[core] Re-try runtime replays that exceed deadline up to three times

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0be6831

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	4060	74	687	4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7ATBN010646TM91Z0J2KCN
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS8PWTHZY5VWE8QKWD7T2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASF4Y42CE2P08VZ0X7D32
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASH0JC28PCK6HPBMTTK3Y
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATSTCC6VSSK1YXGGBZ9GT
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASWT4T4DQXDR4GKBEY3NB
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATPFV02AMPASVD8EQYW38
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV2JH6NPWGQDKEX6XV61H
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV6PMF3FHYMWD8ZRYBRFH
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV8KCCPMTHQMF14EWZQT4
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXY172T066FSSN5PAGFF5
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP7B0ZT288MHG76ECCGE27BK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP7B24ZX7E9SZ3YDQA8960S2
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP7B2PQJFD50A1EN4NZSGYG2
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP7B2Y30RDCWW54FE1114HGG
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP7B32MR0MYBZJ8W1E7DSE1T
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP7B34MQEYY51PHK09RYNJ2T
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP7B3DRFR27GFA9WB424H24K
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP7B3TATBNZEB033YWMNANH4
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP7B3YW92J8WK23VPN9QY311
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP7B43AV4WT5XS3RJ47H447R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP7B48Z9N9D5WX8MA3DMY55J
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP7B4ET7WVYX5YRD7JA7Z6N0
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP7B4MDCTHKKP1GYV0S1ANJ0
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B4SWEVRKR1AH0SW74D61C
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP7B52855R8YCC5QB2C0KRFH
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP7B5A6YCVNQ33FJ16S4HS6Q
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5FQRGJJ8KFRXH9TS7HVC
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5R36QBDYXNGT9H1AJ7Z0
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP7B629NGXP35C7HY4R6JGAJ
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP7B6MX876Q5DJGKSRBDXR2H
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP7B6YR4N39DW45XX3HVBKRH
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP7B759XJN18YD8RTVHVWSNB
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP7B789YDM6EEJ3SB370QT0C
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B7D8XA1AK4KWC9M2QFGE1

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.040s (+14.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+4.5%)	1.011s (~)	0.949s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s	1.012s	0.949s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.087s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.922s	10	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.286s (-2.0%)	2.156s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.870s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.007s	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.128s (+2.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.878s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.149s	2.011s	0.862s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.157s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.854s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (+1.9%)	2.025s (+0.8%)	0.857s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.007s (+3.1%)	3.784s (+7.5% 🔺)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.785s	11.024s	0.239s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.915s	11.022s	0.106s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.956s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.071s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.956s (+3.1%)	11.025s (~)	0.069s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.082s (+2.2%)	11.713s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.631s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.107s (~)	19.981s (+1.3%)	1.874s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.650s	15.029s	0.379s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.683s (+0.7%)	15.027s (~)	0.344s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.725s	15.024s	0.300s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.973s (+3.5%)	15.775s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.802s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.998s (+5.5% 🔺)	15.279s (+1.7%)	0.281s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.351s (-5.7% 🟢)	34.063s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.712s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.975s (+0.7%)	14.459s (+3.1%)	0.484s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.094s	14.594s	0.500s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.308s (+1.2%)	15.023s (+0.9%)	0.714s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.138s	17.032s	0.894s	6	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	16.616s (+11.7% 🔺)	17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.415s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	60.403s (+2.8%)	63.120s (+4.3%)	2.717s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.237s	2.009s	0.772s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.246s (-2.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.762s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-1.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.714s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.489s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.516s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.523s	2.006s	0.484s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.491s (-2.9%)	4.120s (-4.7%)	1.628s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.267s (-2.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.742s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.356s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.654s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.419s	3.011s	0.592s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s	3.309s	0.391s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	2.979s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.674s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.695s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.676s (+2.0%)	4.249s (+2.2%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.499s (+1.0%)	4.012s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.500s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.697s	4.012s	0.314s	8	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.775s	8.518s	0.743s	4	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	8.327s (+19.4% 🔺)	9.021s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.694s	4	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.529s (-12.5% 🟢)	5.117s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.588s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.223s	2.009s	0.786s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (+2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.724s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.295s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.711s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.531s	2.006s	0.475s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.537s (+3.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.470s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	78.300s (+3226.4% 🔺)	79.830s (+1858.5% 🔺)	1.531s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.266s (-3.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.743s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.362s (+1.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.648s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.427s	3.009s	0.582s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s	3.454s	0.587s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.967s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.677s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.709s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.131s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.000s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.482s (+1.4%)	4.011s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.495s (+0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.515s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.743s	4.013s	0.270s	8	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.387s	8.768s	0.381s	4	2.41x
💻 Local	Express	8.685s (+18.5% 🔺)	9.523s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.838s	4	2.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.451s (-40.9% 🟢)	5.198s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.747s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.758s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.077s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.319s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.836s (+3.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.171s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.024s	0.181s	59	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.855s	1.004s	0.150s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	1.088s (+57.7% 🔺)	1.276s (+27.0% 🔺)	0.188s	48	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	10.294s (+0.6%)	12.175s (+0.9%)	1.881s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.862s (-4.5%)	2.310s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.448s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.027s (+5.0%)	2.638s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.610s	35	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.078s	2.946s	0.868s	31	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.728s	3.008s	0.279s	30	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	3.024s (+35.5% 🔺)	3.608s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.584s	25	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.544s (-4.7%)	31.759s (-4.2%)	2.214s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.656s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.330s (+2.7%)	0.674s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.155s (+5.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+17.9% 🔺)	0.857s	24	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.214s	5.013s	0.799s	24	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.721s	9.018s	0.297s	14	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	9.221s (+26.3% 🔺)	9.942s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.720s	13	2.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	77.662s (-9.7% 🟢)	79.437s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.775s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.289s (+3.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.717s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.302s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.705s	60	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.579s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.597s	1.022s	0.425s	59	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.027s (+30.9% 🔺)	3.651s (+10.8% 🔺)	1.624s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.462s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.042s (+3.5%)	0.580s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.007s	0.499s	90	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.539s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.469s	90	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	2.512s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.497s	30	5.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.570s	3.009s	0.438s	30	5.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.790s (-1.7%)	4.324s (-4.4%)	1.534s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.804s (+3.1%)	1.241s (+23.3% 🔺)	0.437s	97	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.821s	1.008s	0.187s	120	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.857s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.153s	119	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.866s	11.392s	0.527s	11	13.51x
💻 Local	Express	11.137s (+9.4% 🔺)	11.847s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.711s	11	13.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.896s (-3.4%)	8.526s (-1.3%)	1.630s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.177s	1.003s	0.012s	1.018s	0.840s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (+43.6% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.819s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.202s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.808s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.211s (-1.3%)	0.999s (+0.7%)	0.006s (+293.3% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.803s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.225s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.786s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.512s (+60.1% 🔺)	3.983s (+27.3% 🔺)	0.936s (+14.4% 🔺)	5.423s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.595s (-2.9%)	1.039s (+2.0%)	0.007s (+142.6% 🔺)	1.058s (+2.0%)	0.462s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.656s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.005s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.368s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.027s	0.005s	1.043s	0.364s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	0.822s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.010s (+3.7%)	1.116s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.294s	54	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.867s	1.012s	0.009s	1.229s	0.361s	49	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.975s (+18.9% 🔺)	6.764s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.297s (+33.4% 🔺)	7.484s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.509s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.011s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.195s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+218.0% 🔺)	1.216s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.205s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.019s	1.406s	0.000s	1.429s	0.410s	42	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.047s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.534s (+36.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.549s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.501s	39	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.239s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.001s (+87.5% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.785s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.019s	0.000s	2.021s	0.778s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.209s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.603s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.067s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.857s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.875s (+9.6% 🔺)	2.178s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.190s (+2.9%)	0.315s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.903s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.401s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-42.0% 🟢)	2.434s (+15.2% 🔺)	0.531s	25	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.974s	2.224s	0.000s	2.233s	0.260s	27	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.600s	4.164s	0.001s	4.168s	0.567s	15	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.613s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-23.8% 🟢)	4.169s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.556s	15	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.889s (+16.0% 🔺)	6.469s (+20.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-79.6% 🟢)	6.884s (+19.2% 🔺)	1.996s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[karthikscale3]

My only concern with this change is, if it goes through the retry loops, the queue retries after 300seconds and if it goes through 3 full retries, o11y will show that it was stuck in the queue for ~15minutes before either succeeding or failing. This will cause a bit of confusion. Also, should we introduce a run_retrying state to persist this state?

[VaguelySerious]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

[karthikscale3]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

Makes sense and sounds reasonable. I will let @TooTallNate and @pranaygp to weigh in too.

[TooTallNate]

Clean, well-targeted change. The logic is correct:

• On attempts 1–3 (metadata.attempt <= REPLAY_TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES): process.exit(1) without writing run_failed. The message isn't acked, so the queue retries with an incremented attempt counter.
• On attempt 4+: writes run_failed then exits. Same behavior as before this PR.

This is strictly more lenient than the previous behavior (immediate failure on first timeout) — it can only help, not hurt. Transient slowness (e.g., cold start + large event log) that causes a one-off timeout now gets retried instead of permanently failing the run.

The timeout retry budget (3 attempts) is drawn from the same metadata.attempt counter as MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES (48), so messages that have already been retried for other reasons get fewer timeout grace attempts. This is reasonable — a message already at attempt 10 has had plenty of chances.

Changeset is properly scoped.

[ghost]

Backport to stable failed — the cherry-pick had conflicts that could not be resolved automatically.

To resolve manually:

git fetch origin stable
git checkout stable
git cherry-pick 0810b75872e96d8d8aa6e3dbf4236304d57526a7
# Fix conflicts, then:
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin stable

[ghost]

Cherry-pick to stable had conflicts that were resolved by AI. Please review the backport PR: #1756

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0be6831

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	4060	74	687	4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7ATBN010646TM91Z0J2KCN
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS8PWTHZY5VWE8QKWD7T2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASF4Y42CE2P08VZ0X7D32
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASH0JC28PCK6HPBMTTK3Y
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATSTCC6VSSK1YXGGBZ9GT
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASWT4T4DQXDR4GKBEY3NB
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATPFV02AMPASVD8EQYW38
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV2JH6NPWGQDKEX6XV61H
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV6PMF3FHYMWD8ZRYBRFH
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV8KCCPMTHQMF14EWZQT4
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXY172T066FSSN5PAGFF5
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP7B0ZT288MHG76ECCGE27BK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP7B24ZX7E9SZ3YDQA8960S2
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP7B2PQJFD50A1EN4NZSGYG2
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP7B2Y30RDCWW54FE1114HGG
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP7B32MR0MYBZJ8W1E7DSE1T
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP7B34MQEYY51PHK09RYNJ2T
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP7B3DRFR27GFA9WB424H24K
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP7B3TATBNZEB033YWMNANH4
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP7B3YW92J8WK23VPN9QY311
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP7B43AV4WT5XS3RJ47H447R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP7B48Z9N9D5WX8MA3DMY55J
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP7B4ET7WVYX5YRD7JA7Z6N0
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP7B4MDCTHKKP1GYV0S1ANJ0
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B4SWEVRKR1AH0SW74D61C
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP7B52855R8YCC5QB2C0KRFH
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP7B5A6YCVNQ33FJ16S4HS6Q
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5FQRGJJ8KFRXH9TS7HVC
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5R36QBDYXNGT9H1AJ7Z0
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP7B629NGXP35C7HY4R6JGAJ
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP7B6MX876Q5DJGKSRBDXR2H
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP7B6YR4N39DW45XX3HVBKRH
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP7B759XJN18YD8RTVHVWSNB
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP7B789YDM6EEJ3SB370QT0C
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B7D8XA1AK4KWC9M2QFGE1

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.040s (+14.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+4.5%)	1.011s (~)	0.949s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s	1.012s	0.949s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.087s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.922s	10	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.286s (-2.0%)	2.156s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.870s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.007s	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.128s (+2.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.878s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.149s	2.011s	0.862s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.157s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.854s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (+1.9%)	2.025s (+0.8%)	0.857s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.007s (+3.1%)	3.784s (+7.5% 🔺)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.785s	11.024s	0.239s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.915s	11.022s	0.106s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.956s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.071s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.956s (+3.1%)	11.025s (~)	0.069s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.082s (+2.2%)	11.713s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.631s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.107s (~)	19.981s (+1.3%)	1.874s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.650s	15.029s	0.379s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.683s (+0.7%)	15.027s (~)	0.344s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.725s	15.024s	0.300s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.973s (+3.5%)	15.775s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.802s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.998s (+5.5% 🔺)	15.279s (+1.7%)	0.281s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.351s (-5.7% 🟢)	34.063s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.712s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.975s (+0.7%)	14.459s (+3.1%)	0.484s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.094s	14.594s	0.500s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.308s (+1.2%)	15.023s (+0.9%)	0.714s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.138s	17.032s	0.894s	6	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	16.616s (+11.7% 🔺)	17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.415s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	60.403s (+2.8%)	63.120s (+4.3%)	2.717s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.237s	2.009s	0.772s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.246s (-2.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.762s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-1.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.714s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.489s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.516s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.523s	2.006s	0.484s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.491s (-2.9%)	4.120s (-4.7%)	1.628s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.267s (-2.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.742s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.356s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.654s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.419s	3.011s	0.592s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s	3.309s	0.391s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	2.979s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.674s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.695s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.676s (+2.0%)	4.249s (+2.2%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.499s (+1.0%)	4.012s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.500s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.697s	4.012s	0.314s	8	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.775s	8.518s	0.743s	4	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	8.327s (+19.4% 🔺)	9.021s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.694s	4	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.529s (-12.5% 🟢)	5.117s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.588s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.223s	2.009s	0.786s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (+2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.724s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.295s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.711s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.531s	2.006s	0.475s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.537s (+3.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.470s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	78.300s (+3226.4% 🔺)	79.830s (+1858.5% 🔺)	1.531s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.266s (-3.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.743s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.362s (+1.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.648s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.427s	3.009s	0.582s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s	3.454s	0.587s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.967s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.677s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.709s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.131s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.000s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.482s (+1.4%)	4.011s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.495s (+0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.515s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.743s	4.013s	0.270s	8	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.387s	8.768s	0.381s	4	2.41x
💻 Local	Express	8.685s (+18.5% 🔺)	9.523s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.838s	4	2.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.451s (-40.9% 🟢)	5.198s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.747s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.758s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.077s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.319s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.836s (+3.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.171s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.024s	0.181s	59	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.855s	1.004s	0.150s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	1.088s (+57.7% 🔺)	1.276s (+27.0% 🔺)	0.188s	48	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	10.294s (+0.6%)	12.175s (+0.9%)	1.881s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.862s (-4.5%)	2.310s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.448s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.027s (+5.0%)	2.638s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.610s	35	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.078s	2.946s	0.868s	31	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.728s	3.008s	0.279s	30	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	3.024s (+35.5% 🔺)	3.608s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.584s	25	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.544s (-4.7%)	31.759s (-4.2%)	2.214s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.656s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.330s (+2.7%)	0.674s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.155s (+5.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+17.9% 🔺)	0.857s	24	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.214s	5.013s	0.799s	24	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.721s	9.018s	0.297s	14	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	9.221s (+26.3% 🔺)	9.942s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.720s	13	2.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	77.662s (-9.7% 🟢)	79.437s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.775s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.289s (+3.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.717s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.302s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.705s	60	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.579s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.597s	1.022s	0.425s	59	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.027s (+30.9% 🔺)	3.651s (+10.8% 🔺)	1.624s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.462s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.042s (+3.5%)	0.580s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.007s	0.499s	90	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.539s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.469s	90	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	2.512s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.497s	30	5.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.570s	3.009s	0.438s	30	5.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.790s (-1.7%)	4.324s (-4.4%)	1.534s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.804s (+3.1%)	1.241s (+23.3% 🔺)	0.437s	97	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.821s	1.008s	0.187s	120	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.857s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.153s	119	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.866s	11.392s	0.527s	11	13.51x
💻 Local	Express	11.137s (+9.4% 🔺)	11.847s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.711s	11	13.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.896s (-3.4%)	8.526s (-1.3%)	1.630s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.177s	1.003s	0.012s	1.018s	0.840s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (+43.6% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.819s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.202s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.808s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.211s (-1.3%)	0.999s (+0.7%)	0.006s (+293.3% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.803s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.225s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.786s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.512s (+60.1% 🔺)	3.983s (+27.3% 🔺)	0.936s (+14.4% 🔺)	5.423s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.595s (-2.9%)	1.039s (+2.0%)	0.007s (+142.6% 🔺)	1.058s (+2.0%)	0.462s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.656s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.005s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.368s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.027s	0.005s	1.043s	0.364s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	0.822s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.010s (+3.7%)	1.116s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.294s	54	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.867s	1.012s	0.009s	1.229s	0.361s	49	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.975s (+18.9% 🔺)	6.764s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.297s (+33.4% 🔺)	7.484s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.509s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.011s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.195s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+218.0% 🔺)	1.216s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.205s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.019s	1.406s	0.000s	1.429s	0.410s	42	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.047s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.534s (+36.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.549s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.501s	39	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.239s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.001s (+87.5% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.785s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.019s	0.000s	2.021s	0.778s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.209s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.603s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.067s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.857s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.875s (+9.6% 🔺)	2.178s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.190s (+2.9%)	0.315s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.903s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.401s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-42.0% 🟢)	2.434s (+15.2% 🔺)	0.531s	25	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.974s	2.224s	0.000s	2.233s	0.260s	27	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.600s	4.164s	0.001s	4.168s	0.567s	15	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.613s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-23.8% 🟢)	4.169s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.556s	15	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.889s (+16.0% 🔺)	6.469s (+20.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-79.6% 🟢)	6.884s (+19.2% 🔺)	1.996s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[karthikscale3]

My only concern with this change is, if it goes through the retry loops, the queue retries after 300seconds and if it goes through 3 full retries, o11y will show that it was stuck in the queue for ~15minutes before either succeeding or failing. This will cause a bit of confusion. Also, should we introduce a run_retrying state to persist this state?

[VaguelySerious]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

[karthikscale3]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

Makes sense and sounds reasonable. I will let @TooTallNate and @pranaygp to weigh in too.

[TooTallNate]

Clean, well-targeted change. The logic is correct:

• On attempts 1–3 (metadata.attempt <= REPLAY_TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES): process.exit(1) without writing run_failed. The message isn't acked, so the queue retries with an incremented attempt counter.
• On attempt 4+: writes run_failed then exits. Same behavior as before this PR.

This is strictly more lenient than the previous behavior (immediate failure on first timeout) — it can only help, not hurt. Transient slowness (e.g., cold start + large event log) that causes a one-off timeout now gets retried instead of permanently failing the run.

The timeout retry budget (3 attempts) is drawn from the same metadata.attempt counter as MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES (48), so messages that have already been retried for other reasons get fewer timeout grace attempts. This is reasonable — a message already at attempt 10 has had plenty of chances.

Changeset is properly scoped.

[ghost]

Backport to stable failed — the cherry-pick had conflicts that could not be resolved automatically.

To resolve manually:

git fetch origin stable
git checkout stable
git cherry-pick 0810b75872e96d8d8aa6e3dbf4236304d57526a7
# Fix conflicts, then:
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin stable

[ghost]

Cherry-pick to stable had conflicts that were resolved by AI. Please review the backport PR: #1756

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0be6831

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	4060	74	687	4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7ATBN010646TM91Z0J2KCN
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS8PWTHZY5VWE8QKWD7T2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASF4Y42CE2P08VZ0X7D32
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASH0JC28PCK6HPBMTTK3Y
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATSTCC6VSSK1YXGGBZ9GT
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASWT4T4DQXDR4GKBEY3NB
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATPFV02AMPASVD8EQYW38
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV2JH6NPWGQDKEX6XV61H
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV6PMF3FHYMWD8ZRYBRFH
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV8KCCPMTHQMF14EWZQT4
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXY172T066FSSN5PAGFF5
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP7B0ZT288MHG76ECCGE27BK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP7B24ZX7E9SZ3YDQA8960S2
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP7B2PQJFD50A1EN4NZSGYG2
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP7B2Y30RDCWW54FE1114HGG
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP7B32MR0MYBZJ8W1E7DSE1T
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP7B34MQEYY51PHK09RYNJ2T
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP7B3DRFR27GFA9WB424H24K
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP7B3TATBNZEB033YWMNANH4
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP7B3YW92J8WK23VPN9QY311
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP7B43AV4WT5XS3RJ47H447R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP7B48Z9N9D5WX8MA3DMY55J
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP7B4ET7WVYX5YRD7JA7Z6N0
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP7B4MDCTHKKP1GYV0S1ANJ0
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B4SWEVRKR1AH0SW74D61C
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP7B52855R8YCC5QB2C0KRFH
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP7B5A6YCVNQ33FJ16S4HS6Q
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5FQRGJJ8KFRXH9TS7HVC
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5R36QBDYXNGT9H1AJ7Z0
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP7B629NGXP35C7HY4R6JGAJ
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP7B6MX876Q5DJGKSRBDXR2H
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP7B6YR4N39DW45XX3HVBKRH
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP7B759XJN18YD8RTVHVWSNB
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP7B789YDM6EEJ3SB370QT0C
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B7D8XA1AK4KWC9M2QFGE1

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.040s (+14.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+4.5%)	1.011s (~)	0.949s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s	1.012s	0.949s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.087s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.922s	10	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.286s (-2.0%)	2.156s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.870s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.007s	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.128s (+2.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.878s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.149s	2.011s	0.862s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.157s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.854s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (+1.9%)	2.025s (+0.8%)	0.857s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.007s (+3.1%)	3.784s (+7.5% 🔺)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.785s	11.024s	0.239s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.915s	11.022s	0.106s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.956s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.071s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.956s (+3.1%)	11.025s (~)	0.069s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.082s (+2.2%)	11.713s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.631s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.107s (~)	19.981s (+1.3%)	1.874s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.650s	15.029s	0.379s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.683s (+0.7%)	15.027s (~)	0.344s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.725s	15.024s	0.300s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.973s (+3.5%)	15.775s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.802s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.998s (+5.5% 🔺)	15.279s (+1.7%)	0.281s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.351s (-5.7% 🟢)	34.063s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.712s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.975s (+0.7%)	14.459s (+3.1%)	0.484s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.094s	14.594s	0.500s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.308s (+1.2%)	15.023s (+0.9%)	0.714s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.138s	17.032s	0.894s	6	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	16.616s (+11.7% 🔺)	17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.415s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	60.403s (+2.8%)	63.120s (+4.3%)	2.717s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.237s	2.009s	0.772s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.246s (-2.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.762s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-1.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.714s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.489s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.516s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.523s	2.006s	0.484s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.491s (-2.9%)	4.120s (-4.7%)	1.628s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.267s (-2.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.742s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.356s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.654s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.419s	3.011s	0.592s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s	3.309s	0.391s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	2.979s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.674s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.695s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.676s (+2.0%)	4.249s (+2.2%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.499s (+1.0%)	4.012s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.500s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.697s	4.012s	0.314s	8	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.775s	8.518s	0.743s	4	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	8.327s (+19.4% 🔺)	9.021s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.694s	4	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.529s (-12.5% 🟢)	5.117s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.588s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.223s	2.009s	0.786s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (+2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.724s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.295s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.711s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.531s	2.006s	0.475s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.537s (+3.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.470s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	78.300s (+3226.4% 🔺)	79.830s (+1858.5% 🔺)	1.531s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.266s (-3.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.743s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.362s (+1.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.648s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.427s	3.009s	0.582s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s	3.454s	0.587s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.967s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.677s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.709s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.131s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.000s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.482s (+1.4%)	4.011s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.495s (+0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.515s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.743s	4.013s	0.270s	8	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.387s	8.768s	0.381s	4	2.41x
💻 Local	Express	8.685s (+18.5% 🔺)	9.523s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.838s	4	2.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.451s (-40.9% 🟢)	5.198s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.747s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.758s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.077s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.319s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.836s (+3.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.171s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.024s	0.181s	59	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.855s	1.004s	0.150s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	1.088s (+57.7% 🔺)	1.276s (+27.0% 🔺)	0.188s	48	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	10.294s (+0.6%)	12.175s (+0.9%)	1.881s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.862s (-4.5%)	2.310s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.448s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.027s (+5.0%)	2.638s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.610s	35	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.078s	2.946s	0.868s	31	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.728s	3.008s	0.279s	30	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	3.024s (+35.5% 🔺)	3.608s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.584s	25	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.544s (-4.7%)	31.759s (-4.2%)	2.214s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.656s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.330s (+2.7%)	0.674s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.155s (+5.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+17.9% 🔺)	0.857s	24	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.214s	5.013s	0.799s	24	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.721s	9.018s	0.297s	14	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	9.221s (+26.3% 🔺)	9.942s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.720s	13	2.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	77.662s (-9.7% 🟢)	79.437s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.775s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.289s (+3.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.717s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.302s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.705s	60	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.579s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.597s	1.022s	0.425s	59	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.027s (+30.9% 🔺)	3.651s (+10.8% 🔺)	1.624s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.462s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.042s (+3.5%)	0.580s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.007s	0.499s	90	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.539s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.469s	90	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	2.512s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.497s	30	5.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.570s	3.009s	0.438s	30	5.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.790s (-1.7%)	4.324s (-4.4%)	1.534s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.804s (+3.1%)	1.241s (+23.3% 🔺)	0.437s	97	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.821s	1.008s	0.187s	120	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.857s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.153s	119	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.866s	11.392s	0.527s	11	13.51x
💻 Local	Express	11.137s (+9.4% 🔺)	11.847s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.711s	11	13.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.896s (-3.4%)	8.526s (-1.3%)	1.630s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.177s	1.003s	0.012s	1.018s	0.840s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (+43.6% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.819s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.202s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.808s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.211s (-1.3%)	0.999s (+0.7%)	0.006s (+293.3% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.803s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.225s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.786s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.512s (+60.1% 🔺)	3.983s (+27.3% 🔺)	0.936s (+14.4% 🔺)	5.423s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.595s (-2.9%)	1.039s (+2.0%)	0.007s (+142.6% 🔺)	1.058s (+2.0%)	0.462s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.656s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.005s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.368s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.027s	0.005s	1.043s	0.364s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	0.822s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.010s (+3.7%)	1.116s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.294s	54	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.867s	1.012s	0.009s	1.229s	0.361s	49	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.975s (+18.9% 🔺)	6.764s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.297s (+33.4% 🔺)	7.484s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.509s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.011s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.195s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+218.0% 🔺)	1.216s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.205s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.019s	1.406s	0.000s	1.429s	0.410s	42	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.047s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.534s (+36.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.549s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.501s	39	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.239s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.001s (+87.5% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.785s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.019s	0.000s	2.021s	0.778s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.209s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.603s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.067s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.857s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.875s (+9.6% 🔺)	2.178s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.190s (+2.9%)	0.315s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.903s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.401s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-42.0% 🟢)	2.434s (+15.2% 🔺)	0.531s	25	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.974s	2.224s	0.000s	2.233s	0.260s	27	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.600s	4.164s	0.001s	4.168s	0.567s	15	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.613s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-23.8% 🟢)	4.169s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.556s	15	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.889s (+16.0% 🔺)	6.469s (+20.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-79.6% 🟢)	6.884s (+19.2% 🔺)	1.996s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[karthikscale3]

My only concern with this change is, if it goes through the retry loops, the queue retries after 300seconds and if it goes through 3 full retries, o11y will show that it was stuck in the queue for ~15minutes before either succeeding or failing. This will cause a bit of confusion. Also, should we introduce a run_retrying state to persist this state?

[VaguelySerious]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

[karthikscale3]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

Makes sense and sounds reasonable. I will let @TooTallNate and @pranaygp to weigh in too.

[TooTallNate]

Clean, well-targeted change. The logic is correct:

• On attempts 1–3 (metadata.attempt <= REPLAY_TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES): process.exit(1) without writing run_failed. The message isn't acked, so the queue retries with an incremented attempt counter.
• On attempt 4+: writes run_failed then exits. Same behavior as before this PR.

This is strictly more lenient than the previous behavior (immediate failure on first timeout) — it can only help, not hurt. Transient slowness (e.g., cold start + large event log) that causes a one-off timeout now gets retried instead of permanently failing the run.

The timeout retry budget (3 attempts) is drawn from the same metadata.attempt counter as MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES (48), so messages that have already been retried for other reasons get fewer timeout grace attempts. This is reasonable — a message already at attempt 10 has had plenty of chances.

Changeset is properly scoped.

[ghost]

Backport to stable failed — the cherry-pick had conflicts that could not be resolved automatically.

To resolve manually:

git fetch origin stable
git checkout stable
git cherry-pick 0810b75872e96d8d8aa6e3dbf4236304d57526a7
# Fix conflicts, then:
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin stable

[ghost]

Cherry-pick to stable had conflicts that were resolved by AI. Please review the backport PR: #1756

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0be6831

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	4060	74	687	4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7ATBN010646TM91Z0J2KCN
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS8PWTHZY5VWE8QKWD7T2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASF4Y42CE2P08VZ0X7D32
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASH0JC28PCK6HPBMTTK3Y
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATSTCC6VSSK1YXGGBZ9GT
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASWT4T4DQXDR4GKBEY3NB
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATPFV02AMPASVD8EQYW38
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV2JH6NPWGQDKEX6XV61H
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV6PMF3FHYMWD8ZRYBRFH
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV8KCCPMTHQMF14EWZQT4
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXY172T066FSSN5PAGFF5
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP7B0ZT288MHG76ECCGE27BK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP7B24ZX7E9SZ3YDQA8960S2
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP7B2PQJFD50A1EN4NZSGYG2
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP7B2Y30RDCWW54FE1114HGG
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP7B32MR0MYBZJ8W1E7DSE1T
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP7B34MQEYY51PHK09RYNJ2T
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP7B3DRFR27GFA9WB424H24K
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP7B3TATBNZEB033YWMNANH4
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP7B3YW92J8WK23VPN9QY311
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP7B43AV4WT5XS3RJ47H447R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP7B48Z9N9D5WX8MA3DMY55J
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP7B4ET7WVYX5YRD7JA7Z6N0
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP7B4MDCTHKKP1GYV0S1ANJ0
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B4SWEVRKR1AH0SW74D61C
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP7B52855R8YCC5QB2C0KRFH
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP7B5A6YCVNQ33FJ16S4HS6Q
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5FQRGJJ8KFRXH9TS7HVC
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5R36QBDYXNGT9H1AJ7Z0
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP7B629NGXP35C7HY4R6JGAJ
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP7B6MX876Q5DJGKSRBDXR2H
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP7B6YR4N39DW45XX3HVBKRH
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP7B759XJN18YD8RTVHVWSNB
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP7B789YDM6EEJ3SB370QT0C
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B7D8XA1AK4KWC9M2QFGE1

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.040s (+14.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+4.5%)	1.011s (~)	0.949s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s	1.012s	0.949s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.087s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.922s	10	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.286s (-2.0%)	2.156s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.870s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.007s	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.128s (+2.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.878s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.149s	2.011s	0.862s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.157s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.854s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (+1.9%)	2.025s (+0.8%)	0.857s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.007s (+3.1%)	3.784s (+7.5% 🔺)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.785s	11.024s	0.239s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.915s	11.022s	0.106s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.956s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.071s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.956s (+3.1%)	11.025s (~)	0.069s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.082s (+2.2%)	11.713s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.631s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.107s (~)	19.981s (+1.3%)	1.874s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.650s	15.029s	0.379s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.683s (+0.7%)	15.027s (~)	0.344s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.725s	15.024s	0.300s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.973s (+3.5%)	15.775s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.802s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.998s (+5.5% 🔺)	15.279s (+1.7%)	0.281s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.351s (-5.7% 🟢)	34.063s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.712s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.975s (+0.7%)	14.459s (+3.1%)	0.484s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.094s	14.594s	0.500s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.308s (+1.2%)	15.023s (+0.9%)	0.714s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.138s	17.032s	0.894s	6	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	16.616s (+11.7% 🔺)	17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.415s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	60.403s (+2.8%)	63.120s (+4.3%)	2.717s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.237s	2.009s	0.772s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.246s (-2.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.762s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-1.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.714s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.489s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.516s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.523s	2.006s	0.484s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.491s (-2.9%)	4.120s (-4.7%)	1.628s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.267s (-2.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.742s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.356s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.654s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.419s	3.011s	0.592s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s	3.309s	0.391s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	2.979s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.674s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.695s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.676s (+2.0%)	4.249s (+2.2%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.499s (+1.0%)	4.012s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.500s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.697s	4.012s	0.314s	8	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.775s	8.518s	0.743s	4	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	8.327s (+19.4% 🔺)	9.021s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.694s	4	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.529s (-12.5% 🟢)	5.117s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.588s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.223s	2.009s	0.786s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (+2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.724s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.295s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.711s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.531s	2.006s	0.475s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.537s (+3.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.470s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	78.300s (+3226.4% 🔺)	79.830s (+1858.5% 🔺)	1.531s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.266s (-3.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.743s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.362s (+1.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.648s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.427s	3.009s	0.582s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s	3.454s	0.587s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.967s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.677s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.709s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.131s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.000s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.482s (+1.4%)	4.011s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.495s (+0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.515s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.743s	4.013s	0.270s	8	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.387s	8.768s	0.381s	4	2.41x
💻 Local	Express	8.685s (+18.5% 🔺)	9.523s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.838s	4	2.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.451s (-40.9% 🟢)	5.198s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.747s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.758s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.077s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.319s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.836s (+3.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.171s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.024s	0.181s	59	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.855s	1.004s	0.150s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	1.088s (+57.7% 🔺)	1.276s (+27.0% 🔺)	0.188s	48	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	10.294s (+0.6%)	12.175s (+0.9%)	1.881s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.862s (-4.5%)	2.310s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.448s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.027s (+5.0%)	2.638s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.610s	35	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.078s	2.946s	0.868s	31	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.728s	3.008s	0.279s	30	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	3.024s (+35.5% 🔺)	3.608s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.584s	25	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.544s (-4.7%)	31.759s (-4.2%)	2.214s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.656s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.330s (+2.7%)	0.674s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.155s (+5.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+17.9% 🔺)	0.857s	24	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.214s	5.013s	0.799s	24	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.721s	9.018s	0.297s	14	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	9.221s (+26.3% 🔺)	9.942s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.720s	13	2.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	77.662s (-9.7% 🟢)	79.437s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.775s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.289s (+3.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.717s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.302s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.705s	60	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.579s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.597s	1.022s	0.425s	59	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.027s (+30.9% 🔺)	3.651s (+10.8% 🔺)	1.624s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.462s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.042s (+3.5%)	0.580s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.007s	0.499s	90	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.539s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.469s	90	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	2.512s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.497s	30	5.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.570s	3.009s	0.438s	30	5.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.790s (-1.7%)	4.324s (-4.4%)	1.534s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.804s (+3.1%)	1.241s (+23.3% 🔺)	0.437s	97	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.821s	1.008s	0.187s	120	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.857s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.153s	119	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.866s	11.392s	0.527s	11	13.51x
💻 Local	Express	11.137s (+9.4% 🔺)	11.847s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.711s	11	13.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.896s (-3.4%)	8.526s (-1.3%)	1.630s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.177s	1.003s	0.012s	1.018s	0.840s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (+43.6% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.819s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.202s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.808s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.211s (-1.3%)	0.999s (+0.7%)	0.006s (+293.3% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.803s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.225s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.786s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.512s (+60.1% 🔺)	3.983s (+27.3% 🔺)	0.936s (+14.4% 🔺)	5.423s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.595s (-2.9%)	1.039s (+2.0%)	0.007s (+142.6% 🔺)	1.058s (+2.0%)	0.462s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.656s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.005s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.368s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.027s	0.005s	1.043s	0.364s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	0.822s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.010s (+3.7%)	1.116s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.294s	54	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.867s	1.012s	0.009s	1.229s	0.361s	49	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.975s (+18.9% 🔺)	6.764s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.297s (+33.4% 🔺)	7.484s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.509s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.011s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.195s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+218.0% 🔺)	1.216s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.205s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.019s	1.406s	0.000s	1.429s	0.410s	42	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.047s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.534s (+36.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.549s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.501s	39	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.239s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.001s (+87.5% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.785s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.019s	0.000s	2.021s	0.778s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.209s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.603s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.067s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.857s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.875s (+9.6% 🔺)	2.178s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.190s (+2.9%)	0.315s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.903s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.401s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-42.0% 🟢)	2.434s (+15.2% 🔺)	0.531s	25	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.974s	2.224s	0.000s	2.233s	0.260s	27	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.600s	4.164s	0.001s	4.168s	0.567s	15	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.613s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-23.8% 🟢)	4.169s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.556s	15	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.889s (+16.0% 🔺)	6.469s (+20.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-79.6% 🟢)	6.884s (+19.2% 🔺)	1.996s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[karthikscale3]

My only concern with this change is, if it goes through the retry loops, the queue retries after 300seconds and if it goes through 3 full retries, o11y will show that it was stuck in the queue for ~15minutes before either succeeding or failing. This will cause a bit of confusion. Also, should we introduce a run_retrying state to persist this state?

[VaguelySerious]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

[karthikscale3]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

Makes sense and sounds reasonable. I will let @TooTallNate and @pranaygp to weigh in too.

[TooTallNate]

Clean, well-targeted change. The logic is correct:

• On attempts 1–3 (metadata.attempt <= REPLAY_TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES): process.exit(1) without writing run_failed. The message isn't acked, so the queue retries with an incremented attempt counter.
• On attempt 4+: writes run_failed then exits. Same behavior as before this PR.

This is strictly more lenient than the previous behavior (immediate failure on first timeout) — it can only help, not hurt. Transient slowness (e.g., cold start + large event log) that causes a one-off timeout now gets retried instead of permanently failing the run.

The timeout retry budget (3 attempts) is drawn from the same metadata.attempt counter as MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES (48), so messages that have already been retried for other reasons get fewer timeout grace attempts. This is reasonable — a message already at attempt 10 has had plenty of chances.

Changeset is properly scoped.

[ghost]

Backport to stable failed — the cherry-pick had conflicts that could not be resolved automatically.

To resolve manually:

git fetch origin stable
git checkout stable
git cherry-pick 0810b75872e96d8d8aa6e3dbf4236304d57526a7
# Fix conflicts, then:
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin stable

[ghost]

Cherry-pick to stable had conflicts that were resolved by AI. Please review the backport PR: #1756

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0be6831

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	4060	74	687	4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7ATBN010646TM91Z0J2KCN
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS8PWTHZY5VWE8QKWD7T2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASF4Y42CE2P08VZ0X7D32
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASH0JC28PCK6HPBMTTK3Y
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATSTCC6VSSK1YXGGBZ9GT
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASWT4T4DQXDR4GKBEY3NB
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATPFV02AMPASVD8EQYW38
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV2JH6NPWGQDKEX6XV61H
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV6PMF3FHYMWD8ZRYBRFH
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV8KCCPMTHQMF14EWZQT4
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXY172T066FSSN5PAGFF5
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP7B0ZT288MHG76ECCGE27BK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP7B24ZX7E9SZ3YDQA8960S2
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP7B2PQJFD50A1EN4NZSGYG2
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP7B2Y30RDCWW54FE1114HGG
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP7B32MR0MYBZJ8W1E7DSE1T
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP7B34MQEYY51PHK09RYNJ2T
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP7B3DRFR27GFA9WB424H24K
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP7B3TATBNZEB033YWMNANH4
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP7B3YW92J8WK23VPN9QY311
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP7B43AV4WT5XS3RJ47H447R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP7B48Z9N9D5WX8MA3DMY55J
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP7B4ET7WVYX5YRD7JA7Z6N0
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP7B4MDCTHKKP1GYV0S1ANJ0
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B4SWEVRKR1AH0SW74D61C
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP7B52855R8YCC5QB2C0KRFH
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP7B5A6YCVNQ33FJ16S4HS6Q
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5FQRGJJ8KFRXH9TS7HVC
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5R36QBDYXNGT9H1AJ7Z0
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP7B629NGXP35C7HY4R6JGAJ
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP7B6MX876Q5DJGKSRBDXR2H
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP7B6YR4N39DW45XX3HVBKRH
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP7B759XJN18YD8RTVHVWSNB
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP7B789YDM6EEJ3SB370QT0C
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B7D8XA1AK4KWC9M2QFGE1

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.040s (+14.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+4.5%)	1.011s (~)	0.949s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s	1.012s	0.949s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.087s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.922s	10	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.286s (-2.0%)	2.156s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.870s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.007s	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.128s (+2.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.878s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.149s	2.011s	0.862s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.157s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.854s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (+1.9%)	2.025s (+0.8%)	0.857s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.007s (+3.1%)	3.784s (+7.5% 🔺)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.785s	11.024s	0.239s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.915s	11.022s	0.106s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.956s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.071s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.956s (+3.1%)	11.025s (~)	0.069s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.082s (+2.2%)	11.713s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.631s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.107s (~)	19.981s (+1.3%)	1.874s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.650s	15.029s	0.379s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.683s (+0.7%)	15.027s (~)	0.344s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.725s	15.024s	0.300s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.973s (+3.5%)	15.775s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.802s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.998s (+5.5% 🔺)	15.279s (+1.7%)	0.281s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.351s (-5.7% 🟢)	34.063s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.712s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.975s (+0.7%)	14.459s (+3.1%)	0.484s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.094s	14.594s	0.500s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.308s (+1.2%)	15.023s (+0.9%)	0.714s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.138s	17.032s	0.894s	6	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	16.616s (+11.7% 🔺)	17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.415s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	60.403s (+2.8%)	63.120s (+4.3%)	2.717s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.237s	2.009s	0.772s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.246s (-2.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.762s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-1.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.714s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.489s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.516s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.523s	2.006s	0.484s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.491s (-2.9%)	4.120s (-4.7%)	1.628s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.267s (-2.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.742s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.356s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.654s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.419s	3.011s	0.592s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s	3.309s	0.391s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	2.979s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.674s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.695s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.676s (+2.0%)	4.249s (+2.2%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.499s (+1.0%)	4.012s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.500s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.697s	4.012s	0.314s	8	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.775s	8.518s	0.743s	4	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	8.327s (+19.4% 🔺)	9.021s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.694s	4	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.529s (-12.5% 🟢)	5.117s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.588s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.223s	2.009s	0.786s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (+2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.724s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.295s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.711s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.531s	2.006s	0.475s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.537s (+3.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.470s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	78.300s (+3226.4% 🔺)	79.830s (+1858.5% 🔺)	1.531s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.266s (-3.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.743s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.362s (+1.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.648s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.427s	3.009s	0.582s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s	3.454s	0.587s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.967s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.677s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.709s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.131s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.000s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.482s (+1.4%)	4.011s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.495s (+0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.515s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.743s	4.013s	0.270s	8	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.387s	8.768s	0.381s	4	2.41x
💻 Local	Express	8.685s (+18.5% 🔺)	9.523s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.838s	4	2.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.451s (-40.9% 🟢)	5.198s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.747s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.758s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.077s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.319s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.836s (+3.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.171s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.024s	0.181s	59	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.855s	1.004s	0.150s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	1.088s (+57.7% 🔺)	1.276s (+27.0% 🔺)	0.188s	48	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	10.294s (+0.6%)	12.175s (+0.9%)	1.881s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.862s (-4.5%)	2.310s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.448s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.027s (+5.0%)	2.638s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.610s	35	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.078s	2.946s	0.868s	31	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.728s	3.008s	0.279s	30	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	3.024s (+35.5% 🔺)	3.608s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.584s	25	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.544s (-4.7%)	31.759s (-4.2%)	2.214s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.656s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.330s (+2.7%)	0.674s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.155s (+5.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+17.9% 🔺)	0.857s	24	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.214s	5.013s	0.799s	24	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.721s	9.018s	0.297s	14	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	9.221s (+26.3% 🔺)	9.942s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.720s	13	2.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	77.662s (-9.7% 🟢)	79.437s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.775s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.289s (+3.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.717s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.302s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.705s	60	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.579s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.597s	1.022s	0.425s	59	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.027s (+30.9% 🔺)	3.651s (+10.8% 🔺)	1.624s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.462s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.042s (+3.5%)	0.580s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.007s	0.499s	90	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.539s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.469s	90	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	2.512s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.497s	30	5.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.570s	3.009s	0.438s	30	5.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.790s (-1.7%)	4.324s (-4.4%)	1.534s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.804s (+3.1%)	1.241s (+23.3% 🔺)	0.437s	97	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.821s	1.008s	0.187s	120	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.857s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.153s	119	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.866s	11.392s	0.527s	11	13.51x
💻 Local	Express	11.137s (+9.4% 🔺)	11.847s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.711s	11	13.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.896s (-3.4%)	8.526s (-1.3%)	1.630s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.177s	1.003s	0.012s	1.018s	0.840s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (+43.6% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.819s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.202s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.808s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.211s (-1.3%)	0.999s (+0.7%)	0.006s (+293.3% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.803s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.225s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.786s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.512s (+60.1% 🔺)	3.983s (+27.3% 🔺)	0.936s (+14.4% 🔺)	5.423s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.595s (-2.9%)	1.039s (+2.0%)	0.007s (+142.6% 🔺)	1.058s (+2.0%)	0.462s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.656s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.005s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.368s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.027s	0.005s	1.043s	0.364s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	0.822s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.010s (+3.7%)	1.116s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.294s	54	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.867s	1.012s	0.009s	1.229s	0.361s	49	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.975s (+18.9% 🔺)	6.764s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.297s (+33.4% 🔺)	7.484s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.509s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.011s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.195s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+218.0% 🔺)	1.216s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.205s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.019s	1.406s	0.000s	1.429s	0.410s	42	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.047s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.534s (+36.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.549s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.501s	39	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.239s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.001s (+87.5% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.785s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.019s	0.000s	2.021s	0.778s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.209s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.603s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.067s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.857s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.875s (+9.6% 🔺)	2.178s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.190s (+2.9%)	0.315s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.903s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.401s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-42.0% 🟢)	2.434s (+15.2% 🔺)	0.531s	25	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.974s	2.224s	0.000s	2.233s	0.260s	27	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.600s	4.164s	0.001s	4.168s	0.567s	15	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.613s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-23.8% 🟢)	4.169s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.556s	15	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.889s (+16.0% 🔺)	6.469s (+20.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-79.6% 🟢)	6.884s (+19.2% 🔺)	1.996s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[karthikscale3]

My only concern with this change is, if it goes through the retry loops, the queue retries after 300seconds and if it goes through 3 full retries, o11y will show that it was stuck in the queue for ~15minutes before either succeeding or failing. This will cause a bit of confusion. Also, should we introduce a run_retrying state to persist this state?

[VaguelySerious]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

[karthikscale3]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

Makes sense and sounds reasonable. I will let @TooTallNate and @pranaygp to weigh in too.

[TooTallNate]

Clean, well-targeted change. The logic is correct:

• On attempts 1–3 (metadata.attempt <= REPLAY_TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES): process.exit(1) without writing run_failed. The message isn't acked, so the queue retries with an incremented attempt counter.
• On attempt 4+: writes run_failed then exits. Same behavior as before this PR.

This is strictly more lenient than the previous behavior (immediate failure on first timeout) — it can only help, not hurt. Transient slowness (e.g., cold start + large event log) that causes a one-off timeout now gets retried instead of permanently failing the run.

The timeout retry budget (3 attempts) is drawn from the same metadata.attempt counter as MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES (48), so messages that have already been retried for other reasons get fewer timeout grace attempts. This is reasonable — a message already at attempt 10 has had plenty of chances.

Changeset is properly scoped.

[ghost]

Backport to stable failed — the cherry-pick had conflicts that could not be resolved automatically.

To resolve manually:

git fetch origin stable
git checkout stable
git cherry-pick 0810b75872e96d8d8aa6e3dbf4236304d57526a7
# Fix conflicts, then:
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin stable

[ghost]

Cherry-pick to stable had conflicts that were resolved by AI. Please review the backport PR: #1756

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0be6831

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	4060	74	687	4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7ATBN010646TM91Z0J2KCN
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS8PWTHZY5VWE8QKWD7T2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASF4Y42CE2P08VZ0X7D32
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASH0JC28PCK6HPBMTTK3Y
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATSTCC6VSSK1YXGGBZ9GT
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASWT4T4DQXDR4GKBEY3NB
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATPFV02AMPASVD8EQYW38
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV2JH6NPWGQDKEX6XV61H
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV6PMF3FHYMWD8ZRYBRFH
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV8KCCPMTHQMF14EWZQT4
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXY172T066FSSN5PAGFF5
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP7B0ZT288MHG76ECCGE27BK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP7B24ZX7E9SZ3YDQA8960S2
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP7B2PQJFD50A1EN4NZSGYG2
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP7B2Y30RDCWW54FE1114HGG
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP7B32MR0MYBZJ8W1E7DSE1T
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP7B34MQEYY51PHK09RYNJ2T
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP7B3DRFR27GFA9WB424H24K
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP7B3TATBNZEB033YWMNANH4
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP7B3YW92J8WK23VPN9QY311
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP7B43AV4WT5XS3RJ47H447R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP7B48Z9N9D5WX8MA3DMY55J
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP7B4ET7WVYX5YRD7JA7Z6N0
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP7B4MDCTHKKP1GYV0S1ANJ0
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B4SWEVRKR1AH0SW74D61C
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP7B52855R8YCC5QB2C0KRFH
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP7B5A6YCVNQ33FJ16S4HS6Q
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5FQRGJJ8KFRXH9TS7HVC
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5R36QBDYXNGT9H1AJ7Z0
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP7B629NGXP35C7HY4R6JGAJ
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP7B6MX876Q5DJGKSRBDXR2H
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP7B6YR4N39DW45XX3HVBKRH
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP7B759XJN18YD8RTVHVWSNB
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP7B789YDM6EEJ3SB370QT0C
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B7D8XA1AK4KWC9M2QFGE1

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.040s (+14.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+4.5%)	1.011s (~)	0.949s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s	1.012s	0.949s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.087s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.922s	10	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.286s (-2.0%)	2.156s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.870s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.007s	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.128s (+2.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.878s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.149s	2.011s	0.862s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.157s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.854s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (+1.9%)	2.025s (+0.8%)	0.857s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.007s (+3.1%)	3.784s (+7.5% 🔺)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.785s	11.024s	0.239s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.915s	11.022s	0.106s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.956s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.071s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.956s (+3.1%)	11.025s (~)	0.069s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.082s (+2.2%)	11.713s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.631s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.107s (~)	19.981s (+1.3%)	1.874s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.650s	15.029s	0.379s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.683s (+0.7%)	15.027s (~)	0.344s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.725s	15.024s	0.300s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.973s (+3.5%)	15.775s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.802s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.998s (+5.5% 🔺)	15.279s (+1.7%)	0.281s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.351s (-5.7% 🟢)	34.063s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.712s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.975s (+0.7%)	14.459s (+3.1%)	0.484s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.094s	14.594s	0.500s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.308s (+1.2%)	15.023s (+0.9%)	0.714s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.138s	17.032s	0.894s	6	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	16.616s (+11.7% 🔺)	17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.415s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	60.403s (+2.8%)	63.120s (+4.3%)	2.717s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.237s	2.009s	0.772s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.246s (-2.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.762s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-1.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.714s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.489s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.516s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.523s	2.006s	0.484s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.491s (-2.9%)	4.120s (-4.7%)	1.628s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.267s (-2.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.742s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.356s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.654s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.419s	3.011s	0.592s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s	3.309s	0.391s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	2.979s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.674s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.695s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.676s (+2.0%)	4.249s (+2.2%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.499s (+1.0%)	4.012s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.500s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.697s	4.012s	0.314s	8	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.775s	8.518s	0.743s	4	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	8.327s (+19.4% 🔺)	9.021s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.694s	4	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.529s (-12.5% 🟢)	5.117s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.588s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.223s	2.009s	0.786s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (+2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.724s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.295s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.711s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.531s	2.006s	0.475s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.537s (+3.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.470s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	78.300s (+3226.4% 🔺)	79.830s (+1858.5% 🔺)	1.531s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.266s (-3.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.743s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.362s (+1.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.648s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.427s	3.009s	0.582s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s	3.454s	0.587s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.967s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.677s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.709s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.131s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.000s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.482s (+1.4%)	4.011s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.495s (+0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.515s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.743s	4.013s	0.270s	8	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.387s	8.768s	0.381s	4	2.41x
💻 Local	Express	8.685s (+18.5% 🔺)	9.523s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.838s	4	2.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.451s (-40.9% 🟢)	5.198s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.747s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.758s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.077s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.319s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.836s (+3.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.171s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.024s	0.181s	59	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.855s	1.004s	0.150s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	1.088s (+57.7% 🔺)	1.276s (+27.0% 🔺)	0.188s	48	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	10.294s (+0.6%)	12.175s (+0.9%)	1.881s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.862s (-4.5%)	2.310s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.448s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.027s (+5.0%)	2.638s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.610s	35	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.078s	2.946s	0.868s	31	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.728s	3.008s	0.279s	30	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	3.024s (+35.5% 🔺)	3.608s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.584s	25	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.544s (-4.7%)	31.759s (-4.2%)	2.214s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.656s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.330s (+2.7%)	0.674s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.155s (+5.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+17.9% 🔺)	0.857s	24	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.214s	5.013s	0.799s	24	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.721s	9.018s	0.297s	14	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	9.221s (+26.3% 🔺)	9.942s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.720s	13	2.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	77.662s (-9.7% 🟢)	79.437s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.775s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.289s (+3.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.717s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.302s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.705s	60	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.579s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.597s	1.022s	0.425s	59	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.027s (+30.9% 🔺)	3.651s (+10.8% 🔺)	1.624s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.462s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.042s (+3.5%)	0.580s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.007s	0.499s	90	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.539s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.469s	90	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	2.512s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.497s	30	5.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.570s	3.009s	0.438s	30	5.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.790s (-1.7%)	4.324s (-4.4%)	1.534s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.804s (+3.1%)	1.241s (+23.3% 🔺)	0.437s	97	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.821s	1.008s	0.187s	120	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.857s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.153s	119	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.866s	11.392s	0.527s	11	13.51x
💻 Local	Express	11.137s (+9.4% 🔺)	11.847s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.711s	11	13.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.896s (-3.4%)	8.526s (-1.3%)	1.630s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.177s	1.003s	0.012s	1.018s	0.840s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (+43.6% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.819s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.202s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.808s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.211s (-1.3%)	0.999s (+0.7%)	0.006s (+293.3% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.803s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.225s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.786s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.512s (+60.1% 🔺)	3.983s (+27.3% 🔺)	0.936s (+14.4% 🔺)	5.423s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.595s (-2.9%)	1.039s (+2.0%)	0.007s (+142.6% 🔺)	1.058s (+2.0%)	0.462s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.656s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.005s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.368s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.027s	0.005s	1.043s	0.364s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	0.822s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.010s (+3.7%)	1.116s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.294s	54	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.867s	1.012s	0.009s	1.229s	0.361s	49	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.975s (+18.9% 🔺)	6.764s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.297s (+33.4% 🔺)	7.484s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.509s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.011s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.195s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+218.0% 🔺)	1.216s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.205s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.019s	1.406s	0.000s	1.429s	0.410s	42	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.047s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.534s (+36.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.549s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.501s	39	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.239s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.001s (+87.5% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.785s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.019s	0.000s	2.021s	0.778s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.209s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.603s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.067s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.857s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.875s (+9.6% 🔺)	2.178s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.190s (+2.9%)	0.315s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.903s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.401s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-42.0% 🟢)	2.434s (+15.2% 🔺)	0.531s	25	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.974s	2.224s	0.000s	2.233s	0.260s	27	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.600s	4.164s	0.001s	4.168s	0.567s	15	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.613s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-23.8% 🟢)	4.169s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.556s	15	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.889s (+16.0% 🔺)	6.469s (+20.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-79.6% 🟢)	6.884s (+19.2% 🔺)	1.996s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[karthikscale3]

My only concern with this change is, if it goes through the retry loops, the queue retries after 300seconds and if it goes through 3 full retries, o11y will show that it was stuck in the queue for ~15minutes before either succeeding or failing. This will cause a bit of confusion. Also, should we introduce a run_retrying state to persist this state?

[VaguelySerious]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

[karthikscale3]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

Makes sense and sounds reasonable. I will let @TooTallNate and @pranaygp to weigh in too.

[TooTallNate]

Clean, well-targeted change. The logic is correct:

• On attempts 1–3 (metadata.attempt <= REPLAY_TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES): process.exit(1) without writing run_failed. The message isn't acked, so the queue retries with an incremented attempt counter.
• On attempt 4+: writes run_failed then exits. Same behavior as before this PR.

This is strictly more lenient than the previous behavior (immediate failure on first timeout) — it can only help, not hurt. Transient slowness (e.g., cold start + large event log) that causes a one-off timeout now gets retried instead of permanently failing the run.

The timeout retry budget (3 attempts) is drawn from the same metadata.attempt counter as MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES (48), so messages that have already been retried for other reasons get fewer timeout grace attempts. This is reasonable — a message already at attempt 10 has had plenty of chances.

Changeset is properly scoped.

[ghost]

Backport to stable failed — the cherry-pick had conflicts that could not be resolved automatically.

To resolve manually:

git fetch origin stable
git checkout stable
git cherry-pick 0810b75872e96d8d8aa6e3dbf4236304d57526a7
# Fix conflicts, then:
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin stable

[ghost]

Cherry-pick to stable had conflicts that were resolved by AI. Please review the backport PR: #1756

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0be6831

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	4060	74	687	4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7ATBN010646TM91Z0J2KCN
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS8PWTHZY5VWE8QKWD7T2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASF4Y42CE2P08VZ0X7D32
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASH0JC28PCK6HPBMTTK3Y
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATSTCC6VSSK1YXGGBZ9GT
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASWT4T4DQXDR4GKBEY3NB
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATPFV02AMPASVD8EQYW38
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV2JH6NPWGQDKEX6XV61H
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV6PMF3FHYMWD8ZRYBRFH
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV8KCCPMTHQMF14EWZQT4
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXY172T066FSSN5PAGFF5
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP7B0ZT288MHG76ECCGE27BK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP7B24ZX7E9SZ3YDQA8960S2
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP7B2PQJFD50A1EN4NZSGYG2
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP7B2Y30RDCWW54FE1114HGG
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP7B32MR0MYBZJ8W1E7DSE1T
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP7B34MQEYY51PHK09RYNJ2T
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP7B3DRFR27GFA9WB424H24K
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP7B3TATBNZEB033YWMNANH4
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP7B3YW92J8WK23VPN9QY311
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP7B43AV4WT5XS3RJ47H447R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP7B48Z9N9D5WX8MA3DMY55J
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP7B4ET7WVYX5YRD7JA7Z6N0
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP7B4MDCTHKKP1GYV0S1ANJ0
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B4SWEVRKR1AH0SW74D61C
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP7B52855R8YCC5QB2C0KRFH
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP7B5A6YCVNQ33FJ16S4HS6Q
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5FQRGJJ8KFRXH9TS7HVC
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5R36QBDYXNGT9H1AJ7Z0
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP7B629NGXP35C7HY4R6JGAJ
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP7B6MX876Q5DJGKSRBDXR2H
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP7B6YR4N39DW45XX3HVBKRH
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP7B759XJN18YD8RTVHVWSNB
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP7B789YDM6EEJ3SB370QT0C
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B7D8XA1AK4KWC9M2QFGE1

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.040s (+14.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+4.5%)	1.011s (~)	0.949s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s	1.012s	0.949s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.087s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.922s	10	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.286s (-2.0%)	2.156s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.870s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.007s	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.128s (+2.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.878s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.149s	2.011s	0.862s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.157s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.854s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (+1.9%)	2.025s (+0.8%)	0.857s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.007s (+3.1%)	3.784s (+7.5% 🔺)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.785s	11.024s	0.239s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.915s	11.022s	0.106s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.956s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.071s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.956s (+3.1%)	11.025s (~)	0.069s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.082s (+2.2%)	11.713s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.631s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.107s (~)	19.981s (+1.3%)	1.874s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.650s	15.029s	0.379s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.683s (+0.7%)	15.027s (~)	0.344s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.725s	15.024s	0.300s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.973s (+3.5%)	15.775s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.802s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.998s (+5.5% 🔺)	15.279s (+1.7%)	0.281s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.351s (-5.7% 🟢)	34.063s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.712s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.975s (+0.7%)	14.459s (+3.1%)	0.484s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.094s	14.594s	0.500s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.308s (+1.2%)	15.023s (+0.9%)	0.714s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.138s	17.032s	0.894s	6	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	16.616s (+11.7% 🔺)	17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.415s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	60.403s (+2.8%)	63.120s (+4.3%)	2.717s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.237s	2.009s	0.772s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.246s (-2.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.762s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-1.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.714s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.489s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.516s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.523s	2.006s	0.484s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.491s (-2.9%)	4.120s (-4.7%)	1.628s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.267s (-2.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.742s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.356s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.654s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.419s	3.011s	0.592s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s	3.309s	0.391s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	2.979s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.674s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.695s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.676s (+2.0%)	4.249s (+2.2%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.499s (+1.0%)	4.012s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.500s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.697s	4.012s	0.314s	8	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.775s	8.518s	0.743s	4	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	8.327s (+19.4% 🔺)	9.021s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.694s	4	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.529s (-12.5% 🟢)	5.117s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.588s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.223s	2.009s	0.786s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (+2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.724s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.295s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.711s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.531s	2.006s	0.475s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.537s (+3.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.470s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	78.300s (+3226.4% 🔺)	79.830s (+1858.5% 🔺)	1.531s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.266s (-3.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.743s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.362s (+1.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.648s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.427s	3.009s	0.582s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s	3.454s	0.587s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.967s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.677s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.709s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.131s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.000s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.482s (+1.4%)	4.011s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.495s (+0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.515s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.743s	4.013s	0.270s	8	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.387s	8.768s	0.381s	4	2.41x
💻 Local	Express	8.685s (+18.5% 🔺)	9.523s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.838s	4	2.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.451s (-40.9% 🟢)	5.198s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.747s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.758s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.077s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.319s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.836s (+3.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.171s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.024s	0.181s	59	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.855s	1.004s	0.150s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	1.088s (+57.7% 🔺)	1.276s (+27.0% 🔺)	0.188s	48	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	10.294s (+0.6%)	12.175s (+0.9%)	1.881s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.862s (-4.5%)	2.310s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.448s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.027s (+5.0%)	2.638s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.610s	35	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.078s	2.946s	0.868s	31	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.728s	3.008s	0.279s	30	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	3.024s (+35.5% 🔺)	3.608s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.584s	25	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.544s (-4.7%)	31.759s (-4.2%)	2.214s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.656s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.330s (+2.7%)	0.674s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.155s (+5.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+17.9% 🔺)	0.857s	24	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.214s	5.013s	0.799s	24	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.721s	9.018s	0.297s	14	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	9.221s (+26.3% 🔺)	9.942s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.720s	13	2.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	77.662s (-9.7% 🟢)	79.437s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.775s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.289s (+3.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.717s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.302s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.705s	60	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.579s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.597s	1.022s	0.425s	59	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.027s (+30.9% 🔺)	3.651s (+10.8% 🔺)	1.624s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.462s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.042s (+3.5%)	0.580s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.007s	0.499s	90	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.539s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.469s	90	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	2.512s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.497s	30	5.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.570s	3.009s	0.438s	30	5.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.790s (-1.7%)	4.324s (-4.4%)	1.534s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.804s (+3.1%)	1.241s (+23.3% 🔺)	0.437s	97	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.821s	1.008s	0.187s	120	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.857s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.153s	119	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.866s	11.392s	0.527s	11	13.51x
💻 Local	Express	11.137s (+9.4% 🔺)	11.847s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.711s	11	13.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.896s (-3.4%)	8.526s (-1.3%)	1.630s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.177s	1.003s	0.012s	1.018s	0.840s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (+43.6% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.819s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.202s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.808s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.211s (-1.3%)	0.999s (+0.7%)	0.006s (+293.3% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.803s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.225s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.786s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.512s (+60.1% 🔺)	3.983s (+27.3% 🔺)	0.936s (+14.4% 🔺)	5.423s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.595s (-2.9%)	1.039s (+2.0%)	0.007s (+142.6% 🔺)	1.058s (+2.0%)	0.462s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.656s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.005s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.368s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.027s	0.005s	1.043s	0.364s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	0.822s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.010s (+3.7%)	1.116s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.294s	54	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.867s	1.012s	0.009s	1.229s	0.361s	49	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.975s (+18.9% 🔺)	6.764s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.297s (+33.4% 🔺)	7.484s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.509s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.011s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.195s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+218.0% 🔺)	1.216s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.205s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.019s	1.406s	0.000s	1.429s	0.410s	42	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.047s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.534s (+36.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.549s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.501s	39	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.239s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.001s (+87.5% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.785s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.019s	0.000s	2.021s	0.778s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.209s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.603s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.067s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.857s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.875s (+9.6% 🔺)	2.178s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.190s (+2.9%)	0.315s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.903s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.401s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-42.0% 🟢)	2.434s (+15.2% 🔺)	0.531s	25	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.974s	2.224s	0.000s	2.233s	0.260s	27	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.600s	4.164s	0.001s	4.168s	0.567s	15	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.613s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-23.8% 🟢)	4.169s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.556s	15	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.889s (+16.0% 🔺)	6.469s (+20.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-79.6% 🟢)	6.884s (+19.2% 🔺)	1.996s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[karthikscale3]

My only concern with this change is, if it goes through the retry loops, the queue retries after 300seconds and if it goes through 3 full retries, o11y will show that it was stuck in the queue for ~15minutes before either succeeding or failing. This will cause a bit of confusion. Also, should we introduce a run_retrying state to persist this state?

[VaguelySerious]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

[karthikscale3]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

Makes sense and sounds reasonable. I will let @TooTallNate and @pranaygp to weigh in too.

[TooTallNate]

Clean, well-targeted change. The logic is correct:

• On attempts 1–3 (metadata.attempt <= REPLAY_TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES): process.exit(1) without writing run_failed. The message isn't acked, so the queue retries with an incremented attempt counter.
• On attempt 4+: writes run_failed then exits. Same behavior as before this PR.

This is strictly more lenient than the previous behavior (immediate failure on first timeout) — it can only help, not hurt. Transient slowness (e.g., cold start + large event log) that causes a one-off timeout now gets retried instead of permanently failing the run.

The timeout retry budget (3 attempts) is drawn from the same metadata.attempt counter as MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES (48), so messages that have already been retried for other reasons get fewer timeout grace attempts. This is reasonable — a message already at attempt 10 has had plenty of chances.

Changeset is properly scoped.

[ghost]

Backport to stable failed — the cherry-pick had conflicts that could not be resolved automatically.

To resolve manually:

git fetch origin stable
git checkout stable
git cherry-pick 0810b75872e96d8d8aa6e3dbf4236304d57526a7
# Fix conflicts, then:
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin stable

[ghost]

Cherry-pick to stable had conflicts that were resolved by AI. Please review the backport PR: #1756

[VaguelySerious]

No description provided.

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 15, 2026 1:08am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0be6831

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 17 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	923	0	67	990
✅ 💻 Local Development	898	0	182	1080
✅ 📦 Local Production	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	898	0	182	1080
✅ 🪟 Windows	82	0	8	90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	133	74	24	231
✅ 📋 Other	228	0	42	270
Total	4060	74	687	4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

redis (7 failed):

• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M

turso (60 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS1TVT6N4PFJZ0VQPEY9G
• wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP7ATBN010646TM91Z0J2KCN
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AS8PWTHZY5VWE8QKWD7T2
• promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASF4Y42CE2P08VZ0X7D32
• promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASH0JC28PCK6HPBMTTK3Y
• importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATSTCC6VSSK1YXGGBZ9GT
• hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ASWT4T4DQXDR4GKBEY3NB
• hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP7AT7R8NG1ZA8WBXM8X07W6
• webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATGQMDS94H0B0M2NHG8C3
• sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP7ATPFV02AMPASVD8EQYW38
• parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV2JH6NPWGQDKEX6XV61H
• nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV6PMF3FHYMWD8ZRYBRFH
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AV8KCCPMTHQMF14EWZQT4
• fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXTJ76W52QXC3560VM0WD
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP7AXY172T066FSSN5PAGFF5
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
• error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP7B0ZT288MHG76ECCGE27BK
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP7B1JB8WXRMM9KTCDV63PR8
• hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP7B24ZX7E9SZ3YDQA8960S2
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP7B2PQJFD50A1EN4NZSGYG2
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP7B2Y30RDCWW54FE1114HGG
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP7B32MR0MYBZJ8W1E7DSE1T
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP7B34MQEYY51PHK09RYNJ2T
• runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP7B3DRFR27GFA9WB424H24K
• health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP7B3TATBNZEB033YWMNANH4
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP7B3YW92J8WK23VPN9QY311
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP7B43AV4WT5XS3RJ47H447R
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP7B48Z9N9D5WX8MA3DMY55J
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP7B4ET7WVYX5YRD7JA7Z6N0
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP7B4MDCTHKKP1GYV0S1ANJ0
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B4SWEVRKR1AH0SW74D61C
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP7B52855R8YCC5QB2C0KRFH
• stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP7B5A6YCVNQ33FJ16S4HS6Q
• cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5FQRGJJ8KFRXH9TS7HVC
• cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP7B5R36QBDYXNGT9H1AJ7Z0
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
• hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP7B629NGXP35C7HY4R6JGAJ
• sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP7B6MX876Q5DJGKSRBDXR2H
• sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP7B6YR4N39DW45XX3HVBKRH
• importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP7B759XJN18YD8RTVHVWSNB
• metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP7B789YDM6EEJ3SB370QT0C
• resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP7B7A7QYJ3HB65YQQMP7P9M
• getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP7B7D8XA1AK4KWC9M2QFGE1

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	83	0	7
✅ example	83	0	7
✅ express	83	0	7
✅ fastify	83	0	7
✅ hono	83	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	88	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	88	0	2
✅ nitro	83	0	7
✅ nuxt	83	0	7
✅ sveltekit	83	0	7
✅ vite	83	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	76	0	14
✅ express-stable	76	0	14
✅ fastify-stable	76	0	14
✅ hono-stable	76	0	14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	63	0	27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	82	0	8
✅ nitro-stable	76	0	14
✅ nuxt-stable	76	0	14
✅ sveltekit-stable	76	0	14
✅ vite-stable	76	0	14

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	82	0	8

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	6	0	0
❌ mongodb	56	7	8
✅ redis-dev	6	0	0
❌ redis	56	7	8
✅ turso-dev	6	0	0
❌ turso	3	60	8

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	76	0	14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	76	0	14

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.040s (+14.2% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.050s	1.005s	0.955s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (+4.5%)	1.011s (~)	0.949s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.063s	1.012s	0.949s	10	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.087s (+35.8% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.922s	10	2.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.286s (-2.0%)	2.156s (-13.0% 🟢)	1.870s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.007s	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.128s (+2.6%)	2.005s (~)	0.878s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.149s	2.011s	0.862s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.157s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.854s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (+1.9%)	2.025s (+0.8%)	0.857s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.007s (+3.1%)	3.784s (+7.5% 🔺)	1.777s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.785s	11.024s	0.239s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.915s	11.022s	0.106s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.956s (~)	11.027s (~)	0.071s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.956s (+3.1%)	11.025s (~)	0.069s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.082s (+2.2%)	11.713s (+6.3% 🔺)	0.631s	3	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.107s (~)	19.981s (+1.3%)	1.874s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	14.650s	15.029s	0.379s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.683s (+0.7%)	15.027s (~)	0.344s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.725s	15.024s	0.300s	4	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	14.973s (+3.5%)	15.775s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.802s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	14.998s (+5.5% 🔺)	15.279s (+1.7%)	0.281s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	32.351s (-5.7% 🟢)	34.063s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.712s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.975s (+0.7%)	14.459s (+3.1%)	0.484s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.094s	14.594s	0.500s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.308s (+1.2%)	15.023s (+0.9%)	0.714s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.138s	17.032s	0.894s	6	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	16.616s (+11.7% 🔺)	17.031s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.415s	6	1.19x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	60.403s (+2.8%)	63.120s (+4.3%)	2.717s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.237s	2.009s	0.772s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.246s (-2.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.762s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-1.0%)	2.010s (~)	0.714s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.489s (+1.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.516s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.523s	2.006s	0.484s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.491s (-2.9%)	4.120s (-4.7%)	1.628s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.267s (-2.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.742s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.356s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.654s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.419s	3.011s	0.592s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s	3.309s	0.391s	10	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	2.979s (+8.0% 🔺)	3.674s (+18.2% 🔺)	0.695s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.676s (+2.0%)	4.249s (+2.2%)	1.574s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.499s (+1.0%)	4.012s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.500s (~)	4.013s (~)	0.513s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.697s	4.012s	0.314s	8	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.775s	8.518s	0.743s	4	2.22x
💻 Local	Express	8.327s (+19.4% 🔺)	9.021s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.694s	4	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.529s (-12.5% 🟢)	5.117s (-8.1% 🟢)	1.588s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.223s	2.009s	0.786s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.286s (+2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.724s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.295s (+2.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.711s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.531s	2.006s	0.475s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.537s (+3.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.470s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	78.300s (+3226.4% 🔺)	79.830s (+1858.5% 🔺)	1.531s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.266s (-3.2%)	3.009s (~)	0.743s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.362s (+1.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.648s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.427s	3.009s	0.582s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.866s	3.454s	0.587s	9	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.967s (+12.1% 🔺)	3.677s (+22.2% 🔺)	0.709s	9	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.131s (+20.8% 🔺)	5.000s (+23.4% 🔺)	1.869s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.482s (+1.4%)	4.011s (~)	0.529s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.495s (+0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.515s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.743s	4.013s	0.270s	8	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.387s	8.768s	0.381s	4	2.41x
💻 Local	Express	8.685s (+18.5% 🔺)	9.523s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.838s	4	2.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.451s (-40.9% 🟢)	5.198s (-29.2% 🟢)	1.747s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.758s (-9.5% 🟢)	1.077s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.319s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.836s (+3.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.171s	60	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.843s	1.024s	0.181s	59	1.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.855s	1.004s	0.150s	60	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	1.088s (+57.7% 🔺)	1.276s (+27.0% 🔺)	0.188s	48	1.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	10.294s (+0.6%)	12.175s (+0.9%)	1.881s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.862s (-4.5%)	2.310s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.448s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.027s (+5.0%)	2.638s (+24.2% 🔺)	0.610s	35	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.078s	2.946s	0.868s	31	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.728s	3.008s	0.279s	30	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	3.024s (+35.5% 🔺)	3.608s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.584s	25	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.544s (-4.7%)	31.759s (-4.2%)	2.214s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.656s (-7.0% 🟢)	4.330s (+2.7%)	0.674s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.155s (+5.1% 🔺)	5.012s (+17.9% 🔺)	0.857s	24	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.214s	5.013s	0.799s	24	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.721s	9.018s	0.297s	14	2.39x
💻 Local	Express	9.221s (+26.3% 🔺)	9.942s (+24.0% 🔺)	0.720s	13	2.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	77.662s (-9.7% 🟢)	79.437s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.775s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.256s	1.008s	0.751s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.289s (+3.8%)	1.006s (~)	0.717s	60	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.302s (+8.6% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.705s	60	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.579s (+5.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.26x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.597s	1.022s	0.425s	59	2.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.027s (+30.9% 🔺)	3.651s (+10.8% 🔺)	1.624s	17	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.462s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.042s (+3.5%)	0.580s	87	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.007s	0.499s	90	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.539s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.469s	90	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	2.512s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.008s (~)	0.497s	30	5.44x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.570s	3.009s	0.438s	30	5.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.790s (-1.7%)	4.324s (-4.4%)	1.534s	21	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.804s (+3.1%)	1.241s (+23.3% 🔺)	0.437s	97	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.821s	1.008s	0.187s	120	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.857s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.010s (~)	0.153s	119	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.866s	11.392s	0.527s	11	13.51x
💻 Local	Express	11.137s (+9.4% 🔺)	11.847s (+10.8% 🔺)	0.711s	11	13.85x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.896s (-3.4%)	8.526s (-1.3%)	1.630s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.177s	1.003s	0.012s	1.018s	0.840s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.199s (+43.6% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.012s (+20.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.819s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.202s	1.001s	0.002s	1.010s	0.808s	10	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.211s (-1.3%)	0.999s (+0.7%)	0.006s (+293.3% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.803s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.225s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.997s (~)	0.002s (+100.0% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.786s	10	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.512s (+60.1% 🔺)	3.983s (+27.3% 🔺)	0.936s (+14.4% 🔺)	5.423s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.911s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.595s (-2.9%)	1.039s (+2.0%)	0.007s (+142.6% 🔺)	1.058s (+2.0%)	0.462s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.656s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.005s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.024s (~)	0.368s	59	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.679s	1.027s	0.005s	1.043s	0.364s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	0.822s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.010s (+3.7%)	1.116s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.294s	54	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.867s	1.012s	0.009s	1.229s	0.361s	49	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.975s (+18.9% 🔺)	6.764s (+21.6% 🔺)	0.297s (+33.4% 🔺)	7.484s (+20.7% 🔺)	2.509s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.011s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.195s (+6.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+218.0% 🔺)	1.216s (+5.8% 🔺)	0.205s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.019s	1.406s	0.000s	1.429s	0.410s	42	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.047s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.534s (+36.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.549s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.501s	39	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.239s (+8.6% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.001s (+87.5% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.785s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.243s	2.019s	0.000s	2.021s	0.778s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.209s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.603s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.067s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.857s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.875s (+9.6% 🔺)	2.178s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.190s (+2.9%)	0.315s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.903s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.401s (+14.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-42.0% 🟢)	2.434s (+15.2% 🔺)	0.531s	25	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.974s	2.224s	0.000s	2.233s	0.260s	27	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.600s	4.164s	0.001s	4.168s	0.567s	15	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.613s (+5.3% 🔺)	4.167s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (-23.8% 🟢)	4.169s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.556s	15	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.889s (+16.0% 🔺)	6.469s (+20.1% 🔺)	0.000s (-79.6% 🟢)	6.884s (+19.2% 🔺)	1.996s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	11/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: cancelled
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[karthikscale3]

My only concern with this change is, if it goes through the retry loops, the queue retries after 300seconds and if it goes through 3 full retries, o11y will show that it was stuck in the queue for ~15minutes before either succeeding or failing. This will cause a bit of confusion. Also, should we introduce a run_retrying state to persist this state?

[VaguelySerious]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

[karthikscale3]

@karthikscale3 This would only happen for runs which get stuck, so it shouldn't be a common occurrence, and it's better than failing due to a single delayed replay (if it's temporary, and the second would work)

Makes sense and sounds reasonable. I will let @TooTallNate and @pranaygp to weigh in too.

[TooTallNate]

Clean, well-targeted change. The logic is correct:

• On attempts 1–3 (metadata.attempt <= REPLAY_TIMEOUT_MAX_RETRIES): process.exit(1) without writing run_failed. The message isn't acked, so the queue retries with an incremented attempt counter.
• On attempt 4+: writes run_failed then exits. Same behavior as before this PR.

This is strictly more lenient than the previous behavior (immediate failure on first timeout) — it can only help, not hurt. Transient slowness (e.g., cold start + large event log) that causes a one-off timeout now gets retried instead of permanently failing the run.

The timeout retry budget (3 attempts) is drawn from the same metadata.attempt counter as MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES (48), so messages that have already been retried for other reasons get fewer timeout grace attempts. This is reasonable — a message already at attempt 10 has had plenty of chances.

Changeset is properly scoped.

[ghost]

Backport to stable failed — the cherry-pick had conflicts that could not be resolved automatically.

To resolve manually:

git fetch origin stable
git checkout stable
git cherry-pick 0810b75872e96d8d8aa6e3dbf4236304d57526a7
# Fix conflicts, then:
git cherry-pick --continue
git push origin stable

[ghost]

Cherry-pick to stable had conflicts that were resolved by AI. Please review the backport PR: #1756