[cli] Fix false "data expired" warning in CLI for non-expired runs

[karthikscale3]

Summary

• The CLI's hasExpiredData check only verified that expiredAt was non-null, without comparing it against the current time. Any run with a retention policy (which sets expiredAt to a future date at creation) would incorrectly trigger the "This run's data has expired" warning.
• Added a new Date(expiredAt) < new Date() comparison in both hasExpiredData and formatTableValue, matching the logic already used in the web-shared UI.
• Added tests for both functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 955f11b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
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workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.043s (+5.6% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.9%)	0.950s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.060s (+29.2% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.951s	10	1.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.193s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.490s (-40.9% 🟢)	1.298s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.123s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.127s	2.006s	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.132s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s	2.011s	0.871s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.149s (+3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.161s (+0.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.011s (-4.6%)	3.786s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.775s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.772s	11.025s	0.253s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.869s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.154s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.881s	11.022s	0.141s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.935s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.089s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.944s (+2.5%)	11.025s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.964s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.059s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.488s (-9.7% 🟢)	18.128s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.641s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.551s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.479s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.671s (+4.6%)	15.029s (+2.8%)	0.357s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.683s	15.278s	0.595s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.688s	15.030s	0.342s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.997s (~)	15.281s (-1.6%)	0.284s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.082s (+0.8%)	16.032s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.949s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.508s (-6.4% 🟢)	32.539s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.895s (~)	14.164s (~)	0.269s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.019s	14.739s	0.721s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.174s (+9.8% 🔺)	15.023s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.849s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.213s	17.032s	0.819s	6	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	16.757s (+1.2%)	17.032s (~)	0.275s	6	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	17.014s (+3.8%)	17.534s (+3.0%)	0.520s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	52.276s (-15.7% 🟢)	54.198s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.922s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.011s	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.262s (-1.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.747s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.495s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.510s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+2.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.568s	2.006s	0.438s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.995s (+3.7%)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.327s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.682s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.347s (+2.5%)	3.010s (~)	0.662s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.401s	3.010s	0.609s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.961s	3.564s	0.603s	9	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.565s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.504s	9	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.142s (+15.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.868s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.160s (+72.2% 🔺)	5.863s (+59.8% 🔺)	1.703s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.450s (+1.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.562s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.531s (+1.3%)	4.010s (~)	0.479s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.688s	4.012s	0.324s	8	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	8.282s (+4.5%)	9.024s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.743s	4	2.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.366s	8.767s	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.625s (+12.8% 🔺)	9.022s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.397s	4	2.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.906s (-21.5% 🟢)	4.319s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.413s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s	2.008s	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.256s (+4.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.752s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.271s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.736s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.469s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.561s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.445s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.589s (+2.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.417s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.835s (-19.7% 🟢)	3.648s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.349s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.662s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.350s (+2.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.660s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.422s	3.009s	0.587s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.963s	3.759s	0.797s	8	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	3.163s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.848s	8	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.885s (+21.1% 🔺)	0.722s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.180s (-19.5% 🟢)	3.654s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.474s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.477s (+2.5%)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.477s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.667s	4.013s	0.346s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.254s	8.767s	0.513s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.336s (+15.7% 🔺)	10.023s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.687s	3	2.69x
💻 Local	Express	9.407s (+5.9% 🔺)	10.027s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.621s	3	2.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.973s (+10.2% 🔺)	4.507s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.534s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.794s	1.024s	0.229s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.7%)	0.221s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.835s (+43.3% 🔺)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.188s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.005s	0.162s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.985s (~)	1.181s (+3.9%)	0.197s	51	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.026s (+1.4%)	1.942s (+29.0% 🔺)	0.916s	31	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.680s (-1.9%)	11.353s (+2.8%)	1.674s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.879s (-4.5%)	2.053s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.174s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.467s	0.435s	37	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.042s (+44.5% 🔺)	2.536s (+26.3% 🔺)	0.493s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.301s	30	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	3.021s (~)	3.649s (+4.0%)	0.628s	25	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.099s (+2.4%)	4.011s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.911s	23	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	27.749s (-8.1% 🟢)	29.768s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.019s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.828s	4.042s	0.214s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.852s (-3.8%)	4.042s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.191s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.043s (+38.1% 🔺)	4.456s (+38.4% 🔺)	0.412s	27	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.715s	9.232s	0.518s	14	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	9.233s (~)	9.864s (-1.5%)	0.631s	13	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.394s (+5.0% 🔺)	10.020s (+4.9%)	0.625s	12	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	75.013s (-0.8%)	76.630s (-0.7%)	1.618s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.258s	1.007s	0.750s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+30.5% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.283s (-2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.724s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s	1.004s	0.441s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.583s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.422s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.608s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.779s (+29.8% 🔺)	3.171s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.392s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.484s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.523s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.490s (+37.9% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.516s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.007s	0.514s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+4.5%)	3.009s (~)	0.492s	30	5.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s	3.009s	0.411s	30	5.37x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.182s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.439s	29	5.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.589s (-4.4%)	4.201s (-2.0%)	1.612s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.777s (-1.8%)	1.007s (-0.9%)	0.230s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.797s	1.007s	0.210s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.817s (+43.9% 🔺)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.200s	118	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.674s	11.209s	0.535s	11	13.74x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.108s (+7.4% 🔺)	11.759s (+6.6% 🔺)	0.651s	11	14.30x
💻 Local	Express	11.283s (~)	11.940s (+0.8%)	0.658s	11	14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.955s (-26.1% 🟢)	7.708s (-20.2% 🟢)	1.753s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.187s	1.003s	0.013s	1.019s	0.832s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.813s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.200s (-1.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.819s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.202s (+27.7% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.001s (-43.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (-2.1%)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.808s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.014s (+34.7% 🔺)	1.020s (~)	0.811s	10	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.326s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.171s (-29.5% 🟢)	1.467s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.079s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-4.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (-2.6%)	1.021s (~)	0.430s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.613s (+23.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.004s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.409s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.637s	1.009s	0.004s	1.023s	0.386s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.649s	1.011s	0.009s	1.023s	0.373s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.728s (-2.8%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-1.4%)	1.023s (~)	0.295s	59	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.731s (-1.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.293s	59	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.914s (-0.5%)	5.533s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.247s (-22.3% 🟢)	6.298s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.384s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.931s (+3.2%)	1.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.000s (+111.3% 🔺)	1.140s (+3.9%)	0.209s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.949s	1.176s	0.000s	1.187s	0.238s	51	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.960s (~)	1.125s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.000s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.140s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.180s	53	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.234s (+1.6%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.790s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-2.7%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.782s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.262s	2.020s	0.000s	2.022s	0.761s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.464s (+25.9% 🔺)	4.788s (+23.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-37.5% 🟢)	5.253s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.789s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.797s (+11.1% 🔺)	2.143s (+3.6%)	0.000s (+55.4% 🔺)	2.153s (+3.6%)	0.356s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.806s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.175s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.188s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.381s	28	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s	2.071s	0.000s	2.078s	0.246s	29	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.563s	4.031s	0.000s	4.035s	0.472s	15	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.594s (-1.2%)	3.969s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+275.0% 🔺)	3.971s (-3.2%)	0.378s	16	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.624s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.168s (+3.3%)	0.001s (+157.1% 🔺)	4.172s (+3.3%)	0.548s	15	2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.024s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.267s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.002s (+566.7% 🔺)	5.786s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.762s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	9/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3978	74	679	4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7AC7MYNERT995B6BBBG3RA
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP742F887XPMQS0MN00AXJ8N
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP742K9VGT28CAHBW7FGY6QY
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP742N2JBMHXST1XWS5WD7CP
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ACJ2N9NXNG7E6J77GDDF9
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7431HHSYWY82GFX9NE1M6J
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP743SYZF9EG0YPK52F2G12Y
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7445M8BAX8KEYZGK25RZAA
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7448KZRASQZSJP6C24541M
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP744A5AH91JN703GZAMJ0BE
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP747D9ME5BNPMFHB1T7PVKE
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP74AGVP1MARKBVKNPBGJBAW
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP74BPPQZS2NKNVVKXSE92RH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP74C8FGDDAQQSRBJ244QFYQ
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP74CGABR7199XXR055C63V3
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP74CN2686JE7BY9YKVJPPWM
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP74CPY88HWZ0R1WB1EW3F4N
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP74D0YNYPQET6T5G0PDS645
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP74DEDWT7A6ZHH8MBFSPV1K
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP74DK6D3QFWM9T1XPWM0GYJ
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP74DSB1CZ5ATBMKD3CFM9PG
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP74DZ13YQQ4M9FDYJSTNHXB
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP74E4VTZSKZSER35S0XBJV4
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP74EANKFJD4ZMVSD64WDMHX
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74EGHB4KSWT65G91RRXTXQ
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP74ETH2Y01N57569AJT6M9M
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP74F2FDBMJ2Z77PYJB8NY6S
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74F88W95GQBTA0VBV34N34
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74FGMGQRE65JMN3XB7AP49
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP74FVFGEPW9H155JX126DMM
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP74GFDNE5FVEM7WS26J7Q91
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP74GT7GZTMMH9H8VPE3W80N
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP74H017ATBP6HMNTNJE20NG
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP74H1SFC3XMXHARW2BTFJN9
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74H6DPMYGSJHX8B25QA7ZY

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

Summary

• The CLI's hasExpiredData check only verified that expiredAt was non-null, without comparing it against the current time. Any run with a retention policy (which sets expiredAt to a future date at creation) would incorrectly trigger the "This run's data has expired" warning.
• Added a new Date(expiredAt) < new Date() comparison in both hasExpiredData and formatTableValue, matching the logic already used in the web-shared UI.
• Added tests for both functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 955f11b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.043s (+5.6% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.9%)	0.950s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.060s (+29.2% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.951s	10	1.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.193s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.490s (-40.9% 🟢)	1.298s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.123s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.127s	2.006s	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.132s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s	2.011s	0.871s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.149s (+3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.161s (+0.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.011s (-4.6%)	3.786s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.775s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.772s	11.025s	0.253s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.869s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.154s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.881s	11.022s	0.141s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.935s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.089s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.944s (+2.5%)	11.025s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.964s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.059s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.488s (-9.7% 🟢)	18.128s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.641s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.551s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.479s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.671s (+4.6%)	15.029s (+2.8%)	0.357s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.683s	15.278s	0.595s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.688s	15.030s	0.342s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.997s (~)	15.281s (-1.6%)	0.284s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.082s (+0.8%)	16.032s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.949s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.508s (-6.4% 🟢)	32.539s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.895s (~)	14.164s (~)	0.269s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.019s	14.739s	0.721s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.174s (+9.8% 🔺)	15.023s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.849s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.213s	17.032s	0.819s	6	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	16.757s (+1.2%)	17.032s (~)	0.275s	6	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	17.014s (+3.8%)	17.534s (+3.0%)	0.520s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	52.276s (-15.7% 🟢)	54.198s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.922s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.011s	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.262s (-1.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.747s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.495s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.510s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+2.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.568s	2.006s	0.438s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.995s (+3.7%)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.327s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.682s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.347s (+2.5%)	3.010s (~)	0.662s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.401s	3.010s	0.609s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.961s	3.564s	0.603s	9	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.565s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.504s	9	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.142s (+15.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.868s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.160s (+72.2% 🔺)	5.863s (+59.8% 🔺)	1.703s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.450s (+1.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.562s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.531s (+1.3%)	4.010s (~)	0.479s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.688s	4.012s	0.324s	8	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	8.282s (+4.5%)	9.024s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.743s	4	2.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.366s	8.767s	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.625s (+12.8% 🔺)	9.022s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.397s	4	2.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.906s (-21.5% 🟢)	4.319s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.413s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s	2.008s	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.256s (+4.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.752s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.271s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.736s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.469s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.561s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.445s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.589s (+2.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.417s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.835s (-19.7% 🟢)	3.648s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.349s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.662s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.350s (+2.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.660s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.422s	3.009s	0.587s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.963s	3.759s	0.797s	8	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	3.163s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.848s	8	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.885s (+21.1% 🔺)	0.722s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.180s (-19.5% 🟢)	3.654s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.474s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.477s (+2.5%)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.477s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.667s	4.013s	0.346s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.254s	8.767s	0.513s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.336s (+15.7% 🔺)	10.023s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.687s	3	2.69x
💻 Local	Express	9.407s (+5.9% 🔺)	10.027s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.621s	3	2.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.973s (+10.2% 🔺)	4.507s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.534s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.794s	1.024s	0.229s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.7%)	0.221s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.835s (+43.3% 🔺)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.188s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.005s	0.162s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.985s (~)	1.181s (+3.9%)	0.197s	51	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.026s (+1.4%)	1.942s (+29.0% 🔺)	0.916s	31	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.680s (-1.9%)	11.353s (+2.8%)	1.674s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.879s (-4.5%)	2.053s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.174s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.467s	0.435s	37	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.042s (+44.5% 🔺)	2.536s (+26.3% 🔺)	0.493s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.301s	30	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	3.021s (~)	3.649s (+4.0%)	0.628s	25	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.099s (+2.4%)	4.011s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.911s	23	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	27.749s (-8.1% 🟢)	29.768s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.019s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.828s	4.042s	0.214s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.852s (-3.8%)	4.042s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.191s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.043s (+38.1% 🔺)	4.456s (+38.4% 🔺)	0.412s	27	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.715s	9.232s	0.518s	14	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	9.233s (~)	9.864s (-1.5%)	0.631s	13	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.394s (+5.0% 🔺)	10.020s (+4.9%)	0.625s	12	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	75.013s (-0.8%)	76.630s (-0.7%)	1.618s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.258s	1.007s	0.750s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+30.5% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.283s (-2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.724s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s	1.004s	0.441s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.583s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.422s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.608s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.779s (+29.8% 🔺)	3.171s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.392s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.484s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.523s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.490s (+37.9% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.516s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.007s	0.514s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+4.5%)	3.009s (~)	0.492s	30	5.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s	3.009s	0.411s	30	5.37x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.182s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.439s	29	5.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.589s (-4.4%)	4.201s (-2.0%)	1.612s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.777s (-1.8%)	1.007s (-0.9%)	0.230s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.797s	1.007s	0.210s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.817s (+43.9% 🔺)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.200s	118	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.674s	11.209s	0.535s	11	13.74x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.108s (+7.4% 🔺)	11.759s (+6.6% 🔺)	0.651s	11	14.30x
💻 Local	Express	11.283s (~)	11.940s (+0.8%)	0.658s	11	14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.955s (-26.1% 🟢)	7.708s (-20.2% 🟢)	1.753s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.187s	1.003s	0.013s	1.019s	0.832s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.813s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.200s (-1.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.819s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.202s (+27.7% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.001s (-43.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (-2.1%)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.808s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.014s (+34.7% 🔺)	1.020s (~)	0.811s	10	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.326s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.171s (-29.5% 🟢)	1.467s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.079s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-4.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (-2.6%)	1.021s (~)	0.430s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.613s (+23.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.004s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.409s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.637s	1.009s	0.004s	1.023s	0.386s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.649s	1.011s	0.009s	1.023s	0.373s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.728s (-2.8%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-1.4%)	1.023s (~)	0.295s	59	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.731s (-1.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.293s	59	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.914s (-0.5%)	5.533s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.247s (-22.3% 🟢)	6.298s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.384s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.931s (+3.2%)	1.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.000s (+111.3% 🔺)	1.140s (+3.9%)	0.209s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.949s	1.176s	0.000s	1.187s	0.238s	51	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.960s (~)	1.125s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.000s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.140s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.180s	53	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.234s (+1.6%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.790s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-2.7%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.782s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.262s	2.020s	0.000s	2.022s	0.761s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.464s (+25.9% 🔺)	4.788s (+23.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-37.5% 🟢)	5.253s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.789s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.797s (+11.1% 🔺)	2.143s (+3.6%)	0.000s (+55.4% 🔺)	2.153s (+3.6%)	0.356s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.806s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.175s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.188s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.381s	28	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s	2.071s	0.000s	2.078s	0.246s	29	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.563s	4.031s	0.000s	4.035s	0.472s	15	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.594s (-1.2%)	3.969s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+275.0% 🔺)	3.971s (-3.2%)	0.378s	16	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.624s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.168s (+3.3%)	0.001s (+157.1% 🔺)	4.172s (+3.3%)	0.548s	15	2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.024s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.267s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.002s (+566.7% 🔺)	5.786s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.762s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	9/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3978	74	679	4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7AC7MYNERT995B6BBBG3RA
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP742F887XPMQS0MN00AXJ8N
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP742K9VGT28CAHBW7FGY6QY
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP742N2JBMHXST1XWS5WD7CP
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ACJ2N9NXNG7E6J77GDDF9
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7431HHSYWY82GFX9NE1M6J
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP743SYZF9EG0YPK52F2G12Y
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7445M8BAX8KEYZGK25RZAA
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7448KZRASQZSJP6C24541M
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP744A5AH91JN703GZAMJ0BE
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP747D9ME5BNPMFHB1T7PVKE
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP74AGVP1MARKBVKNPBGJBAW
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP74BPPQZS2NKNVVKXSE92RH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP74C8FGDDAQQSRBJ244QFYQ
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP74CGABR7199XXR055C63V3
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP74CN2686JE7BY9YKVJPPWM
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP74CPY88HWZ0R1WB1EW3F4N
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP74D0YNYPQET6T5G0PDS645
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP74DEDWT7A6ZHH8MBFSPV1K
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP74DK6D3QFWM9T1XPWM0GYJ
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP74DSB1CZ5ATBMKD3CFM9PG
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP74DZ13YQQ4M9FDYJSTNHXB
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP74E4VTZSKZSER35S0XBJV4
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP74EANKFJD4ZMVSD64WDMHX
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74EGHB4KSWT65G91RRXTXQ
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP74ETH2Y01N57569AJT6M9M
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP74F2FDBMJ2Z77PYJB8NY6S
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74F88W95GQBTA0VBV34N34
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74FGMGQRE65JMN3XB7AP49
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP74FVFGEPW9H155JX126DMM
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP74GFDNE5FVEM7WS26J7Q91
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP74GT7GZTMMH9H8VPE3W80N
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP74H017ATBP6HMNTNJE20NG
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP74H1SFC3XMXHARW2BTFJN9
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74H6DPMYGSJHX8B25QA7ZY

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

Summary

• The CLI's hasExpiredData check only verified that expiredAt was non-null, without comparing it against the current time. Any run with a retention policy (which sets expiredAt to a future date at creation) would incorrectly trigger the "This run's data has expired" warning.
• Added a new Date(expiredAt) < new Date() comparison in both hasExpiredData and formatTableValue, matching the logic already used in the web-shared UI.
• Added tests for both functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 955f11b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.043s (+5.6% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.9%)	0.950s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.060s (+29.2% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.951s	10	1.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.193s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.490s (-40.9% 🟢)	1.298s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.123s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.127s	2.006s	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.132s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s	2.011s	0.871s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.149s (+3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.161s (+0.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.011s (-4.6%)	3.786s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.775s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.772s	11.025s	0.253s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.869s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.154s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.881s	11.022s	0.141s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.935s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.089s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.944s (+2.5%)	11.025s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.964s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.059s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.488s (-9.7% 🟢)	18.128s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.641s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.551s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.479s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.671s (+4.6%)	15.029s (+2.8%)	0.357s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.683s	15.278s	0.595s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.688s	15.030s	0.342s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.997s (~)	15.281s (-1.6%)	0.284s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.082s (+0.8%)	16.032s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.949s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.508s (-6.4% 🟢)	32.539s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.895s (~)	14.164s (~)	0.269s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.019s	14.739s	0.721s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.174s (+9.8% 🔺)	15.023s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.849s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.213s	17.032s	0.819s	6	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	16.757s (+1.2%)	17.032s (~)	0.275s	6	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	17.014s (+3.8%)	17.534s (+3.0%)	0.520s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	52.276s (-15.7% 🟢)	54.198s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.922s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.011s	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.262s (-1.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.747s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.495s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.510s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+2.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.568s	2.006s	0.438s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.995s (+3.7%)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.327s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.682s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.347s (+2.5%)	3.010s (~)	0.662s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.401s	3.010s	0.609s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.961s	3.564s	0.603s	9	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.565s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.504s	9	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.142s (+15.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.868s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.160s (+72.2% 🔺)	5.863s (+59.8% 🔺)	1.703s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.450s (+1.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.562s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.531s (+1.3%)	4.010s (~)	0.479s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.688s	4.012s	0.324s	8	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	8.282s (+4.5%)	9.024s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.743s	4	2.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.366s	8.767s	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.625s (+12.8% 🔺)	9.022s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.397s	4	2.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.906s (-21.5% 🟢)	4.319s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.413s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s	2.008s	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.256s (+4.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.752s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.271s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.736s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.469s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.561s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.445s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.589s (+2.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.417s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.835s (-19.7% 🟢)	3.648s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.349s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.662s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.350s (+2.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.660s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.422s	3.009s	0.587s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.963s	3.759s	0.797s	8	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	3.163s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.848s	8	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.885s (+21.1% 🔺)	0.722s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.180s (-19.5% 🟢)	3.654s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.474s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.477s (+2.5%)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.477s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.667s	4.013s	0.346s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.254s	8.767s	0.513s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.336s (+15.7% 🔺)	10.023s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.687s	3	2.69x
💻 Local	Express	9.407s (+5.9% 🔺)	10.027s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.621s	3	2.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.973s (+10.2% 🔺)	4.507s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.534s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.794s	1.024s	0.229s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.7%)	0.221s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.835s (+43.3% 🔺)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.188s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.005s	0.162s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.985s (~)	1.181s (+3.9%)	0.197s	51	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.026s (+1.4%)	1.942s (+29.0% 🔺)	0.916s	31	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.680s (-1.9%)	11.353s (+2.8%)	1.674s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.879s (-4.5%)	2.053s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.174s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.467s	0.435s	37	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.042s (+44.5% 🔺)	2.536s (+26.3% 🔺)	0.493s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.301s	30	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	3.021s (~)	3.649s (+4.0%)	0.628s	25	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.099s (+2.4%)	4.011s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.911s	23	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	27.749s (-8.1% 🟢)	29.768s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.019s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.828s	4.042s	0.214s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.852s (-3.8%)	4.042s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.191s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.043s (+38.1% 🔺)	4.456s (+38.4% 🔺)	0.412s	27	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.715s	9.232s	0.518s	14	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	9.233s (~)	9.864s (-1.5%)	0.631s	13	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.394s (+5.0% 🔺)	10.020s (+4.9%)	0.625s	12	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	75.013s (-0.8%)	76.630s (-0.7%)	1.618s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.258s	1.007s	0.750s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+30.5% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.283s (-2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.724s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s	1.004s	0.441s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.583s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.422s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.608s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.779s (+29.8% 🔺)	3.171s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.392s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.484s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.523s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.490s (+37.9% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.516s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.007s	0.514s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+4.5%)	3.009s (~)	0.492s	30	5.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s	3.009s	0.411s	30	5.37x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.182s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.439s	29	5.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.589s (-4.4%)	4.201s (-2.0%)	1.612s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.777s (-1.8%)	1.007s (-0.9%)	0.230s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.797s	1.007s	0.210s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.817s (+43.9% 🔺)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.200s	118	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.674s	11.209s	0.535s	11	13.74x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.108s (+7.4% 🔺)	11.759s (+6.6% 🔺)	0.651s	11	14.30x
💻 Local	Express	11.283s (~)	11.940s (+0.8%)	0.658s	11	14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.955s (-26.1% 🟢)	7.708s (-20.2% 🟢)	1.753s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.187s	1.003s	0.013s	1.019s	0.832s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.813s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.200s (-1.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.819s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.202s (+27.7% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.001s (-43.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (-2.1%)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.808s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.014s (+34.7% 🔺)	1.020s (~)	0.811s	10	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.326s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.171s (-29.5% 🟢)	1.467s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.079s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-4.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (-2.6%)	1.021s (~)	0.430s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.613s (+23.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.004s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.409s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.637s	1.009s	0.004s	1.023s	0.386s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.649s	1.011s	0.009s	1.023s	0.373s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.728s (-2.8%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-1.4%)	1.023s (~)	0.295s	59	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.731s (-1.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.293s	59	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.914s (-0.5%)	5.533s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.247s (-22.3% 🟢)	6.298s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.384s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.931s (+3.2%)	1.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.000s (+111.3% 🔺)	1.140s (+3.9%)	0.209s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.949s	1.176s	0.000s	1.187s	0.238s	51	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.960s (~)	1.125s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.000s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.140s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.180s	53	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.234s (+1.6%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.790s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-2.7%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.782s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.262s	2.020s	0.000s	2.022s	0.761s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.464s (+25.9% 🔺)	4.788s (+23.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-37.5% 🟢)	5.253s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.789s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.797s (+11.1% 🔺)	2.143s (+3.6%)	0.000s (+55.4% 🔺)	2.153s (+3.6%)	0.356s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.806s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.175s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.188s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.381s	28	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s	2.071s	0.000s	2.078s	0.246s	29	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.563s	4.031s	0.000s	4.035s	0.472s	15	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.594s (-1.2%)	3.969s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+275.0% 🔺)	3.971s (-3.2%)	0.378s	16	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.624s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.168s (+3.3%)	0.001s (+157.1% 🔺)	4.172s (+3.3%)	0.548s	15	2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.024s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.267s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.002s (+566.7% 🔺)	5.786s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.762s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	9/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3978	74	679	4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7AC7MYNERT995B6BBBG3RA
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP742F887XPMQS0MN00AXJ8N
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP742K9VGT28CAHBW7FGY6QY
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP742N2JBMHXST1XWS5WD7CP
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ACJ2N9NXNG7E6J77GDDF9
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7431HHSYWY82GFX9NE1M6J
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP743SYZF9EG0YPK52F2G12Y
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7445M8BAX8KEYZGK25RZAA
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7448KZRASQZSJP6C24541M
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP744A5AH91JN703GZAMJ0BE
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP747D9ME5BNPMFHB1T7PVKE
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP74AGVP1MARKBVKNPBGJBAW
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP74BPPQZS2NKNVVKXSE92RH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP74C8FGDDAQQSRBJ244QFYQ
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP74CGABR7199XXR055C63V3
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP74CN2686JE7BY9YKVJPPWM
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP74CPY88HWZ0R1WB1EW3F4N
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP74D0YNYPQET6T5G0PDS645
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP74DEDWT7A6ZHH8MBFSPV1K
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP74DK6D3QFWM9T1XPWM0GYJ
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP74DSB1CZ5ATBMKD3CFM9PG
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP74DZ13YQQ4M9FDYJSTNHXB
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP74E4VTZSKZSER35S0XBJV4
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP74EANKFJD4ZMVSD64WDMHX
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74EGHB4KSWT65G91RRXTXQ
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP74ETH2Y01N57569AJT6M9M
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP74F2FDBMJ2Z77PYJB8NY6S
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74F88W95GQBTA0VBV34N34
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74FGMGQRE65JMN3XB7AP49
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP74FVFGEPW9H155JX126DMM
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP74GFDNE5FVEM7WS26J7Q91
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP74GT7GZTMMH9H8VPE3W80N
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP74H017ATBP6HMNTNJE20NG
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP74H1SFC3XMXHARW2BTFJN9
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74H6DPMYGSJHX8B25QA7ZY

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

Summary

• The CLI's hasExpiredData check only verified that expiredAt was non-null, without comparing it against the current time. Any run with a retention policy (which sets expiredAt to a future date at creation) would incorrectly trigger the "This run's data has expired" warning.
• Added a new Date(expiredAt) < new Date() comparison in both hasExpiredData and formatTableValue, matching the logic already used in the web-shared UI.
• Added tests for both functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 955f11b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.043s (+5.6% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.9%)	0.950s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.060s (+29.2% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.951s	10	1.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.193s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.490s (-40.9% 🟢)	1.298s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.123s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.127s	2.006s	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.132s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s	2.011s	0.871s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.149s (+3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.161s (+0.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.011s (-4.6%)	3.786s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.775s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.772s	11.025s	0.253s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.869s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.154s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.881s	11.022s	0.141s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.935s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.089s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.944s (+2.5%)	11.025s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.964s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.059s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.488s (-9.7% 🟢)	18.128s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.641s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.551s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.479s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.671s (+4.6%)	15.029s (+2.8%)	0.357s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.683s	15.278s	0.595s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.688s	15.030s	0.342s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.997s (~)	15.281s (-1.6%)	0.284s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.082s (+0.8%)	16.032s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.949s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.508s (-6.4% 🟢)	32.539s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.895s (~)	14.164s (~)	0.269s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.019s	14.739s	0.721s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.174s (+9.8% 🔺)	15.023s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.849s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.213s	17.032s	0.819s	6	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	16.757s (+1.2%)	17.032s (~)	0.275s	6	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	17.014s (+3.8%)	17.534s (+3.0%)	0.520s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	52.276s (-15.7% 🟢)	54.198s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.922s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.011s	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.262s (-1.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.747s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.495s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.510s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+2.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.568s	2.006s	0.438s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.995s (+3.7%)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.327s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.682s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.347s (+2.5%)	3.010s (~)	0.662s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.401s	3.010s	0.609s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.961s	3.564s	0.603s	9	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.565s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.504s	9	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.142s (+15.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.868s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.160s (+72.2% 🔺)	5.863s (+59.8% 🔺)	1.703s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.450s (+1.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.562s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.531s (+1.3%)	4.010s (~)	0.479s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.688s	4.012s	0.324s	8	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	8.282s (+4.5%)	9.024s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.743s	4	2.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.366s	8.767s	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.625s (+12.8% 🔺)	9.022s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.397s	4	2.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.906s (-21.5% 🟢)	4.319s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.413s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s	2.008s	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.256s (+4.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.752s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.271s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.736s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.469s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.561s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.445s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.589s (+2.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.417s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.835s (-19.7% 🟢)	3.648s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.349s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.662s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.350s (+2.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.660s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.422s	3.009s	0.587s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.963s	3.759s	0.797s	8	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	3.163s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.848s	8	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.885s (+21.1% 🔺)	0.722s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.180s (-19.5% 🟢)	3.654s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.474s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.477s (+2.5%)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.477s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.667s	4.013s	0.346s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.254s	8.767s	0.513s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.336s (+15.7% 🔺)	10.023s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.687s	3	2.69x
💻 Local	Express	9.407s (+5.9% 🔺)	10.027s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.621s	3	2.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.973s (+10.2% 🔺)	4.507s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.534s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.794s	1.024s	0.229s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.7%)	0.221s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.835s (+43.3% 🔺)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.188s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.005s	0.162s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.985s (~)	1.181s (+3.9%)	0.197s	51	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.026s (+1.4%)	1.942s (+29.0% 🔺)	0.916s	31	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.680s (-1.9%)	11.353s (+2.8%)	1.674s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.879s (-4.5%)	2.053s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.174s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.467s	0.435s	37	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.042s (+44.5% 🔺)	2.536s (+26.3% 🔺)	0.493s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.301s	30	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	3.021s (~)	3.649s (+4.0%)	0.628s	25	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.099s (+2.4%)	4.011s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.911s	23	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	27.749s (-8.1% 🟢)	29.768s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.019s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.828s	4.042s	0.214s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.852s (-3.8%)	4.042s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.191s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.043s (+38.1% 🔺)	4.456s (+38.4% 🔺)	0.412s	27	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.715s	9.232s	0.518s	14	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	9.233s (~)	9.864s (-1.5%)	0.631s	13	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.394s (+5.0% 🔺)	10.020s (+4.9%)	0.625s	12	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	75.013s (-0.8%)	76.630s (-0.7%)	1.618s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.258s	1.007s	0.750s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+30.5% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.283s (-2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.724s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s	1.004s	0.441s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.583s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.422s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.608s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.779s (+29.8% 🔺)	3.171s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.392s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.484s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.523s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.490s (+37.9% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.516s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.007s	0.514s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+4.5%)	3.009s (~)	0.492s	30	5.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s	3.009s	0.411s	30	5.37x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.182s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.439s	29	5.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.589s (-4.4%)	4.201s (-2.0%)	1.612s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.777s (-1.8%)	1.007s (-0.9%)	0.230s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.797s	1.007s	0.210s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.817s (+43.9% 🔺)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.200s	118	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.674s	11.209s	0.535s	11	13.74x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.108s (+7.4% 🔺)	11.759s (+6.6% 🔺)	0.651s	11	14.30x
💻 Local	Express	11.283s (~)	11.940s (+0.8%)	0.658s	11	14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.955s (-26.1% 🟢)	7.708s (-20.2% 🟢)	1.753s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.187s	1.003s	0.013s	1.019s	0.832s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.813s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.200s (-1.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.819s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.202s (+27.7% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.001s (-43.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (-2.1%)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.808s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.014s (+34.7% 🔺)	1.020s (~)	0.811s	10	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.326s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.171s (-29.5% 🟢)	1.467s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.079s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-4.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (-2.6%)	1.021s (~)	0.430s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.613s (+23.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.004s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.409s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.637s	1.009s	0.004s	1.023s	0.386s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.649s	1.011s	0.009s	1.023s	0.373s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.728s (-2.8%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-1.4%)	1.023s (~)	0.295s	59	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.731s (-1.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.293s	59	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.914s (-0.5%)	5.533s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.247s (-22.3% 🟢)	6.298s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.384s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.931s (+3.2%)	1.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.000s (+111.3% 🔺)	1.140s (+3.9%)	0.209s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.949s	1.176s	0.000s	1.187s	0.238s	51	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.960s (~)	1.125s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.000s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.140s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.180s	53	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.234s (+1.6%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.790s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-2.7%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.782s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.262s	2.020s	0.000s	2.022s	0.761s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.464s (+25.9% 🔺)	4.788s (+23.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-37.5% 🟢)	5.253s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.789s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.797s (+11.1% 🔺)	2.143s (+3.6%)	0.000s (+55.4% 🔺)	2.153s (+3.6%)	0.356s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.806s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.175s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.188s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.381s	28	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s	2.071s	0.000s	2.078s	0.246s	29	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.563s	4.031s	0.000s	4.035s	0.472s	15	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.594s (-1.2%)	3.969s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+275.0% 🔺)	3.971s (-3.2%)	0.378s	16	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.624s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.168s (+3.3%)	0.001s (+157.1% 🔺)	4.172s (+3.3%)	0.548s	15	2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.024s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.267s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.002s (+566.7% 🔺)	5.786s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.762s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	9/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3978	74	679	4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7AC7MYNERT995B6BBBG3RA
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP742F887XPMQS0MN00AXJ8N
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP742K9VGT28CAHBW7FGY6QY
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP742N2JBMHXST1XWS5WD7CP
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ACJ2N9NXNG7E6J77GDDF9
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7431HHSYWY82GFX9NE1M6J
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP743SYZF9EG0YPK52F2G12Y
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7445M8BAX8KEYZGK25RZAA
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7448KZRASQZSJP6C24541M
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP744A5AH91JN703GZAMJ0BE
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP747D9ME5BNPMFHB1T7PVKE
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP74AGVP1MARKBVKNPBGJBAW
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP74BPPQZS2NKNVVKXSE92RH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP74C8FGDDAQQSRBJ244QFYQ
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP74CGABR7199XXR055C63V3
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP74CN2686JE7BY9YKVJPPWM
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP74CPY88HWZ0R1WB1EW3F4N
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP74D0YNYPQET6T5G0PDS645
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP74DEDWT7A6ZHH8MBFSPV1K
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP74DK6D3QFWM9T1XPWM0GYJ
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP74DSB1CZ5ATBMKD3CFM9PG
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP74DZ13YQQ4M9FDYJSTNHXB
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP74E4VTZSKZSER35S0XBJV4
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP74EANKFJD4ZMVSD64WDMHX
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74EGHB4KSWT65G91RRXTXQ
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP74ETH2Y01N57569AJT6M9M
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP74F2FDBMJ2Z77PYJB8NY6S
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74F88W95GQBTA0VBV34N34
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74FGMGQRE65JMN3XB7AP49
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP74FVFGEPW9H155JX126DMM
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP74GFDNE5FVEM7WS26J7Q91
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP74GT7GZTMMH9H8VPE3W80N
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP74H017ATBP6HMNTNJE20NG
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP74H1SFC3XMXHARW2BTFJN9
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74H6DPMYGSJHX8B25QA7ZY

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

Summary

• The CLI's hasExpiredData check only verified that expiredAt was non-null, without comparing it against the current time. Any run with a retention policy (which sets expiredAt to a future date at creation) would incorrectly trigger the "This run's data has expired" warning.
• Added a new Date(expiredAt) < new Date() comparison in both hasExpiredData and formatTableValue, matching the logic already used in the web-shared UI.
• Added tests for both functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 955f11b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.043s (+5.6% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.9%)	0.950s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.060s (+29.2% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.951s	10	1.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.193s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.490s (-40.9% 🟢)	1.298s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.123s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.127s	2.006s	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.132s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s	2.011s	0.871s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.149s (+3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.161s (+0.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.011s (-4.6%)	3.786s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.775s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.772s	11.025s	0.253s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.869s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.154s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.881s	11.022s	0.141s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.935s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.089s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.944s (+2.5%)	11.025s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.964s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.059s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.488s (-9.7% 🟢)	18.128s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.641s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.551s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.479s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.671s (+4.6%)	15.029s (+2.8%)	0.357s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.683s	15.278s	0.595s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.688s	15.030s	0.342s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.997s (~)	15.281s (-1.6%)	0.284s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.082s (+0.8%)	16.032s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.949s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.508s (-6.4% 🟢)	32.539s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.895s (~)	14.164s (~)	0.269s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.019s	14.739s	0.721s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.174s (+9.8% 🔺)	15.023s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.849s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.213s	17.032s	0.819s	6	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	16.757s (+1.2%)	17.032s (~)	0.275s	6	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	17.014s (+3.8%)	17.534s (+3.0%)	0.520s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	52.276s (-15.7% 🟢)	54.198s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.922s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.011s	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.262s (-1.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.747s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.495s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.510s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+2.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.568s	2.006s	0.438s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.995s (+3.7%)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.327s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.682s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.347s (+2.5%)	3.010s (~)	0.662s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.401s	3.010s	0.609s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.961s	3.564s	0.603s	9	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.565s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.504s	9	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.142s (+15.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.868s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.160s (+72.2% 🔺)	5.863s (+59.8% 🔺)	1.703s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.450s (+1.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.562s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.531s (+1.3%)	4.010s (~)	0.479s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.688s	4.012s	0.324s	8	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	8.282s (+4.5%)	9.024s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.743s	4	2.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.366s	8.767s	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.625s (+12.8% 🔺)	9.022s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.397s	4	2.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.906s (-21.5% 🟢)	4.319s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.413s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s	2.008s	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.256s (+4.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.752s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.271s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.736s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.469s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.561s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.445s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.589s (+2.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.417s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.835s (-19.7% 🟢)	3.648s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.349s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.662s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.350s (+2.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.660s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.422s	3.009s	0.587s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.963s	3.759s	0.797s	8	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	3.163s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.848s	8	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.885s (+21.1% 🔺)	0.722s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.180s (-19.5% 🟢)	3.654s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.474s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.477s (+2.5%)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.477s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.667s	4.013s	0.346s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.254s	8.767s	0.513s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.336s (+15.7% 🔺)	10.023s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.687s	3	2.69x
💻 Local	Express	9.407s (+5.9% 🔺)	10.027s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.621s	3	2.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.973s (+10.2% 🔺)	4.507s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.534s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.794s	1.024s	0.229s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.7%)	0.221s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.835s (+43.3% 🔺)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.188s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.005s	0.162s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.985s (~)	1.181s (+3.9%)	0.197s	51	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.026s (+1.4%)	1.942s (+29.0% 🔺)	0.916s	31	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.680s (-1.9%)	11.353s (+2.8%)	1.674s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.879s (-4.5%)	2.053s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.174s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.467s	0.435s	37	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.042s (+44.5% 🔺)	2.536s (+26.3% 🔺)	0.493s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.301s	30	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	3.021s (~)	3.649s (+4.0%)	0.628s	25	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.099s (+2.4%)	4.011s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.911s	23	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	27.749s (-8.1% 🟢)	29.768s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.019s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.828s	4.042s	0.214s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.852s (-3.8%)	4.042s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.191s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.043s (+38.1% 🔺)	4.456s (+38.4% 🔺)	0.412s	27	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.715s	9.232s	0.518s	14	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	9.233s (~)	9.864s (-1.5%)	0.631s	13	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.394s (+5.0% 🔺)	10.020s (+4.9%)	0.625s	12	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	75.013s (-0.8%)	76.630s (-0.7%)	1.618s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.258s	1.007s	0.750s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+30.5% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.283s (-2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.724s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s	1.004s	0.441s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.583s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.422s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.608s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.779s (+29.8% 🔺)	3.171s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.392s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.484s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.523s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.490s (+37.9% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.516s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.007s	0.514s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+4.5%)	3.009s (~)	0.492s	30	5.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s	3.009s	0.411s	30	5.37x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.182s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.439s	29	5.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.589s (-4.4%)	4.201s (-2.0%)	1.612s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.777s (-1.8%)	1.007s (-0.9%)	0.230s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.797s	1.007s	0.210s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.817s (+43.9% 🔺)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.200s	118	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.674s	11.209s	0.535s	11	13.74x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.108s (+7.4% 🔺)	11.759s (+6.6% 🔺)	0.651s	11	14.30x
💻 Local	Express	11.283s (~)	11.940s (+0.8%)	0.658s	11	14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.955s (-26.1% 🟢)	7.708s (-20.2% 🟢)	1.753s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.187s	1.003s	0.013s	1.019s	0.832s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.813s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.200s (-1.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.819s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.202s (+27.7% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.001s (-43.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (-2.1%)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.808s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.014s (+34.7% 🔺)	1.020s (~)	0.811s	10	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.326s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.171s (-29.5% 🟢)	1.467s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.079s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-4.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (-2.6%)	1.021s (~)	0.430s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.613s (+23.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.004s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.409s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.637s	1.009s	0.004s	1.023s	0.386s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.649s	1.011s	0.009s	1.023s	0.373s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.728s (-2.8%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-1.4%)	1.023s (~)	0.295s	59	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.731s (-1.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.293s	59	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.914s (-0.5%)	5.533s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.247s (-22.3% 🟢)	6.298s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.384s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.931s (+3.2%)	1.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.000s (+111.3% 🔺)	1.140s (+3.9%)	0.209s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.949s	1.176s	0.000s	1.187s	0.238s	51	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.960s (~)	1.125s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.000s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.140s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.180s	53	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.234s (+1.6%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.790s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-2.7%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.782s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.262s	2.020s	0.000s	2.022s	0.761s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.464s (+25.9% 🔺)	4.788s (+23.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-37.5% 🟢)	5.253s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.789s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.797s (+11.1% 🔺)	2.143s (+3.6%)	0.000s (+55.4% 🔺)	2.153s (+3.6%)	0.356s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.806s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.175s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.188s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.381s	28	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s	2.071s	0.000s	2.078s	0.246s	29	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.563s	4.031s	0.000s	4.035s	0.472s	15	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.594s (-1.2%)	3.969s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+275.0% 🔺)	3.971s (-3.2%)	0.378s	16	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.624s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.168s (+3.3%)	0.001s (+157.1% 🔺)	4.172s (+3.3%)	0.548s	15	2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.024s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.267s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.002s (+566.7% 🔺)	5.786s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.762s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	9/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3978	74	679	4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7AC7MYNERT995B6BBBG3RA
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP742F887XPMQS0MN00AXJ8N
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP742K9VGT28CAHBW7FGY6QY
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP742N2JBMHXST1XWS5WD7CP
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ACJ2N9NXNG7E6J77GDDF9
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7431HHSYWY82GFX9NE1M6J
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP743SYZF9EG0YPK52F2G12Y
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7445M8BAX8KEYZGK25RZAA
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7448KZRASQZSJP6C24541M
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP744A5AH91JN703GZAMJ0BE
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP747D9ME5BNPMFHB1T7PVKE
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP74AGVP1MARKBVKNPBGJBAW
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP74BPPQZS2NKNVVKXSE92RH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP74C8FGDDAQQSRBJ244QFYQ
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP74CGABR7199XXR055C63V3
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP74CN2686JE7BY9YKVJPPWM
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP74CPY88HWZ0R1WB1EW3F4N
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP74D0YNYPQET6T5G0PDS645
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP74DEDWT7A6ZHH8MBFSPV1K
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP74DK6D3QFWM9T1XPWM0GYJ
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP74DSB1CZ5ATBMKD3CFM9PG
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP74DZ13YQQ4M9FDYJSTNHXB
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP74E4VTZSKZSER35S0XBJV4
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP74EANKFJD4ZMVSD64WDMHX
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74EGHB4KSWT65G91RRXTXQ
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP74ETH2Y01N57569AJT6M9M
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP74F2FDBMJ2Z77PYJB8NY6S
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74F88W95GQBTA0VBV34N34
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74FGMGQRE65JMN3XB7AP49
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP74FVFGEPW9H155JX126DMM
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP74GFDNE5FVEM7WS26J7Q91
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP74GT7GZTMMH9H8VPE3W80N
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP74H017ATBP6HMNTNJE20NG
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP74H1SFC3XMXHARW2BTFJN9
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74H6DPMYGSJHX8B25QA7ZY

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

Summary

• The CLI's hasExpiredData check only verified that expiredAt was non-null, without comparing it against the current time. Any run with a retention policy (which sets expiredAt to a future date at creation) would incorrectly trigger the "This run's data has expired" warning.
• Added a new Date(expiredAt) < new Date() comparison in both hasExpiredData and formatTableValue, matching the logic already used in the web-shared UI.
• Added tests for both functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 955f11b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.043s (+5.6% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.9%)	0.950s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.060s (+29.2% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.951s	10	1.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.193s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.490s (-40.9% 🟢)	1.298s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.123s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.127s	2.006s	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.132s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s	2.011s	0.871s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.149s (+3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.161s (+0.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.011s (-4.6%)	3.786s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.775s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.772s	11.025s	0.253s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.869s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.154s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.881s	11.022s	0.141s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.935s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.089s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.944s (+2.5%)	11.025s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.964s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.059s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.488s (-9.7% 🟢)	18.128s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.641s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.551s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.479s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.671s (+4.6%)	15.029s (+2.8%)	0.357s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.683s	15.278s	0.595s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.688s	15.030s	0.342s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.997s (~)	15.281s (-1.6%)	0.284s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.082s (+0.8%)	16.032s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.949s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.508s (-6.4% 🟢)	32.539s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.895s (~)	14.164s (~)	0.269s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.019s	14.739s	0.721s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.174s (+9.8% 🔺)	15.023s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.849s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.213s	17.032s	0.819s	6	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	16.757s (+1.2%)	17.032s (~)	0.275s	6	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	17.014s (+3.8%)	17.534s (+3.0%)	0.520s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	52.276s (-15.7% 🟢)	54.198s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.922s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.011s	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.262s (-1.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.747s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.495s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.510s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+2.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.568s	2.006s	0.438s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.995s (+3.7%)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.327s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.682s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.347s (+2.5%)	3.010s (~)	0.662s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.401s	3.010s	0.609s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.961s	3.564s	0.603s	9	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.565s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.504s	9	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.142s (+15.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.868s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.160s (+72.2% 🔺)	5.863s (+59.8% 🔺)	1.703s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.450s (+1.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.562s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.531s (+1.3%)	4.010s (~)	0.479s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.688s	4.012s	0.324s	8	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	8.282s (+4.5%)	9.024s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.743s	4	2.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.366s	8.767s	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.625s (+12.8% 🔺)	9.022s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.397s	4	2.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.906s (-21.5% 🟢)	4.319s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.413s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s	2.008s	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.256s (+4.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.752s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.271s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.736s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.469s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.561s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.445s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.589s (+2.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.417s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.835s (-19.7% 🟢)	3.648s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.349s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.662s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.350s (+2.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.660s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.422s	3.009s	0.587s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.963s	3.759s	0.797s	8	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	3.163s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.848s	8	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.885s (+21.1% 🔺)	0.722s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.180s (-19.5% 🟢)	3.654s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.474s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.477s (+2.5%)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.477s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.667s	4.013s	0.346s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.254s	8.767s	0.513s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.336s (+15.7% 🔺)	10.023s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.687s	3	2.69x
💻 Local	Express	9.407s (+5.9% 🔺)	10.027s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.621s	3	2.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.973s (+10.2% 🔺)	4.507s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.534s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.794s	1.024s	0.229s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.7%)	0.221s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.835s (+43.3% 🔺)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.188s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.005s	0.162s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.985s (~)	1.181s (+3.9%)	0.197s	51	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.026s (+1.4%)	1.942s (+29.0% 🔺)	0.916s	31	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.680s (-1.9%)	11.353s (+2.8%)	1.674s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.879s (-4.5%)	2.053s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.174s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.467s	0.435s	37	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.042s (+44.5% 🔺)	2.536s (+26.3% 🔺)	0.493s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.301s	30	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	3.021s (~)	3.649s (+4.0%)	0.628s	25	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.099s (+2.4%)	4.011s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.911s	23	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	27.749s (-8.1% 🟢)	29.768s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.019s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.828s	4.042s	0.214s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.852s (-3.8%)	4.042s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.191s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.043s (+38.1% 🔺)	4.456s (+38.4% 🔺)	0.412s	27	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.715s	9.232s	0.518s	14	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	9.233s (~)	9.864s (-1.5%)	0.631s	13	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.394s (+5.0% 🔺)	10.020s (+4.9%)	0.625s	12	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	75.013s (-0.8%)	76.630s (-0.7%)	1.618s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.258s	1.007s	0.750s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+30.5% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.283s (-2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.724s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s	1.004s	0.441s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.583s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.422s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.608s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.779s (+29.8% 🔺)	3.171s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.392s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.484s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.523s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.490s (+37.9% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.516s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.007s	0.514s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+4.5%)	3.009s (~)	0.492s	30	5.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s	3.009s	0.411s	30	5.37x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.182s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.439s	29	5.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.589s (-4.4%)	4.201s (-2.0%)	1.612s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.777s (-1.8%)	1.007s (-0.9%)	0.230s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.797s	1.007s	0.210s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.817s (+43.9% 🔺)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.200s	118	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.674s	11.209s	0.535s	11	13.74x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.108s (+7.4% 🔺)	11.759s (+6.6% 🔺)	0.651s	11	14.30x
💻 Local	Express	11.283s (~)	11.940s (+0.8%)	0.658s	11	14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.955s (-26.1% 🟢)	7.708s (-20.2% 🟢)	1.753s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.187s	1.003s	0.013s	1.019s	0.832s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.813s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.200s (-1.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.819s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.202s (+27.7% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.001s (-43.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (-2.1%)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.808s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.014s (+34.7% 🔺)	1.020s (~)	0.811s	10	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.326s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.171s (-29.5% 🟢)	1.467s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.079s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-4.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (-2.6%)	1.021s (~)	0.430s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.613s (+23.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.004s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.409s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.637s	1.009s	0.004s	1.023s	0.386s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.649s	1.011s	0.009s	1.023s	0.373s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.728s (-2.8%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-1.4%)	1.023s (~)	0.295s	59	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.731s (-1.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.293s	59	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.914s (-0.5%)	5.533s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.247s (-22.3% 🟢)	6.298s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.384s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.931s (+3.2%)	1.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.000s (+111.3% 🔺)	1.140s (+3.9%)	0.209s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.949s	1.176s	0.000s	1.187s	0.238s	51	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.960s (~)	1.125s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.000s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.140s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.180s	53	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.234s (+1.6%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.790s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-2.7%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.782s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.262s	2.020s	0.000s	2.022s	0.761s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.464s (+25.9% 🔺)	4.788s (+23.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-37.5% 🟢)	5.253s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.789s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.797s (+11.1% 🔺)	2.143s (+3.6%)	0.000s (+55.4% 🔺)	2.153s (+3.6%)	0.356s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.806s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.175s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.188s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.381s	28	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s	2.071s	0.000s	2.078s	0.246s	29	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.563s	4.031s	0.000s	4.035s	0.472s	15	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.594s (-1.2%)	3.969s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+275.0% 🔺)	3.971s (-3.2%)	0.378s	16	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.624s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.168s (+3.3%)	0.001s (+157.1% 🔺)	4.172s (+3.3%)	0.548s	15	2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.024s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.267s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.002s (+566.7% 🔺)	5.786s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.762s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	9/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3978	74	679	4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7AC7MYNERT995B6BBBG3RA
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP742F887XPMQS0MN00AXJ8N
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP742K9VGT28CAHBW7FGY6QY
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP742N2JBMHXST1XWS5WD7CP
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ACJ2N9NXNG7E6J77GDDF9
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7431HHSYWY82GFX9NE1M6J
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP743SYZF9EG0YPK52F2G12Y
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7445M8BAX8KEYZGK25RZAA
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7448KZRASQZSJP6C24541M
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP744A5AH91JN703GZAMJ0BE
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP747D9ME5BNPMFHB1T7PVKE
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP74AGVP1MARKBVKNPBGJBAW
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP74BPPQZS2NKNVVKXSE92RH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP74C8FGDDAQQSRBJ244QFYQ
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP74CGABR7199XXR055C63V3
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP74CN2686JE7BY9YKVJPPWM
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP74CPY88HWZ0R1WB1EW3F4N
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP74D0YNYPQET6T5G0PDS645
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP74DEDWT7A6ZHH8MBFSPV1K
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP74DK6D3QFWM9T1XPWM0GYJ
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP74DSB1CZ5ATBMKD3CFM9PG
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP74DZ13YQQ4M9FDYJSTNHXB
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP74E4VTZSKZSER35S0XBJV4
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP74EANKFJD4ZMVSD64WDMHX
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74EGHB4KSWT65G91RRXTXQ
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP74ETH2Y01N57569AJT6M9M
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP74F2FDBMJ2Z77PYJB8NY6S
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74F88W95GQBTA0VBV34N34
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74FGMGQRE65JMN3XB7AP49
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP74FVFGEPW9H155JX126DMM
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP74GFDNE5FVEM7WS26J7Q91
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP74GT7GZTMMH9H8VPE3W80N
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP74H017ATBP6HMNTNJE20NG
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP74H1SFC3XMXHARW2BTFJN9
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74H6DPMYGSJHX8B25QA7ZY

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

Summary

• The CLI's hasExpiredData check only verified that expiredAt was non-null, without comparing it against the current time. Any run with a retention policy (which sets expiredAt to a future date at creation) would incorrectly trigger the "This run's data has expired" warning.
• Added a new Date(expiredAt) < new Date() comparison in both hasExpiredData and formatTableValue, matching the logic already used in the web-shared UI.
• Added tests for both functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 955f11b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.043s (+5.6% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.9%)	0.950s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.060s (+29.2% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.951s	10	1.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.193s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.490s (-40.9% 🟢)	1.298s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.123s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.127s	2.006s	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.132s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s	2.011s	0.871s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.149s (+3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.161s (+0.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.011s (-4.6%)	3.786s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.775s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.772s	11.025s	0.253s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.869s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.154s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.881s	11.022s	0.141s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.935s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.089s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.944s (+2.5%)	11.025s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.964s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.059s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.488s (-9.7% 🟢)	18.128s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.641s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.551s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.479s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.671s (+4.6%)	15.029s (+2.8%)	0.357s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.683s	15.278s	0.595s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.688s	15.030s	0.342s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.997s (~)	15.281s (-1.6%)	0.284s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.082s (+0.8%)	16.032s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.949s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.508s (-6.4% 🟢)	32.539s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.895s (~)	14.164s (~)	0.269s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.019s	14.739s	0.721s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.174s (+9.8% 🔺)	15.023s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.849s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.213s	17.032s	0.819s	6	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	16.757s (+1.2%)	17.032s (~)	0.275s	6	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	17.014s (+3.8%)	17.534s (+3.0%)	0.520s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	52.276s (-15.7% 🟢)	54.198s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.922s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.011s	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.262s (-1.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.747s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.495s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.510s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+2.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.568s	2.006s	0.438s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.995s (+3.7%)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.327s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.682s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.347s (+2.5%)	3.010s (~)	0.662s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.401s	3.010s	0.609s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.961s	3.564s	0.603s	9	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.565s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.504s	9	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.142s (+15.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.868s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.160s (+72.2% 🔺)	5.863s (+59.8% 🔺)	1.703s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.450s (+1.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.562s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.531s (+1.3%)	4.010s (~)	0.479s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.688s	4.012s	0.324s	8	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	8.282s (+4.5%)	9.024s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.743s	4	2.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.366s	8.767s	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.625s (+12.8% 🔺)	9.022s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.397s	4	2.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.906s (-21.5% 🟢)	4.319s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.413s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s	2.008s	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.256s (+4.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.752s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.271s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.736s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.469s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.561s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.445s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.589s (+2.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.417s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.835s (-19.7% 🟢)	3.648s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.349s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.662s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.350s (+2.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.660s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.422s	3.009s	0.587s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.963s	3.759s	0.797s	8	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	3.163s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.848s	8	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.885s (+21.1% 🔺)	0.722s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.180s (-19.5% 🟢)	3.654s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.474s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.477s (+2.5%)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.477s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.667s	4.013s	0.346s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.254s	8.767s	0.513s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.336s (+15.7% 🔺)	10.023s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.687s	3	2.69x
💻 Local	Express	9.407s (+5.9% 🔺)	10.027s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.621s	3	2.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.973s (+10.2% 🔺)	4.507s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.534s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.794s	1.024s	0.229s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.7%)	0.221s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.835s (+43.3% 🔺)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.188s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.005s	0.162s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.985s (~)	1.181s (+3.9%)	0.197s	51	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.026s (+1.4%)	1.942s (+29.0% 🔺)	0.916s	31	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.680s (-1.9%)	11.353s (+2.8%)	1.674s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.879s (-4.5%)	2.053s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.174s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.467s	0.435s	37	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.042s (+44.5% 🔺)	2.536s (+26.3% 🔺)	0.493s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.301s	30	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	3.021s (~)	3.649s (+4.0%)	0.628s	25	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.099s (+2.4%)	4.011s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.911s	23	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	27.749s (-8.1% 🟢)	29.768s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.019s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.828s	4.042s	0.214s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.852s (-3.8%)	4.042s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.191s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.043s (+38.1% 🔺)	4.456s (+38.4% 🔺)	0.412s	27	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.715s	9.232s	0.518s	14	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	9.233s (~)	9.864s (-1.5%)	0.631s	13	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.394s (+5.0% 🔺)	10.020s (+4.9%)	0.625s	12	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	75.013s (-0.8%)	76.630s (-0.7%)	1.618s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.258s	1.007s	0.750s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+30.5% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.283s (-2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.724s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s	1.004s	0.441s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.583s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.422s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.608s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.779s (+29.8% 🔺)	3.171s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.392s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.484s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.523s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.490s (+37.9% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.516s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.007s	0.514s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+4.5%)	3.009s (~)	0.492s	30	5.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s	3.009s	0.411s	30	5.37x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.182s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.439s	29	5.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.589s (-4.4%)	4.201s (-2.0%)	1.612s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.777s (-1.8%)	1.007s (-0.9%)	0.230s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.797s	1.007s	0.210s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.817s (+43.9% 🔺)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.200s	118	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.674s	11.209s	0.535s	11	13.74x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.108s (+7.4% 🔺)	11.759s (+6.6% 🔺)	0.651s	11	14.30x
💻 Local	Express	11.283s (~)	11.940s (+0.8%)	0.658s	11	14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.955s (-26.1% 🟢)	7.708s (-20.2% 🟢)	1.753s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.187s	1.003s	0.013s	1.019s	0.832s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.813s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.200s (-1.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.819s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.202s (+27.7% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.001s (-43.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (-2.1%)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.808s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.014s (+34.7% 🔺)	1.020s (~)	0.811s	10	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.326s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.171s (-29.5% 🟢)	1.467s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.079s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-4.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (-2.6%)	1.021s (~)	0.430s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.613s (+23.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.004s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.409s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.637s	1.009s	0.004s	1.023s	0.386s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.649s	1.011s	0.009s	1.023s	0.373s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.728s (-2.8%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-1.4%)	1.023s (~)	0.295s	59	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.731s (-1.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.293s	59	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.914s (-0.5%)	5.533s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.247s (-22.3% 🟢)	6.298s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.384s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.931s (+3.2%)	1.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.000s (+111.3% 🔺)	1.140s (+3.9%)	0.209s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.949s	1.176s	0.000s	1.187s	0.238s	51	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.960s (~)	1.125s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.000s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.140s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.180s	53	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.234s (+1.6%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.790s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-2.7%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.782s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.262s	2.020s	0.000s	2.022s	0.761s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.464s (+25.9% 🔺)	4.788s (+23.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-37.5% 🟢)	5.253s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.789s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.797s (+11.1% 🔺)	2.143s (+3.6%)	0.000s (+55.4% 🔺)	2.153s (+3.6%)	0.356s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.806s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.175s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.188s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.381s	28	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s	2.071s	0.000s	2.078s	0.246s	29	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.563s	4.031s	0.000s	4.035s	0.472s	15	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.594s (-1.2%)	3.969s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+275.0% 🔺)	3.971s (-3.2%)	0.378s	16	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.624s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.168s (+3.3%)	0.001s (+157.1% 🔺)	4.172s (+3.3%)	0.548s	15	2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.024s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.267s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.002s (+566.7% 🔺)	5.786s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.762s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	9/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3978	74	679	4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7AC7MYNERT995B6BBBG3RA
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP742F887XPMQS0MN00AXJ8N
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP742K9VGT28CAHBW7FGY6QY
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP742N2JBMHXST1XWS5WD7CP
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ACJ2N9NXNG7E6J77GDDF9
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7431HHSYWY82GFX9NE1M6J
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP743SYZF9EG0YPK52F2G12Y
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7445M8BAX8KEYZGK25RZAA
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7448KZRASQZSJP6C24541M
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP744A5AH91JN703GZAMJ0BE
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP747D9ME5BNPMFHB1T7PVKE
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP74AGVP1MARKBVKNPBGJBAW
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP74BPPQZS2NKNVVKXSE92RH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP74C8FGDDAQQSRBJ244QFYQ
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP74CGABR7199XXR055C63V3
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP74CN2686JE7BY9YKVJPPWM
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP74CPY88HWZ0R1WB1EW3F4N
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP74D0YNYPQET6T5G0PDS645
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP74DEDWT7A6ZHH8MBFSPV1K
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP74DK6D3QFWM9T1XPWM0GYJ
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP74DSB1CZ5ATBMKD3CFM9PG
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP74DZ13YQQ4M9FDYJSTNHXB
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP74E4VTZSKZSER35S0XBJV4
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP74EANKFJD4ZMVSD64WDMHX
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74EGHB4KSWT65G91RRXTXQ
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP74ETH2Y01N57569AJT6M9M
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP74F2FDBMJ2Z77PYJB8NY6S
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74F88W95GQBTA0VBV34N34
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74FGMGQRE65JMN3XB7AP49
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP74FVFGEPW9H155JX126DMM
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP74GFDNE5FVEM7WS26J7Q91
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP74GT7GZTMMH9H8VPE3W80N
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP74H017ATBP6HMNTNJE20NG
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP74H1SFC3XMXHARW2BTFJN9
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74H6DPMYGSJHX8B25QA7ZY

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

Summary

• The CLI's hasExpiredData check only verified that expiredAt was non-null, without comparing it against the current time. Any run with a retention policy (which sets expiredAt to a future date at creation) would incorrectly trigger the "This run's data has expired" warning.
• Added a new Date(expiredAt) < new Date() comparison in both hasExpiredData and formatTableValue, matching the logic already used in the web-shared UI.
• Added tests for both functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 955f11b

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 14, 2026 11:10pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.043s (+5.6% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.962s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.056s	1.010s	0.954s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.060s (-15.2% 🟢)	1.009s (-0.9%)	0.950s	10	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.060s (+29.2% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.951s	10	1.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.193s (-62.2% 🟢)	1.490s (-40.9% 🟢)	1.298s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.123s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.127s	2.006s	0.879s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.132s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s	2.011s	0.871s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.149s (+3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.161s (+0.9%)	2.020s (~)	0.859s	10	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.011s (-4.6%)	3.786s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.775s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.772s	11.025s	0.253s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.869s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.154s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.881s	11.022s	0.141s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.935s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.089s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.944s (+2.5%)	11.025s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.964s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.059s	3	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.488s (-9.7% 🟢)	18.128s (-12.3% 🟢)	1.641s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.551s (~)	15.030s (~)	0.479s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.671s (+4.6%)	15.029s (+2.8%)	0.357s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.683s	15.278s	0.595s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.688s	15.030s	0.342s	4	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	14.997s (~)	15.281s (-1.6%)	0.284s	4	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.082s (+0.8%)	16.032s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.949s	4	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	30.508s (-6.4% 🟢)	32.539s (-5.5% 🟢)	2.031s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.895s (~)	14.164s (~)	0.269s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.019s	14.739s	0.721s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.174s (+9.8% 🔺)	15.023s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.849s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.213s	17.032s	0.819s	6	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	16.757s (+1.2%)	17.032s (~)	0.275s	6	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	17.014s (+3.8%)	17.534s (+3.0%)	0.520s	6	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	52.276s (-15.7% 🟢)	54.198s (-15.0% 🟢)	1.922s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.011s	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.262s (-1.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.747s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.266s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.009s (~)	0.743s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.495s (-1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.510s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+2.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.568s	2.006s	0.438s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.376s (-6.9% 🟢)	3.995s (+3.7%)	1.619s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.327s (~)	3.009s (~)	0.682s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.347s (+2.5%)	3.010s (~)	0.662s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.401s	3.010s	0.609s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.961s	3.564s	0.603s	9	1.27x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (+5.9% 🔺)	3.565s (+14.7% 🔺)	0.504s	9	1.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.142s (+15.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+33.3% 🔺)	0.868s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.160s (+72.2% 🔺)	5.863s (+59.8% 🔺)	1.703s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.450s (+1.8%)	4.012s (~)	0.562s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.531s (+1.3%)	4.010s (~)	0.479s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.688s	4.012s	0.324s	8	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	8.282s (+4.5%)	9.024s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.743s	4	2.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.366s	8.767s	0.401s	4	2.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.625s (+12.8% 🔺)	9.022s (+12.5% 🔺)	0.397s	4	2.50x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.906s (-21.5% 🟢)	4.319s (-19.5% 🟢)	1.413s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.228s	2.008s	0.780s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.256s (+4.5%)	2.009s (~)	0.752s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.271s (+1.4%)	2.008s (~)	0.736s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.537s	2.005s	0.469s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.561s (-18.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.445s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.589s (+2.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.417s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.835s (-19.7% 🟢)	3.648s (-7.6% 🟢)	1.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.349s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.662s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.350s (+2.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.660s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.422s	3.009s	0.587s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.963s	3.759s	0.797s	8	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	3.163s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.848s	8	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.163s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.885s (+21.1% 🔺)	0.722s	8	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.180s (-19.5% 🟢)	3.654s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.474s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.477s (+2.5%)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.477s (~)	4.010s (~)	0.533s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.667s	4.013s	0.346s	8	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.254s	8.767s	0.513s	4	2.37x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.336s (+15.7% 🔺)	10.023s (+14.3% 🔺)	0.687s	3	2.69x
💻 Local	Express	9.407s (+5.9% 🔺)	10.027s (+8.1% 🔺)	0.621s	3	2.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.973s (+10.2% 🔺)	4.507s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.534s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.794s	1.024s	0.229s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.802s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.023s (-1.7%)	0.221s	59	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.835s (+43.3% 🔺)	1.023s (+1.7%)	0.188s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.005s	0.162s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.985s (~)	1.181s (+3.9%)	0.197s	51	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.026s (+1.4%)	1.942s (+29.0% 🔺)	0.916s	31	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	9.680s (-1.9%)	11.353s (+2.8%)	1.674s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.879s (-4.5%)	2.053s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.174s	44	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.467s	0.435s	37	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.042s (+44.5% 🔺)	2.536s (+26.3% 🔺)	0.493s	36	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.706s	3.008s	0.301s	30	1.44x
💻 Local	Express	3.021s (~)	3.649s (+4.0%)	0.628s	25	1.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.099s (+2.4%)	4.011s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.911s	23	1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	27.749s (-8.1% 🟢)	29.768s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.019s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.828s	4.042s	0.214s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.852s (-3.8%)	4.042s (-11.5% 🟢)	0.191s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.043s (+38.1% 🔺)	4.456s (+38.4% 🔺)	0.412s	27	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.715s	9.232s	0.518s	14	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	9.233s (~)	9.864s (-1.5%)	0.631s	13	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.394s (+5.0% 🔺)	10.020s (+4.9%)	0.625s	12	2.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	75.013s (-0.8%)	76.630s (-0.7%)	1.618s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.258s	1.007s	0.750s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.280s (+30.5% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.727s	60	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.283s (-2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.724s	60	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.563s	1.004s	0.441s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.583s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.422s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.608s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.396s	60	2.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.779s (+29.8% 🔺)	3.171s (+12.4% 🔺)	1.392s	19	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.484s (-1.5%)	1.007s (~)	0.523s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.490s (+37.9% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.516s	90	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s	1.007s	0.514s	90	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.518s (+4.5%)	3.009s (~)	0.492s	30	5.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s	3.009s	0.411s	30	5.37x
💻 Local	Express	2.743s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.182s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.439s	29	5.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.589s (-4.4%)	4.201s (-2.0%)	1.612s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.777s (-1.8%)	1.007s (-0.9%)	0.230s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.797s	1.007s	0.210s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.817s (+43.9% 🔺)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.200s	118	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.674s	11.209s	0.535s	11	13.74x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.108s (+7.4% 🔺)	11.759s (+6.6% 🔺)	0.651s	11	14.30x
💻 Local	Express	11.283s (~)	11.940s (+0.8%)	0.658s	11	14.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.955s (-26.1% 🟢)	7.708s (-20.2% 🟢)	1.753s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.187s	1.003s	0.013s	1.019s	0.832s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.198s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.813s	10	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.200s (-1.1%)	1.004s (~)	0.013s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.019s (~)	0.819s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.202s (+27.7% 🔺)	1.002s (~)	0.001s (-43.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.809s	10	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.202s (-2.1%)	0.995s (~)	0.002s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.808s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.209s (+1.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.014s (+34.7% 🔺)	1.020s (~)	0.811s	10	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.326s (-9.0% 🟢)	2.171s (-29.5% 🟢)	1.467s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.079s (-6.3% 🟢)	2.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-4.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.004s (-2.6%)	1.021s (~)	0.430s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.613s (+23.0% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.004s (+12.6% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.409s	59	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.637s	1.009s	0.004s	1.023s	0.386s	59	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.649s	1.011s	0.009s	1.023s	0.373s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.728s (-2.8%)	1.012s (~)	0.009s (-1.4%)	1.023s (~)	0.295s	59	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.731s (-1.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.010s (+10.3% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.293s	59	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.914s (-0.5%)	5.533s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.247s (-22.3% 🟢)	6.298s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.384s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.931s (+3.2%)	1.129s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.000s (+111.3% 🔺)	1.140s (+3.9%)	0.209s	53	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.949s	1.176s	0.000s	1.187s	0.238s	51	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.960s (~)	1.125s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.000s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.140s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.180s	53	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.234s (+1.6%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.790s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Express	1.242s (-2.7%)	2.022s (~)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.782s	30	1.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.262s	2.020s	0.000s	2.022s	0.761s	30	1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.464s (+25.9% 🔺)	4.788s (+23.5% 🔺)	0.000s (-37.5% 🟢)	5.253s (+24.3% 🔺)	1.789s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.797s (+11.1% 🔺)	2.143s (+3.6%)	0.000s (+55.4% 🔺)	2.153s (+3.6%)	0.356s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.806s (+5.9% 🔺)	2.175s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-48.2% 🟢)	2.188s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.381s	28	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s	2.071s	0.000s	2.078s	0.246s	29	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.563s	4.031s	0.000s	4.035s	0.472s	15	1.98x
💻 Local	Express	3.594s (-1.2%)	3.969s (-3.2%)	0.001s (+275.0% 🔺)	3.971s (-3.2%)	0.378s	16	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.624s (+7.3% 🔺)	4.168s (+3.3%)	0.001s (+157.1% 🔺)	4.172s (+3.3%)	0.548s	15	2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.024s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.267s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.002s (+566.7% 🔺)	5.786s (-8.3% 🟢)	1.762s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	9/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	19/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	3978	74	679	4731

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7422WR5MCVC4K5ABXZMDEQ
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7AC7MYNERT995B6BBBG3RA
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP742F887XPMQS0MN00AXJ8N
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP742K9VGT28CAHBW7FGY6QY
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP742N2JBMHXST1XWS5WD7CP
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ACJ2N9NXNG7E6J77GDDF9
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7431HHSYWY82GFX9NE1M6J
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP743BJNAZH3EN62ZGCJD595
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP743KVYES9MNXMVQ1VNW9F6
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP743SYZF9EG0YPK52F2G12Y
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7445M8BAX8KEYZGK25RZAA
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7448KZRASQZSJP6C24541M
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP744A5AH91JN703GZAMJ0BE
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP747AAT0TJYB3AA7Y46RQRK
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP747D9ME5BNPMFHB1T7PVKE
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP74AGVP1MARKBVKNPBGJBAW
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP74B3NMKFA3HWV9FNQ3H637
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP74BPPQZS2NKNVVKXSE92RH
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP74C8FGDDAQQSRBJ244QFYQ
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP74CGABR7199XXR055C63V3
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP74CN2686JE7BY9YKVJPPWM
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP74CPY88HWZ0R1WB1EW3F4N
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP74D0YNYPQET6T5G0PDS645
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP74DEDWT7A6ZHH8MBFSPV1K
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP74DK6D3QFWM9T1XPWM0GYJ
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP74DSB1CZ5ATBMKD3CFM9PG
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP74DZ13YQQ4M9FDYJSTNHXB
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP74E4VTZSKZSER35S0XBJV4
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP74EANKFJD4ZMVSD64WDMHX
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74EGHB4KSWT65G91RRXTXQ
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP74ETH2Y01N57569AJT6M9M
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP74F2FDBMJ2Z77PYJB8NY6S
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74F88W95GQBTA0VBV34N34
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP74FGMGQRE65JMN3XB7AP49
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP74FVFGEPW9H155JX126DMM
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP74GFDNE5FVEM7WS26J7Q91
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP74GT7GZTMMH9H8VPE3W80N
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP74H017ATBP6HMNTNJE20NG
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP74H1SFC3XMXHARW2BTFJN9
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP74H3HQH8FPEJ92BHCC6XZ4
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP74H6DPMYGSJHX8B25QA7ZY

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

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📋 View full workflow run