[world-vercel] Use undici dispatcher for VQS client

[VaguelySerious]

Based on changes in https://github.com/vercel/vqs/pull/161

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c1325a7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-docs	Error		Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.025s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.980s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s	1.006s	0.968s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.041s (-38.7% 🟢)	1.011s (-1.4%)	0.970s	10	1.60x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.006s	0.960s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.98x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.096s	1.008s	0.913s	10	3.76x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.405s (-4.3%)	2.042s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.637s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.458s (-70.4% 🟢)	2.356s (-38.4% 🟢)	1.897s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.507s (-57.8% 🟢)	2.289s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.783s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.069s (-3.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.937s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.091s (-3.9%)	2.013s (~)	0.922s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.006s	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s	2.006s	0.904s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.901s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.009s	0.705s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.069s (+2.4%)	3.543s (-13.3% 🟢)	1.474s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.074s (+0.8%)	3.236s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.162s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.087s (+3.4%)	3.599s (~)	1.512s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.490s (-2.9%)	11.022s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.604s (-2.0%)	11.039s (~)	0.435s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s	11.022s	0.367s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.705s	11.023s	0.319s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.236s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.839s (~)	11.044s (~)	0.206s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.019s	0.790s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.899s (+3.6%)	18.427s (+2.9%)	1.528s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.721s (+3.4%)	19.830s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.109s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.860s (+3.9%)	19.366s (+2.8%)	1.506s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	26.427s (-1.9%)	27.061s (~)	0.634s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.447s (-2.8%)	27.047s (-3.6%)	0.600s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.619s	27.052s	0.433s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.943s	27.052s	0.110s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.982s (~)	27.061s (~)	0.079s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.272s (+0.6%)	28.054s (~)	0.782s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.340s	31.029s	0.688s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	44.097s (+1.9%)	45.261s (+1.0%)	1.164s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.817s (+6.9% 🔺)	48.108s (+8.3% 🔺)	2.291s	2	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.297s (+7.5% 🔺)	48.585s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.287s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	52.616s (-2.3%)	53.100s (-1.8%)	0.484s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.140s	54.095s	0.955s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.919s (~)	54.095s (~)	0.175s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.349s (-3.0%)	55.096s (-1.8%)	0.748s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.593s	56.102s	0.509s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.283s (+0.7%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.821s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.846s	61.068s	0.223s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	95.738s (+4.6%)	96.982s (+4.1%)	1.244s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	98.593s (+7.7% 🔺)	100.200s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.607s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	98.738s (+7.9% 🔺)	100.837s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.099s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.260s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.751s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.006s	0.734s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.341s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.669s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.346s (-4.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.659s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.414s	2.006s	0.592s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.437s (+4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.570s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.142s	3.008s	0.866s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.229s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.478s (-41.1% 🟢)	1.249s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.632s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.106s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.474s	8	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.475s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.775s	7	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.299s (-13.2% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.708s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.423s (-2.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.590s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (+0.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.550s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.502s	3.008s	0.506s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.007s	0.455s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.740s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.268s	10	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.715s	5.177s	0.462s	6	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.428s (-68.0% 🟢)	3.410s (-61.2% 🟢)	0.982s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.652s (-80.6% 🟢)	3.967s (-73.6% 🟢)	1.315s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.892s (-20.7% 🟢)	4.313s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.422s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.775s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.141s (-3.8%)	0.367s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.973s (-2.0%)	4.448s (~)	0.475s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.725s	0.690s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	6.272s (-16.9% 🟢)	7.014s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.742s	5	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.494s	6.814s	0.320s	5	1.72x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.034s (+9.8% 🔺)	8.525s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.492s	4	2.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.096s	10.350s	0.254s	3	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.057s (-67.5% 🟢)	4.684s (-56.7% 🟢)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.789s (+3.1%)	5.208s (-2.3%)	1.419s	6	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.275s (+126.5% 🔺)	8.431s (+85.0% 🔺)	1.156s	4	2.38x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.218s	2.006s	0.788s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (-4.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.716s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.673s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.354s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.651s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.444s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.562s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.446s	2.006s	0.560s	15	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s	3.009s	0.844s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.492s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.097s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.605s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.833s (-3.3%)	1.328s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.552s (+19.4% 🔺)	3.630s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.078s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.380s (-4.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.632s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.412s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.596s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.423s (-1.5%)	3.013s (~)	0.589s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s	3.008s	0.481s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.642s	3.009s	0.368s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.787s (+3.6%)	3.011s (-3.1%)	0.224s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.698s	5.177s	0.479s	6	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.579s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.033s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.454s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.637s (+7.2% 🔺)	3.966s (~)	1.328s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.723s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.022s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.299s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.791s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.142s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.351s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.936s (-1.7%)	4.450s (-3.1%)	0.514s	7	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.045s	4.581s	0.536s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.137s (-9.9% 🟢)	7.765s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.628s	4	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.202s	7.514s	0.313s	4	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.443s (+7.9% 🔺)	9.023s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.580s	4	2.23x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.941s	10.348s	0.407s	3	2.62x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.923s (-4.8%)	4.328s (-16.5% 🟢)	1.405s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.973s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.435s (-30.2% 🟢)	1.462s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.990s (-1.8%)	4.086s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.096s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.111s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-18.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.904s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.130s (-32.9% 🟢)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.883s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.153s	1.002s	0.011s	1.017s	0.864s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.840s	10	1.60x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.187s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.993s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.825s	10	1.69x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.460s	0.982s	0.002s	1.009s	0.549s	10	4.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.550s (-8.0% 🟢)	2.507s (+35.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.977s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.427s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.638s (~)	2.620s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.006s (+22.6% 🔺)	3.203s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.565s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.812s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.820s (+31.7% 🔺)	0.005s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.422s (+28.7% 🔺)	1.611s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	560	0	67	627
✅ 💻 Local Development	600	0	84	684
✅ 📦 Local Production	600	0	84	684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	600	0	84	684
✅ 🪟 Windows	54	0	3	57
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	116	55	15	186
✅ 📋 Other	144	0	27	171
Total	2674	55	364	3093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	50	0	7
✅ example	50	0	7
✅ express	50	0	7
✅ fastify	50	0	7
✅ hono	50	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	55	0	2
✅ nitro	50	0	7
✅ nuxt	50	0	7
✅ sveltekit	50	0	7
✅ vite	50	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	54	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	51	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	52	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	50	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	48	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​vercel/​analytics@​2.0.1 ⏵ 2.0.0				-3
	npm/​@​vercel/​queue@​0.1.1 ⏵ 0.1.4	-1		+1	+1

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

Based on changes in https://github.com/vercel/vqs/pull/161

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c1325a7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-docs	Error		Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.025s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.980s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s	1.006s	0.968s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.041s (-38.7% 🟢)	1.011s (-1.4%)	0.970s	10	1.60x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.006s	0.960s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.98x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.096s	1.008s	0.913s	10	3.76x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.405s (-4.3%)	2.042s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.637s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.458s (-70.4% 🟢)	2.356s (-38.4% 🟢)	1.897s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.507s (-57.8% 🟢)	2.289s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.783s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.069s (-3.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.937s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.091s (-3.9%)	2.013s (~)	0.922s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.006s	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s	2.006s	0.904s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.901s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.009s	0.705s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.069s (+2.4%)	3.543s (-13.3% 🟢)	1.474s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.074s (+0.8%)	3.236s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.162s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.087s (+3.4%)	3.599s (~)	1.512s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.490s (-2.9%)	11.022s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.604s (-2.0%)	11.039s (~)	0.435s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s	11.022s	0.367s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.705s	11.023s	0.319s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.236s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.839s (~)	11.044s (~)	0.206s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.019s	0.790s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.899s (+3.6%)	18.427s (+2.9%)	1.528s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.721s (+3.4%)	19.830s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.109s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.860s (+3.9%)	19.366s (+2.8%)	1.506s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	26.427s (-1.9%)	27.061s (~)	0.634s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.447s (-2.8%)	27.047s (-3.6%)	0.600s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.619s	27.052s	0.433s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.943s	27.052s	0.110s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.982s (~)	27.061s (~)	0.079s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.272s (+0.6%)	28.054s (~)	0.782s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.340s	31.029s	0.688s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	44.097s (+1.9%)	45.261s (+1.0%)	1.164s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.817s (+6.9% 🔺)	48.108s (+8.3% 🔺)	2.291s	2	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.297s (+7.5% 🔺)	48.585s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.287s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	52.616s (-2.3%)	53.100s (-1.8%)	0.484s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.140s	54.095s	0.955s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.919s (~)	54.095s (~)	0.175s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.349s (-3.0%)	55.096s (-1.8%)	0.748s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.593s	56.102s	0.509s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.283s (+0.7%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.821s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.846s	61.068s	0.223s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	95.738s (+4.6%)	96.982s (+4.1%)	1.244s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	98.593s (+7.7% 🔺)	100.200s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.607s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	98.738s (+7.9% 🔺)	100.837s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.099s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.260s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.751s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.006s	0.734s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.341s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.669s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.346s (-4.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.659s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.414s	2.006s	0.592s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.437s (+4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.570s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.142s	3.008s	0.866s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.229s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.478s (-41.1% 🟢)	1.249s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.632s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.106s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.474s	8	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.475s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.775s	7	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.299s (-13.2% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.708s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.423s (-2.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.590s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (+0.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.550s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.502s	3.008s	0.506s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.007s	0.455s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.740s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.268s	10	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.715s	5.177s	0.462s	6	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.428s (-68.0% 🟢)	3.410s (-61.2% 🟢)	0.982s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.652s (-80.6% 🟢)	3.967s (-73.6% 🟢)	1.315s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.892s (-20.7% 🟢)	4.313s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.422s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.775s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.141s (-3.8%)	0.367s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.973s (-2.0%)	4.448s (~)	0.475s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.725s	0.690s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	6.272s (-16.9% 🟢)	7.014s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.742s	5	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.494s	6.814s	0.320s	5	1.72x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.034s (+9.8% 🔺)	8.525s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.492s	4	2.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.096s	10.350s	0.254s	3	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.057s (-67.5% 🟢)	4.684s (-56.7% 🟢)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.789s (+3.1%)	5.208s (-2.3%)	1.419s	6	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.275s (+126.5% 🔺)	8.431s (+85.0% 🔺)	1.156s	4	2.38x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.218s	2.006s	0.788s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (-4.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.716s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.673s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.354s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.651s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.444s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.562s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.446s	2.006s	0.560s	15	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s	3.009s	0.844s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.492s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.097s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.605s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.833s (-3.3%)	1.328s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.552s (+19.4% 🔺)	3.630s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.078s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.380s (-4.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.632s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.412s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.596s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.423s (-1.5%)	3.013s (~)	0.589s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s	3.008s	0.481s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.642s	3.009s	0.368s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.787s (+3.6%)	3.011s (-3.1%)	0.224s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.698s	5.177s	0.479s	6	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.579s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.033s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.454s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.637s (+7.2% 🔺)	3.966s (~)	1.328s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.723s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.022s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.299s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.791s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.142s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.351s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.936s (-1.7%)	4.450s (-3.1%)	0.514s	7	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.045s	4.581s	0.536s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.137s (-9.9% 🟢)	7.765s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.628s	4	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.202s	7.514s	0.313s	4	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.443s (+7.9% 🔺)	9.023s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.580s	4	2.23x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.941s	10.348s	0.407s	3	2.62x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.923s (-4.8%)	4.328s (-16.5% 🟢)	1.405s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.973s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.435s (-30.2% 🟢)	1.462s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.990s (-1.8%)	4.086s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.096s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.111s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-18.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.904s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.130s (-32.9% 🟢)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.883s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.153s	1.002s	0.011s	1.017s	0.864s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.840s	10	1.60x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.187s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.993s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.825s	10	1.69x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.460s	0.982s	0.002s	1.009s	0.549s	10	4.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.550s (-8.0% 🟢)	2.507s (+35.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.977s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.427s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.638s (~)	2.620s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.006s (+22.6% 🔺)	3.203s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.565s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.812s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.820s (+31.7% 🔺)	0.005s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.422s (+28.7% 🔺)	1.611s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	560	0	67	627
✅ 💻 Local Development	600	0	84	684
✅ 📦 Local Production	600	0	84	684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	600	0	84	684
✅ 🪟 Windows	54	0	3	57
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	116	55	15	186
✅ 📋 Other	144	0	27	171
Total	2674	55	364	3093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	50	0	7
✅ example	50	0	7
✅ express	50	0	7
✅ fastify	50	0	7
✅ hono	50	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	55	0	2
✅ nitro	50	0	7
✅ nuxt	50	0	7
✅ sveltekit	50	0	7
✅ vite	50	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	54	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	51	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	52	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	50	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	48	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​vercel/​analytics@​2.0.1 ⏵ 2.0.0				-3
	npm/​@​vercel/​queue@​0.1.1 ⏵ 0.1.4	-1		+1	+1

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

Based on changes in https://github.com/vercel/vqs/pull/161

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c1325a7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-docs	Error		Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.025s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.980s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s	1.006s	0.968s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.041s (-38.7% 🟢)	1.011s (-1.4%)	0.970s	10	1.60x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.006s	0.960s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.98x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.096s	1.008s	0.913s	10	3.76x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.405s (-4.3%)	2.042s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.637s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.458s (-70.4% 🟢)	2.356s (-38.4% 🟢)	1.897s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.507s (-57.8% 🟢)	2.289s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.783s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.069s (-3.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.937s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.091s (-3.9%)	2.013s (~)	0.922s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.006s	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s	2.006s	0.904s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.901s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.009s	0.705s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.069s (+2.4%)	3.543s (-13.3% 🟢)	1.474s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.074s (+0.8%)	3.236s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.162s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.087s (+3.4%)	3.599s (~)	1.512s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.490s (-2.9%)	11.022s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.604s (-2.0%)	11.039s (~)	0.435s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s	11.022s	0.367s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.705s	11.023s	0.319s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.236s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.839s (~)	11.044s (~)	0.206s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.019s	0.790s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.899s (+3.6%)	18.427s (+2.9%)	1.528s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.721s (+3.4%)	19.830s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.109s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.860s (+3.9%)	19.366s (+2.8%)	1.506s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	26.427s (-1.9%)	27.061s (~)	0.634s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.447s (-2.8%)	27.047s (-3.6%)	0.600s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.619s	27.052s	0.433s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.943s	27.052s	0.110s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.982s (~)	27.061s (~)	0.079s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.272s (+0.6%)	28.054s (~)	0.782s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.340s	31.029s	0.688s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	44.097s (+1.9%)	45.261s (+1.0%)	1.164s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.817s (+6.9% 🔺)	48.108s (+8.3% 🔺)	2.291s	2	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.297s (+7.5% 🔺)	48.585s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.287s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	52.616s (-2.3%)	53.100s (-1.8%)	0.484s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.140s	54.095s	0.955s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.919s (~)	54.095s (~)	0.175s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.349s (-3.0%)	55.096s (-1.8%)	0.748s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.593s	56.102s	0.509s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.283s (+0.7%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.821s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.846s	61.068s	0.223s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	95.738s (+4.6%)	96.982s (+4.1%)	1.244s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	98.593s (+7.7% 🔺)	100.200s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.607s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	98.738s (+7.9% 🔺)	100.837s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.099s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.260s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.751s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.006s	0.734s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.341s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.669s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.346s (-4.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.659s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.414s	2.006s	0.592s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.437s (+4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.570s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.142s	3.008s	0.866s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.229s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.478s (-41.1% 🟢)	1.249s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.632s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.106s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.474s	8	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.475s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.775s	7	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.299s (-13.2% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.708s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.423s (-2.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.590s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (+0.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.550s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.502s	3.008s	0.506s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.007s	0.455s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.740s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.268s	10	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.715s	5.177s	0.462s	6	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.428s (-68.0% 🟢)	3.410s (-61.2% 🟢)	0.982s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.652s (-80.6% 🟢)	3.967s (-73.6% 🟢)	1.315s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.892s (-20.7% 🟢)	4.313s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.422s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.775s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.141s (-3.8%)	0.367s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.973s (-2.0%)	4.448s (~)	0.475s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.725s	0.690s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	6.272s (-16.9% 🟢)	7.014s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.742s	5	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.494s	6.814s	0.320s	5	1.72x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.034s (+9.8% 🔺)	8.525s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.492s	4	2.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.096s	10.350s	0.254s	3	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.057s (-67.5% 🟢)	4.684s (-56.7% 🟢)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.789s (+3.1%)	5.208s (-2.3%)	1.419s	6	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.275s (+126.5% 🔺)	8.431s (+85.0% 🔺)	1.156s	4	2.38x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.218s	2.006s	0.788s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (-4.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.716s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.673s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.354s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.651s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.444s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.562s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.446s	2.006s	0.560s	15	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s	3.009s	0.844s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.492s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.097s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.605s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.833s (-3.3%)	1.328s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.552s (+19.4% 🔺)	3.630s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.078s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.380s (-4.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.632s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.412s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.596s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.423s (-1.5%)	3.013s (~)	0.589s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s	3.008s	0.481s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.642s	3.009s	0.368s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.787s (+3.6%)	3.011s (-3.1%)	0.224s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.698s	5.177s	0.479s	6	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.579s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.033s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.454s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.637s (+7.2% 🔺)	3.966s (~)	1.328s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.723s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.022s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.299s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.791s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.142s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.351s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.936s (-1.7%)	4.450s (-3.1%)	0.514s	7	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.045s	4.581s	0.536s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.137s (-9.9% 🟢)	7.765s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.628s	4	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.202s	7.514s	0.313s	4	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.443s (+7.9% 🔺)	9.023s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.580s	4	2.23x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.941s	10.348s	0.407s	3	2.62x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.923s (-4.8%)	4.328s (-16.5% 🟢)	1.405s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.973s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.435s (-30.2% 🟢)	1.462s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.990s (-1.8%)	4.086s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.096s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.111s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-18.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.904s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.130s (-32.9% 🟢)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.883s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.153s	1.002s	0.011s	1.017s	0.864s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.840s	10	1.60x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.187s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.993s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.825s	10	1.69x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.460s	0.982s	0.002s	1.009s	0.549s	10	4.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.550s (-8.0% 🟢)	2.507s (+35.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.977s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.427s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.638s (~)	2.620s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.006s (+22.6% 🔺)	3.203s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.565s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.812s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.820s (+31.7% 🔺)	0.005s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.422s (+28.7% 🔺)	1.611s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	560	0	67	627
✅ 💻 Local Development	600	0	84	684
✅ 📦 Local Production	600	0	84	684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	600	0	84	684
✅ 🪟 Windows	54	0	3	57
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	116	55	15	186
✅ 📋 Other	144	0	27	171
Total	2674	55	364	3093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	50	0	7
✅ example	50	0	7
✅ express	50	0	7
✅ fastify	50	0	7
✅ hono	50	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	55	0	2
✅ nitro	50	0	7
✅ nuxt	50	0	7
✅ sveltekit	50	0	7
✅ vite	50	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	54	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	51	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	52	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	50	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	48	0	9

---

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[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​vercel/​analytics@​2.0.1 ⏵ 2.0.0				-3
	npm/​@​vercel/​queue@​0.1.1 ⏵ 0.1.4	-1		+1	+1

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

Based on changes in https://github.com/vercel/vqs/pull/161

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c1325a7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-docs	Error		Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.025s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.980s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s	1.006s	0.968s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.041s (-38.7% 🟢)	1.011s (-1.4%)	0.970s	10	1.60x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.006s	0.960s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.98x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.096s	1.008s	0.913s	10	3.76x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.405s (-4.3%)	2.042s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.637s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.458s (-70.4% 🟢)	2.356s (-38.4% 🟢)	1.897s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.507s (-57.8% 🟢)	2.289s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.783s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.069s (-3.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.937s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.091s (-3.9%)	2.013s (~)	0.922s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.006s	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s	2.006s	0.904s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.901s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.009s	0.705s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.069s (+2.4%)	3.543s (-13.3% 🟢)	1.474s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.074s (+0.8%)	3.236s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.162s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.087s (+3.4%)	3.599s (~)	1.512s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.490s (-2.9%)	11.022s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.604s (-2.0%)	11.039s (~)	0.435s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s	11.022s	0.367s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.705s	11.023s	0.319s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.236s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.839s (~)	11.044s (~)	0.206s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.019s	0.790s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.899s (+3.6%)	18.427s (+2.9%)	1.528s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.721s (+3.4%)	19.830s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.109s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.860s (+3.9%)	19.366s (+2.8%)	1.506s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	26.427s (-1.9%)	27.061s (~)	0.634s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.447s (-2.8%)	27.047s (-3.6%)	0.600s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.619s	27.052s	0.433s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.943s	27.052s	0.110s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.982s (~)	27.061s (~)	0.079s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.272s (+0.6%)	28.054s (~)	0.782s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.340s	31.029s	0.688s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	44.097s (+1.9%)	45.261s (+1.0%)	1.164s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.817s (+6.9% 🔺)	48.108s (+8.3% 🔺)	2.291s	2	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.297s (+7.5% 🔺)	48.585s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.287s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	52.616s (-2.3%)	53.100s (-1.8%)	0.484s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.140s	54.095s	0.955s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.919s (~)	54.095s (~)	0.175s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.349s (-3.0%)	55.096s (-1.8%)	0.748s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.593s	56.102s	0.509s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.283s (+0.7%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.821s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.846s	61.068s	0.223s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	95.738s (+4.6%)	96.982s (+4.1%)	1.244s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	98.593s (+7.7% 🔺)	100.200s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.607s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	98.738s (+7.9% 🔺)	100.837s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.099s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.260s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.751s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.006s	0.734s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.341s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.669s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.346s (-4.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.659s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.414s	2.006s	0.592s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.437s (+4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.570s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.142s	3.008s	0.866s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.229s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.478s (-41.1% 🟢)	1.249s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.632s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.106s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.474s	8	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.475s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.775s	7	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.299s (-13.2% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.708s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.423s (-2.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.590s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (+0.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.550s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.502s	3.008s	0.506s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.007s	0.455s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.740s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.268s	10	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.715s	5.177s	0.462s	6	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.428s (-68.0% 🟢)	3.410s (-61.2% 🟢)	0.982s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.652s (-80.6% 🟢)	3.967s (-73.6% 🟢)	1.315s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.892s (-20.7% 🟢)	4.313s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.422s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.775s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.141s (-3.8%)	0.367s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.973s (-2.0%)	4.448s (~)	0.475s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.725s	0.690s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	6.272s (-16.9% 🟢)	7.014s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.742s	5	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.494s	6.814s	0.320s	5	1.72x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.034s (+9.8% 🔺)	8.525s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.492s	4	2.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.096s	10.350s	0.254s	3	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.057s (-67.5% 🟢)	4.684s (-56.7% 🟢)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.789s (+3.1%)	5.208s (-2.3%)	1.419s	6	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.275s (+126.5% 🔺)	8.431s (+85.0% 🔺)	1.156s	4	2.38x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.218s	2.006s	0.788s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (-4.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.716s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.673s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.354s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.651s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.444s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.562s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.446s	2.006s	0.560s	15	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s	3.009s	0.844s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.492s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.097s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.605s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.833s (-3.3%)	1.328s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.552s (+19.4% 🔺)	3.630s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.078s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.380s (-4.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.632s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.412s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.596s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.423s (-1.5%)	3.013s (~)	0.589s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s	3.008s	0.481s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.642s	3.009s	0.368s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.787s (+3.6%)	3.011s (-3.1%)	0.224s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.698s	5.177s	0.479s	6	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.579s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.033s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.454s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.637s (+7.2% 🔺)	3.966s (~)	1.328s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.723s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.022s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.299s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.791s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.142s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.351s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.936s (-1.7%)	4.450s (-3.1%)	0.514s	7	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.045s	4.581s	0.536s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.137s (-9.9% 🟢)	7.765s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.628s	4	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.202s	7.514s	0.313s	4	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.443s (+7.9% 🔺)	9.023s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.580s	4	2.23x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.941s	10.348s	0.407s	3	2.62x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.923s (-4.8%)	4.328s (-16.5% 🟢)	1.405s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.973s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.435s (-30.2% 🟢)	1.462s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.990s (-1.8%)	4.086s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.096s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.111s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-18.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.904s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.130s (-32.9% 🟢)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.883s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.153s	1.002s	0.011s	1.017s	0.864s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.840s	10	1.60x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.187s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.993s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.825s	10	1.69x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.460s	0.982s	0.002s	1.009s	0.549s	10	4.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.550s (-8.0% 🟢)	2.507s (+35.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.977s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.427s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.638s (~)	2.620s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.006s (+22.6% 🔺)	3.203s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.565s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.812s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.820s (+31.7% 🔺)	0.005s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.422s (+28.7% 🔺)	1.611s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	560	0	67	627
✅ 💻 Local Development	600	0	84	684
✅ 📦 Local Production	600	0	84	684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	600	0	84	684
✅ 🪟 Windows	54	0	3	57
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	116	55	15	186
✅ 📋 Other	144	0	27	171
Total	2674	55	364	3093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	50	0	7
✅ example	50	0	7
✅ express	50	0	7
✅ fastify	50	0	7
✅ hono	50	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	55	0	2
✅ nitro	50	0	7
✅ nuxt	50	0	7
✅ sveltekit	50	0	7
✅ vite	50	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	54	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	51	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	52	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	50	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	48	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​vercel/​analytics@​2.0.1 ⏵ 2.0.0				-3
	npm/​@​vercel/​queue@​0.1.1 ⏵ 0.1.4	-1		+1	+1

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

Based on changes in https://github.com/vercel/vqs/pull/161

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c1325a7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-docs	Error		Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.025s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.980s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s	1.006s	0.968s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.041s (-38.7% 🟢)	1.011s (-1.4%)	0.970s	10	1.60x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.006s	0.960s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.98x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.096s	1.008s	0.913s	10	3.76x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.405s (-4.3%)	2.042s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.637s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.458s (-70.4% 🟢)	2.356s (-38.4% 🟢)	1.897s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.507s (-57.8% 🟢)	2.289s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.783s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.069s (-3.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.937s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.091s (-3.9%)	2.013s (~)	0.922s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.006s	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s	2.006s	0.904s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.901s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.009s	0.705s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.069s (+2.4%)	3.543s (-13.3% 🟢)	1.474s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.074s (+0.8%)	3.236s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.162s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.087s (+3.4%)	3.599s (~)	1.512s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.490s (-2.9%)	11.022s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.604s (-2.0%)	11.039s (~)	0.435s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s	11.022s	0.367s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.705s	11.023s	0.319s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.236s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.839s (~)	11.044s (~)	0.206s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.019s	0.790s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.899s (+3.6%)	18.427s (+2.9%)	1.528s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.721s (+3.4%)	19.830s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.109s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.860s (+3.9%)	19.366s (+2.8%)	1.506s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	26.427s (-1.9%)	27.061s (~)	0.634s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.447s (-2.8%)	27.047s (-3.6%)	0.600s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.619s	27.052s	0.433s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.943s	27.052s	0.110s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.982s (~)	27.061s (~)	0.079s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.272s (+0.6%)	28.054s (~)	0.782s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.340s	31.029s	0.688s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	44.097s (+1.9%)	45.261s (+1.0%)	1.164s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.817s (+6.9% 🔺)	48.108s (+8.3% 🔺)	2.291s	2	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.297s (+7.5% 🔺)	48.585s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.287s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	52.616s (-2.3%)	53.100s (-1.8%)	0.484s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.140s	54.095s	0.955s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.919s (~)	54.095s (~)	0.175s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.349s (-3.0%)	55.096s (-1.8%)	0.748s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.593s	56.102s	0.509s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.283s (+0.7%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.821s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.846s	61.068s	0.223s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	95.738s (+4.6%)	96.982s (+4.1%)	1.244s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	98.593s (+7.7% 🔺)	100.200s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.607s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	98.738s (+7.9% 🔺)	100.837s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.099s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.260s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.751s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.006s	0.734s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.341s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.669s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.346s (-4.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.659s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.414s	2.006s	0.592s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.437s (+4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.570s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.142s	3.008s	0.866s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.229s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.478s (-41.1% 🟢)	1.249s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.632s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.106s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.474s	8	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.475s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.775s	7	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.299s (-13.2% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.708s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.423s (-2.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.590s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (+0.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.550s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.502s	3.008s	0.506s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.007s	0.455s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.740s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.268s	10	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.715s	5.177s	0.462s	6	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.428s (-68.0% 🟢)	3.410s (-61.2% 🟢)	0.982s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.652s (-80.6% 🟢)	3.967s (-73.6% 🟢)	1.315s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.892s (-20.7% 🟢)	4.313s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.422s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.775s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.141s (-3.8%)	0.367s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.973s (-2.0%)	4.448s (~)	0.475s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.725s	0.690s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	6.272s (-16.9% 🟢)	7.014s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.742s	5	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.494s	6.814s	0.320s	5	1.72x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.034s (+9.8% 🔺)	8.525s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.492s	4	2.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.096s	10.350s	0.254s	3	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.057s (-67.5% 🟢)	4.684s (-56.7% 🟢)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.789s (+3.1%)	5.208s (-2.3%)	1.419s	6	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.275s (+126.5% 🔺)	8.431s (+85.0% 🔺)	1.156s	4	2.38x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.218s	2.006s	0.788s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (-4.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.716s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.673s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.354s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.651s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.444s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.562s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.446s	2.006s	0.560s	15	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s	3.009s	0.844s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.492s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.097s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.605s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.833s (-3.3%)	1.328s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.552s (+19.4% 🔺)	3.630s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.078s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.380s (-4.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.632s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.412s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.596s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.423s (-1.5%)	3.013s (~)	0.589s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s	3.008s	0.481s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.642s	3.009s	0.368s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.787s (+3.6%)	3.011s (-3.1%)	0.224s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.698s	5.177s	0.479s	6	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.579s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.033s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.454s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.637s (+7.2% 🔺)	3.966s (~)	1.328s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.723s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.022s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.299s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.791s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.142s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.351s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.936s (-1.7%)	4.450s (-3.1%)	0.514s	7	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.045s	4.581s	0.536s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.137s (-9.9% 🟢)	7.765s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.628s	4	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.202s	7.514s	0.313s	4	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.443s (+7.9% 🔺)	9.023s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.580s	4	2.23x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.941s	10.348s	0.407s	3	2.62x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.923s (-4.8%)	4.328s (-16.5% 🟢)	1.405s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.973s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.435s (-30.2% 🟢)	1.462s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.990s (-1.8%)	4.086s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.096s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.111s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-18.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.904s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.130s (-32.9% 🟢)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.883s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.153s	1.002s	0.011s	1.017s	0.864s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.840s	10	1.60x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.187s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.993s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.825s	10	1.69x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.460s	0.982s	0.002s	1.009s	0.549s	10	4.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.550s (-8.0% 🟢)	2.507s (+35.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.977s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.427s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.638s (~)	2.620s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.006s (+22.6% 🔺)	3.203s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.565s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.812s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.820s (+31.7% 🔺)	0.005s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.422s (+28.7% 🔺)	1.611s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	560	0	67	627
✅ 💻 Local Development	600	0	84	684
✅ 📦 Local Production	600	0	84	684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	600	0	84	684
✅ 🪟 Windows	54	0	3	57
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	116	55	15	186
✅ 📋 Other	144	0	27	171
Total	2674	55	364	3093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	50	0	7
✅ example	50	0	7
✅ express	50	0	7
✅ fastify	50	0	7
✅ hono	50	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	55	0	2
✅ nitro	50	0	7
✅ nuxt	50	0	7
✅ sveltekit	50	0	7
✅ vite	50	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	54	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	51	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	52	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	50	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	48	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​vercel/​analytics@​2.0.1 ⏵ 2.0.0				-3
	npm/​@​vercel/​queue@​0.1.1 ⏵ 0.1.4	-1		+1	+1

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

Based on changes in https://github.com/vercel/vqs/pull/161

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c1325a7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-docs	Error		Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.025s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.980s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s	1.006s	0.968s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.041s (-38.7% 🟢)	1.011s (-1.4%)	0.970s	10	1.60x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.006s	0.960s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.98x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.096s	1.008s	0.913s	10	3.76x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.405s (-4.3%)	2.042s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.637s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.458s (-70.4% 🟢)	2.356s (-38.4% 🟢)	1.897s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.507s (-57.8% 🟢)	2.289s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.783s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.069s (-3.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.937s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.091s (-3.9%)	2.013s (~)	0.922s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.006s	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s	2.006s	0.904s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.901s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.009s	0.705s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.069s (+2.4%)	3.543s (-13.3% 🟢)	1.474s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.074s (+0.8%)	3.236s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.162s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.087s (+3.4%)	3.599s (~)	1.512s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.490s (-2.9%)	11.022s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.604s (-2.0%)	11.039s (~)	0.435s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s	11.022s	0.367s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.705s	11.023s	0.319s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.236s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.839s (~)	11.044s (~)	0.206s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.019s	0.790s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.899s (+3.6%)	18.427s (+2.9%)	1.528s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.721s (+3.4%)	19.830s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.109s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.860s (+3.9%)	19.366s (+2.8%)	1.506s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	26.427s (-1.9%)	27.061s (~)	0.634s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.447s (-2.8%)	27.047s (-3.6%)	0.600s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.619s	27.052s	0.433s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.943s	27.052s	0.110s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.982s (~)	27.061s (~)	0.079s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.272s (+0.6%)	28.054s (~)	0.782s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.340s	31.029s	0.688s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	44.097s (+1.9%)	45.261s (+1.0%)	1.164s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.817s (+6.9% 🔺)	48.108s (+8.3% 🔺)	2.291s	2	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.297s (+7.5% 🔺)	48.585s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.287s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	52.616s (-2.3%)	53.100s (-1.8%)	0.484s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.140s	54.095s	0.955s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.919s (~)	54.095s (~)	0.175s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.349s (-3.0%)	55.096s (-1.8%)	0.748s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.593s	56.102s	0.509s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.283s (+0.7%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.821s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.846s	61.068s	0.223s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	95.738s (+4.6%)	96.982s (+4.1%)	1.244s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	98.593s (+7.7% 🔺)	100.200s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.607s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	98.738s (+7.9% 🔺)	100.837s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.099s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.260s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.751s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.006s	0.734s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.341s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.669s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.346s (-4.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.659s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.414s	2.006s	0.592s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.437s (+4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.570s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.142s	3.008s	0.866s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.229s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.478s (-41.1% 🟢)	1.249s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.632s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.106s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.474s	8	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.475s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.775s	7	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.299s (-13.2% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.708s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.423s (-2.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.590s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (+0.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.550s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.502s	3.008s	0.506s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.007s	0.455s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.740s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.268s	10	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.715s	5.177s	0.462s	6	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.428s (-68.0% 🟢)	3.410s (-61.2% 🟢)	0.982s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.652s (-80.6% 🟢)	3.967s (-73.6% 🟢)	1.315s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.892s (-20.7% 🟢)	4.313s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.422s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.775s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.141s (-3.8%)	0.367s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.973s (-2.0%)	4.448s (~)	0.475s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.725s	0.690s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	6.272s (-16.9% 🟢)	7.014s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.742s	5	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.494s	6.814s	0.320s	5	1.72x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.034s (+9.8% 🔺)	8.525s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.492s	4	2.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.096s	10.350s	0.254s	3	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.057s (-67.5% 🟢)	4.684s (-56.7% 🟢)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.789s (+3.1%)	5.208s (-2.3%)	1.419s	6	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.275s (+126.5% 🔺)	8.431s (+85.0% 🔺)	1.156s	4	2.38x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.218s	2.006s	0.788s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (-4.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.716s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.673s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.354s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.651s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.444s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.562s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.446s	2.006s	0.560s	15	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s	3.009s	0.844s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.492s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.097s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.605s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.833s (-3.3%)	1.328s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.552s (+19.4% 🔺)	3.630s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.078s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.380s (-4.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.632s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.412s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.596s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.423s (-1.5%)	3.013s (~)	0.589s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s	3.008s	0.481s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.642s	3.009s	0.368s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.787s (+3.6%)	3.011s (-3.1%)	0.224s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.698s	5.177s	0.479s	6	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.579s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.033s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.454s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.637s (+7.2% 🔺)	3.966s (~)	1.328s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.723s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.022s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.299s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.791s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.142s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.351s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.936s (-1.7%)	4.450s (-3.1%)	0.514s	7	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.045s	4.581s	0.536s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.137s (-9.9% 🟢)	7.765s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.628s	4	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.202s	7.514s	0.313s	4	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.443s (+7.9% 🔺)	9.023s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.580s	4	2.23x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.941s	10.348s	0.407s	3	2.62x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.923s (-4.8%)	4.328s (-16.5% 🟢)	1.405s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.973s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.435s (-30.2% 🟢)	1.462s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.990s (-1.8%)	4.086s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.096s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.111s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-18.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.904s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.130s (-32.9% 🟢)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.883s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.153s	1.002s	0.011s	1.017s	0.864s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.840s	10	1.60x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.187s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.993s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.825s	10	1.69x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.460s	0.982s	0.002s	1.009s	0.549s	10	4.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.550s (-8.0% 🟢)	2.507s (+35.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.977s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.427s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.638s (~)	2.620s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.006s (+22.6% 🔺)	3.203s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.565s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.812s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.820s (+31.7% 🔺)	0.005s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.422s (+28.7% 🔺)	1.611s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	560	0	67	627
✅ 💻 Local Development	600	0	84	684
✅ 📦 Local Production	600	0	84	684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	600	0	84	684
✅ 🪟 Windows	54	0	3	57
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	116	55	15	186
✅ 📋 Other	144	0	27	171
Total	2674	55	364	3093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	50	0	7
✅ example	50	0	7
✅ express	50	0	7
✅ fastify	50	0	7
✅ hono	50	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	55	0	2
✅ nitro	50	0	7
✅ nuxt	50	0	7
✅ sveltekit	50	0	7
✅ vite	50	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	54	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	51	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	52	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	50	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	48	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​vercel/​analytics@​2.0.1 ⏵ 2.0.0				-3
	npm/​@​vercel/​queue@​0.1.1 ⏵ 0.1.4	-1		+1	+1

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

Based on changes in https://github.com/vercel/vqs/pull/161

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c1325a7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-docs	Error		Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.025s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.980s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s	1.006s	0.968s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.041s (-38.7% 🟢)	1.011s (-1.4%)	0.970s	10	1.60x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.006s	0.960s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.98x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.096s	1.008s	0.913s	10	3.76x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.405s (-4.3%)	2.042s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.637s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.458s (-70.4% 🟢)	2.356s (-38.4% 🟢)	1.897s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.507s (-57.8% 🟢)	2.289s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.783s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.069s (-3.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.937s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.091s (-3.9%)	2.013s (~)	0.922s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.006s	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s	2.006s	0.904s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.901s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.009s	0.705s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.069s (+2.4%)	3.543s (-13.3% 🟢)	1.474s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.074s (+0.8%)	3.236s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.162s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.087s (+3.4%)	3.599s (~)	1.512s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.490s (-2.9%)	11.022s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.604s (-2.0%)	11.039s (~)	0.435s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s	11.022s	0.367s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.705s	11.023s	0.319s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.236s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.839s (~)	11.044s (~)	0.206s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.019s	0.790s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.899s (+3.6%)	18.427s (+2.9%)	1.528s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.721s (+3.4%)	19.830s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.109s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.860s (+3.9%)	19.366s (+2.8%)	1.506s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	26.427s (-1.9%)	27.061s (~)	0.634s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.447s (-2.8%)	27.047s (-3.6%)	0.600s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.619s	27.052s	0.433s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.943s	27.052s	0.110s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.982s (~)	27.061s (~)	0.079s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.272s (+0.6%)	28.054s (~)	0.782s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.340s	31.029s	0.688s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	44.097s (+1.9%)	45.261s (+1.0%)	1.164s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.817s (+6.9% 🔺)	48.108s (+8.3% 🔺)	2.291s	2	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.297s (+7.5% 🔺)	48.585s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.287s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	52.616s (-2.3%)	53.100s (-1.8%)	0.484s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.140s	54.095s	0.955s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.919s (~)	54.095s (~)	0.175s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.349s (-3.0%)	55.096s (-1.8%)	0.748s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.593s	56.102s	0.509s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.283s (+0.7%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.821s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.846s	61.068s	0.223s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	95.738s (+4.6%)	96.982s (+4.1%)	1.244s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	98.593s (+7.7% 🔺)	100.200s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.607s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	98.738s (+7.9% 🔺)	100.837s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.099s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.260s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.751s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.006s	0.734s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.341s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.669s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.346s (-4.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.659s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.414s	2.006s	0.592s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.437s (+4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.570s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.142s	3.008s	0.866s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.229s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.478s (-41.1% 🟢)	1.249s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.632s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.106s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.474s	8	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.475s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.775s	7	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.299s (-13.2% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.708s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.423s (-2.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.590s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (+0.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.550s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.502s	3.008s	0.506s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.007s	0.455s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.740s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.268s	10	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.715s	5.177s	0.462s	6	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.428s (-68.0% 🟢)	3.410s (-61.2% 🟢)	0.982s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.652s (-80.6% 🟢)	3.967s (-73.6% 🟢)	1.315s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.892s (-20.7% 🟢)	4.313s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.422s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.775s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.141s (-3.8%)	0.367s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.973s (-2.0%)	4.448s (~)	0.475s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.725s	0.690s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	6.272s (-16.9% 🟢)	7.014s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.742s	5	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.494s	6.814s	0.320s	5	1.72x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.034s (+9.8% 🔺)	8.525s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.492s	4	2.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.096s	10.350s	0.254s	3	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.057s (-67.5% 🟢)	4.684s (-56.7% 🟢)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.789s (+3.1%)	5.208s (-2.3%)	1.419s	6	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.275s (+126.5% 🔺)	8.431s (+85.0% 🔺)	1.156s	4	2.38x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.218s	2.006s	0.788s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (-4.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.716s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.673s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.354s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.651s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.444s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.562s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.446s	2.006s	0.560s	15	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s	3.009s	0.844s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.492s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.097s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.605s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.833s (-3.3%)	1.328s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.552s (+19.4% 🔺)	3.630s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.078s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.380s (-4.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.632s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.412s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.596s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.423s (-1.5%)	3.013s (~)	0.589s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s	3.008s	0.481s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.642s	3.009s	0.368s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.787s (+3.6%)	3.011s (-3.1%)	0.224s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.698s	5.177s	0.479s	6	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.579s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.033s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.454s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.637s (+7.2% 🔺)	3.966s (~)	1.328s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.723s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.022s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.299s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.791s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.142s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.351s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.936s (-1.7%)	4.450s (-3.1%)	0.514s	7	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.045s	4.581s	0.536s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.137s (-9.9% 🟢)	7.765s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.628s	4	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.202s	7.514s	0.313s	4	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.443s (+7.9% 🔺)	9.023s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.580s	4	2.23x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.941s	10.348s	0.407s	3	2.62x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.923s (-4.8%)	4.328s (-16.5% 🟢)	1.405s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.973s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.435s (-30.2% 🟢)	1.462s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.990s (-1.8%)	4.086s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.096s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.111s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-18.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.904s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.130s (-32.9% 🟢)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.883s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.153s	1.002s	0.011s	1.017s	0.864s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.840s	10	1.60x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.187s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.993s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.825s	10	1.69x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.460s	0.982s	0.002s	1.009s	0.549s	10	4.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.550s (-8.0% 🟢)	2.507s (+35.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.977s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.427s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.638s (~)	2.620s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.006s (+22.6% 🔺)	3.203s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.565s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.812s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.820s (+31.7% 🔺)	0.005s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.422s (+28.7% 🔺)	1.611s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	560	0	67	627
✅ 💻 Local Development	600	0	84	684
✅ 📦 Local Production	600	0	84	684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	600	0	84	684
✅ 🪟 Windows	54	0	3	57
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	116	55	15	186
✅ 📋 Other	144	0	27	171
Total	2674	55	364	3093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	50	0	7
✅ example	50	0	7
✅ express	50	0	7
✅ fastify	50	0	7
✅ hono	50	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	55	0	2
✅ nitro	50	0	7
✅ nuxt	50	0	7
✅ sveltekit	50	0	7
✅ vite	50	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	54	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	51	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	52	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	50	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	48	0	9

---

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[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​vercel/​analytics@​2.0.1 ⏵ 2.0.0				-3
	npm/​@​vercel/​queue@​0.1.1 ⏵ 0.1.4	-1		+1	+1

View full report

[VaguelySerious]

Based on changes in https://github.com/vercel/vqs/pull/161

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c1325a7

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-docs	Error		Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Mar 13, 2026 7:25pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.025s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.980s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s	1.006s	0.968s	10	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.041s (-38.7% 🟢)	1.011s (-1.4%)	0.970s	10	1.60x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.045s	1.006s	0.960s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.960s	10	1.98x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.096s	1.008s	0.913s	10	3.76x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.405s (-4.3%)	2.042s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.637s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.458s (-70.4% 🟢)	2.356s (-38.4% 🟢)	1.897s	10	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.507s (-57.8% 🟢)	2.289s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.783s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.069s (-3.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.937s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.091s (-3.9%)	2.013s (~)	0.922s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s	2.006s	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.102s	2.006s	0.904s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.901s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.126s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.887s	10	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.009s	0.705s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.069s (+2.4%)	3.543s (-13.3% 🟢)	1.474s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.074s (+0.8%)	3.236s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.162s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.087s (+3.4%)	3.599s (~)	1.512s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.490s (-2.9%)	11.022s (~)	0.531s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.604s (-2.0%)	11.039s (~)	0.435s	3	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s	11.022s	0.367s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.705s	11.023s	0.319s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.236s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.839s (~)	11.044s (~)	0.206s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.019s	0.790s	3	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.899s (+3.6%)	18.427s (+2.9%)	1.528s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.721s (+3.4%)	19.830s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.109s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.860s (+3.9%)	19.366s (+2.8%)	1.506s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	26.427s (-1.9%)	27.061s (~)	0.634s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	26.447s (-2.8%)	27.047s (-3.6%)	0.600s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.619s	27.052s	0.433s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.943s	27.052s	0.110s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	26.982s (~)	27.061s (~)	0.079s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.272s (+0.6%)	28.054s (~)	0.782s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.340s	31.029s	0.688s	2	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	44.097s (+1.9%)	45.261s (+1.0%)	1.164s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	45.817s (+6.9% 🔺)	48.108s (+8.3% 🔺)	2.291s	2	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.297s (+7.5% 🔺)	48.585s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.287s	2	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	52.616s (-2.3%)	53.100s (-1.8%)	0.484s	2	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.140s	54.095s	0.955s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	53.919s (~)	54.095s (~)	0.175s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	54.349s (-3.0%)	55.096s (-1.8%)	0.748s	2	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.593s	56.102s	0.509s	2	1.06x
💻 Local	Nitro	56.283s (+0.7%)	57.104s (+1.8%)	0.821s	2	1.07x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	60.846s	61.068s	0.223s	2	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	95.738s (+4.6%)	96.982s (+4.1%)	1.244s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	98.593s (+7.7% 🔺)	100.200s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.607s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	98.738s (+7.9% 🔺)	100.837s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.099s	1	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.260s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.011s (~)	0.751s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.272s	2.006s	0.734s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.341s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.669s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.346s (-4.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.659s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.414s	2.006s	0.592s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.437s (+4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.570s	15	1.14x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.142s	3.008s	0.866s	10	1.70x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.229s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.478s (-41.1% 🟢)	1.249s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.632s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.106s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.474s	8	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (-25.7% 🟢)	4.475s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.775s	7	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.299s (-13.2% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.708s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.423s (-2.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.590s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.462s (+0.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.550s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.502s	3.008s	0.506s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.553s	3.007s	0.455s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.740s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.268s	10	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.715s	5.177s	0.462s	6	2.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.428s (-68.0% 🟢)	3.410s (-61.2% 🟢)	0.982s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.652s (-80.6% 🟢)	3.967s (-73.6% 🟢)	1.315s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.892s (-20.7% 🟢)	4.313s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.422s	7	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.775s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.141s (-3.8%)	0.367s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.973s (-2.0%)	4.448s (~)	0.475s	7	1.05x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.035s	4.725s	0.690s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	6.272s (-16.9% 🟢)	7.014s (-12.6% 🟢)	0.742s	5	1.66x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.494s	6.814s	0.320s	5	1.72x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.034s (+9.8% 🔺)	8.525s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.492s	4	2.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.096s	10.350s	0.254s	3	2.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.057s (-67.5% 🟢)	4.684s (-56.7% 🟢)	1.628s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.789s (+3.1%)	5.208s (-2.3%)	1.419s	6	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.275s (+126.5% 🔺)	8.431s (+85.0% 🔺)	1.156s	4	2.38x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.218s	2.006s	0.788s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.294s (-4.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.716s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.673s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.354s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.651s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.444s (+2.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.562s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.446s	2.006s	0.560s	15	1.19x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.165s	3.009s	0.844s	10	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.492s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.097s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.605s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.833s (-3.3%)	1.328s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.552s (+19.4% 🔺)	3.630s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.078s	9	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.380s (-4.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.632s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.412s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.009s (~)	0.596s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.423s (-1.5%)	3.013s (~)	0.589s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.527s	3.008s	0.481s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.642s	3.009s	0.368s	10	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.787s (+3.6%)	3.011s (-3.1%)	0.224s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.698s	5.177s	0.479s	6	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.579s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.033s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.454s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.637s (+7.2% 🔺)	3.966s (~)	1.328s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.723s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.022s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.299s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.791s (-7.1% 🟢)	4.142s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.351s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.936s (-1.7%)	4.450s (-3.1%)	0.514s	7	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.045s	4.581s	0.536s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	7.137s (-9.9% 🟢)	7.765s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.628s	4	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.202s	7.514s	0.313s	4	1.90x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.443s (+7.9% 🔺)	9.023s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.580s	4	2.23x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.941s	10.348s	0.407s	3	2.62x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.923s (-4.8%)	4.328s (-16.5% 🟢)	1.405s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.973s (-37.9% 🟢)	4.435s (-30.2% 🟢)	1.462s	7	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.990s (-1.8%)	4.086s (-9.3% 🟢)	1.096s	8	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.111s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.009s (-18.3% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.904s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.130s (-32.9% 🟢)	0.999s (~)	0.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.883s	10	1.17x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.148s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.860s	10	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.153s	1.002s	0.011s	1.017s	0.864s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-1.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.840s	10	1.60x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.187s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.993s (~)	0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.825s	10	1.69x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.460s	0.982s	0.002s	1.009s	0.549s	10	4.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.550s (-8.0% 🟢)	2.507s (+35.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+37.5% 🔺)	2.977s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.427s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.638s (~)	2.620s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.006s (+22.6% 🔺)	3.203s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.565s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.812s (+22.1% 🔺)	2.820s (+31.7% 🔺)	0.005s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.422s (+28.7% 🔺)	1.611s	10	1.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	12/12
▲ Vercel	Express	6/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	6/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	9/12
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	6/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	560	0	67	627
✅ 💻 Local Development	600	0	84	684
✅ 📦 Local Production	600	0	84	684
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	600	0	84	684
✅ 🪟 Windows	54	0	3	57
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	116	55	15	186
✅ 📋 Other	144	0	27	171
Total	2674	55	364	3093

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (55 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

turso (50 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent)
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• parallelSleepWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control)

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	50	0	7
✅ example	50	0	7
✅ express	50	0	7
✅ fastify	50	0	7
✅ hono	50	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	55	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	55	0	2
✅ nitro	50	0	7
✅ nuxt	50	0	7
✅ sveltekit	50	0	7
✅ vite	50	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	48	0	9
✅ express-stable	48	0	9
✅ fastify-stable	48	0	9
✅ hono-stable	48	0	9
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	54	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	54	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	48	0	9
✅ nuxt-stable	48	0	9
✅ sveltekit-stable	48	0	9
✅ vite-stable	48	0	9

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	54	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	2
❌ mongodb	51	3	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	2
❌ redis	52	2	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	2
❌ turso	4	50	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	48	0	9
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	48	0	9

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​@​vercel/​analytics@​2.0.1 ⏵ 2.0.0				-3
	npm/​@​vercel/​queue@​0.1.1 ⏵ 0.1.4	-1		+1	+1

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