.863s (+6.6% 🔺)	19.422s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.559s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.710s (+13.9% 🔺)	21.020s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.310s	2	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s (~)	27.052s (~)	0.152s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	27.270s (~)	28.060s (~)	0.790s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.276s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.775s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	27.489s (+0.5%)	28.069s (~)	0.580s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.577s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.475s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.592s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.463s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.579s (~)	31.049s (~)	0.470s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	43.513s (-13.6% 🟢)	45.030s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.517s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.672s (-8.5% 🟢)	46.695s (-8.7% 🟢)	1.023s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	46.086s (-1.1%)	47.525s (~)	1.439s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.361s (~)	55.100s (~)	0.739s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	55.073s (~)	55.591s (~)	0.518s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.478s (+0.6%)	56.112s (~)	0.634s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.844s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.254s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.623s (+0.6%)	58.107s (~)	0.484s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	57.649s (~)	58.106s (~)	0.457s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.065s (~)	61.574s (-0.8%)	0.510s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	100.799s (-1.1%)	102.233s (-0.5%)	1.434s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	104.121s (+3.6%)	104.950s (+3.6%)	0.829s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	107.253s (+10.3% 🔺)	107.731s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.478s	1	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.268s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.738s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.353s (-2.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.658s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.386s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.625s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.417s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.427s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.579s	15	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.175s (+0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.833s	10	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.368s (-21.9% 🟢)	3.767s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.497s (~)	3.571s (-4.6%)	1.074s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.763s (+33.1% 🔺)	5.043s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.280s	6	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.031s (~)	2.689s (+3.5%)	0.658s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.137s (+3.8%)	2.684s (+3.4%)	0.547s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (-0.9%)	3.006s (~)	0.529s	10	1.22x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.507s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.673s (+1.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.335s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	2.677s (+0.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.777s (+0.9%)	5.176s (~)	0.399s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.734s (-27.9% 🟢)	3.685s (-26.8% 🟢)	0.951s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.766s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.813s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.047s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s (+3.5%)	4.514s (-1.3%)	1.006s	7	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.636s (-5.1% 🟢)	4.308s (-3.4%)	0.672s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.925s (+16.1% 🔺)	4.593s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.668s	7	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (-2.3%)	4.724s (~)	0.703s	7	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (+2.8%)	7.416s (+2.8%)	0.530s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.702s (+5.6% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.317s	4	2.12x
💻 Local	Express	7.890s (+4.3%)	8.269s (+3.1%)	0.379s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.015s (+2.2%)	10.350s (~)	0.335s	3	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.867s (-1.2%)	3.586s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.718s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.274s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.321s (+3.6%)	1.047s	8	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.444s (-4.0%)	4.381s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.937s	7	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s (-1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.364s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.647s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.404s (+3.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.606s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.418s (-2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.586s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.438s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.568s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (+1.2%)	2.005s (~)	0.541s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.191s (+2.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.816s	10	1.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.244s (-4.2%)	3.379s (-2.4%)	1.135s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.255s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.561s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.306s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-0.6%)	3.405s (-2.7%)	1.032s	9	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.990s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.598s (-3.1%)	0.607s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.015s (-2.4%)	2.516s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.501s	12	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s (-1.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.612s (+1.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.396s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Express	2.811s (~)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.197s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.816s (+3.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.194s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.726s (~)	5.176s (~)	0.450s	6	2.37x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.477s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.701s (+3.6%)	1.224s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.563s (-1.0%)	3.724s (+3.3%)	1.161s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.817s (-1.9%)	4.077s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.260s	8	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.052s (-1.7%)	5.011s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.959s	6	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.116s (-1.7%)	4.749s (~)	0.633s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.256s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.885s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.629s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.769s (+12.2% 🔺)	8.264s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.495s	4	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	8.568s (+2.4%)	9.022s (~)	0.454s	4	2.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.679s (+8.3% 🔺)	9.272s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.593s	4	2.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.768s (~)	10.348s (~)	0.580s	3	2.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.981s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.912s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.932s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.055s (-7.8% 🟢)	3.899s (-16.5% 🟢)	0.844s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.327s (+4.9%)	4.314s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.987s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-0.7%)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (+4.6%)	1.016s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (-2.0%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.856s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-0.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.182s (+3.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.836s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-3.2%)	0.990s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.823s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.215s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.799s	10	1.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.505s (+0.8%)	0.942s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.503s	10	3.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.751s (+3.6%)	2.570s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.089s (-32.4% 🟢)	3.113s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.362s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.769s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.423s (-0.5%)	0.119s (-4.2%)	3.086s (-2.2%)	1.317s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.831s (+3.0%)	2.750s (+13.8% 🔺)	0.103s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.368s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.538s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	5/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	7/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a7e82ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-express-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	523	0	49	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	554	2	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	111	45	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2484	47	286	2817

❌ Failed Tests

🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	47	0	5
✅ example	47	0	5
✅ express	47	0	5
✅ fastify	47	0	5
✅ hono	47	0	5
✅ nextjs-turbopack	50	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	50	0	2
✅ nitro	47	0	5
✅ nuxt	47	0	5
✅ sveltekit	47	0	5
✅ vite	47	0	5

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
❌ express-stable	44	1	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable	48	1	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	49	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.057s (-5.0%)	1.014s (~)	0.957s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.92x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.087s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.920s	10	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.575s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.108s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.533s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.586s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.087s (-1.3%)	1.502s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.617s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.121s (+4.5%)	1.505s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.108s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.898s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.111s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.117s (-1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+2.3%)	2.014s (~)	0.865s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s (-0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.698s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.123s (+2.8%)	3.592s (+10.9% 🔺)	1.469s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (+11.5% 🔺)	3.255s (-2.0%)	1.016s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.269s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.478s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.209s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.722s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.300s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.738s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.284s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.036s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.845s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.176s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.847s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.175s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.281s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.741s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.772s (+5.8% 🔺)	19.005s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.233s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.863s (+6.6% 🔺)	19.422s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.559s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.710s (+13.9% 🔺)	21.020s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.310s	2	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s (~)	27.052s (~)	0.152s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	27.270s (~)	28.060s (~)	0.790s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.276s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.775s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	27.489s (+0.5%)	28.069s (~)	0.580s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.577s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.475s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.592s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.463s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.579s (~)	31.049s (~)	0.470s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	43.513s (-13.6% 🟢)	45.030s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.517s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.672s (-8.5% 🟢)	46.695s (-8.7% 🟢)	1.023s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	46.086s (-1.1%)	47.525s (~)	1.439s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.361s (~)	55.100s (~)	0.739s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	55.073s (~)	55.591s (~)	0.518s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.478s (+0.6%)	56.112s (~)	0.634s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.844s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.254s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.623s (+0.6%)	58.107s (~)	0.484s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	57.649s (~)	58.106s (~)	0.457s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.065s (~)	61.574s (-0.8%)	0.510s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	100.799s (-1.1%)	102.233s (-0.5%)	1.434s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	104.121s (+3.6%)	104.950s (+3.6%)	0.829s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	107.253s (+10.3% 🔺)	107.731s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.478s	1	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.268s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.738s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.353s (-2.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.658s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.386s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.625s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.417s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.427s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.579s	15	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.175s (+0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.833s	10	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.368s (-21.9% 🟢)	3.767s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.497s (~)	3.571s (-4.6%)	1.074s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.763s (+33.1% 🔺)	5.043s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.280s	6	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.031s (~)	2.689s (+3.5%)	0.658s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.137s (+3.8%)	2.684s (+3.4%)	0.547s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (-0.9%)	3.006s (~)	0.529s	10	1.22x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.507s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.673s (+1.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.335s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	2.677s (+0.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.777s (+0.9%)	5.176s (~)	0.399s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.734s (-27.9% 🟢)	3.685s (-26.8% 🟢)	0.951s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.766s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.813s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.047s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s (+3.5%)	4.514s (-1.3%)	1.006s	7	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.636s (-5.1% 🟢)	4.308s (-3.4%)	0.672s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.925s (+16.1% 🔺)	4.593s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.668s	7	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (-2.3%)	4.724s (~)	0.703s	7	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (+2.8%)	7.416s (+2.8%)	0.530s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.702s (+5.6% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.317s	4	2.12x
💻 Local	Express	7.890s (+4.3%)	8.269s (+3.1%)	0.379s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.015s (+2.2%)	10.350s (~)	0.335s	3	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.867s (-1.2%)	3.586s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.718s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.274s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.321s (+3.6%)	1.047s	8	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.444s (-4.0%)	4.381s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.937s	7	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s (-1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.364s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.647s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.404s (+3.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.606s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.418s (-2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.586s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.438s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.568s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (+1.2%)	2.005s (~)	0.541s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.191s (+2.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.816s	10	1.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.244s (-4.2%)	3.379s (-2.4%)	1.135s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.255s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.561s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.306s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-0.6%)	3.405s (-2.7%)	1.032s	9	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.990s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.598s (-3.1%)	0.607s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.015s (-2.4%)	2.516s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.501s	12	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s (-1.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.612s (+1.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.396s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Express	2.811s (~)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.197s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.816s (+3.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.194s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.726s (~)	5.176s (~)	0.450s	6	2.37x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.477s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.701s (+3.6%)	1.224s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.563s (-1.0%)	3.724s (+3.3%)	1.161s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.817s (-1.9%)	4.077s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.260s	8	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.052s (-1.7%)	5.011s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.959s	6	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.116s (-1.7%)	4.749s (~)	0.633s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.256s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.885s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.629s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.769s (+12.2% 🔺)	8.264s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.495s	4	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	8.568s (+2.4%)	9.022s (~)	0.454s	4	2.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.679s (+8.3% 🔺)	9.272s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.593s	4	2.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.768s (~)	10.348s (~)	0.580s	3	2.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.981s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.912s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.932s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.055s (-7.8% 🟢)	3.899s (-16.5% 🟢)	0.844s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.327s (+4.9%)	4.314s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.987s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-0.7%)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (+4.6%)	1.016s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (-2.0%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.856s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-0.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.182s (+3.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.836s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-3.2%)	0.990s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.823s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.215s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.799s	10	1.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.505s (+0.8%)	0.942s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.503s	10	3.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.751s (+3.6%)	2.570s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.089s (-32.4% 🟢)	3.113s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.362s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.769s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.423s (-0.5%)	0.119s (-4.2%)	3.086s (-2.2%)	1.317s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.831s (+3.0%)	2.750s (+13.8% 🔺)	0.103s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.368s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.538s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	5/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	7/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a7e82ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-express-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	523	0	49	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	554	2	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	111	45	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2484	47	286	2817

❌ Failed Tests

🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	47	0	5
✅ example	47	0	5
✅ express	47	0	5
✅ fastify	47	0	5
✅ hono	47	0	5
✅ nextjs-turbopack	50	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	50	0	2
✅ nitro	47	0	5
✅ nuxt	47	0	5
✅ sveltekit	47	0	5
✅ vite	47	0	5

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
❌ express-stable	44	1	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable	48	1	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	49	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.057s (-5.0%)	1.014s (~)	0.957s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.92x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.087s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.920s	10	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.575s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.108s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.533s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.586s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.087s (-1.3%)	1.502s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.617s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.121s (+4.5%)	1.505s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.108s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.898s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.111s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.117s (-1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+2.3%)	2.014s (~)	0.865s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s (-0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.698s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.123s (+2.8%)	3.592s (+10.9% 🔺)	1.469s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (+11.5% 🔺)	3.255s (-2.0%)	1.016s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.269s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.478s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.209s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.722s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.300s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.738s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.284s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.036s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.845s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.176s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.847s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.175s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.281s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.741s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.772s (+5.8% 🔺)	19.005s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.233s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.863s (+6.6% 🔺)	19.422s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.559s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.710s (+13.9% 🔺)	21.020s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.310s	2	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s (~)	27.052s (~)	0.152s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	27.270s (~)	28.060s (~)	0.790s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.276s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.775s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	27.489s (+0.5%)	28.069s (~)	0.580s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.577s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.475s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.592s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.463s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.579s (~)	31.049s (~)	0.470s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	43.513s (-13.6% 🟢)	45.030s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.517s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.672s (-8.5% 🟢)	46.695s (-8.7% 🟢)	1.023s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	46.086s (-1.1%)	47.525s (~)	1.439s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.361s (~)	55.100s (~)	0.739s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	55.073s (~)	55.591s (~)	0.518s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.478s (+0.6%)	56.112s (~)	0.634s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.844s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.254s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.623s (+0.6%)	58.107s (~)	0.484s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	57.649s (~)	58.106s (~)	0.457s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.065s (~)	61.574s (-0.8%)	0.510s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	100.799s (-1.1%)	102.233s (-0.5%)	1.434s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	104.121s (+3.6%)	104.950s (+3.6%)	0.829s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	107.253s (+10.3% 🔺)	107.731s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.478s	1	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.268s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.738s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.353s (-2.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.658s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.386s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.625s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.417s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.427s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.579s	15	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.175s (+0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.833s	10	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.368s (-21.9% 🟢)	3.767s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.497s (~)	3.571s (-4.6%)	1.074s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.763s (+33.1% 🔺)	5.043s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.280s	6	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.031s (~)	2.689s (+3.5%)	0.658s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.137s (+3.8%)	2.684s (+3.4%)	0.547s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (-0.9%)	3.006s (~)	0.529s	10	1.22x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.507s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.673s (+1.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.335s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	2.677s (+0.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.777s (+0.9%)	5.176s (~)	0.399s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.734s (-27.9% 🟢)	3.685s (-26.8% 🟢)	0.951s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.766s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.813s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.047s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s (+3.5%)	4.514s (-1.3%)	1.006s	7	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.636s (-5.1% 🟢)	4.308s (-3.4%)	0.672s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.925s (+16.1% 🔺)	4.593s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.668s	7	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (-2.3%)	4.724s (~)	0.703s	7	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (+2.8%)	7.416s (+2.8%)	0.530s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.702s (+5.6% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.317s	4	2.12x
💻 Local	Express	7.890s (+4.3%)	8.269s (+3.1%)	0.379s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.015s (+2.2%)	10.350s (~)	0.335s	3	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.867s (-1.2%)	3.586s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.718s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.274s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.321s (+3.6%)	1.047s	8	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.444s (-4.0%)	4.381s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.937s	7	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s (-1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.364s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.647s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.404s (+3.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.606s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.418s (-2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.586s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.438s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.568s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (+1.2%)	2.005s (~)	0.541s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.191s (+2.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.816s	10	1.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.244s (-4.2%)	3.379s (-2.4%)	1.135s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.255s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.561s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.306s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-0.6%)	3.405s (-2.7%)	1.032s	9	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.990s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.598s (-3.1%)	0.607s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.015s (-2.4%)	2.516s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.501s	12	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s (-1.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.612s (+1.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.396s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Express	2.811s (~)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.197s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.816s (+3.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.194s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.726s (~)	5.176s (~)	0.450s	6	2.37x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.477s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.701s (+3.6%)	1.224s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.563s (-1.0%)	3.724s (+3.3%)	1.161s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.817s (-1.9%)	4.077s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.260s	8	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.052s (-1.7%)	5.011s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.959s	6	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.116s (-1.7%)	4.749s (~)	0.633s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.256s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.885s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.629s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.769s (+12.2% 🔺)	8.264s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.495s	4	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	8.568s (+2.4%)	9.022s (~)	0.454s	4	2.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.679s (+8.3% 🔺)	9.272s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.593s	4	2.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.768s (~)	10.348s (~)	0.580s	3	2.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.981s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.912s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.932s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.055s (-7.8% 🟢)	3.899s (-16.5% 🟢)	0.844s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.327s (+4.9%)	4.314s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.987s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-0.7%)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (+4.6%)	1.016s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (-2.0%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.856s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-0.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.182s (+3.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.836s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-3.2%)	0.990s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.823s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.215s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.799s	10	1.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.505s (+0.8%)	0.942s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.503s	10	3.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.751s (+3.6%)	2.570s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.089s (-32.4% 🟢)	3.113s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.362s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.769s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.423s (-0.5%)	0.119s (-4.2%)	3.086s (-2.2%)	1.317s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.831s (+3.0%)	2.750s (+13.8% 🔺)	0.103s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.368s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.538s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	5/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	7/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a7e82ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-express-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	523	0	49	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	554	2	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	111	45	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2484	47	286	2817

❌ Failed Tests

🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	47	0	5
✅ example	47	0	5
✅ express	47	0	5
✅ fastify	47	0	5
✅ hono	47	0	5
✅ nextjs-turbopack	50	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	50	0	2
✅ nitro	47	0	5
✅ nuxt	47	0	5
✅ sveltekit	47	0	5
✅ vite	47	0	5

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
❌ express-stable	44	1	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable	48	1	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	49	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.057s (-5.0%)	1.014s (~)	0.957s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.92x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.087s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.920s	10	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.575s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.108s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.533s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.586s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.087s (-1.3%)	1.502s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.617s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.121s (+4.5%)	1.505s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.108s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.898s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.111s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.117s (-1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+2.3%)	2.014s (~)	0.865s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s (-0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.698s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.123s (+2.8%)	3.592s (+10.9% 🔺)	1.469s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (+11.5% 🔺)	3.255s (-2.0%)	1.016s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.269s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.478s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.209s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.722s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.300s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.738s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.284s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.036s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.845s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.176s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.847s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.175s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.281s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.741s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.772s (+5.8% 🔺)	19.005s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.233s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.863s (+6.6% 🔺)	19.422s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.559s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.710s (+13.9% 🔺)	21.020s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.310s	2	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s (~)	27.052s (~)	0.152s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	27.270s (~)	28.060s (~)	0.790s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.276s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.775s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	27.489s (+0.5%)	28.069s (~)	0.580s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.577s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.475s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.592s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.463s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.579s (~)	31.049s (~)	0.470s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	43.513s (-13.6% 🟢)	45.030s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.517s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.672s (-8.5% 🟢)	46.695s (-8.7% 🟢)	1.023s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	46.086s (-1.1%)	47.525s (~)	1.439s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.361s (~)	55.100s (~)	0.739s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	55.073s (~)	55.591s (~)	0.518s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.478s (+0.6%)	56.112s (~)	0.634s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.844s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.254s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.623s (+0.6%)	58.107s (~)	0.484s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	57.649s (~)	58.106s (~)	0.457s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.065s (~)	61.574s (-0.8%)	0.510s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	100.799s (-1.1%)	102.233s (-0.5%)	1.434s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	104.121s (+3.6%)	104.950s (+3.6%)	0.829s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	107.253s (+10.3% 🔺)	107.731s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.478s	1	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.268s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.738s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.353s (-2.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.658s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.386s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.625s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.417s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.427s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.579s	15	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.175s (+0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.833s	10	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.368s (-21.9% 🟢)	3.767s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.497s (~)	3.571s (-4.6%)	1.074s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.763s (+33.1% 🔺)	5.043s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.280s	6	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.031s (~)	2.689s (+3.5%)	0.658s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.137s (+3.8%)	2.684s (+3.4%)	0.547s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (-0.9%)	3.006s (~)	0.529s	10	1.22x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.507s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.673s (+1.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.335s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	2.677s (+0.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.777s (+0.9%)	5.176s (~)	0.399s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.734s (-27.9% 🟢)	3.685s (-26.8% 🟢)	0.951s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.766s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.813s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.047s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s (+3.5%)	4.514s (-1.3%)	1.006s	7	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.636s (-5.1% 🟢)	4.308s (-3.4%)	0.672s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.925s (+16.1% 🔺)	4.593s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.668s	7	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (-2.3%)	4.724s (~)	0.703s	7	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (+2.8%)	7.416s (+2.8%)	0.530s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.702s (+5.6% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.317s	4	2.12x
💻 Local	Express	7.890s (+4.3%)	8.269s (+3.1%)	0.379s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.015s (+2.2%)	10.350s (~)	0.335s	3	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.867s (-1.2%)	3.586s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.718s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.274s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.321s (+3.6%)	1.047s	8	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.444s (-4.0%)	4.381s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.937s	7	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s (-1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.364s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.647s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.404s (+3.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.606s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.418s (-2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.586s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.438s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.568s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (+1.2%)	2.005s (~)	0.541s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.191s (+2.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.816s	10	1.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.244s (-4.2%)	3.379s (-2.4%)	1.135s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.255s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.561s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.306s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-0.6%)	3.405s (-2.7%)	1.032s	9	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.990s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.598s (-3.1%)	0.607s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.015s (-2.4%)	2.516s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.501s	12	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s (-1.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.612s (+1.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.396s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Express	2.811s (~)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.197s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.816s (+3.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.194s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.726s (~)	5.176s (~)	0.450s	6	2.37x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.477s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.701s (+3.6%)	1.224s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.563s (-1.0%)	3.724s (+3.3%)	1.161s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.817s (-1.9%)	4.077s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.260s	8	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.052s (-1.7%)	5.011s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.959s	6	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.116s (-1.7%)	4.749s (~)	0.633s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.256s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.885s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.629s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.769s (+12.2% 🔺)	8.264s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.495s	4	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	8.568s (+2.4%)	9.022s (~)	0.454s	4	2.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.679s (+8.3% 🔺)	9.272s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.593s	4	2.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.768s (~)	10.348s (~)	0.580s	3	2.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.981s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.912s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.932s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.055s (-7.8% 🟢)	3.899s (-16.5% 🟢)	0.844s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.327s (+4.9%)	4.314s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.987s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-0.7%)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (+4.6%)	1.016s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (-2.0%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.856s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-0.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.182s (+3.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.836s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-3.2%)	0.990s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.823s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.215s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.799s	10	1.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.505s (+0.8%)	0.942s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.503s	10	3.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.751s (+3.6%)	2.570s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.089s (-32.4% 🟢)	3.113s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.362s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.769s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.423s (-0.5%)	0.119s (-4.2%)	3.086s (-2.2%)	1.317s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.831s (+3.0%)	2.750s (+13.8% 🔺)	0.103s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.368s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.538s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	5/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	7/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a7e82ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-express-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	523	0	49	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	554	2	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	111	45	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2484	47	286	2817

❌ Failed Tests

🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	47	0	5
✅ example	47	0	5
✅ express	47	0	5
✅ fastify	47	0	5
✅ hono	47	0	5
✅ nextjs-turbopack	50	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	50	0	2
✅ nitro	47	0	5
✅ nuxt	47	0	5
✅ sveltekit	47	0	5
✅ vite	47	0	5

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
❌ express-stable	44	1	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable	48	1	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	49	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.057s (-5.0%)	1.014s (~)	0.957s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.92x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.087s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.920s	10	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.575s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.108s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.533s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.586s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.087s (-1.3%)	1.502s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.617s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.121s (+4.5%)	1.505s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.108s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.898s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.111s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.117s (-1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+2.3%)	2.014s (~)	0.865s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s (-0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.698s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.123s (+2.8%)	3.592s (+10.9% 🔺)	1.469s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (+11.5% 🔺)	3.255s (-2.0%)	1.016s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.269s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.478s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.209s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.722s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.300s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.738s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.284s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.036s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.845s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.176s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.847s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.175s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.281s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.741s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.772s (+5.8% 🔺)	19.005s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.233s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.863s (+6.6% 🔺)	19.422s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.559s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.710s (+13.9% 🔺)	21.020s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.310s	2	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s (~)	27.052s (~)	0.152s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	27.270s (~)	28.060s (~)	0.790s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.276s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.775s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	27.489s (+0.5%)	28.069s (~)	0.580s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.577s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.475s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.592s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.463s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.579s (~)	31.049s (~)	0.470s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	43.513s (-13.6% 🟢)	45.030s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.517s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.672s (-8.5% 🟢)	46.695s (-8.7% 🟢)	1.023s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	46.086s (-1.1%)	47.525s (~)	1.439s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.361s (~)	55.100s (~)	0.739s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	55.073s (~)	55.591s (~)	0.518s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.478s (+0.6%)	56.112s (~)	0.634s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.844s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.254s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.623s (+0.6%)	58.107s (~)	0.484s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	57.649s (~)	58.106s (~)	0.457s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.065s (~)	61.574s (-0.8%)	0.510s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	100.799s (-1.1%)	102.233s (-0.5%)	1.434s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	104.121s (+3.6%)	104.950s (+3.6%)	0.829s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	107.253s (+10.3% 🔺)	107.731s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.478s	1	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.268s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.738s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.353s (-2.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.658s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.386s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.625s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.417s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.427s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.579s	15	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.175s (+0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.833s	10	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.368s (-21.9% 🟢)	3.767s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.497s (~)	3.571s (-4.6%)	1.074s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.763s (+33.1% 🔺)	5.043s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.280s	6	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.031s (~)	2.689s (+3.5%)	0.658s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.137s (+3.8%)	2.684s (+3.4%)	0.547s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (-0.9%)	3.006s (~)	0.529s	10	1.22x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.507s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.673s (+1.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.335s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	2.677s (+0.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.777s (+0.9%)	5.176s (~)	0.399s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.734s (-27.9% 🟢)	3.685s (-26.8% 🟢)	0.951s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.766s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.813s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.047s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s (+3.5%)	4.514s (-1.3%)	1.006s	7	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.636s (-5.1% 🟢)	4.308s (-3.4%)	0.672s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.925s (+16.1% 🔺)	4.593s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.668s	7	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (-2.3%)	4.724s (~)	0.703s	7	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (+2.8%)	7.416s (+2.8%)	0.530s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.702s (+5.6% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.317s	4	2.12x
💻 Local	Express	7.890s (+4.3%)	8.269s (+3.1%)	0.379s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.015s (+2.2%)	10.350s (~)	0.335s	3	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.867s (-1.2%)	3.586s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.718s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.274s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.321s (+3.6%)	1.047s	8	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.444s (-4.0%)	4.381s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.937s	7	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s (-1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.364s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.647s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.404s (+3.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.606s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.418s (-2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.586s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.438s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.568s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (+1.2%)	2.005s (~)	0.541s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.191s (+2.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.816s	10	1.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.244s (-4.2%)	3.379s (-2.4%)	1.135s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.255s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.561s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.306s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-0.6%)	3.405s (-2.7%)	1.032s	9	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.990s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.598s (-3.1%)	0.607s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.015s (-2.4%)	2.516s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.501s	12	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s (-1.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.612s (+1.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.396s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Express	2.811s (~)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.197s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.816s (+3.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.194s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.726s (~)	5.176s (~)	0.450s	6	2.37x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.477s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.701s (+3.6%)	1.224s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.563s (-1.0%)	3.724s (+3.3%)	1.161s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.817s (-1.9%)	4.077s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.260s	8	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.052s (-1.7%)	5.011s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.959s	6	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.116s (-1.7%)	4.749s (~)	0.633s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.256s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.885s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.629s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.769s (+12.2% 🔺)	8.264s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.495s	4	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	8.568s (+2.4%)	9.022s (~)	0.454s	4	2.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.679s (+8.3% 🔺)	9.272s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.593s	4	2.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.768s (~)	10.348s (~)	0.580s	3	2.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.981s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.912s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.932s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.055s (-7.8% 🟢)	3.899s (-16.5% 🟢)	0.844s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.327s (+4.9%)	4.314s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.987s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-0.7%)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (+4.6%)	1.016s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (-2.0%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.856s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-0.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.182s (+3.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.836s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-3.2%)	0.990s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.823s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.215s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.799s	10	1.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.505s (+0.8%)	0.942s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.503s	10	3.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.751s (+3.6%)	2.570s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.089s (-32.4% 🟢)	3.113s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.362s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.769s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.423s (-0.5%)	0.119s (-4.2%)	3.086s (-2.2%)	1.317s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.831s (+3.0%)	2.750s (+13.8% 🔺)	0.103s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.368s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.538s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	5/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	7/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a7e82ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-express-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	523	0	49	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	554	2	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	111	45	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2484	47	286	2817

❌ Failed Tests

🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	47	0	5
✅ example	47	0	5
✅ express	47	0	5
✅ fastify	47	0	5
✅ hono	47	0	5
✅ nextjs-turbopack	50	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	50	0	2
✅ nitro	47	0	5
✅ nuxt	47	0	5
✅ sveltekit	47	0	5
✅ vite	47	0	5

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
❌ express-stable	44	1	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable	48	1	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	49	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.057s (-5.0%)	1.014s (~)	0.957s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.92x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.087s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.920s	10	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.575s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.108s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.533s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.586s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.087s (-1.3%)	1.502s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.617s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.121s (+4.5%)	1.505s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.108s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.898s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.111s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.117s (-1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+2.3%)	2.014s (~)	0.865s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s (-0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.698s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.123s (+2.8%)	3.592s (+10.9% 🔺)	1.469s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (+11.5% 🔺)	3.255s (-2.0%)	1.016s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.269s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.478s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.209s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.722s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.300s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.738s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.284s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.036s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.845s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.176s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.847s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.175s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.281s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.741s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.772s (+5.8% 🔺)	19.005s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.233s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.863s (+6.6% 🔺)	19.422s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.559s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.710s (+13.9% 🔺)	21.020s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.310s	2	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s (~)	27.052s (~)	0.152s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	27.270s (~)	28.060s (~)	0.790s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.276s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.775s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	27.489s (+0.5%)	28.069s (~)	0.580s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.577s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.475s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.592s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.463s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.579s (~)	31.049s (~)	0.470s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	43.513s (-13.6% 🟢)	45.030s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.517s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.672s (-8.5% 🟢)	46.695s (-8.7% 🟢)	1.023s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	46.086s (-1.1%)	47.525s (~)	1.439s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.361s (~)	55.100s (~)	0.739s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	55.073s (~)	55.591s (~)	0.518s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.478s (+0.6%)	56.112s (~)	0.634s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.844s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.254s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.623s (+0.6%)	58.107s (~)	0.484s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	57.649s (~)	58.106s (~)	0.457s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.065s (~)	61.574s (-0.8%)	0.510s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	100.799s (-1.1%)	102.233s (-0.5%)	1.434s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	104.121s (+3.6%)	104.950s (+3.6%)	0.829s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	107.253s (+10.3% 🔺)	107.731s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.478s	1	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.268s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.738s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.353s (-2.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.658s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.386s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.625s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.417s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.427s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.579s	15	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.175s (+0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.833s	10	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.368s (-21.9% 🟢)	3.767s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.497s (~)	3.571s (-4.6%)	1.074s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.763s (+33.1% 🔺)	5.043s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.280s	6	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.031s (~)	2.689s (+3.5%)	0.658s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.137s (+3.8%)	2.684s (+3.4%)	0.547s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (-0.9%)	3.006s (~)	0.529s	10	1.22x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.507s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.673s (+1.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.335s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	2.677s (+0.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.777s (+0.9%)	5.176s (~)	0.399s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.734s (-27.9% 🟢)	3.685s (-26.8% 🟢)	0.951s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.766s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.813s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.047s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s (+3.5%)	4.514s (-1.3%)	1.006s	7	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.636s (-5.1% 🟢)	4.308s (-3.4%)	0.672s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.925s (+16.1% 🔺)	4.593s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.668s	7	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (-2.3%)	4.724s (~)	0.703s	7	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (+2.8%)	7.416s (+2.8%)	0.530s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.702s (+5.6% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.317s	4	2.12x
💻 Local	Express	7.890s (+4.3%)	8.269s (+3.1%)	0.379s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.015s (+2.2%)	10.350s (~)	0.335s	3	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.867s (-1.2%)	3.586s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.718s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.274s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.321s (+3.6%)	1.047s	8	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.444s (-4.0%)	4.381s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.937s	7	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s (-1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.364s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.647s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.404s (+3.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.606s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.418s (-2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.586s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.438s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.568s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (+1.2%)	2.005s (~)	0.541s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.191s (+2.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.816s	10	1.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.244s (-4.2%)	3.379s (-2.4%)	1.135s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.255s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.561s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.306s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-0.6%)	3.405s (-2.7%)	1.032s	9	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.990s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.598s (-3.1%)	0.607s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.015s (-2.4%)	2.516s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.501s	12	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s (-1.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.612s (+1.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.396s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Express	2.811s (~)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.197s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.816s (+3.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.194s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.726s (~)	5.176s (~)	0.450s	6	2.37x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.477s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.701s (+3.6%)	1.224s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.563s (-1.0%)	3.724s (+3.3%)	1.161s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.817s (-1.9%)	4.077s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.260s	8	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.052s (-1.7%)	5.011s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.959s	6	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.116s (-1.7%)	4.749s (~)	0.633s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.256s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.885s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.629s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.769s (+12.2% 🔺)	8.264s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.495s	4	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	8.568s (+2.4%)	9.022s (~)	0.454s	4	2.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.679s (+8.3% 🔺)	9.272s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.593s	4	2.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.768s (~)	10.348s (~)	0.580s	3	2.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.981s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.912s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.932s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.055s (-7.8% 🟢)	3.899s (-16.5% 🟢)	0.844s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.327s (+4.9%)	4.314s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.987s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-0.7%)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (+4.6%)	1.016s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (-2.0%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.856s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-0.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.182s (+3.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.836s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-3.2%)	0.990s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.823s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.215s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.799s	10	1.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.505s (+0.8%)	0.942s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.503s	10	3.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.751s (+3.6%)	2.570s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.089s (-32.4% 🟢)	3.113s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.362s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.769s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.423s (-0.5%)	0.119s (-4.2%)	3.086s (-2.2%)	1.317s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.831s (+3.0%)	2.750s (+13.8% 🔺)	0.103s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.368s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.538s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	5/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	7/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: a7e82ca

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
example-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-express-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-nest	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment	Feb 27, 2026 7:12pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	523	0	49	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	554	2	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	111	45	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2484	47	286	2817

❌ Failed Tests

🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (45 failed)

turso (45 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	47	0	5
✅ example	47	0	5
✅ express	47	0	5
✅ fastify	47	0	5
✅ hono	47	0	5
✅ nextjs-turbopack	50	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	50	0	2
✅ nitro	47	0	5
✅ nuxt	47	0	5
✅ sveltekit	47	0	5
✅ vite	47	0	5

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
✅ express-stable	45	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	0	7
❌ express-stable	44	1	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	0	7
✅ hono-stable	45	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	0	3
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable	48	1	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	0	7
✅ vite-stable	45	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
✅ mongodb	49	0	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: success
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.964s	10	1.28x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.044s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.057s (-5.0%)	1.014s (~)	0.957s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.062s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.951s	10	1.92x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.087s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.920s	10	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.575s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.108s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.533s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.586s (+18.1% 🔺)	2.087s (-1.3%)	1.502s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.617s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.121s (+4.5%)	1.505s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.096s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.910s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.107s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.899s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.108s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.898s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.111s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.117s (-1.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+2.3%)	2.014s (~)	0.865s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s (-0.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.698s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.123s (+2.8%)	3.592s (+10.9% 🔺)	1.469s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.239s (+11.5% 🔺)	3.255s (-2.0%)	1.016s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.269s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.478s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.209s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.722s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.300s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.738s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.284s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.844s (~)	11.036s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.845s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.176s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.847s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.175s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.945s (~)	11.048s (~)	0.103s	3	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.281s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.741s	3	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.772s (+5.8% 🔺)	19.005s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.233s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.863s (+6.6% 🔺)	19.422s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.559s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	19.710s (+13.9% 🔺)	21.020s (+14.5% 🔺)	1.310s	2	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s (~)	27.052s (~)	0.152s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	27.270s (~)	28.060s (~)	0.790s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.276s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.775s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	27.489s (+0.5%)	28.069s (~)	0.580s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.577s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.475s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	27.592s (~)	28.054s (~)	0.463s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.579s (~)	31.049s (~)	0.470s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	43.513s (-13.6% 🟢)	45.030s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.517s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.672s (-8.5% 🟢)	46.695s (-8.7% 🟢)	1.023s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	46.086s (-1.1%)	47.525s (~)	1.439s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.361s (~)	55.100s (~)	0.739s	2	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	55.073s (~)	55.591s (~)	0.518s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	55.478s (+0.6%)	56.112s (~)	0.634s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.844s (~)	57.098s (~)	0.254s	2	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.623s (+0.6%)	58.107s (~)	0.484s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	57.649s (~)	58.106s (~)	0.457s	2	1.06x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.065s (~)	61.574s (-0.8%)	0.510s	2	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	100.799s (-1.1%)	102.233s (-0.5%)	1.434s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	104.121s (+3.6%)	104.950s (+3.6%)	0.829s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	107.253s (+10.3% 🔺)	107.731s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.478s	1	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.268s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.738s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.353s (-2.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.658s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.386s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.625s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.417s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.589s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	1.427s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.579s	15	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.175s (+0.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.833s	10	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.368s (-21.9% 🟢)	3.767s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.399s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.497s (~)	3.571s (-4.6%)	1.074s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.763s (+33.1% 🔺)	5.043s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.280s	6	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.031s (~)	2.689s (+3.5%)	0.658s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.137s (+3.8%)	2.684s (+3.4%)	0.547s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.477s (-0.9%)	3.006s (~)	0.529s	10	1.22x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.507s	10	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.673s (+1.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.335s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	2.677s (+0.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.777s (+0.9%)	5.176s (~)	0.399s	6	2.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.734s (-27.9% 🟢)	3.685s (-26.8% 🟢)	0.951s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.766s (-13.6% 🟢)	3.813s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.047s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.509s (+3.5%)	4.514s (-1.3%)	1.006s	7	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.636s (-5.1% 🟢)	4.308s (-3.4%)	0.672s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.925s (+16.1% 🔺)	4.593s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.668s	7	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (-2.3%)	4.724s (~)	0.703s	7	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.886s (+2.8%)	7.416s (+2.8%)	0.530s	5	1.89x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.702s (+5.6% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.317s	4	2.12x
💻 Local	Express	7.890s (+4.3%)	8.269s (+3.1%)	0.379s	4	2.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.015s (+2.2%)	10.350s (~)	0.335s	3	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.867s (-1.2%)	3.586s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.718s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.274s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.321s (+3.6%)	1.047s	8	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.444s (-4.0%)	4.381s (-7.5% 🟢)	0.937s	7	1.20x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.249s (-1.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.757s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.364s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.647s	15	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.404s (+3.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.606s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.418s (-2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.586s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.438s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.568s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.464s (+1.2%)	2.005s (~)	0.541s	15	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.191s (+2.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.816s	10	1.75x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.244s (-4.2%)	3.379s (-2.4%)	1.135s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.255s (-14.1% 🟢)	3.561s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.306s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-0.6%)	3.405s (-2.7%)	1.032s	9	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.990s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.598s (-3.1%)	0.607s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.015s (-2.4%)	2.516s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.501s	12	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s (-1.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.519s	10	1.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.612s (+1.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.396s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Express	2.811s (~)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.197s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.816s (+3.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.194s	10	1.41x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.726s (~)	5.176s (~)	0.450s	6	2.37x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.477s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.701s (+3.6%)	1.224s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.563s (-1.0%)	3.724s (+3.3%)	1.161s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.817s (-1.9%)	4.077s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.260s	8	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.052s (-1.7%)	5.011s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.959s	6	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	4.116s (-1.7%)	4.749s (~)	0.633s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.256s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.885s (+13.4% 🔺)	0.629s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.769s (+12.2% 🔺)	8.264s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.495s	4	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	8.568s (+2.4%)	9.022s (~)	0.454s	4	2.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.679s (+8.3% 🔺)	9.272s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.593s	4	2.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.768s (~)	10.348s (~)	0.580s	3	2.41x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.981s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.912s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.932s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.055s (-7.8% 🟢)	3.899s (-16.5% 🟢)	0.844s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.327s (+4.9%)	4.314s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.987s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s (-0.7%)	1.001s (~)	0.011s (+4.6%)	1.016s (~)	0.872s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.151s (-2.0%)	1.000s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.856s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-0.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.843s	10	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	0.182s (+3.7%)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.836s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.189s (-3.2%)	0.990s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.823s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.215s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.799s	10	1.49x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.505s (+0.8%)	0.942s (~)	0.002s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.503s	10	3.51x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.751s (+3.6%)	2.570s (+11.0% 🔺)	0.089s (-32.4% 🟢)	3.113s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.362s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.769s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.423s (-0.5%)	0.119s (-4.2%)	3.086s (-2.2%)	1.317s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.831s (+3.0%)	2.750s (+13.8% 🔺)	0.103s (-30.5% 🟢)	3.368s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.538s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	5/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	7/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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