[web-shared] enrich sleep detail panel and fix attribute capitalization

[karthikscale3]

Changes

• Always prefer externally-fetched spanDetailData for sleep spans, which includes resumeAt/completedAt from correlated events — removes stale special-case that skipped it
• Skip first-letter:uppercase CSS on the workflowCoreVersion attribute label to avoid incorrect casing

How to test

• Open a workflow run with a sleep span and verify resumeAt and completedAt appear in the side panel
• Check that the workflowCoreVersion label renders in its original casing

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9f37423

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

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Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.026s (-21.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.972s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s	1.005s	0.966s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.041s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.971s	10	1.55x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.93x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s	1.008s	0.910s	10	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.420s (-38.6% 🟢)	1.750s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.329s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.443s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.924s (-31.5% 🟢)	1.481s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.455s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.970s (-4.3%)	1.516s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.070s (-3.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.935s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.092s (-3.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.007s	0.902s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.899s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.124s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.888s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.309s	2.008s	0.699s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.036s (~)	3.004s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.968s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.071s (+3.9%)	3.112s (+2.1%)	1.041s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.090s (-0.7%)	3.091s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.492s (-2.7%)	11.023s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.620s (-2.1%)	11.041s (~)	0.421s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.641s	11.023s	0.381s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s	11.024s	0.306s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.797s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.227s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.826s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.215s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.263s	13.025s	0.761s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.382s (~)	19.516s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.134s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.306s (+2.7%)	20.506s (-1.1%)	1.199s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.679s (+21.1% 🔺)	21.134s (+4.8%)	1.455s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	26.380s (-2.1%)	27.058s (~)	0.678s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.474s (-2.7%)	27.050s (-3.6%)	0.576s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.551s	27.049s	0.497s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.912s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.150s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.006s	27.054s	0.048s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.225s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.827s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.569s	31.047s	0.478s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	44.372s (-5.2% 🟢)	45.533s (-4.7%)	1.161s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	45.233s (+2.3%)	45.954s (+0.9%)	0.722s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.614s (+0.9%)	46.737s (-4.7%)	1.123s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	52.675s (-1.9%)	53.099s (-1.8%)	0.424s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.013s	53.095s	0.083s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.725s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.369s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.405s (-3.2%)	55.095s (-3.5%)	0.690s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.662s	56.103s	0.441s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.297s (+0.7%)	57.105s (+1.8%)	0.808s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.934s	61.074s	0.140s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	96.683s (+1.8%)	97.679s (+1.9%)	0.996s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	97.869s (+3.3%)	98.437s (+2.2%)	0.568s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	101.493s (+6.2% 🔺)	102.579s (+2.8%)	1.086s	1	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.007s	0.750s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.283s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.728s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.340s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.665s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.374s (+1.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s	2.006s	0.576s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.574s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.141s	3.009s	0.868s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.304s (-15.3% 🟢)	3.208s (-21.8% 🟢)	0.904s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.361s (-16.2% 🟢)	3.376s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.015s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.783s (+4.6%)	3.547s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.763s	9	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.750s (-17.6% 🟢)	2.155s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.405s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.058s (+6.3% 🔺)	2.514s (+1.5%)	0.456s	12	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	2.265s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.742s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.513s	3.008s	0.495s	10	1.44x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.515s	3.008s	0.493s	10	1.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.674s (+3.3%)	3.008s (~)	0.334s	10	1.53x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.759s	5.178s	0.420s	6	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.509s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.428s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.919s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.704s (-0.6%)	3.568s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.864s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.777s (-13.9% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.2% 🟢)	1.013s	9	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.711s (-23.5% 🟢)	3.461s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.749s	9	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.698s (-10.2% 🟢)	4.598s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.900s	7	1.36x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.048s	4.725s	0.677s	7	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	6.278s (-16.8% 🟢)	7.015s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.737s	5	2.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.606s	8.017s	0.411s	4	2.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.723s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.296s	4	2.85x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.005s	10.686s	0.681s	3	3.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.942s (-8.2% 🟢)	4.130s (-1.2%)	1.189s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.195s (-3.7%)	4.200s (-3.0%)	1.005s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.444s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.399s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.955s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.006s	0.763s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.295s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.715s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.365s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.641s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.366s (-3.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.646s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.005s	0.580s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.443s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.562s	15	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.146s	3.009s	0.864s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.245s (-22.9% 🟢)	3.184s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.351s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.286s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.935s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+1.8%)	3.448s (-38.5% 🟢)	1.049s	9	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.778s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.156s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.378s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.020s (+1.0%)	2.514s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.494s	12	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.353s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.655s	10	1.32x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s	3.008s	0.519s	10	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.302s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.764s (+3.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.244s	10	1.55x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.742s	5.177s	0.436s	6	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-8.0% 🟢)	3.443s (-29.8% 🟢)	1.067s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.665s (+0.7%)	3.569s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.904s	9	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.687s (-19.4% 🟢)	3.556s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.870s	9	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.853s (-14.0% 🟢)	3.765s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.912s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.962s (+0.9%)	4.449s (~)	0.487s	7	1.39x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.012s	4.583s	0.571s	7	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	6.800s (-15.7% 🟢)	7.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	0.216s	5	2.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.002s	8.517s	0.515s	4	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.473s (+5.6% 🔺)	9.021s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.547s	4	2.97x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.034s	10.683s	0.649s	3	3.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.863s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.918s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.207s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.332s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.126s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.561s (+23.2% 🔺)	4.594s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.033s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.107s (-37.5% 🟢)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.137s (-29.7% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.8%)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.876s	10	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.143s	1.000s	0.001s	1.008s	0.864s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.002s	0.013s	1.019s	0.867s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.841s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-4.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.832s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.520s	0.924s	0.002s	1.009s	0.489s	10	4.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.686s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.625s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.107s (-14.9% 🟢)	15.060s (+336.5% 🔺)	13.374s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.761s (+4.1%)	2.504s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.140s (-15.9% 🟢)	3.095s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.334s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.857s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.728s (+35.1% 🔺)	0.134s (+20.8% 🔺)	3.336s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.479s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	7/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, good to ship in the meantime before it'll be reworked with #1261

[karthikscale3]

Changes

• Always prefer externally-fetched spanDetailData for sleep spans, which includes resumeAt/completedAt from correlated events — removes stale special-case that skipped it
• Skip first-letter:uppercase CSS on the workflowCoreVersion attribute label to avoid incorrect casing

How to test

• Open a workflow run with a sleep span and verify resumeAt and completedAt appear in the side panel
• Check that the workflowCoreVersion label renders in its original casing

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9f37423

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.026s (-21.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.972s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s	1.005s	0.966s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.041s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.971s	10	1.55x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.93x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s	1.008s	0.910s	10	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.420s (-38.6% 🟢)	1.750s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.329s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.443s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.924s (-31.5% 🟢)	1.481s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.455s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.970s (-4.3%)	1.516s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.070s (-3.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.935s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.092s (-3.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.007s	0.902s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.899s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.124s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.888s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.309s	2.008s	0.699s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.036s (~)	3.004s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.968s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.071s (+3.9%)	3.112s (+2.1%)	1.041s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.090s (-0.7%)	3.091s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.492s (-2.7%)	11.023s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.620s (-2.1%)	11.041s (~)	0.421s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.641s	11.023s	0.381s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s	11.024s	0.306s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.797s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.227s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.826s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.215s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.263s	13.025s	0.761s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.382s (~)	19.516s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.134s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.306s (+2.7%)	20.506s (-1.1%)	1.199s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.679s (+21.1% 🔺)	21.134s (+4.8%)	1.455s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	26.380s (-2.1%)	27.058s (~)	0.678s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.474s (-2.7%)	27.050s (-3.6%)	0.576s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.551s	27.049s	0.497s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.912s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.150s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.006s	27.054s	0.048s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.225s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.827s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.569s	31.047s	0.478s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	44.372s (-5.2% 🟢)	45.533s (-4.7%)	1.161s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	45.233s (+2.3%)	45.954s (+0.9%)	0.722s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.614s (+0.9%)	46.737s (-4.7%)	1.123s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	52.675s (-1.9%)	53.099s (-1.8%)	0.424s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.013s	53.095s	0.083s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.725s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.369s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.405s (-3.2%)	55.095s (-3.5%)	0.690s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.662s	56.103s	0.441s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.297s (+0.7%)	57.105s (+1.8%)	0.808s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.934s	61.074s	0.140s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	96.683s (+1.8%)	97.679s (+1.9%)	0.996s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	97.869s (+3.3%)	98.437s (+2.2%)	0.568s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	101.493s (+6.2% 🔺)	102.579s (+2.8%)	1.086s	1	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.007s	0.750s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.283s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.728s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.340s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.665s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.374s (+1.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s	2.006s	0.576s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.574s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.141s	3.009s	0.868s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.304s (-15.3% 🟢)	3.208s (-21.8% 🟢)	0.904s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.361s (-16.2% 🟢)	3.376s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.015s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.783s (+4.6%)	3.547s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.763s	9	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.750s (-17.6% 🟢)	2.155s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.405s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.058s (+6.3% 🔺)	2.514s (+1.5%)	0.456s	12	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	2.265s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.742s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.513s	3.008s	0.495s	10	1.44x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.515s	3.008s	0.493s	10	1.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.674s (+3.3%)	3.008s (~)	0.334s	10	1.53x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.759s	5.178s	0.420s	6	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.509s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.428s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.919s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.704s (-0.6%)	3.568s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.864s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.777s (-13.9% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.2% 🟢)	1.013s	9	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.711s (-23.5% 🟢)	3.461s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.749s	9	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.698s (-10.2% 🟢)	4.598s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.900s	7	1.36x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.048s	4.725s	0.677s	7	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	6.278s (-16.8% 🟢)	7.015s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.737s	5	2.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.606s	8.017s	0.411s	4	2.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.723s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.296s	4	2.85x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.005s	10.686s	0.681s	3	3.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.942s (-8.2% 🟢)	4.130s (-1.2%)	1.189s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.195s (-3.7%)	4.200s (-3.0%)	1.005s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.444s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.399s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.955s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.006s	0.763s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.295s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.715s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.365s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.641s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.366s (-3.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.646s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.005s	0.580s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.443s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.562s	15	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.146s	3.009s	0.864s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.245s (-22.9% 🟢)	3.184s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.351s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.286s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.935s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+1.8%)	3.448s (-38.5% 🟢)	1.049s	9	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.778s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.156s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.378s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.020s (+1.0%)	2.514s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.494s	12	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.353s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.655s	10	1.32x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s	3.008s	0.519s	10	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.302s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.764s (+3.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.244s	10	1.55x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.742s	5.177s	0.436s	6	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-8.0% 🟢)	3.443s (-29.8% 🟢)	1.067s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.665s (+0.7%)	3.569s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.904s	9	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.687s (-19.4% 🟢)	3.556s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.870s	9	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.853s (-14.0% 🟢)	3.765s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.912s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.962s (+0.9%)	4.449s (~)	0.487s	7	1.39x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.012s	4.583s	0.571s	7	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	6.800s (-15.7% 🟢)	7.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	0.216s	5	2.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.002s	8.517s	0.515s	4	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.473s (+5.6% 🔺)	9.021s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.547s	4	2.97x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.034s	10.683s	0.649s	3	3.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.863s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.918s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.207s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.332s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.126s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.561s (+23.2% 🔺)	4.594s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.033s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.107s (-37.5% 🟢)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.137s (-29.7% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.8%)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.876s	10	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.143s	1.000s	0.001s	1.008s	0.864s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.002s	0.013s	1.019s	0.867s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.841s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-4.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.832s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.520s	0.924s	0.002s	1.009s	0.489s	10	4.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.686s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.625s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.107s (-14.9% 🟢)	15.060s (+336.5% 🔺)	13.374s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.761s (+4.1%)	2.504s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.140s (-15.9% 🟢)	3.095s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.334s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.857s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.728s (+35.1% 🔺)	0.134s (+20.8% 🔺)	3.336s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.479s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	7/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, good to ship in the meantime before it'll be reworked with #1261

[karthikscale3]

Changes

• Always prefer externally-fetched spanDetailData for sleep spans, which includes resumeAt/completedAt from correlated events — removes stale special-case that skipped it
• Skip first-letter:uppercase CSS on the workflowCoreVersion attribute label to avoid incorrect casing

How to test

• Open a workflow run with a sleep span and verify resumeAt and completedAt appear in the side panel
• Check that the workflowCoreVersion label renders in its original casing

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9f37423

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.026s (-21.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.972s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s	1.005s	0.966s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.041s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.971s	10	1.55x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.93x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s	1.008s	0.910s	10	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.420s (-38.6% 🟢)	1.750s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.329s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.443s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.924s (-31.5% 🟢)	1.481s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.455s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.970s (-4.3%)	1.516s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.070s (-3.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.935s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.092s (-3.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.007s	0.902s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.899s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.124s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.888s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.309s	2.008s	0.699s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.036s (~)	3.004s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.968s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.071s (+3.9%)	3.112s (+2.1%)	1.041s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.090s (-0.7%)	3.091s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.492s (-2.7%)	11.023s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.620s (-2.1%)	11.041s (~)	0.421s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.641s	11.023s	0.381s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s	11.024s	0.306s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.797s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.227s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.826s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.215s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.263s	13.025s	0.761s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.382s (~)	19.516s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.134s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.306s (+2.7%)	20.506s (-1.1%)	1.199s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.679s (+21.1% 🔺)	21.134s (+4.8%)	1.455s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	26.380s (-2.1%)	27.058s (~)	0.678s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.474s (-2.7%)	27.050s (-3.6%)	0.576s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.551s	27.049s	0.497s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.912s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.150s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.006s	27.054s	0.048s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.225s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.827s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.569s	31.047s	0.478s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	44.372s (-5.2% 🟢)	45.533s (-4.7%)	1.161s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	45.233s (+2.3%)	45.954s (+0.9%)	0.722s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.614s (+0.9%)	46.737s (-4.7%)	1.123s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	52.675s (-1.9%)	53.099s (-1.8%)	0.424s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.013s	53.095s	0.083s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.725s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.369s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.405s (-3.2%)	55.095s (-3.5%)	0.690s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.662s	56.103s	0.441s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.297s (+0.7%)	57.105s (+1.8%)	0.808s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.934s	61.074s	0.140s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	96.683s (+1.8%)	97.679s (+1.9%)	0.996s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	97.869s (+3.3%)	98.437s (+2.2%)	0.568s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	101.493s (+6.2% 🔺)	102.579s (+2.8%)	1.086s	1	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.007s	0.750s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.283s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.728s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.340s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.665s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.374s (+1.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s	2.006s	0.576s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.574s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.141s	3.009s	0.868s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.304s (-15.3% 🟢)	3.208s (-21.8% 🟢)	0.904s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.361s (-16.2% 🟢)	3.376s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.015s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.783s (+4.6%)	3.547s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.763s	9	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.750s (-17.6% 🟢)	2.155s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.405s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.058s (+6.3% 🔺)	2.514s (+1.5%)	0.456s	12	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	2.265s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.742s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.513s	3.008s	0.495s	10	1.44x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.515s	3.008s	0.493s	10	1.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.674s (+3.3%)	3.008s (~)	0.334s	10	1.53x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.759s	5.178s	0.420s	6	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.509s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.428s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.919s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.704s (-0.6%)	3.568s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.864s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.777s (-13.9% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.2% 🟢)	1.013s	9	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.711s (-23.5% 🟢)	3.461s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.749s	9	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.698s (-10.2% 🟢)	4.598s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.900s	7	1.36x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.048s	4.725s	0.677s	7	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	6.278s (-16.8% 🟢)	7.015s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.737s	5	2.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.606s	8.017s	0.411s	4	2.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.723s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.296s	4	2.85x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.005s	10.686s	0.681s	3	3.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.942s (-8.2% 🟢)	4.130s (-1.2%)	1.189s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.195s (-3.7%)	4.200s (-3.0%)	1.005s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.444s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.399s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.955s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.006s	0.763s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.295s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.715s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.365s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.641s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.366s (-3.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.646s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.005s	0.580s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.443s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.562s	15	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.146s	3.009s	0.864s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.245s (-22.9% 🟢)	3.184s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.351s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.286s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.935s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+1.8%)	3.448s (-38.5% 🟢)	1.049s	9	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.778s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.156s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.378s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.020s (+1.0%)	2.514s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.494s	12	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.353s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.655s	10	1.32x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s	3.008s	0.519s	10	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.302s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.764s (+3.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.244s	10	1.55x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.742s	5.177s	0.436s	6	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-8.0% 🟢)	3.443s (-29.8% 🟢)	1.067s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.665s (+0.7%)	3.569s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.904s	9	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.687s (-19.4% 🟢)	3.556s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.870s	9	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.853s (-14.0% 🟢)	3.765s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.912s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.962s (+0.9%)	4.449s (~)	0.487s	7	1.39x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.012s	4.583s	0.571s	7	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	6.800s (-15.7% 🟢)	7.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	0.216s	5	2.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.002s	8.517s	0.515s	4	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.473s (+5.6% 🔺)	9.021s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.547s	4	2.97x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.034s	10.683s	0.649s	3	3.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.863s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.918s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.207s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.332s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.126s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.561s (+23.2% 🔺)	4.594s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.033s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.107s (-37.5% 🟢)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.137s (-29.7% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.8%)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.876s	10	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.143s	1.000s	0.001s	1.008s	0.864s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.002s	0.013s	1.019s	0.867s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.841s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-4.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.832s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.520s	0.924s	0.002s	1.009s	0.489s	10	4.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.686s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.625s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.107s (-14.9% 🟢)	15.060s (+336.5% 🔺)	13.374s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.761s (+4.1%)	2.504s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.140s (-15.9% 🟢)	3.095s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.334s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.857s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.728s (+35.1% 🔺)	0.134s (+20.8% 🔺)	3.336s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.479s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	7/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, good to ship in the meantime before it'll be reworked with #1261

[karthikscale3]

Changes

• Always prefer externally-fetched spanDetailData for sleep spans, which includes resumeAt/completedAt from correlated events — removes stale special-case that skipped it
• Skip first-letter:uppercase CSS on the workflowCoreVersion attribute label to avoid incorrect casing

How to test

• Open a workflow run with a sleep span and verify resumeAt and completedAt appear in the side panel
• Check that the workflowCoreVersion label renders in its original casing

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9f37423

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.026s (-21.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.972s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s	1.005s	0.966s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.041s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.971s	10	1.55x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.93x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s	1.008s	0.910s	10	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.420s (-38.6% 🟢)	1.750s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.329s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.443s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.924s (-31.5% 🟢)	1.481s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.455s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.970s (-4.3%)	1.516s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.070s (-3.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.935s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.092s (-3.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.007s	0.902s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.899s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.124s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.888s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.309s	2.008s	0.699s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.036s (~)	3.004s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.968s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.071s (+3.9%)	3.112s (+2.1%)	1.041s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.090s (-0.7%)	3.091s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.492s (-2.7%)	11.023s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.620s (-2.1%)	11.041s (~)	0.421s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.641s	11.023s	0.381s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s	11.024s	0.306s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.797s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.227s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.826s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.215s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.263s	13.025s	0.761s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.382s (~)	19.516s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.134s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.306s (+2.7%)	20.506s (-1.1%)	1.199s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.679s (+21.1% 🔺)	21.134s (+4.8%)	1.455s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	26.380s (-2.1%)	27.058s (~)	0.678s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.474s (-2.7%)	27.050s (-3.6%)	0.576s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.551s	27.049s	0.497s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.912s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.150s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.006s	27.054s	0.048s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.225s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.827s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.569s	31.047s	0.478s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	44.372s (-5.2% 🟢)	45.533s (-4.7%)	1.161s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	45.233s (+2.3%)	45.954s (+0.9%)	0.722s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.614s (+0.9%)	46.737s (-4.7%)	1.123s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	52.675s (-1.9%)	53.099s (-1.8%)	0.424s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.013s	53.095s	0.083s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.725s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.369s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.405s (-3.2%)	55.095s (-3.5%)	0.690s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.662s	56.103s	0.441s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.297s (+0.7%)	57.105s (+1.8%)	0.808s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.934s	61.074s	0.140s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	96.683s (+1.8%)	97.679s (+1.9%)	0.996s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	97.869s (+3.3%)	98.437s (+2.2%)	0.568s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	101.493s (+6.2% 🔺)	102.579s (+2.8%)	1.086s	1	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.007s	0.750s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.283s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.728s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.340s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.665s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.374s (+1.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s	2.006s	0.576s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.574s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.141s	3.009s	0.868s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.304s (-15.3% 🟢)	3.208s (-21.8% 🟢)	0.904s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.361s (-16.2% 🟢)	3.376s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.015s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.783s (+4.6%)	3.547s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.763s	9	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.750s (-17.6% 🟢)	2.155s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.405s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.058s (+6.3% 🔺)	2.514s (+1.5%)	0.456s	12	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	2.265s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.742s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.513s	3.008s	0.495s	10	1.44x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.515s	3.008s	0.493s	10	1.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.674s (+3.3%)	3.008s (~)	0.334s	10	1.53x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.759s	5.178s	0.420s	6	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.509s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.428s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.919s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.704s (-0.6%)	3.568s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.864s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.777s (-13.9% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.2% 🟢)	1.013s	9	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.711s (-23.5% 🟢)	3.461s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.749s	9	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.698s (-10.2% 🟢)	4.598s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.900s	7	1.36x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.048s	4.725s	0.677s	7	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	6.278s (-16.8% 🟢)	7.015s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.737s	5	2.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.606s	8.017s	0.411s	4	2.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.723s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.296s	4	2.85x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.005s	10.686s	0.681s	3	3.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.942s (-8.2% 🟢)	4.130s (-1.2%)	1.189s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.195s (-3.7%)	4.200s (-3.0%)	1.005s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.444s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.399s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.955s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.006s	0.763s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.295s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.715s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.365s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.641s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.366s (-3.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.646s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.005s	0.580s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.443s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.562s	15	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.146s	3.009s	0.864s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.245s (-22.9% 🟢)	3.184s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.351s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.286s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.935s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+1.8%)	3.448s (-38.5% 🟢)	1.049s	9	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.778s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.156s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.378s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.020s (+1.0%)	2.514s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.494s	12	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.353s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.655s	10	1.32x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s	3.008s	0.519s	10	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.302s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.764s (+3.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.244s	10	1.55x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.742s	5.177s	0.436s	6	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-8.0% 🟢)	3.443s (-29.8% 🟢)	1.067s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.665s (+0.7%)	3.569s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.904s	9	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.687s (-19.4% 🟢)	3.556s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.870s	9	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.853s (-14.0% 🟢)	3.765s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.912s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.962s (+0.9%)	4.449s (~)	0.487s	7	1.39x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.012s	4.583s	0.571s	7	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	6.800s (-15.7% 🟢)	7.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	0.216s	5	2.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.002s	8.517s	0.515s	4	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.473s (+5.6% 🔺)	9.021s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.547s	4	2.97x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.034s	10.683s	0.649s	3	3.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.863s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.918s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.207s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.332s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.126s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.561s (+23.2% 🔺)	4.594s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.033s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.107s (-37.5% 🟢)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.137s (-29.7% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.8%)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.876s	10	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.143s	1.000s	0.001s	1.008s	0.864s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.002s	0.013s	1.019s	0.867s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.841s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-4.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.832s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.520s	0.924s	0.002s	1.009s	0.489s	10	4.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.686s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.625s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.107s (-14.9% 🟢)	15.060s (+336.5% 🔺)	13.374s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.761s (+4.1%)	2.504s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.140s (-15.9% 🟢)	3.095s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.334s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.857s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.728s (+35.1% 🔺)	0.134s (+20.8% 🔺)	3.336s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.479s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	7/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, good to ship in the meantime before it'll be reworked with #1261

[karthikscale3]

Changes

• Always prefer externally-fetched spanDetailData for sleep spans, which includes resumeAt/completedAt from correlated events — removes stale special-case that skipped it
• Skip first-letter:uppercase CSS on the workflowCoreVersion attribute label to avoid incorrect casing

How to test

• Open a workflow run with a sleep span and verify resumeAt and completedAt appear in the side panel
• Check that the workflowCoreVersion label renders in its original casing

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9f37423

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.026s (-21.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.972s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s	1.005s	0.966s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.041s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.971s	10	1.55x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.93x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s	1.008s	0.910s	10	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.420s (-38.6% 🟢)	1.750s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.329s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.443s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.924s (-31.5% 🟢)	1.481s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.455s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.970s (-4.3%)	1.516s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.070s (-3.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.935s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.092s (-3.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.007s	0.902s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.899s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.124s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.888s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.309s	2.008s	0.699s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.036s (~)	3.004s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.968s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.071s (+3.9%)	3.112s (+2.1%)	1.041s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.090s (-0.7%)	3.091s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.492s (-2.7%)	11.023s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.620s (-2.1%)	11.041s (~)	0.421s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.641s	11.023s	0.381s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s	11.024s	0.306s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.797s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.227s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.826s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.215s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.263s	13.025s	0.761s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.382s (~)	19.516s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.134s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.306s (+2.7%)	20.506s (-1.1%)	1.199s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.679s (+21.1% 🔺)	21.134s (+4.8%)	1.455s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	26.380s (-2.1%)	27.058s (~)	0.678s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.474s (-2.7%)	27.050s (-3.6%)	0.576s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.551s	27.049s	0.497s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.912s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.150s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.006s	27.054s	0.048s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.225s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.827s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.569s	31.047s	0.478s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	44.372s (-5.2% 🟢)	45.533s (-4.7%)	1.161s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	45.233s (+2.3%)	45.954s (+0.9%)	0.722s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.614s (+0.9%)	46.737s (-4.7%)	1.123s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	52.675s (-1.9%)	53.099s (-1.8%)	0.424s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.013s	53.095s	0.083s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.725s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.369s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.405s (-3.2%)	55.095s (-3.5%)	0.690s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.662s	56.103s	0.441s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.297s (+0.7%)	57.105s (+1.8%)	0.808s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.934s	61.074s	0.140s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	96.683s (+1.8%)	97.679s (+1.9%)	0.996s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	97.869s (+3.3%)	98.437s (+2.2%)	0.568s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	101.493s (+6.2% 🔺)	102.579s (+2.8%)	1.086s	1	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.007s	0.750s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.283s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.728s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.340s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.665s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.374s (+1.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s	2.006s	0.576s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.574s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.141s	3.009s	0.868s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.304s (-15.3% 🟢)	3.208s (-21.8% 🟢)	0.904s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.361s (-16.2% 🟢)	3.376s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.015s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.783s (+4.6%)	3.547s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.763s	9	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.750s (-17.6% 🟢)	2.155s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.405s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.058s (+6.3% 🔺)	2.514s (+1.5%)	0.456s	12	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	2.265s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.742s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.513s	3.008s	0.495s	10	1.44x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.515s	3.008s	0.493s	10	1.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.674s (+3.3%)	3.008s (~)	0.334s	10	1.53x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.759s	5.178s	0.420s	6	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.509s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.428s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.919s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.704s (-0.6%)	3.568s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.864s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.777s (-13.9% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.2% 🟢)	1.013s	9	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.711s (-23.5% 🟢)	3.461s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.749s	9	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.698s (-10.2% 🟢)	4.598s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.900s	7	1.36x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.048s	4.725s	0.677s	7	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	6.278s (-16.8% 🟢)	7.015s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.737s	5	2.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.606s	8.017s	0.411s	4	2.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.723s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.296s	4	2.85x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.005s	10.686s	0.681s	3	3.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.942s (-8.2% 🟢)	4.130s (-1.2%)	1.189s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.195s (-3.7%)	4.200s (-3.0%)	1.005s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.444s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.399s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.955s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.006s	0.763s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.295s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.715s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.365s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.641s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.366s (-3.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.646s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.005s	0.580s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.443s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.562s	15	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.146s	3.009s	0.864s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.245s (-22.9% 🟢)	3.184s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.351s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.286s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.935s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+1.8%)	3.448s (-38.5% 🟢)	1.049s	9	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.778s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.156s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.378s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.020s (+1.0%)	2.514s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.494s	12	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.353s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.655s	10	1.32x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s	3.008s	0.519s	10	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.302s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.764s (+3.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.244s	10	1.55x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.742s	5.177s	0.436s	6	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-8.0% 🟢)	3.443s (-29.8% 🟢)	1.067s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.665s (+0.7%)	3.569s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.904s	9	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.687s (-19.4% 🟢)	3.556s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.870s	9	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.853s (-14.0% 🟢)	3.765s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.912s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.962s (+0.9%)	4.449s (~)	0.487s	7	1.39x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.012s	4.583s	0.571s	7	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	6.800s (-15.7% 🟢)	7.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	0.216s	5	2.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.002s	8.517s	0.515s	4	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.473s (+5.6% 🔺)	9.021s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.547s	4	2.97x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.034s	10.683s	0.649s	3	3.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.863s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.918s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.207s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.332s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.126s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.561s (+23.2% 🔺)	4.594s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.033s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.107s (-37.5% 🟢)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.137s (-29.7% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.8%)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.876s	10	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.143s	1.000s	0.001s	1.008s	0.864s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.002s	0.013s	1.019s	0.867s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.841s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-4.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.832s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.520s	0.924s	0.002s	1.009s	0.489s	10	4.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.686s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.625s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.107s (-14.9% 🟢)	15.060s (+336.5% 🔺)	13.374s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.761s (+4.1%)	2.504s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.140s (-15.9% 🟢)	3.095s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.334s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.857s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.728s (+35.1% 🔺)	0.134s (+20.8% 🔺)	3.336s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.479s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	7/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, good to ship in the meantime before it'll be reworked with #1261

[karthikscale3]

Changes

• Always prefer externally-fetched spanDetailData for sleep spans, which includes resumeAt/completedAt from correlated events — removes stale special-case that skipped it
• Skip first-letter:uppercase CSS on the workflowCoreVersion attribute label to avoid incorrect casing

How to test

• Open a workflow run with a sleep span and verify resumeAt and completedAt appear in the side panel
• Check that the workflowCoreVersion label renders in its original casing

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9f37423

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.026s (-21.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.972s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s	1.005s	0.966s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.041s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.971s	10	1.55x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.93x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s	1.008s	0.910s	10	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.420s (-38.6% 🟢)	1.750s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.329s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.443s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.924s (-31.5% 🟢)	1.481s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.455s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.970s (-4.3%)	1.516s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.070s (-3.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.935s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.092s (-3.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.007s	0.902s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.899s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.124s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.888s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.309s	2.008s	0.699s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.036s (~)	3.004s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.968s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.071s (+3.9%)	3.112s (+2.1%)	1.041s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.090s (-0.7%)	3.091s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.492s (-2.7%)	11.023s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.620s (-2.1%)	11.041s (~)	0.421s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.641s	11.023s	0.381s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s	11.024s	0.306s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.797s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.227s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.826s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.215s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.263s	13.025s	0.761s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.382s (~)	19.516s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.134s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.306s (+2.7%)	20.506s (-1.1%)	1.199s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.679s (+21.1% 🔺)	21.134s (+4.8%)	1.455s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	26.380s (-2.1%)	27.058s (~)	0.678s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.474s (-2.7%)	27.050s (-3.6%)	0.576s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.551s	27.049s	0.497s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.912s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.150s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.006s	27.054s	0.048s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.225s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.827s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.569s	31.047s	0.478s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	44.372s (-5.2% 🟢)	45.533s (-4.7%)	1.161s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	45.233s (+2.3%)	45.954s (+0.9%)	0.722s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.614s (+0.9%)	46.737s (-4.7%)	1.123s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	52.675s (-1.9%)	53.099s (-1.8%)	0.424s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.013s	53.095s	0.083s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.725s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.369s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.405s (-3.2%)	55.095s (-3.5%)	0.690s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.662s	56.103s	0.441s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.297s (+0.7%)	57.105s (+1.8%)	0.808s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.934s	61.074s	0.140s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	96.683s (+1.8%)	97.679s (+1.9%)	0.996s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	97.869s (+3.3%)	98.437s (+2.2%)	0.568s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	101.493s (+6.2% 🔺)	102.579s (+2.8%)	1.086s	1	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.007s	0.750s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.283s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.728s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.340s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.665s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.374s (+1.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s	2.006s	0.576s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.574s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.141s	3.009s	0.868s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.304s (-15.3% 🟢)	3.208s (-21.8% 🟢)	0.904s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.361s (-16.2% 🟢)	3.376s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.015s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.783s (+4.6%)	3.547s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.763s	9	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.750s (-17.6% 🟢)	2.155s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.405s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.058s (+6.3% 🔺)	2.514s (+1.5%)	0.456s	12	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	2.265s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.742s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.513s	3.008s	0.495s	10	1.44x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.515s	3.008s	0.493s	10	1.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.674s (+3.3%)	3.008s (~)	0.334s	10	1.53x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.759s	5.178s	0.420s	6	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.509s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.428s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.919s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.704s (-0.6%)	3.568s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.864s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.777s (-13.9% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.2% 🟢)	1.013s	9	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.711s (-23.5% 🟢)	3.461s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.749s	9	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.698s (-10.2% 🟢)	4.598s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.900s	7	1.36x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.048s	4.725s	0.677s	7	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	6.278s (-16.8% 🟢)	7.015s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.737s	5	2.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.606s	8.017s	0.411s	4	2.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.723s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.296s	4	2.85x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.005s	10.686s	0.681s	3	3.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.942s (-8.2% 🟢)	4.130s (-1.2%)	1.189s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.195s (-3.7%)	4.200s (-3.0%)	1.005s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.444s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.399s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.955s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.006s	0.763s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.295s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.715s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.365s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.641s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.366s (-3.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.646s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.005s	0.580s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.443s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.562s	15	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.146s	3.009s	0.864s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.245s (-22.9% 🟢)	3.184s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.351s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.286s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.935s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+1.8%)	3.448s (-38.5% 🟢)	1.049s	9	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.778s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.156s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.378s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.020s (+1.0%)	2.514s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.494s	12	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.353s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.655s	10	1.32x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s	3.008s	0.519s	10	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.302s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.764s (+3.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.244s	10	1.55x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.742s	5.177s	0.436s	6	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-8.0% 🟢)	3.443s (-29.8% 🟢)	1.067s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.665s (+0.7%)	3.569s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.904s	9	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.687s (-19.4% 🟢)	3.556s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.870s	9	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.853s (-14.0% 🟢)	3.765s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.912s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.962s (+0.9%)	4.449s (~)	0.487s	7	1.39x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.012s	4.583s	0.571s	7	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	6.800s (-15.7% 🟢)	7.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	0.216s	5	2.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.002s	8.517s	0.515s	4	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.473s (+5.6% 🔺)	9.021s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.547s	4	2.97x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.034s	10.683s	0.649s	3	3.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.863s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.918s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.207s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.332s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.126s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.561s (+23.2% 🔺)	4.594s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.033s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.107s (-37.5% 🟢)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.137s (-29.7% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.8%)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.876s	10	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.143s	1.000s	0.001s	1.008s	0.864s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.002s	0.013s	1.019s	0.867s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.841s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-4.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.832s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.520s	0.924s	0.002s	1.009s	0.489s	10	4.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.686s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.625s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.107s (-14.9% 🟢)	15.060s (+336.5% 🔺)	13.374s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.761s (+4.1%)	2.504s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.140s (-15.9% 🟢)	3.095s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.334s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.857s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.728s (+35.1% 🔺)	0.134s (+20.8% 🔺)	3.336s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.479s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	7/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, good to ship in the meantime before it'll be reworked with #1261

[karthikscale3]

Changes

• Always prefer externally-fetched spanDetailData for sleep spans, which includes resumeAt/completedAt from correlated events — removes stale special-case that skipped it
• Skip first-letter:uppercase CSS on the workflowCoreVersion attribute label to avoid incorrect casing

How to test

• Open a workflow run with a sleep span and verify resumeAt and completedAt appear in the side panel
• Check that the workflowCoreVersion label renders in its original casing

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9f37423

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.026s (-21.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.972s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s	1.005s	0.966s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.041s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.971s	10	1.55x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.93x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s	1.008s	0.910s	10	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.420s (-38.6% 🟢)	1.750s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.329s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.443s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.924s (-31.5% 🟢)	1.481s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.455s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.970s (-4.3%)	1.516s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.070s (-3.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.935s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.092s (-3.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.007s	0.902s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.899s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.124s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.888s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.309s	2.008s	0.699s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.036s (~)	3.004s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.968s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.071s (+3.9%)	3.112s (+2.1%)	1.041s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.090s (-0.7%)	3.091s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.492s (-2.7%)	11.023s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.620s (-2.1%)	11.041s (~)	0.421s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.641s	11.023s	0.381s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s	11.024s	0.306s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.797s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.227s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.826s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.215s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.263s	13.025s	0.761s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.382s (~)	19.516s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.134s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.306s (+2.7%)	20.506s (-1.1%)	1.199s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.679s (+21.1% 🔺)	21.134s (+4.8%)	1.455s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	26.380s (-2.1%)	27.058s (~)	0.678s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.474s (-2.7%)	27.050s (-3.6%)	0.576s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.551s	27.049s	0.497s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.912s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.150s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.006s	27.054s	0.048s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.225s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.827s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.569s	31.047s	0.478s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	44.372s (-5.2% 🟢)	45.533s (-4.7%)	1.161s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	45.233s (+2.3%)	45.954s (+0.9%)	0.722s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.614s (+0.9%)	46.737s (-4.7%)	1.123s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	52.675s (-1.9%)	53.099s (-1.8%)	0.424s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.013s	53.095s	0.083s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.725s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.369s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.405s (-3.2%)	55.095s (-3.5%)	0.690s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.662s	56.103s	0.441s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.297s (+0.7%)	57.105s (+1.8%)	0.808s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.934s	61.074s	0.140s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	96.683s (+1.8%)	97.679s (+1.9%)	0.996s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	97.869s (+3.3%)	98.437s (+2.2%)	0.568s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	101.493s (+6.2% 🔺)	102.579s (+2.8%)	1.086s	1	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.007s	0.750s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.283s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.728s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.340s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.665s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.374s (+1.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s	2.006s	0.576s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.574s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.141s	3.009s	0.868s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.304s (-15.3% 🟢)	3.208s (-21.8% 🟢)	0.904s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.361s (-16.2% 🟢)	3.376s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.015s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.783s (+4.6%)	3.547s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.763s	9	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.750s (-17.6% 🟢)	2.155s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.405s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.058s (+6.3% 🔺)	2.514s (+1.5%)	0.456s	12	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	2.265s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.742s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.513s	3.008s	0.495s	10	1.44x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.515s	3.008s	0.493s	10	1.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.674s (+3.3%)	3.008s (~)	0.334s	10	1.53x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.759s	5.178s	0.420s	6	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.509s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.428s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.919s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.704s (-0.6%)	3.568s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.864s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.777s (-13.9% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.2% 🟢)	1.013s	9	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.711s (-23.5% 🟢)	3.461s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.749s	9	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.698s (-10.2% 🟢)	4.598s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.900s	7	1.36x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.048s	4.725s	0.677s	7	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	6.278s (-16.8% 🟢)	7.015s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.737s	5	2.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.606s	8.017s	0.411s	4	2.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.723s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.296s	4	2.85x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.005s	10.686s	0.681s	3	3.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.942s (-8.2% 🟢)	4.130s (-1.2%)	1.189s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.195s (-3.7%)	4.200s (-3.0%)	1.005s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.444s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.399s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.955s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.006s	0.763s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.295s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.715s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.365s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.641s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.366s (-3.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.646s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.005s	0.580s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.443s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.562s	15	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.146s	3.009s	0.864s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.245s (-22.9% 🟢)	3.184s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.351s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.286s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.935s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+1.8%)	3.448s (-38.5% 🟢)	1.049s	9	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.778s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.156s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.378s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.020s (+1.0%)	2.514s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.494s	12	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.353s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.655s	10	1.32x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s	3.008s	0.519s	10	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.302s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.764s (+3.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.244s	10	1.55x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.742s	5.177s	0.436s	6	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-8.0% 🟢)	3.443s (-29.8% 🟢)	1.067s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.665s (+0.7%)	3.569s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.904s	9	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.687s (-19.4% 🟢)	3.556s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.870s	9	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.853s (-14.0% 🟢)	3.765s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.912s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.962s (+0.9%)	4.449s (~)	0.487s	7	1.39x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.012s	4.583s	0.571s	7	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	6.800s (-15.7% 🟢)	7.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	0.216s	5	2.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.002s	8.517s	0.515s	4	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.473s (+5.6% 🔺)	9.021s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.547s	4	2.97x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.034s	10.683s	0.649s	3	3.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.863s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.918s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.207s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.332s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.126s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.561s (+23.2% 🔺)	4.594s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.033s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.107s (-37.5% 🟢)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.137s (-29.7% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.8%)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.876s	10	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.143s	1.000s	0.001s	1.008s	0.864s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.002s	0.013s	1.019s	0.867s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.841s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-4.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.832s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.520s	0.924s	0.002s	1.009s	0.489s	10	4.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.686s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.625s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.107s (-14.9% 🟢)	15.060s (+336.5% 🔺)	13.374s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.761s (+4.1%)	2.504s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.140s (-15.9% 🟢)	3.095s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.334s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.857s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.728s (+35.1% 🔺)	0.134s (+20.8% 🔺)	3.336s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.479s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	7/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, good to ship in the meantime before it'll be reworked with #1261

[karthikscale3]

Changes

• Always prefer externally-fetched spanDetailData for sleep spans, which includes resumeAt/completedAt from correlated events — removes stale special-case that skipped it
• Skip first-letter:uppercase CSS on the workflowCoreVersion attribute label to avoid incorrect casing

How to test

• Open a workflow run with a sleep span and verify resumeAt and completedAt appear in the side panel
• Check that the workflowCoreVersion label renders in its original casing

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9f37423

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 9, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	571	0	67	638
✅ 💻 Local Development	612	0	84	696
✅ 📦 Local Production	612	0	84	696
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	612	0	84	696
✅ 🪟 Windows	55	0	3	58
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	118	56	15	189
✅ 📋 Other	147	0	27	174
Total	2727	56	364	3147

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (56 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (51 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	51	0	7
✅ example	51	0	7
✅ express	51	0	7
✅ fastify	51	0	7
✅ hono	51	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	56	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	56	0	2
✅ nitro	51	0	7
✅ nuxt	51	0	7
✅ sveltekit	51	0	7
✅ vite	51	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	49	0	9
✅ express-stable	49	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	49	0	9
✅ hono-stable	49	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	55	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	55	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	49	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	49	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	49	0	9
✅ vite-stable	49	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	52	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	53	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	51	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	49	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	49	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.026s (-21.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.978s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.972s	10	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s	1.005s	0.966s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.041s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.971s	10	1.55x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.051s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.93x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s	1.008s	0.910s	10	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.420s (-38.6% 🟢)	1.750s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.329s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.443s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.924s (-31.5% 🟢)	1.481s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.455s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.970s (-4.3%)	1.516s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.070s (-3.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.935s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.092s (-3.3%)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.902s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.007s	0.902s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.108s	2.007s	0.899s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.124s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.888s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.309s	2.008s	0.699s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.036s (~)	3.004s (-12.7% 🟢)	0.968s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.071s (+3.9%)	3.112s (+2.1%)	1.041s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.090s (-0.7%)	3.091s (-5.8% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.492s (-2.7%)	11.023s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.620s (-2.1%)	11.041s (~)	0.421s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.641s	11.023s	0.381s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.718s	11.024s	0.306s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.797s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.227s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.826s (~)	11.041s (~)	0.215s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.263s	13.025s	0.761s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.382s (~)	19.516s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.134s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.306s (+2.7%)	20.506s (-1.1%)	1.199s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.679s (+21.1% 🔺)	21.134s (+4.8%)	1.455s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	26.380s (-2.1%)	27.058s (~)	0.678s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.474s (-2.7%)	27.050s (-3.6%)	0.576s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.551s	27.049s	0.497s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	26.912s (~)	27.062s (~)	0.150s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.006s	27.054s	0.048s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.225s (~)	28.052s (~)	0.827s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.569s	31.047s	0.478s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	44.372s (-5.2% 🟢)	45.533s (-4.7%)	1.161s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	45.233s (+2.3%)	45.954s (+0.9%)	0.722s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	45.614s (+0.9%)	46.737s (-4.7%)	1.123s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	52.675s (-1.9%)	53.099s (-1.8%)	0.424s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.013s	53.095s	0.083s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	53.725s (~)	54.094s (~)	0.369s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.405s (-3.2%)	55.095s (-3.5%)	0.690s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.662s	56.103s	0.441s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.297s (+0.7%)	57.105s (+1.8%)	0.808s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.934s	61.074s	0.140s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	96.683s (+1.8%)	97.679s (+1.9%)	0.996s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	97.869s (+3.3%)	98.437s (+2.2%)	0.568s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	101.493s (+6.2% 🔺)	102.579s (+2.8%)	1.086s	1	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.007s	0.750s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.283s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.728s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.340s (-4.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.665s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.374s (+1.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.638s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.430s	2.006s	0.576s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.432s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.574s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.141s	3.009s	0.868s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.304s (-15.3% 🟢)	3.208s (-21.8% 🟢)	0.904s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.361s (-16.2% 🟢)	3.376s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.015s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.783s (+4.6%)	3.547s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.763s	9	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.750s (-17.6% 🟢)	2.155s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.405s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.058s (+6.3% 🔺)	2.514s (+1.5%)	0.456s	12	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	2.265s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.742s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.513s	3.008s	0.495s	10	1.44x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.515s	3.008s	0.493s	10	1.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.674s (+3.3%)	3.008s (~)	0.334s	10	1.53x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.759s	5.178s	0.420s	6	2.72x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.509s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.428s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.919s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.704s (-0.6%)	3.568s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.864s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.777s (-13.9% 🟢)	3.790s (-14.2% 🟢)	1.013s	9	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.711s (-23.5% 🟢)	3.461s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.749s	9	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.698s (-10.2% 🟢)	4.598s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.900s	7	1.36x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.048s	4.725s	0.677s	7	1.49x
💻 Local	Express	6.278s (-16.8% 🟢)	7.015s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.737s	5	2.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.606s	8.017s	0.411s	4	2.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.723s (+6.5% 🔺)	8.018s (~)	0.296s	4	2.85x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.005s	10.686s	0.681s	3	3.69x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.942s (-8.2% 🟢)	4.130s (-1.2%)	1.189s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.195s (-3.7%)	4.200s (-3.0%)	1.005s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.444s (+13.8% 🔺)	4.399s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.955s	7	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.006s	0.763s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.295s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.715s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.365s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.641s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.366s (-3.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.646s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.005s	0.580s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.443s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.562s	15	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.146s	3.009s	0.864s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.245s (-22.9% 🟢)	3.184s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.351s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.286s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.935s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.399s (+1.8%)	3.448s (-38.5% 🟢)	1.049s	9	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.778s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.156s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.378s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.020s (+1.0%)	2.514s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.494s	12	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.353s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.008s (~)	0.655s	10	1.32x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.489s	3.008s	0.519s	10	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.302s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.764s (+3.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.244s	10	1.55x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.742s	5.177s	0.436s	6	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-8.0% 🟢)	3.443s (-29.8% 🟢)	1.067s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.665s (+0.7%)	3.569s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.904s	9	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.687s (-19.4% 🟢)	3.556s (-18.5% 🟢)	0.870s	9	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.853s (-14.0% 🟢)	3.765s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.912s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.962s (+0.9%)	4.449s (~)	0.487s	7	1.39x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.012s	4.583s	0.571s	7	1.41x
💻 Local	Express	6.800s (-15.7% 🟢)	7.016s (-22.2% 🟢)	0.216s	5	2.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.002s	8.517s	0.515s	4	2.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.473s (+5.6% 🔺)	9.021s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.547s	4	2.97x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.034s	10.683s	0.649s	3	3.52x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.863s (-5.3% 🟢)	3.918s (-24.3% 🟢)	1.055s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.207s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.332s (-20.4% 🟢)	1.126s	7	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.561s (+23.2% 🔺)	4.594s (+12.2% 🔺)	1.033s	7	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.107s (-37.5% 🟢)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-14.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.137s (-29.7% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.8%)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.876s	10	1.27x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.143s	1.000s	0.001s	1.008s	0.864s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.002s	0.013s	1.019s	0.867s	10	1.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.012s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.841s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.179s (-4.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.832s	10	1.67x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.520s	0.924s	0.002s	1.009s	0.489s	10	4.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.686s (+5.1% 🔺)	2.625s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.107s (-14.9% 🟢)	15.060s (+336.5% 🔺)	13.374s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.761s (+4.1%)	2.504s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.140s (-15.9% 🟢)	3.095s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.334s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.857s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.728s (+35.1% 🔺)	0.134s (+20.8% 🔺)	3.336s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.479s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	7/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	7/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, good to ship in the meantime before it'll be reworked with #1261