[world] Asymmetric ULID timestamp validation thresholds

[VaguelySerious]

Summary

• Extracted from [core] [world] Lazy run creation on start #1537
• Changes ULID timestamp validation from a symmetric 5-minute threshold to asymmetric thresholds: 24 hours in the past and 5 minutes in the future
• The past threshold supports resilient start where VQS delayed messages (up to 24h) can cause run_created timestamps to lag significantly
• The future threshold stays tight to prevent abuse from client-generated ULIDs with manipulated timestamps while tolerating clock skew

Test plan

• custom runId validation tests pass in world-local (8/8 passing)
• CI checks pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6fe7f08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-15.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.950s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (+9.9% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.548s (-14.7% 🟢)	2.778s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.230s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.153s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.333s (+2.9%)	3.883s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.550s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.888s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.134s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.911s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.112s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.921s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.936s (-0.7%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.088s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	17.453s (-4.9%)	19.447s (-3.2%)	1.994s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.547s (-0.5%)	15.023s (~)	0.476s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.666s (+1.1%)	15.025s (~)	0.359s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.869s (-0.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.159s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.015s (-1.3%)	15.281s (-4.7%)	0.265s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.276s (-1.4%)	35.166s (-0.6%)	1.890s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.993s (~)	14.450s (~)	0.457s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.178s (+1.2%)	15.026s (+2.9%)	0.848s	6	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.490s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.541s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.755s (-2.4%)	17.031s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.277s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.480s (-1.8%)	56.144s (+1.3%)	2.665s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.269s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.282s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.510s (-3.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.495s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (-1.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.523s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.474s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.951s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.331s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.679s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.359s (+1.4%)	3.012s (~)	0.654s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.961s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.208s (-17.4% 🟢)	0.247s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.123s (~)	3.759s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.637s	8	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.413s (+9.7% 🔺)	5.619s (+24.1% 🔺)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.454s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.556s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.502s (+0.8%)	4.011s (~)	0.509s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.370s (~)	8.771s (-2.8%)	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Express	8.371s (+2.7%)	9.021s (~)	0.650s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.363s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.338s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.975s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.265s (+0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.536s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.469s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.453s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.483s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.162s (+15.6% 🔺)	1.679s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.348s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.661s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.664s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.907s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.454s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.547s	9	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.122s (-2.9%)	3.885s (~)	0.763s	8	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.541s (-12.8% 🟢)	4.115s (+3.0%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.486s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.526s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.488s (+0.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.524s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	8.474s (-5.9% 🟢)	9.023s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.549s	4	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.716s (-2.6%)	9.024s (-2.7%)	0.308s	4	2.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.123s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.054s (-1.5%)	1.931s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.823s (-3.3%)	1.024s (+1.6%)	0.201s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.138s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.966s (-3.3%)	1.076s (-24.4% 🟢)	0.110s	56	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.983s (-4.1%)	1.096s (-42.7% 🟢)	0.112s	55	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s (-1.8%)	12.179s (+2.7%)	2.112s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.990s (-1.7%)	2.469s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.479s	37	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.110s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.012s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.902s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.980s (-1.1%)	3.293s (-8.7% 🟢)	0.313s	28	1.50x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.547s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.529s	26	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.137s (+10.2% 🔺)	34.857s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.980s (-1.9%)	4.404s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.424s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.305s (+7.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.707s	24	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	9.017s (-1.4%)	9.401s (-2.4%)	0.384s	13	2.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.211s (-2.2%)	9.864s (-1.6%)	0.653s	13	2.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	83.803s (~)	85.733s (~)	1.930s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.282s (+1.4%)	1.008s (~)	0.726s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.299s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.709s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.591s (+1.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.413s	60	2.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.602s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-3.4%)	0.403s	60	2.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.982s (-0.6%)	3.554s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.572s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.493s (-1.0%)	1.008s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.491s	90	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.507s (-1.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.502s	30	5.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.541s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.468s	30	5.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.745s (-17.5% 🟢)	5.390s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.645s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.800s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.208s	119	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.813s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.019s (+1.1%)	0.206s	118	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	11.134s (-0.6%)	11.755s (-1.5%)	0.621s	11	13.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.277s (-0.6%)	11.938s (~)	0.660s	11	14.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	31.620s (+281.9% 🔺)	33.851s (+247.7% 🔺)	2.231s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.201s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.201s (-0.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.0%)	1.018s (~)	0.817s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.203s (-0.6%)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.807s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.229s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.782s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.584s (-20.9% 🟢)	2.641s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.679s (+0.9%)	4.048s (-3.5%)	2.463s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.641s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.003s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.381s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.673s (+9.2% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.9%)	0.006s (+53.2% 🔺)	1.042s (+1.7%)	0.369s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.719s (-0.7%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.304s	59	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.723s (-4.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.008s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.299s	59	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.245s (-10.7% 🟢)	6.441s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.237s (-44.1% 🟢)	7.975s (+0.6%)	2.730s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.960s (-1.7%)	1.295s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.313s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.353s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.996s (+2.1%)	1.271s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.286s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.291s	47	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (-2.4%)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.804s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.230s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.792s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.606s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.067s (+22.9% 🔺)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (+23.2% 🔺)	2.165s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.764s (+0.8%)	2.212s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.462s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.816s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.137s (+1.8%)	0.000s (+3.6%)	2.173s (+2.9%)	0.357s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.362s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.036s (-1.5%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.039s (-1.5%)	0.676s	15	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.539s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.100s (-3.2%)	0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)	4.103s (-3.2%)	0.564s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.404s (-16.4% 🟢)	5.573s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.275s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.872s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	18/21
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	856	1	67	924
✅ 💻 Local Development	830	0	178	1008
✅ 📦 Local Production	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🪟 Windows	76	0	8	84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	132	60	24	216
✅ 📋 Other	210	0	42	252
Total	3764	61	675	4500

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A | 🔍 observability

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

turso (55 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNADX14H32WY5D5CJ2CADA8M
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVVFJDNRM6X12EVWJSV8G
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW1BC32ANVV4Q8D4ECZTN
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW3NPZRBFYXVTAHQCB5CK
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXC2W2SCG0JHBXK06KFJJ
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADWG9G090YSY7JQS01N5ZF
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXB43JBBDAC0R7H9954N4
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXQYZ818ND9BCMQC1A6NV
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXWFWP8HE86ZW6ZXXS82G
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXYQ1XAS5SFY8Y25NYCZR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0TSX9BEVE2TE3K8QN55W
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0YCQ9MHYK43W5W3YEPYM
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAE4DVCJGA7HBPA25N75BV7
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAE5S7D1Y8R5JRR70BXM4CB
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAE6CSNSZK568AD2W8FKQ07
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAE6N9JKR3TTQ0H9KK9V4MA
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAE6TNYJM1DW39VF128S7YC
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAE6Y4M4MJMXV7WJ2VRGQZ3
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAE7CZGEFBRCGNHRE54DZGT
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAE7K3T10S1KWGHV2NJ0GPE
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAE7RET49171P9BT30MBVBC
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAE7Z5E3PBDFP4ADJN4BGS5
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAE86ZC0DHK1BK2QFWPH010
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNAE8E8EQE2HHH8Z9X2PGQ0M
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNAE8NY2R31SYCR73JMRP3ES
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNAE91M28SWD0HC9K10WQ8A1
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNAE996QWR9JY6091FN739Z7
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9HQ1J0D1N9BHASS0VBR8
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9TST5H50RKTH96V9VYC6
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNAEA6FJK5ECGCXTBPSVVP75
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNAEAXNWSV64N9SP0ZBVG87M
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNAEB806AYWDH4W1JBDM55YF
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNAEBEG302FHKPZA4W9QV5HG

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	77	0	7
✅ example	77	0	7
✅ express	77	0	7
✅ fastify	77	0	7
❌ hono	76	1	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	82	0	2
✅ nitro	77	0	7
✅ nuxt	77	0	7
✅ sveltekit	77	0	7
✅ vite	77	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	76	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	3	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	57	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	55	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	70	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[TooTallNate]

Clean extraction from #1537. The asymmetric threshold logic is correct, the backwards-compat alias is properly deprecated, all three callers use default args so the signature change is safe, and the tests cover the boundary conditions well.

One trivial nit (non-blocking): DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD_MS is imported but unused in storage.test.ts (line 7). The tests now use hardcoded values (25h, 10min, 4min) instead of referencing the constant. You could either remove the dead import or use the new constants in the test assertions for self-documenting tests.

LGTM.

[VaguelySerious]

Summary

• Extracted from [core] [world] Lazy run creation on start #1537
• Changes ULID timestamp validation from a symmetric 5-minute threshold to asymmetric thresholds: 24 hours in the past and 5 minutes in the future
• The past threshold supports resilient start where VQS delayed messages (up to 24h) can cause run_created timestamps to lag significantly
• The future threshold stays tight to prevent abuse from client-generated ULIDs with manipulated timestamps while tolerating clock skew

Test plan

• custom runId validation tests pass in world-local (8/8 passing)
• CI checks pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6fe7f08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-15.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.950s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (+9.9% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.548s (-14.7% 🟢)	2.778s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.230s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.153s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.333s (+2.9%)	3.883s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.550s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.888s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.134s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.911s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.112s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.921s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.936s (-0.7%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.088s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	17.453s (-4.9%)	19.447s (-3.2%)	1.994s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.547s (-0.5%)	15.023s (~)	0.476s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.666s (+1.1%)	15.025s (~)	0.359s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.869s (-0.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.159s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.015s (-1.3%)	15.281s (-4.7%)	0.265s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.276s (-1.4%)	35.166s (-0.6%)	1.890s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.993s (~)	14.450s (~)	0.457s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.178s (+1.2%)	15.026s (+2.9%)	0.848s	6	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.490s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.541s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.755s (-2.4%)	17.031s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.277s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.480s (-1.8%)	56.144s (+1.3%)	2.665s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.269s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.282s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.510s (-3.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.495s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (-1.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.523s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.474s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.951s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.331s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.679s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.359s (+1.4%)	3.012s (~)	0.654s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.961s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.208s (-17.4% 🟢)	0.247s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.123s (~)	3.759s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.637s	8	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.413s (+9.7% 🔺)	5.619s (+24.1% 🔺)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.454s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.556s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.502s (+0.8%)	4.011s (~)	0.509s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.370s (~)	8.771s (-2.8%)	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Express	8.371s (+2.7%)	9.021s (~)	0.650s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.363s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.338s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.975s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.265s (+0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.536s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.469s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.453s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.483s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.162s (+15.6% 🔺)	1.679s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.348s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.661s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.664s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.907s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.454s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.547s	9	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.122s (-2.9%)	3.885s (~)	0.763s	8	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.541s (-12.8% 🟢)	4.115s (+3.0%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.486s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.526s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.488s (+0.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.524s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	8.474s (-5.9% 🟢)	9.023s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.549s	4	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.716s (-2.6%)	9.024s (-2.7%)	0.308s	4	2.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.123s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.054s (-1.5%)	1.931s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.823s (-3.3%)	1.024s (+1.6%)	0.201s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.138s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.966s (-3.3%)	1.076s (-24.4% 🟢)	0.110s	56	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.983s (-4.1%)	1.096s (-42.7% 🟢)	0.112s	55	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s (-1.8%)	12.179s (+2.7%)	2.112s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.990s (-1.7%)	2.469s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.479s	37	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.110s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.012s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.902s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.980s (-1.1%)	3.293s (-8.7% 🟢)	0.313s	28	1.50x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.547s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.529s	26	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.137s (+10.2% 🔺)	34.857s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.980s (-1.9%)	4.404s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.424s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.305s (+7.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.707s	24	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	9.017s (-1.4%)	9.401s (-2.4%)	0.384s	13	2.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.211s (-2.2%)	9.864s (-1.6%)	0.653s	13	2.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	83.803s (~)	85.733s (~)	1.930s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.282s (+1.4%)	1.008s (~)	0.726s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.299s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.709s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.591s (+1.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.413s	60	2.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.602s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-3.4%)	0.403s	60	2.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.982s (-0.6%)	3.554s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.572s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.493s (-1.0%)	1.008s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.491s	90	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.507s (-1.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.502s	30	5.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.541s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.468s	30	5.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.745s (-17.5% 🟢)	5.390s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.645s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.800s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.208s	119	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.813s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.019s (+1.1%)	0.206s	118	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	11.134s (-0.6%)	11.755s (-1.5%)	0.621s	11	13.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.277s (-0.6%)	11.938s (~)	0.660s	11	14.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	31.620s (+281.9% 🔺)	33.851s (+247.7% 🔺)	2.231s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.201s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.201s (-0.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.0%)	1.018s (~)	0.817s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.203s (-0.6%)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.807s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.229s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.782s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.584s (-20.9% 🟢)	2.641s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.679s (+0.9%)	4.048s (-3.5%)	2.463s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.641s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.003s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.381s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.673s (+9.2% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.9%)	0.006s (+53.2% 🔺)	1.042s (+1.7%)	0.369s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.719s (-0.7%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.304s	59	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.723s (-4.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.008s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.299s	59	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.245s (-10.7% 🟢)	6.441s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.237s (-44.1% 🟢)	7.975s (+0.6%)	2.730s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.960s (-1.7%)	1.295s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.313s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.353s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.996s (+2.1%)	1.271s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.286s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.291s	47	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (-2.4%)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.804s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.230s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.792s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.606s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.067s (+22.9% 🔺)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (+23.2% 🔺)	2.165s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.764s (+0.8%)	2.212s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.462s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.816s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.137s (+1.8%)	0.000s (+3.6%)	2.173s (+2.9%)	0.357s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.362s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.036s (-1.5%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.039s (-1.5%)	0.676s	15	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.539s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.100s (-3.2%)	0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)	4.103s (-3.2%)	0.564s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.404s (-16.4% 🟢)	5.573s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.275s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.872s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	18/21
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	856	1	67	924
✅ 💻 Local Development	830	0	178	1008
✅ 📦 Local Production	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🪟 Windows	76	0	8	84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	132	60	24	216
✅ 📋 Other	210	0	42	252
Total	3764	61	675	4500

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A | 🔍 observability

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

turso (55 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNADX14H32WY5D5CJ2CADA8M
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVVFJDNRM6X12EVWJSV8G
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW1BC32ANVV4Q8D4ECZTN
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW3NPZRBFYXVTAHQCB5CK
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXC2W2SCG0JHBXK06KFJJ
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADWG9G090YSY7JQS01N5ZF
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXB43JBBDAC0R7H9954N4
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXQYZ818ND9BCMQC1A6NV
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXWFWP8HE86ZW6ZXXS82G
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXYQ1XAS5SFY8Y25NYCZR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0TSX9BEVE2TE3K8QN55W
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0YCQ9MHYK43W5W3YEPYM
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAE4DVCJGA7HBPA25N75BV7
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAE5S7D1Y8R5JRR70BXM4CB
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAE6CSNSZK568AD2W8FKQ07
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAE6N9JKR3TTQ0H9KK9V4MA
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAE6TNYJM1DW39VF128S7YC
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAE6Y4M4MJMXV7WJ2VRGQZ3
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAE7CZGEFBRCGNHRE54DZGT
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAE7K3T10S1KWGHV2NJ0GPE
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAE7RET49171P9BT30MBVBC
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAE7Z5E3PBDFP4ADJN4BGS5
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAE86ZC0DHK1BK2QFWPH010
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNAE8E8EQE2HHH8Z9X2PGQ0M
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNAE8NY2R31SYCR73JMRP3ES
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNAE91M28SWD0HC9K10WQ8A1
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNAE996QWR9JY6091FN739Z7
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9HQ1J0D1N9BHASS0VBR8
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9TST5H50RKTH96V9VYC6
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNAEA6FJK5ECGCXTBPSVVP75
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNAEAXNWSV64N9SP0ZBVG87M
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNAEB806AYWDH4W1JBDM55YF
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNAEBEG302FHKPZA4W9QV5HG

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	77	0	7
✅ example	77	0	7
✅ express	77	0	7
✅ fastify	77	0	7
❌ hono	76	1	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	82	0	2
✅ nitro	77	0	7
✅ nuxt	77	0	7
✅ sveltekit	77	0	7
✅ vite	77	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	76	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	3	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	57	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	55	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	70	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[TooTallNate]

Clean extraction from #1537. The asymmetric threshold logic is correct, the backwards-compat alias is properly deprecated, all three callers use default args so the signature change is safe, and the tests cover the boundary conditions well.

One trivial nit (non-blocking): DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD_MS is imported but unused in storage.test.ts (line 7). The tests now use hardcoded values (25h, 10min, 4min) instead of referencing the constant. You could either remove the dead import or use the new constants in the test assertions for self-documenting tests.

LGTM.

[VaguelySerious]

Summary

• Extracted from [core] [world] Lazy run creation on start #1537
• Changes ULID timestamp validation from a symmetric 5-minute threshold to asymmetric thresholds: 24 hours in the past and 5 minutes in the future
• The past threshold supports resilient start where VQS delayed messages (up to 24h) can cause run_created timestamps to lag significantly
• The future threshold stays tight to prevent abuse from client-generated ULIDs with manipulated timestamps while tolerating clock skew

Test plan

• custom runId validation tests pass in world-local (8/8 passing)
• CI checks pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6fe7f08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-15.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.950s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (+9.9% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.548s (-14.7% 🟢)	2.778s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.230s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.153s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.333s (+2.9%)	3.883s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.550s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.888s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.134s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.911s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.112s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.921s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.936s (-0.7%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.088s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	17.453s (-4.9%)	19.447s (-3.2%)	1.994s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.547s (-0.5%)	15.023s (~)	0.476s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.666s (+1.1%)	15.025s (~)	0.359s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.869s (-0.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.159s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.015s (-1.3%)	15.281s (-4.7%)	0.265s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.276s (-1.4%)	35.166s (-0.6%)	1.890s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.993s (~)	14.450s (~)	0.457s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.178s (+1.2%)	15.026s (+2.9%)	0.848s	6	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.490s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.541s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.755s (-2.4%)	17.031s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.277s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.480s (-1.8%)	56.144s (+1.3%)	2.665s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.269s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.282s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.510s (-3.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.495s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (-1.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.523s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.474s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.951s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.331s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.679s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.359s (+1.4%)	3.012s (~)	0.654s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.961s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.208s (-17.4% 🟢)	0.247s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.123s (~)	3.759s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.637s	8	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.413s (+9.7% 🔺)	5.619s (+24.1% 🔺)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.454s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.556s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.502s (+0.8%)	4.011s (~)	0.509s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.370s (~)	8.771s (-2.8%)	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Express	8.371s (+2.7%)	9.021s (~)	0.650s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.363s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.338s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.975s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.265s (+0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.536s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.469s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.453s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.483s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.162s (+15.6% 🔺)	1.679s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.348s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.661s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.664s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.907s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.454s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.547s	9	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.122s (-2.9%)	3.885s (~)	0.763s	8	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.541s (-12.8% 🟢)	4.115s (+3.0%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.486s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.526s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.488s (+0.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.524s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	8.474s (-5.9% 🟢)	9.023s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.549s	4	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.716s (-2.6%)	9.024s (-2.7%)	0.308s	4	2.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.123s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.054s (-1.5%)	1.931s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.823s (-3.3%)	1.024s (+1.6%)	0.201s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.138s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.966s (-3.3%)	1.076s (-24.4% 🟢)	0.110s	56	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.983s (-4.1%)	1.096s (-42.7% 🟢)	0.112s	55	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s (-1.8%)	12.179s (+2.7%)	2.112s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.990s (-1.7%)	2.469s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.479s	37	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.110s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.012s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.902s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.980s (-1.1%)	3.293s (-8.7% 🟢)	0.313s	28	1.50x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.547s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.529s	26	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.137s (+10.2% 🔺)	34.857s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.980s (-1.9%)	4.404s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.424s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.305s (+7.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.707s	24	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	9.017s (-1.4%)	9.401s (-2.4%)	0.384s	13	2.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.211s (-2.2%)	9.864s (-1.6%)	0.653s	13	2.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	83.803s (~)	85.733s (~)	1.930s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.282s (+1.4%)	1.008s (~)	0.726s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.299s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.709s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.591s (+1.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.413s	60	2.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.602s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-3.4%)	0.403s	60	2.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.982s (-0.6%)	3.554s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.572s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.493s (-1.0%)	1.008s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.491s	90	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.507s (-1.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.502s	30	5.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.541s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.468s	30	5.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.745s (-17.5% 🟢)	5.390s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.645s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.800s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.208s	119	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.813s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.019s (+1.1%)	0.206s	118	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	11.134s (-0.6%)	11.755s (-1.5%)	0.621s	11	13.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.277s (-0.6%)	11.938s (~)	0.660s	11	14.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	31.620s (+281.9% 🔺)	33.851s (+247.7% 🔺)	2.231s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.201s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.201s (-0.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.0%)	1.018s (~)	0.817s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.203s (-0.6%)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.807s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.229s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.782s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.584s (-20.9% 🟢)	2.641s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.679s (+0.9%)	4.048s (-3.5%)	2.463s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.641s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.003s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.381s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.673s (+9.2% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.9%)	0.006s (+53.2% 🔺)	1.042s (+1.7%)	0.369s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.719s (-0.7%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.304s	59	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.723s (-4.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.008s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.299s	59	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.245s (-10.7% 🟢)	6.441s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.237s (-44.1% 🟢)	7.975s (+0.6%)	2.730s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.960s (-1.7%)	1.295s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.313s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.353s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.996s (+2.1%)	1.271s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.286s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.291s	47	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (-2.4%)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.804s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.230s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.792s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.606s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.067s (+22.9% 🔺)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (+23.2% 🔺)	2.165s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.764s (+0.8%)	2.212s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.462s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.816s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.137s (+1.8%)	0.000s (+3.6%)	2.173s (+2.9%)	0.357s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.362s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.036s (-1.5%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.039s (-1.5%)	0.676s	15	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.539s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.100s (-3.2%)	0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)	4.103s (-3.2%)	0.564s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.404s (-16.4% 🟢)	5.573s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.275s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.872s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	18/21
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	856	1	67	924
✅ 💻 Local Development	830	0	178	1008
✅ 📦 Local Production	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🪟 Windows	76	0	8	84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	132	60	24	216
✅ 📋 Other	210	0	42	252
Total	3764	61	675	4500

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A | 🔍 observability

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

turso (55 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNADX14H32WY5D5CJ2CADA8M
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVVFJDNRM6X12EVWJSV8G
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW1BC32ANVV4Q8D4ECZTN
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW3NPZRBFYXVTAHQCB5CK
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXC2W2SCG0JHBXK06KFJJ
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADWG9G090YSY7JQS01N5ZF
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXB43JBBDAC0R7H9954N4
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXQYZ818ND9BCMQC1A6NV
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXWFWP8HE86ZW6ZXXS82G
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXYQ1XAS5SFY8Y25NYCZR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0TSX9BEVE2TE3K8QN55W
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0YCQ9MHYK43W5W3YEPYM
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAE4DVCJGA7HBPA25N75BV7
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAE5S7D1Y8R5JRR70BXM4CB
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAE6CSNSZK568AD2W8FKQ07
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAE6N9JKR3TTQ0H9KK9V4MA
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAE6TNYJM1DW39VF128S7YC
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAE6Y4M4MJMXV7WJ2VRGQZ3
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAE7CZGEFBRCGNHRE54DZGT
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAE7K3T10S1KWGHV2NJ0GPE
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAE7RET49171P9BT30MBVBC
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAE7Z5E3PBDFP4ADJN4BGS5
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAE86ZC0DHK1BK2QFWPH010
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNAE8E8EQE2HHH8Z9X2PGQ0M
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNAE8NY2R31SYCR73JMRP3ES
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNAE91M28SWD0HC9K10WQ8A1
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNAE996QWR9JY6091FN739Z7
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9HQ1J0D1N9BHASS0VBR8
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9TST5H50RKTH96V9VYC6
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNAEA6FJK5ECGCXTBPSVVP75
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNAEAXNWSV64N9SP0ZBVG87M
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNAEB806AYWDH4W1JBDM55YF
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNAEBEG302FHKPZA4W9QV5HG

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	77	0	7
✅ example	77	0	7
✅ express	77	0	7
✅ fastify	77	0	7
❌ hono	76	1	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	82	0	2
✅ nitro	77	0	7
✅ nuxt	77	0	7
✅ sveltekit	77	0	7
✅ vite	77	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	76	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	3	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	57	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	55	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	70	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[TooTallNate]

Clean extraction from #1537. The asymmetric threshold logic is correct, the backwards-compat alias is properly deprecated, all three callers use default args so the signature change is safe, and the tests cover the boundary conditions well.

One trivial nit (non-blocking): DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD_MS is imported but unused in storage.test.ts (line 7). The tests now use hardcoded values (25h, 10min, 4min) instead of referencing the constant. You could either remove the dead import or use the new constants in the test assertions for self-documenting tests.

LGTM.

[VaguelySerious]

Summary

• Extracted from [core] [world] Lazy run creation on start #1537
• Changes ULID timestamp validation from a symmetric 5-minute threshold to asymmetric thresholds: 24 hours in the past and 5 minutes in the future
• The past threshold supports resilient start where VQS delayed messages (up to 24h) can cause run_created timestamps to lag significantly
• The future threshold stays tight to prevent abuse from client-generated ULIDs with manipulated timestamps while tolerating clock skew

Test plan

• custom runId validation tests pass in world-local (8/8 passing)
• CI checks pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6fe7f08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-15.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.950s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (+9.9% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.548s (-14.7% 🟢)	2.778s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.230s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.153s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.333s (+2.9%)	3.883s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.550s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.888s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.134s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.911s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.112s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.921s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.936s (-0.7%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.088s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	17.453s (-4.9%)	19.447s (-3.2%)	1.994s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.547s (-0.5%)	15.023s (~)	0.476s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.666s (+1.1%)	15.025s (~)	0.359s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.869s (-0.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.159s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.015s (-1.3%)	15.281s (-4.7%)	0.265s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.276s (-1.4%)	35.166s (-0.6%)	1.890s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.993s (~)	14.450s (~)	0.457s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.178s (+1.2%)	15.026s (+2.9%)	0.848s	6	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.490s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.541s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.755s (-2.4%)	17.031s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.277s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.480s (-1.8%)	56.144s (+1.3%)	2.665s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.269s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.282s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.510s (-3.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.495s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (-1.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.523s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.474s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.951s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.331s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.679s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.359s (+1.4%)	3.012s (~)	0.654s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.961s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.208s (-17.4% 🟢)	0.247s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.123s (~)	3.759s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.637s	8	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.413s (+9.7% 🔺)	5.619s (+24.1% 🔺)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.454s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.556s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.502s (+0.8%)	4.011s (~)	0.509s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.370s (~)	8.771s (-2.8%)	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Express	8.371s (+2.7%)	9.021s (~)	0.650s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.363s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.338s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.975s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.265s (+0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.536s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.469s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.453s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.483s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.162s (+15.6% 🔺)	1.679s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.348s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.661s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.664s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.907s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.454s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.547s	9	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.122s (-2.9%)	3.885s (~)	0.763s	8	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.541s (-12.8% 🟢)	4.115s (+3.0%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.486s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.526s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.488s (+0.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.524s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	8.474s (-5.9% 🟢)	9.023s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.549s	4	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.716s (-2.6%)	9.024s (-2.7%)	0.308s	4	2.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.123s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.054s (-1.5%)	1.931s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.823s (-3.3%)	1.024s (+1.6%)	0.201s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.138s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.966s (-3.3%)	1.076s (-24.4% 🟢)	0.110s	56	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.983s (-4.1%)	1.096s (-42.7% 🟢)	0.112s	55	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s (-1.8%)	12.179s (+2.7%)	2.112s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.990s (-1.7%)	2.469s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.479s	37	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.110s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.012s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.902s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.980s (-1.1%)	3.293s (-8.7% 🟢)	0.313s	28	1.50x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.547s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.529s	26	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.137s (+10.2% 🔺)	34.857s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.980s (-1.9%)	4.404s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.424s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.305s (+7.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.707s	24	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	9.017s (-1.4%)	9.401s (-2.4%)	0.384s	13	2.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.211s (-2.2%)	9.864s (-1.6%)	0.653s	13	2.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	83.803s (~)	85.733s (~)	1.930s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.282s (+1.4%)	1.008s (~)	0.726s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.299s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.709s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.591s (+1.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.413s	60	2.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.602s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-3.4%)	0.403s	60	2.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.982s (-0.6%)	3.554s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.572s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.493s (-1.0%)	1.008s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.491s	90	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.507s (-1.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.502s	30	5.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.541s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.468s	30	5.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.745s (-17.5% 🟢)	5.390s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.645s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.800s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.208s	119	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.813s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.019s (+1.1%)	0.206s	118	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	11.134s (-0.6%)	11.755s (-1.5%)	0.621s	11	13.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.277s (-0.6%)	11.938s (~)	0.660s	11	14.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	31.620s (+281.9% 🔺)	33.851s (+247.7% 🔺)	2.231s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.201s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.201s (-0.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.0%)	1.018s (~)	0.817s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.203s (-0.6%)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.807s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.229s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.782s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.584s (-20.9% 🟢)	2.641s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.679s (+0.9%)	4.048s (-3.5%)	2.463s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.641s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.003s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.381s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.673s (+9.2% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.9%)	0.006s (+53.2% 🔺)	1.042s (+1.7%)	0.369s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.719s (-0.7%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.304s	59	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.723s (-4.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.008s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.299s	59	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.245s (-10.7% 🟢)	6.441s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.237s (-44.1% 🟢)	7.975s (+0.6%)	2.730s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.960s (-1.7%)	1.295s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.313s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.353s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.996s (+2.1%)	1.271s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.286s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.291s	47	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (-2.4%)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.804s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.230s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.792s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.606s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.067s (+22.9% 🔺)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (+23.2% 🔺)	2.165s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.764s (+0.8%)	2.212s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.462s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.816s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.137s (+1.8%)	0.000s (+3.6%)	2.173s (+2.9%)	0.357s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.362s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.036s (-1.5%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.039s (-1.5%)	0.676s	15	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.539s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.100s (-3.2%)	0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)	4.103s (-3.2%)	0.564s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.404s (-16.4% 🟢)	5.573s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.275s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.872s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	18/21
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	856	1	67	924
✅ 💻 Local Development	830	0	178	1008
✅ 📦 Local Production	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🪟 Windows	76	0	8	84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	132	60	24	216
✅ 📋 Other	210	0	42	252
Total	3764	61	675	4500

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A | 🔍 observability

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

turso (55 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNADX14H32WY5D5CJ2CADA8M
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVVFJDNRM6X12EVWJSV8G
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW1BC32ANVV4Q8D4ECZTN
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW3NPZRBFYXVTAHQCB5CK
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXC2W2SCG0JHBXK06KFJJ
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADWG9G090YSY7JQS01N5ZF
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXB43JBBDAC0R7H9954N4
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXQYZ818ND9BCMQC1A6NV
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXWFWP8HE86ZW6ZXXS82G
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXYQ1XAS5SFY8Y25NYCZR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0TSX9BEVE2TE3K8QN55W
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0YCQ9MHYK43W5W3YEPYM
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAE4DVCJGA7HBPA25N75BV7
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAE5S7D1Y8R5JRR70BXM4CB
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAE6CSNSZK568AD2W8FKQ07
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAE6N9JKR3TTQ0H9KK9V4MA
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAE6TNYJM1DW39VF128S7YC
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAE6Y4M4MJMXV7WJ2VRGQZ3
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAE7CZGEFBRCGNHRE54DZGT
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAE7K3T10S1KWGHV2NJ0GPE
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAE7RET49171P9BT30MBVBC
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAE7Z5E3PBDFP4ADJN4BGS5
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAE86ZC0DHK1BK2QFWPH010
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNAE8E8EQE2HHH8Z9X2PGQ0M
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNAE8NY2R31SYCR73JMRP3ES
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNAE91M28SWD0HC9K10WQ8A1
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNAE996QWR9JY6091FN739Z7
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9HQ1J0D1N9BHASS0VBR8
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9TST5H50RKTH96V9VYC6
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNAEA6FJK5ECGCXTBPSVVP75
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNAEAXNWSV64N9SP0ZBVG87M
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNAEB806AYWDH4W1JBDM55YF
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNAEBEG302FHKPZA4W9QV5HG

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	77	0	7
✅ example	77	0	7
✅ express	77	0	7
✅ fastify	77	0	7
❌ hono	76	1	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	82	0	2
✅ nitro	77	0	7
✅ nuxt	77	0	7
✅ sveltekit	77	0	7
✅ vite	77	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	76	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	3	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	57	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	55	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	70	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[TooTallNate]

Clean extraction from #1537. The asymmetric threshold logic is correct, the backwards-compat alias is properly deprecated, all three callers use default args so the signature change is safe, and the tests cover the boundary conditions well.

One trivial nit (non-blocking): DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD_MS is imported but unused in storage.test.ts (line 7). The tests now use hardcoded values (25h, 10min, 4min) instead of referencing the constant. You could either remove the dead import or use the new constants in the test assertions for self-documenting tests.

LGTM.

[VaguelySerious]

Summary

• Extracted from [core] [world] Lazy run creation on start #1537
• Changes ULID timestamp validation from a symmetric 5-minute threshold to asymmetric thresholds: 24 hours in the past and 5 minutes in the future
• The past threshold supports resilient start where VQS delayed messages (up to 24h) can cause run_created timestamps to lag significantly
• The future threshold stays tight to prevent abuse from client-generated ULIDs with manipulated timestamps while tolerating clock skew

Test plan

• custom runId validation tests pass in world-local (8/8 passing)
• CI checks pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6fe7f08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-15.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.950s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (+9.9% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.548s (-14.7% 🟢)	2.778s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.230s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.153s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.333s (+2.9%)	3.883s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.550s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.888s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.134s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.911s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.112s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.921s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.936s (-0.7%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.088s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	17.453s (-4.9%)	19.447s (-3.2%)	1.994s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.547s (-0.5%)	15.023s (~)	0.476s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.666s (+1.1%)	15.025s (~)	0.359s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.869s (-0.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.159s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.015s (-1.3%)	15.281s (-4.7%)	0.265s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.276s (-1.4%)	35.166s (-0.6%)	1.890s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.993s (~)	14.450s (~)	0.457s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.178s (+1.2%)	15.026s (+2.9%)	0.848s	6	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.490s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.541s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.755s (-2.4%)	17.031s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.277s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.480s (-1.8%)	56.144s (+1.3%)	2.665s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.269s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.282s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.510s (-3.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.495s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (-1.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.523s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.474s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.951s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.331s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.679s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.359s (+1.4%)	3.012s (~)	0.654s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.961s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.208s (-17.4% 🟢)	0.247s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.123s (~)	3.759s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.637s	8	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.413s (+9.7% 🔺)	5.619s (+24.1% 🔺)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.454s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.556s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.502s (+0.8%)	4.011s (~)	0.509s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.370s (~)	8.771s (-2.8%)	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Express	8.371s (+2.7%)	9.021s (~)	0.650s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.363s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.338s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.975s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.265s (+0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.536s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.469s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.453s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.483s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.162s (+15.6% 🔺)	1.679s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.348s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.661s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.664s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.907s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.454s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.547s	9	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.122s (-2.9%)	3.885s (~)	0.763s	8	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.541s (-12.8% 🟢)	4.115s (+3.0%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.486s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.526s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.488s (+0.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.524s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	8.474s (-5.9% 🟢)	9.023s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.549s	4	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.716s (-2.6%)	9.024s (-2.7%)	0.308s	4	2.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.123s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.054s (-1.5%)	1.931s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.823s (-3.3%)	1.024s (+1.6%)	0.201s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.138s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.966s (-3.3%)	1.076s (-24.4% 🟢)	0.110s	56	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.983s (-4.1%)	1.096s (-42.7% 🟢)	0.112s	55	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s (-1.8%)	12.179s (+2.7%)	2.112s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.990s (-1.7%)	2.469s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.479s	37	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.110s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.012s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.902s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.980s (-1.1%)	3.293s (-8.7% 🟢)	0.313s	28	1.50x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.547s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.529s	26	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.137s (+10.2% 🔺)	34.857s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.980s (-1.9%)	4.404s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.424s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.305s (+7.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.707s	24	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	9.017s (-1.4%)	9.401s (-2.4%)	0.384s	13	2.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.211s (-2.2%)	9.864s (-1.6%)	0.653s	13	2.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	83.803s (~)	85.733s (~)	1.930s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.282s (+1.4%)	1.008s (~)	0.726s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.299s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.709s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.591s (+1.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.413s	60	2.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.602s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-3.4%)	0.403s	60	2.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.982s (-0.6%)	3.554s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.572s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.493s (-1.0%)	1.008s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.491s	90	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.507s (-1.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.502s	30	5.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.541s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.468s	30	5.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.745s (-17.5% 🟢)	5.390s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.645s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.800s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.208s	119	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.813s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.019s (+1.1%)	0.206s	118	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	11.134s (-0.6%)	11.755s (-1.5%)	0.621s	11	13.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.277s (-0.6%)	11.938s (~)	0.660s	11	14.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	31.620s (+281.9% 🔺)	33.851s (+247.7% 🔺)	2.231s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.201s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.201s (-0.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.0%)	1.018s (~)	0.817s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.203s (-0.6%)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.807s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.229s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.782s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.584s (-20.9% 🟢)	2.641s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.679s (+0.9%)	4.048s (-3.5%)	2.463s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.641s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.003s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.381s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.673s (+9.2% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.9%)	0.006s (+53.2% 🔺)	1.042s (+1.7%)	0.369s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.719s (-0.7%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.304s	59	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.723s (-4.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.008s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.299s	59	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.245s (-10.7% 🟢)	6.441s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.237s (-44.1% 🟢)	7.975s (+0.6%)	2.730s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.960s (-1.7%)	1.295s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.313s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.353s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.996s (+2.1%)	1.271s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.286s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.291s	47	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (-2.4%)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.804s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.230s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.792s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.606s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.067s (+22.9% 🔺)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (+23.2% 🔺)	2.165s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.764s (+0.8%)	2.212s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.462s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.816s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.137s (+1.8%)	0.000s (+3.6%)	2.173s (+2.9%)	0.357s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.362s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.036s (-1.5%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.039s (-1.5%)	0.676s	15	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.539s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.100s (-3.2%)	0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)	4.103s (-3.2%)	0.564s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.404s (-16.4% 🟢)	5.573s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.275s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.872s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	18/21
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	856	1	67	924
✅ 💻 Local Development	830	0	178	1008
✅ 📦 Local Production	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🪟 Windows	76	0	8	84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	132	60	24	216
✅ 📋 Other	210	0	42	252
Total	3764	61	675	4500

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A | 🔍 observability

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

turso (55 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNADX14H32WY5D5CJ2CADA8M
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVVFJDNRM6X12EVWJSV8G
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW1BC32ANVV4Q8D4ECZTN
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW3NPZRBFYXVTAHQCB5CK
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXC2W2SCG0JHBXK06KFJJ
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADWG9G090YSY7JQS01N5ZF
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXB43JBBDAC0R7H9954N4
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXQYZ818ND9BCMQC1A6NV
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXWFWP8HE86ZW6ZXXS82G
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXYQ1XAS5SFY8Y25NYCZR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0TSX9BEVE2TE3K8QN55W
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0YCQ9MHYK43W5W3YEPYM
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAE4DVCJGA7HBPA25N75BV7
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAE5S7D1Y8R5JRR70BXM4CB
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAE6CSNSZK568AD2W8FKQ07
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAE6N9JKR3TTQ0H9KK9V4MA
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAE6TNYJM1DW39VF128S7YC
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAE6Y4M4MJMXV7WJ2VRGQZ3
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAE7CZGEFBRCGNHRE54DZGT
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAE7K3T10S1KWGHV2NJ0GPE
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAE7RET49171P9BT30MBVBC
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAE7Z5E3PBDFP4ADJN4BGS5
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAE86ZC0DHK1BK2QFWPH010
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNAE8E8EQE2HHH8Z9X2PGQ0M
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNAE8NY2R31SYCR73JMRP3ES
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNAE91M28SWD0HC9K10WQ8A1
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNAE996QWR9JY6091FN739Z7
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9HQ1J0D1N9BHASS0VBR8
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9TST5H50RKTH96V9VYC6
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNAEA6FJK5ECGCXTBPSVVP75
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNAEAXNWSV64N9SP0ZBVG87M
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNAEB806AYWDH4W1JBDM55YF
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNAEBEG302FHKPZA4W9QV5HG

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	77	0	7
✅ example	77	0	7
✅ express	77	0	7
✅ fastify	77	0	7
❌ hono	76	1	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	82	0	2
✅ nitro	77	0	7
✅ nuxt	77	0	7
✅ sveltekit	77	0	7
✅ vite	77	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	76	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	3	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	57	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	55	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	70	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[TooTallNate]

Clean extraction from #1537. The asymmetric threshold logic is correct, the backwards-compat alias is properly deprecated, all three callers use default args so the signature change is safe, and the tests cover the boundary conditions well.

One trivial nit (non-blocking): DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD_MS is imported but unused in storage.test.ts (line 7). The tests now use hardcoded values (25h, 10min, 4min) instead of referencing the constant. You could either remove the dead import or use the new constants in the test assertions for self-documenting tests.

LGTM.

[VaguelySerious]

Summary

• Extracted from [core] [world] Lazy run creation on start #1537
• Changes ULID timestamp validation from a symmetric 5-minute threshold to asymmetric thresholds: 24 hours in the past and 5 minutes in the future
• The past threshold supports resilient start where VQS delayed messages (up to 24h) can cause run_created timestamps to lag significantly
• The future threshold stays tight to prevent abuse from client-generated ULIDs with manipulated timestamps while tolerating clock skew

Test plan

• custom runId validation tests pass in world-local (8/8 passing)
• CI checks pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6fe7f08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-15.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.950s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (+9.9% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.548s (-14.7% 🟢)	2.778s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.230s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.153s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.333s (+2.9%)	3.883s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.550s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.888s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.134s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.911s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.112s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.921s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.936s (-0.7%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.088s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	17.453s (-4.9%)	19.447s (-3.2%)	1.994s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.547s (-0.5%)	15.023s (~)	0.476s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.666s (+1.1%)	15.025s (~)	0.359s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.869s (-0.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.159s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.015s (-1.3%)	15.281s (-4.7%)	0.265s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.276s (-1.4%)	35.166s (-0.6%)	1.890s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.993s (~)	14.450s (~)	0.457s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.178s (+1.2%)	15.026s (+2.9%)	0.848s	6	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.490s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.541s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.755s (-2.4%)	17.031s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.277s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.480s (-1.8%)	56.144s (+1.3%)	2.665s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.269s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.282s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.510s (-3.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.495s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (-1.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.523s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.474s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.951s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.331s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.679s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.359s (+1.4%)	3.012s (~)	0.654s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.961s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.208s (-17.4% 🟢)	0.247s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.123s (~)	3.759s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.637s	8	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.413s (+9.7% 🔺)	5.619s (+24.1% 🔺)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.454s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.556s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.502s (+0.8%)	4.011s (~)	0.509s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.370s (~)	8.771s (-2.8%)	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Express	8.371s (+2.7%)	9.021s (~)	0.650s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.363s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.338s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.975s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.265s (+0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.536s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.469s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.453s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.483s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.162s (+15.6% 🔺)	1.679s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.348s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.661s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.664s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.907s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.454s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.547s	9	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.122s (-2.9%)	3.885s (~)	0.763s	8	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.541s (-12.8% 🟢)	4.115s (+3.0%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.486s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.526s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.488s (+0.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.524s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	8.474s (-5.9% 🟢)	9.023s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.549s	4	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.716s (-2.6%)	9.024s (-2.7%)	0.308s	4	2.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.123s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.054s (-1.5%)	1.931s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.823s (-3.3%)	1.024s (+1.6%)	0.201s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.138s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.966s (-3.3%)	1.076s (-24.4% 🟢)	0.110s	56	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.983s (-4.1%)	1.096s (-42.7% 🟢)	0.112s	55	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s (-1.8%)	12.179s (+2.7%)	2.112s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.990s (-1.7%)	2.469s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.479s	37	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.110s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.012s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.902s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.980s (-1.1%)	3.293s (-8.7% 🟢)	0.313s	28	1.50x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.547s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.529s	26	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.137s (+10.2% 🔺)	34.857s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.980s (-1.9%)	4.404s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.424s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.305s (+7.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.707s	24	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	9.017s (-1.4%)	9.401s (-2.4%)	0.384s	13	2.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.211s (-2.2%)	9.864s (-1.6%)	0.653s	13	2.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	83.803s (~)	85.733s (~)	1.930s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.282s (+1.4%)	1.008s (~)	0.726s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.299s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.709s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.591s (+1.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.413s	60	2.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.602s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-3.4%)	0.403s	60	2.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.982s (-0.6%)	3.554s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.572s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.493s (-1.0%)	1.008s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.491s	90	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.507s (-1.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.502s	30	5.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.541s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.468s	30	5.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.745s (-17.5% 🟢)	5.390s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.645s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.800s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.208s	119	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.813s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.019s (+1.1%)	0.206s	118	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	11.134s (-0.6%)	11.755s (-1.5%)	0.621s	11	13.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.277s (-0.6%)	11.938s (~)	0.660s	11	14.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	31.620s (+281.9% 🔺)	33.851s (+247.7% 🔺)	2.231s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.201s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.201s (-0.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.0%)	1.018s (~)	0.817s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.203s (-0.6%)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.807s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.229s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.782s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.584s (-20.9% 🟢)	2.641s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.679s (+0.9%)	4.048s (-3.5%)	2.463s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.641s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.003s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.381s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.673s (+9.2% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.9%)	0.006s (+53.2% 🔺)	1.042s (+1.7%)	0.369s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.719s (-0.7%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.304s	59	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.723s (-4.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.008s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.299s	59	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.245s (-10.7% 🟢)	6.441s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.237s (-44.1% 🟢)	7.975s (+0.6%)	2.730s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.960s (-1.7%)	1.295s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.313s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.353s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.996s (+2.1%)	1.271s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.286s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.291s	47	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (-2.4%)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.804s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.230s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.792s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.606s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.067s (+22.9% 🔺)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (+23.2% 🔺)	2.165s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.764s (+0.8%)	2.212s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.462s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.816s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.137s (+1.8%)	0.000s (+3.6%)	2.173s (+2.9%)	0.357s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.362s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.036s (-1.5%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.039s (-1.5%)	0.676s	15	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.539s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.100s (-3.2%)	0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)	4.103s (-3.2%)	0.564s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.404s (-16.4% 🟢)	5.573s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.275s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.872s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	18/21
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	856	1	67	924
✅ 💻 Local Development	830	0	178	1008
✅ 📦 Local Production	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🪟 Windows	76	0	8	84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	132	60	24	216
✅ 📋 Other	210	0	42	252
Total	3764	61	675	4500

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A | 🔍 observability

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

turso (55 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNADX14H32WY5D5CJ2CADA8M
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVVFJDNRM6X12EVWJSV8G
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW1BC32ANVV4Q8D4ECZTN
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW3NPZRBFYXVTAHQCB5CK
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXC2W2SCG0JHBXK06KFJJ
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADWG9G090YSY7JQS01N5ZF
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXB43JBBDAC0R7H9954N4
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXQYZ818ND9BCMQC1A6NV
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXWFWP8HE86ZW6ZXXS82G
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXYQ1XAS5SFY8Y25NYCZR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0TSX9BEVE2TE3K8QN55W
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0YCQ9MHYK43W5W3YEPYM
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAE4DVCJGA7HBPA25N75BV7
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAE5S7D1Y8R5JRR70BXM4CB
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAE6CSNSZK568AD2W8FKQ07
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAE6N9JKR3TTQ0H9KK9V4MA
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAE6TNYJM1DW39VF128S7YC
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAE6Y4M4MJMXV7WJ2VRGQZ3
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAE7CZGEFBRCGNHRE54DZGT
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAE7K3T10S1KWGHV2NJ0GPE
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAE7RET49171P9BT30MBVBC
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAE7Z5E3PBDFP4ADJN4BGS5
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAE86ZC0DHK1BK2QFWPH010
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNAE8E8EQE2HHH8Z9X2PGQ0M
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNAE8NY2R31SYCR73JMRP3ES
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNAE91M28SWD0HC9K10WQ8A1
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNAE996QWR9JY6091FN739Z7
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9HQ1J0D1N9BHASS0VBR8
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9TST5H50RKTH96V9VYC6
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNAEA6FJK5ECGCXTBPSVVP75
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNAEAXNWSV64N9SP0ZBVG87M
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNAEB806AYWDH4W1JBDM55YF
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNAEBEG302FHKPZA4W9QV5HG

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	77	0	7
✅ example	77	0	7
✅ express	77	0	7
✅ fastify	77	0	7
❌ hono	76	1	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	82	0	2
✅ nitro	77	0	7
✅ nuxt	77	0	7
✅ sveltekit	77	0	7
✅ vite	77	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	76	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	3	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	57	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	55	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	70	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[TooTallNate]

Clean extraction from #1537. The asymmetric threshold logic is correct, the backwards-compat alias is properly deprecated, all three callers use default args so the signature change is safe, and the tests cover the boundary conditions well.

One trivial nit (non-blocking): DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD_MS is imported but unused in storage.test.ts (line 7). The tests now use hardcoded values (25h, 10min, 4min) instead of referencing the constant. You could either remove the dead import or use the new constants in the test assertions for self-documenting tests.

LGTM.

[VaguelySerious]

Summary

• Extracted from [core] [world] Lazy run creation on start #1537
• Changes ULID timestamp validation from a symmetric 5-minute threshold to asymmetric thresholds: 24 hours in the past and 5 minutes in the future
• The past threshold supports resilient start where VQS delayed messages (up to 24h) can cause run_created timestamps to lag significantly
• The future threshold stays tight to prevent abuse from client-generated ULIDs with manipulated timestamps while tolerating clock skew

Test plan

• custom runId validation tests pass in world-local (8/8 passing)
• CI checks pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6fe7f08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-15.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.950s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (+9.9% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.548s (-14.7% 🟢)	2.778s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.230s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.153s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.333s (+2.9%)	3.883s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.550s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.888s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.134s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.911s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.112s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.921s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.936s (-0.7%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.088s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	17.453s (-4.9%)	19.447s (-3.2%)	1.994s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.547s (-0.5%)	15.023s (~)	0.476s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.666s (+1.1%)	15.025s (~)	0.359s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.869s (-0.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.159s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.015s (-1.3%)	15.281s (-4.7%)	0.265s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.276s (-1.4%)	35.166s (-0.6%)	1.890s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.993s (~)	14.450s (~)	0.457s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.178s (+1.2%)	15.026s (+2.9%)	0.848s	6	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.490s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.541s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.755s (-2.4%)	17.031s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.277s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.480s (-1.8%)	56.144s (+1.3%)	2.665s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.269s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.282s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.510s (-3.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.495s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (-1.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.523s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.474s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.951s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.331s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.679s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.359s (+1.4%)	3.012s (~)	0.654s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.961s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.208s (-17.4% 🟢)	0.247s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.123s (~)	3.759s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.637s	8	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.413s (+9.7% 🔺)	5.619s (+24.1% 🔺)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.454s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.556s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.502s (+0.8%)	4.011s (~)	0.509s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.370s (~)	8.771s (-2.8%)	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Express	8.371s (+2.7%)	9.021s (~)	0.650s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.363s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.338s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.975s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.265s (+0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.536s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.469s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.453s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.483s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.162s (+15.6% 🔺)	1.679s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.348s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.661s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.664s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.907s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.454s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.547s	9	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.122s (-2.9%)	3.885s (~)	0.763s	8	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.541s (-12.8% 🟢)	4.115s (+3.0%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.486s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.526s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.488s (+0.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.524s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	8.474s (-5.9% 🟢)	9.023s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.549s	4	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.716s (-2.6%)	9.024s (-2.7%)	0.308s	4	2.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.123s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.054s (-1.5%)	1.931s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.823s (-3.3%)	1.024s (+1.6%)	0.201s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.138s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.966s (-3.3%)	1.076s (-24.4% 🟢)	0.110s	56	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.983s (-4.1%)	1.096s (-42.7% 🟢)	0.112s	55	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s (-1.8%)	12.179s (+2.7%)	2.112s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.990s (-1.7%)	2.469s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.479s	37	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.110s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.012s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.902s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.980s (-1.1%)	3.293s (-8.7% 🟢)	0.313s	28	1.50x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.547s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.529s	26	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.137s (+10.2% 🔺)	34.857s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.980s (-1.9%)	4.404s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.424s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.305s (+7.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.707s	24	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	9.017s (-1.4%)	9.401s (-2.4%)	0.384s	13	2.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.211s (-2.2%)	9.864s (-1.6%)	0.653s	13	2.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	83.803s (~)	85.733s (~)	1.930s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.282s (+1.4%)	1.008s (~)	0.726s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.299s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.709s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.591s (+1.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.413s	60	2.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.602s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-3.4%)	0.403s	60	2.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.982s (-0.6%)	3.554s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.572s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.493s (-1.0%)	1.008s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.491s	90	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.507s (-1.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.502s	30	5.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.541s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.468s	30	5.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.745s (-17.5% 🟢)	5.390s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.645s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.800s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.208s	119	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.813s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.019s (+1.1%)	0.206s	118	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	11.134s (-0.6%)	11.755s (-1.5%)	0.621s	11	13.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.277s (-0.6%)	11.938s (~)	0.660s	11	14.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	31.620s (+281.9% 🔺)	33.851s (+247.7% 🔺)	2.231s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.201s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.201s (-0.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.0%)	1.018s (~)	0.817s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.203s (-0.6%)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.807s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.229s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.782s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.584s (-20.9% 🟢)	2.641s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.679s (+0.9%)	4.048s (-3.5%)	2.463s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.641s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.003s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.381s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.673s (+9.2% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.9%)	0.006s (+53.2% 🔺)	1.042s (+1.7%)	0.369s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.719s (-0.7%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.304s	59	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.723s (-4.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.008s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.299s	59	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.245s (-10.7% 🟢)	6.441s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.237s (-44.1% 🟢)	7.975s (+0.6%)	2.730s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.960s (-1.7%)	1.295s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.313s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.353s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.996s (+2.1%)	1.271s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.286s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.291s	47	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (-2.4%)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.804s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.230s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.792s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.606s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.067s (+22.9% 🔺)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (+23.2% 🔺)	2.165s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.764s (+0.8%)	2.212s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.462s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.816s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.137s (+1.8%)	0.000s (+3.6%)	2.173s (+2.9%)	0.357s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.362s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.036s (-1.5%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.039s (-1.5%)	0.676s	15	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.539s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.100s (-3.2%)	0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)	4.103s (-3.2%)	0.564s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.404s (-16.4% 🟢)	5.573s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.275s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.872s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	18/21
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	856	1	67	924
✅ 💻 Local Development	830	0	178	1008
✅ 📦 Local Production	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🪟 Windows	76	0	8	84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	132	60	24	216
✅ 📋 Other	210	0	42	252
Total	3764	61	675	4500

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A | 🔍 observability

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

turso (55 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNADX14H32WY5D5CJ2CADA8M
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVVFJDNRM6X12EVWJSV8G
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW1BC32ANVV4Q8D4ECZTN
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW3NPZRBFYXVTAHQCB5CK
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXC2W2SCG0JHBXK06KFJJ
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADWG9G090YSY7JQS01N5ZF
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXB43JBBDAC0R7H9954N4
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXQYZ818ND9BCMQC1A6NV
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXWFWP8HE86ZW6ZXXS82G
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXYQ1XAS5SFY8Y25NYCZR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0TSX9BEVE2TE3K8QN55W
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0YCQ9MHYK43W5W3YEPYM
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAE4DVCJGA7HBPA25N75BV7
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAE5S7D1Y8R5JRR70BXM4CB
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAE6CSNSZK568AD2W8FKQ07
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAE6N9JKR3TTQ0H9KK9V4MA
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAE6TNYJM1DW39VF128S7YC
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAE6Y4M4MJMXV7WJ2VRGQZ3
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAE7CZGEFBRCGNHRE54DZGT
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAE7K3T10S1KWGHV2NJ0GPE
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAE7RET49171P9BT30MBVBC
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAE7Z5E3PBDFP4ADJN4BGS5
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAE86ZC0DHK1BK2QFWPH010
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNAE8E8EQE2HHH8Z9X2PGQ0M
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNAE8NY2R31SYCR73JMRP3ES
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNAE91M28SWD0HC9K10WQ8A1
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNAE996QWR9JY6091FN739Z7
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9HQ1J0D1N9BHASS0VBR8
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9TST5H50RKTH96V9VYC6
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNAEA6FJK5ECGCXTBPSVVP75
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNAEAXNWSV64N9SP0ZBVG87M
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNAEB806AYWDH4W1JBDM55YF
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNAEBEG302FHKPZA4W9QV5HG

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	77	0	7
✅ example	77	0	7
✅ express	77	0	7
✅ fastify	77	0	7
❌ hono	76	1	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	82	0	2
✅ nitro	77	0	7
✅ nuxt	77	0	7
✅ sveltekit	77	0	7
✅ vite	77	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	76	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	3	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	57	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	55	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	70	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[TooTallNate]

Clean extraction from #1537. The asymmetric threshold logic is correct, the backwards-compat alias is properly deprecated, all three callers use default args so the signature change is safe, and the tests cover the boundary conditions well.

One trivial nit (non-blocking): DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD_MS is imported but unused in storage.test.ts (line 7). The tests now use hardcoded values (25h, 10min, 4min) instead of referencing the constant. You could either remove the dead import or use the new constants in the test assertions for self-documenting tests.

LGTM.

[VaguelySerious]

Summary

• Extracted from [core] [world] Lazy run creation on start #1537
• Changes ULID timestamp validation from a symmetric 5-minute threshold to asymmetric thresholds: 24 hours in the past and 5 minutes in the future
• The past threshold supports resilient start where VQS delayed messages (up to 24h) can cause run_created timestamps to lag significantly
• The future threshold stays tight to prevent abuse from client-generated ULIDs with manipulated timestamps while tolerating clock skew

Test plan

• custom runId validation tests pass in world-local (8/8 passing)
• CI checks pass

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 3, 2026 7:42pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 6fe7f08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.042s (-3.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-15.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-9.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.950s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.063s (+9.9% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.548s (-14.7% 🟢)	2.778s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.230s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-1.0%)	2.005s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.149s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.153s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.860s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.333s (+2.9%)	3.883s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.550s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.888s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.134s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.911s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.112s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.921s (~)	11.026s (~)	0.105s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.936s (-0.7%)	11.023s (-2.9%)	0.088s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	17.453s (-4.9%)	19.447s (-3.2%)	1.994s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.547s (-0.5%)	15.023s (~)	0.476s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.666s (+1.1%)	15.025s (~)	0.359s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.869s (-0.6%)	15.028s (~)	0.159s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.015s (-1.3%)	15.281s (-4.7%)	0.265s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.276s (-1.4%)	35.166s (-0.6%)	1.890s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.993s (~)	14.450s (~)	0.457s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.178s (+1.2%)	15.026s (+2.9%)	0.848s	6	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	16.490s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.541s	6	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	16.755s (-2.4%)	17.031s (-5.6% 🟢)	0.277s	6	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	53.480s (-1.8%)	56.144s (+1.3%)	2.665s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.269s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.282s (+1.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.730s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.510s (-3.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.495s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.516s (-1.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.490s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.523s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.474s (+15.1% 🔺)	1.951s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.331s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.679s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.359s (+1.4%)	3.012s (~)	0.654s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.961s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.208s (-17.4% 🟢)	0.247s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.123s (~)	3.759s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.637s	8	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.413s (+9.7% 🔺)	5.619s (+24.1% 🔺)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.454s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.556s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.502s (+0.8%)	4.011s (~)	0.509s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.370s (~)	8.771s (-2.8%)	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Express	8.371s (+2.7%)	9.021s (~)	0.650s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.363s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.338s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.975s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.265s (+0.6%)	2.009s (~)	0.744s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.266s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.536s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.469s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.453s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.483s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.162s (+15.6% 🔺)	1.679s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.348s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.661s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+1.1%)	3.012s (~)	0.664s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.907s (-6.5% 🟢)	3.454s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.547s	9	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.122s (-2.9%)	3.885s (~)	0.763s	8	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.541s (-12.8% 🟢)	4.115s (+3.0%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.486s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.526s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.488s (+0.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.524s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	8.474s (-5.9% 🟢)	9.023s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.549s	4	2.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.716s (-2.6%)	9.024s (-2.7%)	0.308s	4	2.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.123s (-15.1% 🟢)	5.054s (-1.5%)	1.931s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.823s (-3.3%)	1.024s (+1.6%)	0.201s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.870s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.138s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.966s (-3.3%)	1.076s (-24.4% 🟢)	0.110s	56	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.983s (-4.1%)	1.096s (-42.7% 🟢)	0.112s	55	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s (-1.8%)	12.179s (+2.7%)	2.112s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.990s (-1.7%)	2.469s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.479s	37	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.110s (+7.5% 🔺)	3.012s (+40.0% 🔺)	0.902s	30	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.980s (-1.1%)	3.293s (-8.7% 🟢)	0.313s	28	1.50x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.018s (-2.3%)	3.547s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.529s	26	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	33.137s (+10.2% 🔺)	34.857s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.980s (-1.9%)	4.404s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.424s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.305s (+7.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.707s	24	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	9.017s (-1.4%)	9.401s (-2.4%)	0.384s	13	2.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.211s (-2.2%)	9.864s (-1.6%)	0.653s	13	2.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	83.803s (~)	85.733s (~)	1.930s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.282s (+1.4%)	1.008s (~)	0.726s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.299s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.709s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.591s (+1.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.413s	60	2.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.602s (-11.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-3.4%)	0.403s	60	2.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.982s (-0.6%)	3.554s (-7.2% 🟢)	1.572s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.493s (-1.0%)	1.008s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.517s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.008s (~)	0.491s	90	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.507s (-1.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.502s	30	5.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.541s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.468s	30	5.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.745s (-17.5% 🟢)	5.390s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.645s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.800s (+1.1%)	1.009s (~)	0.208s	119	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.813s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.019s (+1.1%)	0.206s	118	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	11.134s (-0.6%)	11.755s (-1.5%)	0.621s	11	13.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.277s (-0.6%)	11.938s (~)	0.660s	11	14.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	31.620s (+281.9% 🔺)	33.851s (+247.7% 🔺)	2.231s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.201s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.818s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.201s (-0.9%)	1.003s (~)	0.011s (-5.0%)	1.018s (~)	0.817s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.203s (-0.6%)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.807s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.229s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.993s (~)	0.002s (+33.3% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.782s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.584s (-20.9% 🟢)	2.641s (-11.4% 🟢)	0.679s (+0.9%)	4.048s (-3.5%)	2.463s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.641s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.003s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.381s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.673s (+9.2% 🔺)	1.021s (+1.9%)	0.006s (+53.2% 🔺)	1.042s (+1.7%)	0.369s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.719s (-0.7%)	1.010s (~)	0.009s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.304s	59	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.723s (-4.9%)	1.010s (~)	0.008s (-14.7% 🟢)	1.022s (~)	0.299s	59	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.245s (-10.7% 🟢)	6.441s (-7.1% 🟢)	0.237s (-44.1% 🟢)	7.975s (+0.6%)	2.730s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.960s (-1.7%)	1.295s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.313s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.353s	46	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.996s (+2.1%)	1.271s (+9.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+10.6% 🔺)	1.286s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.291s	47	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.218s (-2.4%)	2.019s (~)	0.000s (+12.5% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.804s	30	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.230s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-27.3% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.792s	30	1.28x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.606s (+10.6% 🔺)	5.067s (+22.9% 🔺)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.771s (+23.2% 🔺)	2.165s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.764s (+0.8%)	2.212s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.225s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.462s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.816s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.137s (+1.8%)	0.000s (+3.6%)	2.173s (+2.9%)	0.357s	28	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.362s (-7.2% 🟢)	4.036s (-1.5%)	0.001s (+14.3% 🔺)	4.039s (-1.5%)	0.676s	15	1.91x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.539s (-5.2% 🟢)	4.100s (-3.2%)	0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)	4.103s (-3.2%)	0.564s	15	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.404s (-16.4% 🟢)	5.573s (-10.4% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.275s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.872s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	18/21
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	▲ Vercel	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	856	1	67	924
✅ 💻 Local Development	830	0	178	1008
✅ 📦 Local Production	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	830	0	178	1008
✅ 🪟 Windows	76	0	8	84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	132	60	24	216
✅ 📋 Other	210	0	42	252
Total	3764	61	675	4500

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

hono (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A | 🔍 observability

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

redis (2 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED

turso (55 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVMY2ADZDEFCAVK9GFP2A
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KNADX14H32WY5D5CJ2CADA8M
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KNADVVFJDNRM6X12EVWJSV8G
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW1BC32ANVV4Q8D4ECZTN
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADW3NPZRBFYXVTAHQCB5CK
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXC2W2SCG0JHBXK06KFJJ
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADWG9G090YSY7JQS01N5ZF
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KNADWVHN163V38QHQKKWK0B1
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KNADX4QB33YSPJDEND7JPJW6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXB43JBBDAC0R7H9954N4
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXQYZ818ND9BCMQC1A6NV
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXWFWP8HE86ZW6ZXXS82G
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KNADXYQ1XAS5SFY8Y25NYCZR
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0TSX9BEVE2TE3K8QN55W
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KNAE0YCQ9MHYK43W5W3YEPYM
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KNAE4DVCJGA7HBPA25N75BV7
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KNAE53PD7WR0WEGJ3YGT1EED
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KNAE5S7D1Y8R5JRR70BXM4CB
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KNAE6CSNSZK568AD2W8FKQ07
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KNAE6N9JKR3TTQ0H9KK9V4MA
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KNAE6TNYJM1DW39VF128S7YC
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KNAE6Y4M4MJMXV7WJ2VRGQZ3
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KNAE7CZGEFBRCGNHRE54DZGT
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KNAE7K3T10S1KWGHV2NJ0GPE
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KNAE7RET49171P9BT30MBVBC
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KNAE7Z5E3PBDFP4ADJN4BGS5
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KNAE86ZC0DHK1BK2QFWPH010
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KNAE8E8EQE2HHH8Z9X2PGQ0M
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KNAE8NY2R31SYCR73JMRP3ES
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KNAE91M28SWD0HC9K10WQ8A1
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KNAE996QWR9JY6091FN739Z7
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9HQ1J0D1N9BHASS0VBR8
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KNAE9TST5H50RKTH96V9VYC6
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KNAEA6FJK5ECGCXTBPSVVP75
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KNAEAXNWSV64N9SP0ZBVG87M
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KNAEB806AYWDH4W1JBDM55YF
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KNAEBEG302FHKPZA4W9QV5HG

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	77	0	7
✅ example	77	0	7
✅ express	77	0	7
✅ fastify	77	0	7
❌ hono	76	1	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	82	0	2
✅ nitro	77	0	7
✅ nuxt	77	0	7
✅ sveltekit	77	0	7
✅ vite	77	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	70	0	14
✅ express-stable	70	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	70	0	14
✅ hono-stable	70	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	59	0	25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	76	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	70	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	70	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	70	0	14
✅ vite-stable	70	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	76	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	5	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	3	8
✅ redis-dev	5	0	0
❌ redis	57	2	8
✅ turso-dev	5	0	0
❌ turso	4	55	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	70	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	70	0	14

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[TooTallNate]

Clean extraction from #1537. The asymmetric threshold logic is correct, the backwards-compat alias is properly deprecated, all three callers use default args so the signature change is safe, and the tests cover the boundary conditions well.

One trivial nit (non-blocking): DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_THRESHOLD_MS is imported but unused in storage.test.ts (line 7). The tests now use hardcoded values (25h, 10min, 4min) instead of referencing the constant. You could either remove the dead import or use the new constants in the test assertions for self-documenting tests.

LGTM.