docs: tighten changeset description guidance in AGENTS.md

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Specify that changeset descriptions should be one sentence, or two at most
• Remove the redundant "BREAKING CHANGE" marker guidance since breaking changes are already communicated via the major semver bump

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 46fecf5

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.037s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.041s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.010s (-3.1%)	0.948s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.69x

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.102s (-2.6%)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.143s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.863s	10	1.04x

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.766s (-1.6%)	11.021s (~)	0.255s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.901s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.120s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.943s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.958s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.064s	3	1.02x

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.559s (~)	15.027s (~)	0.468s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.574s (-3.2%)	15.028s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.454s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.588s (~)	15.026s (~)	0.438s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	14.968s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.061s	4	1.03x

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.976s (~)	14.449s (-1.0%)	0.473s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.288s (+2.3%)	15.026s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.738s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.268s (-9.0% 🟢)	16.028s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.760s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	16.408s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.623s	6	1.17x

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.754s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.292s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.717s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (-12.6% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.579s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.485s	15	1.21x

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.332s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.389s (+1.6%)	3.012s (~)	0.623s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.555s (-18.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.453s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.745s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.262s	10	1.18x

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.543s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.496s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.513s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.026s (-27.8% 🟢)	6.815s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.788s	5	1.74x
💻 Local	Express	7.502s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.021s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.16x

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.753s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.280s (+1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.727s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.600s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.405s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.828s (-2.0%)	2.391s (+2.1%)	0.562s	13	1.46x

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.323s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.688s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.338s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.673s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.476s (-19.2% 🟢)	3.017s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.541s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	2.819s (-10.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-20.1% 🟢)	0.188s	10	1.21x

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.539s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.501s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.510s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.056s (-22.8% 🟢)	7.787s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.730s	4	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	7.960s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.523s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.562s	4	2.29x

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.815s (-2.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.191s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.822s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.184s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.854s (-12.9% 🟢)	1.038s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.184s	58	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.030s (+4.7%)	1.611s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.580s	38	1.26x

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.913s (-3.2%)	2.123s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.210s	43	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.969s (+2.2%)	2.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.338s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.621s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.111s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.490s	29	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	3.072s (+1.9%)	4.009s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.937s	23	1.61x

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.899s (-2.3%)	4.076s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.177s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.042s (-1.5%)	4.781s (+3.8%)	0.739s	26	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.562s (-18.7% 🟢)	8.080s (-19.4% 🟢)	0.519s	15	1.94x
💻 Local	Express	8.912s (-3.2%)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.413s	13	2.29x

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.288s (+2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.718s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.290s (+2.4%)	1.007s (~)	0.717s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.535s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.488s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.555s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.449s	60	1.93x

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.492s (-0.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.497s (-2.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.510s	90	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.097s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.888s (-4.0%)	0.792s	32	4.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.437s (-3.0%)	3.009s (~)	0.572s	30	4.95x

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.788s (-3.7%)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.219s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.797s (+0.8%)	1.016s (+0.9%)	0.220s	119	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.207s (-17.7% 🟢)	9.945s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.738s	13	11.68x
💻 Local	Express	10.639s (-4.9%)	11.027s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.388s	11	13.50x

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.203s (-1.1%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.808s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.209s (+4.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-18.2% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.807s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.210s (+2.3%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.800s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.213s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.008s (-39.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.6%)	0.800s	10	1.05x

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.607s (-3.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (+3.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.415s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.627s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.004s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.394s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.660s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.010s (+3.5%)	1.022s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.362s	59	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.855s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.012s (-1.6%)	0.009s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.116s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.261s	54	1.41x

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.941s (-2.9%)	1.240s (-0.6%)	0.000s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.254s (~)	0.313s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (~)	1.211s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.228s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.264s	50	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.070s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.865s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+293.9% 🔺)	1.866s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.796s	33	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.214s (-0.9%)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-20.0% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.809s	30	1.29x

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.727s (-2.6%)	2.064s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.081s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.354s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.774s (-1.0%)	2.137s (~)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.148s (-1.2%)	0.375s	29	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.314s (-2.2%)	3.593s (-10.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-29.7% 🟢)	3.908s (-3.2%)	0.594s	16	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.675s (+6.0% 🔺)	4.035s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.395s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.720s	14	2.13x

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	989	0	67	1056
✅ 💻 Local Development	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 📦 Local Production	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🪟 Windows	96	0	0	96
✅ 📋 Other	270	0	18	288
Total	4553	0	343	4896

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	89	0	7
✅ example	89	0	7
✅ express	89	0	7
✅ fastify	89	0	7
✅ hono	89	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	94	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	94	0	2
✅ nitro	89	0	7
✅ nuxt	89	0	7
✅ sveltekit	89	0	7
✅ vite	89	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	96	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	90	0	6

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates contributor guidance in AGENTS.md to make changeset descriptions more concise and to simplify breaking-change signaling in changesets.

Changes:

• Tighten changeset description guidance to one sentence (two max).
• Remove guidance about adding a **BREAKING CHANGE** marker in changeset descriptions.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Specify that changeset descriptions should be one sentence, or two at most
• Remove the redundant "BREAKING CHANGE" marker guidance since breaking changes are already communicated via the major semver bump

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 46fecf5

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.037s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.041s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.010s (-3.1%)	0.948s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.69x

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.102s (-2.6%)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.143s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.863s	10	1.04x

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.766s (-1.6%)	11.021s (~)	0.255s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.901s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.120s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.943s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.958s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.064s	3	1.02x

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.559s (~)	15.027s (~)	0.468s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.574s (-3.2%)	15.028s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.454s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.588s (~)	15.026s (~)	0.438s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	14.968s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.061s	4	1.03x

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.976s (~)	14.449s (-1.0%)	0.473s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.288s (+2.3%)	15.026s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.738s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.268s (-9.0% 🟢)	16.028s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.760s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	16.408s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.623s	6	1.17x

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.754s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.292s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.717s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (-12.6% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.579s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.485s	15	1.21x

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.332s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.389s (+1.6%)	3.012s (~)	0.623s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.555s (-18.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.453s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.745s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.262s	10	1.18x

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.543s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.496s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.513s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.026s (-27.8% 🟢)	6.815s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.788s	5	1.74x
💻 Local	Express	7.502s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.021s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.16x

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.753s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.280s (+1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.727s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.600s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.405s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.828s (-2.0%)	2.391s (+2.1%)	0.562s	13	1.46x

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.323s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.688s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.338s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.673s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.476s (-19.2% 🟢)	3.017s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.541s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	2.819s (-10.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-20.1% 🟢)	0.188s	10	1.21x

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.539s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.501s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.510s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.056s (-22.8% 🟢)	7.787s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.730s	4	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	7.960s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.523s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.562s	4	2.29x

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.815s (-2.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.191s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.822s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.184s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.854s (-12.9% 🟢)	1.038s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.184s	58	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.030s (+4.7%)	1.611s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.580s	38	1.26x

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.913s (-3.2%)	2.123s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.210s	43	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.969s (+2.2%)	2.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.338s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.621s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.111s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.490s	29	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	3.072s (+1.9%)	4.009s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.937s	23	1.61x

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.899s (-2.3%)	4.076s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.177s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.042s (-1.5%)	4.781s (+3.8%)	0.739s	26	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.562s (-18.7% 🟢)	8.080s (-19.4% 🟢)	0.519s	15	1.94x
💻 Local	Express	8.912s (-3.2%)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.413s	13	2.29x

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.288s (+2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.718s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.290s (+2.4%)	1.007s (~)	0.717s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.535s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.488s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.555s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.449s	60	1.93x

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.492s (-0.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.497s (-2.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.510s	90	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.097s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.888s (-4.0%)	0.792s	32	4.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.437s (-3.0%)	3.009s (~)	0.572s	30	4.95x

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.788s (-3.7%)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.219s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.797s (+0.8%)	1.016s (+0.9%)	0.220s	119	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.207s (-17.7% 🟢)	9.945s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.738s	13	11.68x
💻 Local	Express	10.639s (-4.9%)	11.027s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.388s	11	13.50x

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.203s (-1.1%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.808s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.209s (+4.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-18.2% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.807s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.210s (+2.3%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.800s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.213s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.008s (-39.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.6%)	0.800s	10	1.05x

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.607s (-3.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (+3.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.415s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.627s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.004s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.394s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.660s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.010s (+3.5%)	1.022s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.362s	59	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.855s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.012s (-1.6%)	0.009s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.116s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.261s	54	1.41x

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.941s (-2.9%)	1.240s (-0.6%)	0.000s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.254s (~)	0.313s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (~)	1.211s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.228s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.264s	50	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.070s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.865s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+293.9% 🔺)	1.866s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.796s	33	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.214s (-0.9%)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-20.0% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.809s	30	1.29x

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.727s (-2.6%)	2.064s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.081s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.354s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.774s (-1.0%)	2.137s (~)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.148s (-1.2%)	0.375s	29	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.314s (-2.2%)	3.593s (-10.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-29.7% 🟢)	3.908s (-3.2%)	0.594s	16	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.675s (+6.0% 🔺)	4.035s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.395s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.720s	14	2.13x

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	989	0	67	1056
✅ 💻 Local Development	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 📦 Local Production	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🪟 Windows	96	0	0	96
✅ 📋 Other	270	0	18	288
Total	4553	0	343	4896

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	89	0	7
✅ example	89	0	7
✅ express	89	0	7
✅ fastify	89	0	7
✅ hono	89	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	94	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	94	0	2
✅ nitro	89	0	7
✅ nuxt	89	0	7
✅ sveltekit	89	0	7
✅ vite	89	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	96	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	90	0	6

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates contributor guidance in AGENTS.md to make changeset descriptions more concise and to simplify breaking-change signaling in changesets.

Changes:

• Tighten changeset description guidance to one sentence (two max).
• Remove guidance about adding a **BREAKING CHANGE** marker in changeset descriptions.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Specify that changeset descriptions should be one sentence, or two at most
• Remove the redundant "BREAKING CHANGE" marker guidance since breaking changes are already communicated via the major semver bump

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 46fecf5

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.037s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.041s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.010s (-3.1%)	0.948s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.69x

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.102s (-2.6%)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.143s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.863s	10	1.04x

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.766s (-1.6%)	11.021s (~)	0.255s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.901s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.120s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.943s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.958s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.064s	3	1.02x

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.559s (~)	15.027s (~)	0.468s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.574s (-3.2%)	15.028s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.454s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.588s (~)	15.026s (~)	0.438s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	14.968s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.061s	4	1.03x

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.976s (~)	14.449s (-1.0%)	0.473s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.288s (+2.3%)	15.026s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.738s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.268s (-9.0% 🟢)	16.028s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.760s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	16.408s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.623s	6	1.17x

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.754s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.292s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.717s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (-12.6% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.579s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.485s	15	1.21x

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.332s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.389s (+1.6%)	3.012s (~)	0.623s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.555s (-18.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.453s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.745s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.262s	10	1.18x

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.543s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.496s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.513s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.026s (-27.8% 🟢)	6.815s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.788s	5	1.74x
💻 Local	Express	7.502s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.021s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.16x

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.753s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.280s (+1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.727s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.600s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.405s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.828s (-2.0%)	2.391s (+2.1%)	0.562s	13	1.46x

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.323s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.688s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.338s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.673s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.476s (-19.2% 🟢)	3.017s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.541s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	2.819s (-10.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-20.1% 🟢)	0.188s	10	1.21x

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.539s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.501s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.510s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.056s (-22.8% 🟢)	7.787s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.730s	4	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	7.960s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.523s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.562s	4	2.29x

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.815s (-2.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.191s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.822s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.184s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.854s (-12.9% 🟢)	1.038s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.184s	58	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.030s (+4.7%)	1.611s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.580s	38	1.26x

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.913s (-3.2%)	2.123s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.210s	43	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.969s (+2.2%)	2.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.338s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.621s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.111s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.490s	29	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	3.072s (+1.9%)	4.009s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.937s	23	1.61x

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.899s (-2.3%)	4.076s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.177s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.042s (-1.5%)	4.781s (+3.8%)	0.739s	26	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.562s (-18.7% 🟢)	8.080s (-19.4% 🟢)	0.519s	15	1.94x
💻 Local	Express	8.912s (-3.2%)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.413s	13	2.29x

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.288s (+2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.718s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.290s (+2.4%)	1.007s (~)	0.717s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.535s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.488s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.555s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.449s	60	1.93x

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.492s (-0.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.497s (-2.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.510s	90	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.097s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.888s (-4.0%)	0.792s	32	4.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.437s (-3.0%)	3.009s (~)	0.572s	30	4.95x

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.788s (-3.7%)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.219s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.797s (+0.8%)	1.016s (+0.9%)	0.220s	119	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.207s (-17.7% 🟢)	9.945s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.738s	13	11.68x
💻 Local	Express	10.639s (-4.9%)	11.027s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.388s	11	13.50x

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.203s (-1.1%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.808s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.209s (+4.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-18.2% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.807s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.210s (+2.3%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.800s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.213s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.008s (-39.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.6%)	0.800s	10	1.05x

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.607s (-3.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (+3.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.415s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.627s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.004s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.394s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.660s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.010s (+3.5%)	1.022s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.362s	59	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.855s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.012s (-1.6%)	0.009s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.116s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.261s	54	1.41x

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.941s (-2.9%)	1.240s (-0.6%)	0.000s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.254s (~)	0.313s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (~)	1.211s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.228s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.264s	50	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.070s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.865s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+293.9% 🔺)	1.866s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.796s	33	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.214s (-0.9%)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-20.0% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.809s	30	1.29x

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.727s (-2.6%)	2.064s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.081s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.354s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.774s (-1.0%)	2.137s (~)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.148s (-1.2%)	0.375s	29	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.314s (-2.2%)	3.593s (-10.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-29.7% 🟢)	3.908s (-3.2%)	0.594s	16	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.675s (+6.0% 🔺)	4.035s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.395s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.720s	14	2.13x

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	989	0	67	1056
✅ 💻 Local Development	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 📦 Local Production	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🪟 Windows	96	0	0	96
✅ 📋 Other	270	0	18	288
Total	4553	0	343	4896

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	89	0	7
✅ example	89	0	7
✅ express	89	0	7
✅ fastify	89	0	7
✅ hono	89	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	94	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	94	0	2
✅ nitro	89	0	7
✅ nuxt	89	0	7
✅ sveltekit	89	0	7
✅ vite	89	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	96	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	90	0	6

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates contributor guidance in AGENTS.md to make changeset descriptions more concise and to simplify breaking-change signaling in changesets.

Changes:

• Tighten changeset description guidance to one sentence (two max).
• Remove guidance about adding a **BREAKING CHANGE** marker in changeset descriptions.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Specify that changeset descriptions should be one sentence, or two at most
• Remove the redundant "BREAKING CHANGE" marker guidance since breaking changes are already communicated via the major semver bump

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 46fecf5

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.037s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.041s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.010s (-3.1%)	0.948s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.69x

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.102s (-2.6%)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.143s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.863s	10	1.04x

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.766s (-1.6%)	11.021s (~)	0.255s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.901s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.120s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.943s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.958s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.064s	3	1.02x

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.559s (~)	15.027s (~)	0.468s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.574s (-3.2%)	15.028s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.454s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.588s (~)	15.026s (~)	0.438s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	14.968s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.061s	4	1.03x

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.976s (~)	14.449s (-1.0%)	0.473s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.288s (+2.3%)	15.026s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.738s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.268s (-9.0% 🟢)	16.028s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.760s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	16.408s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.623s	6	1.17x

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.754s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.292s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.717s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (-12.6% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.579s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.485s	15	1.21x

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.332s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.389s (+1.6%)	3.012s (~)	0.623s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.555s (-18.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.453s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.745s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.262s	10	1.18x

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.543s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.496s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.513s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.026s (-27.8% 🟢)	6.815s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.788s	5	1.74x
💻 Local	Express	7.502s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.021s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.16x

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.753s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.280s (+1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.727s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.600s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.405s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.828s (-2.0%)	2.391s (+2.1%)	0.562s	13	1.46x

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.323s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.688s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.338s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.673s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.476s (-19.2% 🟢)	3.017s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.541s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	2.819s (-10.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-20.1% 🟢)	0.188s	10	1.21x

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.539s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.501s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.510s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.056s (-22.8% 🟢)	7.787s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.730s	4	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	7.960s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.523s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.562s	4	2.29x

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.815s (-2.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.191s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.822s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.184s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.854s (-12.9% 🟢)	1.038s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.184s	58	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.030s (+4.7%)	1.611s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.580s	38	1.26x

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.913s (-3.2%)	2.123s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.210s	43	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.969s (+2.2%)	2.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.338s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.621s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.111s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.490s	29	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	3.072s (+1.9%)	4.009s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.937s	23	1.61x

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.899s (-2.3%)	4.076s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.177s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.042s (-1.5%)	4.781s (+3.8%)	0.739s	26	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.562s (-18.7% 🟢)	8.080s (-19.4% 🟢)	0.519s	15	1.94x
💻 Local	Express	8.912s (-3.2%)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.413s	13	2.29x

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.288s (+2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.718s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.290s (+2.4%)	1.007s (~)	0.717s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.535s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.488s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.555s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.449s	60	1.93x

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.492s (-0.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.497s (-2.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.510s	90	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.097s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.888s (-4.0%)	0.792s	32	4.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.437s (-3.0%)	3.009s (~)	0.572s	30	4.95x

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.788s (-3.7%)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.219s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.797s (+0.8%)	1.016s (+0.9%)	0.220s	119	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.207s (-17.7% 🟢)	9.945s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.738s	13	11.68x
💻 Local	Express	10.639s (-4.9%)	11.027s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.388s	11	13.50x

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.203s (-1.1%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.808s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.209s (+4.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-18.2% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.807s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.210s (+2.3%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.800s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.213s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.008s (-39.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.6%)	0.800s	10	1.05x

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.607s (-3.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (+3.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.415s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.627s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.004s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.394s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.660s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.010s (+3.5%)	1.022s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.362s	59	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.855s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.012s (-1.6%)	0.009s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.116s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.261s	54	1.41x

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.941s (-2.9%)	1.240s (-0.6%)	0.000s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.254s (~)	0.313s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (~)	1.211s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.228s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.264s	50	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.070s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.865s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+293.9% 🔺)	1.866s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.796s	33	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.214s (-0.9%)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-20.0% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.809s	30	1.29x

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.727s (-2.6%)	2.064s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.081s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.354s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.774s (-1.0%)	2.137s (~)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.148s (-1.2%)	0.375s	29	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.314s (-2.2%)	3.593s (-10.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-29.7% 🟢)	3.908s (-3.2%)	0.594s	16	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.675s (+6.0% 🔺)	4.035s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.395s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.720s	14	2.13x

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	989	0	67	1056
✅ 💻 Local Development	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 📦 Local Production	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🪟 Windows	96	0	0	96
✅ 📋 Other	270	0	18	288
Total	4553	0	343	4896

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	89	0	7
✅ example	89	0	7
✅ express	89	0	7
✅ fastify	89	0	7
✅ hono	89	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	94	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	94	0	2
✅ nitro	89	0	7
✅ nuxt	89	0	7
✅ sveltekit	89	0	7
✅ vite	89	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	96	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	90	0	6

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates contributor guidance in AGENTS.md to make changeset descriptions more concise and to simplify breaking-change signaling in changesets.

Changes:

• Tighten changeset description guidance to one sentence (two max).
• Remove guidance about adding a **BREAKING CHANGE** marker in changeset descriptions.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Specify that changeset descriptions should be one sentence, or two at most
• Remove the redundant "BREAKING CHANGE" marker guidance since breaking changes are already communicated via the major semver bump

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 46fecf5

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.037s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.041s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.010s (-3.1%)	0.948s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.69x

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.102s (-2.6%)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.143s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.863s	10	1.04x

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.766s (-1.6%)	11.021s (~)	0.255s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.901s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.120s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.943s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.958s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.064s	3	1.02x

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.559s (~)	15.027s (~)	0.468s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.574s (-3.2%)	15.028s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.454s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.588s (~)	15.026s (~)	0.438s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	14.968s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.061s	4	1.03x

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.976s (~)	14.449s (-1.0%)	0.473s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.288s (+2.3%)	15.026s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.738s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.268s (-9.0% 🟢)	16.028s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.760s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	16.408s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.623s	6	1.17x

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.754s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.292s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.717s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (-12.6% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.579s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.485s	15	1.21x

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.332s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.389s (+1.6%)	3.012s (~)	0.623s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.555s (-18.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.453s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.745s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.262s	10	1.18x

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.543s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.496s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.513s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.026s (-27.8% 🟢)	6.815s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.788s	5	1.74x
💻 Local	Express	7.502s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.021s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.16x

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.753s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.280s (+1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.727s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.600s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.405s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.828s (-2.0%)	2.391s (+2.1%)	0.562s	13	1.46x

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.323s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.688s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.338s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.673s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.476s (-19.2% 🟢)	3.017s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.541s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	2.819s (-10.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-20.1% 🟢)	0.188s	10	1.21x

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.539s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.501s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.510s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.056s (-22.8% 🟢)	7.787s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.730s	4	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	7.960s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.523s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.562s	4	2.29x

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.815s (-2.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.191s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.822s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.184s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.854s (-12.9% 🟢)	1.038s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.184s	58	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.030s (+4.7%)	1.611s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.580s	38	1.26x

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.913s (-3.2%)	2.123s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.210s	43	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.969s (+2.2%)	2.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.338s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.621s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.111s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.490s	29	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	3.072s (+1.9%)	4.009s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.937s	23	1.61x

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.899s (-2.3%)	4.076s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.177s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.042s (-1.5%)	4.781s (+3.8%)	0.739s	26	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.562s (-18.7% 🟢)	8.080s (-19.4% 🟢)	0.519s	15	1.94x
💻 Local	Express	8.912s (-3.2%)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.413s	13	2.29x

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.288s (+2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.718s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.290s (+2.4%)	1.007s (~)	0.717s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.535s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.488s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.555s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.449s	60	1.93x

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.492s (-0.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.497s (-2.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.510s	90	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.097s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.888s (-4.0%)	0.792s	32	4.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.437s (-3.0%)	3.009s (~)	0.572s	30	4.95x

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.788s (-3.7%)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.219s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.797s (+0.8%)	1.016s (+0.9%)	0.220s	119	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.207s (-17.7% 🟢)	9.945s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.738s	13	11.68x
💻 Local	Express	10.639s (-4.9%)	11.027s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.388s	11	13.50x

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.203s (-1.1%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.808s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.209s (+4.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-18.2% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.807s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.210s (+2.3%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.800s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.213s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.008s (-39.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.6%)	0.800s	10	1.05x

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.607s (-3.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (+3.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.415s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.627s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.004s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.394s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.660s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.010s (+3.5%)	1.022s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.362s	59	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.855s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.012s (-1.6%)	0.009s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.116s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.261s	54	1.41x

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.941s (-2.9%)	1.240s (-0.6%)	0.000s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.254s (~)	0.313s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (~)	1.211s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.228s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.264s	50	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.070s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.865s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+293.9% 🔺)	1.866s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.796s	33	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.214s (-0.9%)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-20.0% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.809s	30	1.29x

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.727s (-2.6%)	2.064s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.081s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.354s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.774s (-1.0%)	2.137s (~)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.148s (-1.2%)	0.375s	29	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.314s (-2.2%)	3.593s (-10.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-29.7% 🟢)	3.908s (-3.2%)	0.594s	16	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.675s (+6.0% 🔺)	4.035s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.395s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.720s	14	2.13x

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	989	0	67	1056
✅ 💻 Local Development	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 📦 Local Production	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🪟 Windows	96	0	0	96
✅ 📋 Other	270	0	18	288
Total	4553	0	343	4896

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	89	0	7
✅ example	89	0	7
✅ express	89	0	7
✅ fastify	89	0	7
✅ hono	89	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	94	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	94	0	2
✅ nitro	89	0	7
✅ nuxt	89	0	7
✅ sveltekit	89	0	7
✅ vite	89	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	96	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	90	0	6

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates contributor guidance in AGENTS.md to make changeset descriptions more concise and to simplify breaking-change signaling in changesets.

Changes:

• Tighten changeset description guidance to one sentence (two max).
• Remove guidance about adding a **BREAKING CHANGE** marker in changeset descriptions.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Specify that changeset descriptions should be one sentence, or two at most
• Remove the redundant "BREAKING CHANGE" marker guidance since breaking changes are already communicated via the major semver bump

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 46fecf5

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.037s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.041s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.010s (-3.1%)	0.948s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.69x

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.102s (-2.6%)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.143s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.863s	10	1.04x

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.766s (-1.6%)	11.021s (~)	0.255s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.901s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.120s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.943s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.958s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.064s	3	1.02x

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.559s (~)	15.027s (~)	0.468s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.574s (-3.2%)	15.028s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.454s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.588s (~)	15.026s (~)	0.438s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	14.968s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.061s	4	1.03x

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.976s (~)	14.449s (-1.0%)	0.473s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.288s (+2.3%)	15.026s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.738s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.268s (-9.0% 🟢)	16.028s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.760s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	16.408s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.623s	6	1.17x

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.754s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.292s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.717s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (-12.6% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.579s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.485s	15	1.21x

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.332s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.389s (+1.6%)	3.012s (~)	0.623s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.555s (-18.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.453s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.745s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.262s	10	1.18x

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.543s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.496s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.513s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.026s (-27.8% 🟢)	6.815s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.788s	5	1.74x
💻 Local	Express	7.502s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.021s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.16x

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.753s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.280s (+1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.727s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.600s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.405s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.828s (-2.0%)	2.391s (+2.1%)	0.562s	13	1.46x

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.323s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.688s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.338s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.673s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.476s (-19.2% 🟢)	3.017s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.541s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	2.819s (-10.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-20.1% 🟢)	0.188s	10	1.21x

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.539s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.501s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.510s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.056s (-22.8% 🟢)	7.787s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.730s	4	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	7.960s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.523s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.562s	4	2.29x

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.815s (-2.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.191s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.822s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.184s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.854s (-12.9% 🟢)	1.038s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.184s	58	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.030s (+4.7%)	1.611s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.580s	38	1.26x

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.913s (-3.2%)	2.123s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.210s	43	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.969s (+2.2%)	2.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.338s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.621s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.111s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.490s	29	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	3.072s (+1.9%)	4.009s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.937s	23	1.61x

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.899s (-2.3%)	4.076s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.177s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.042s (-1.5%)	4.781s (+3.8%)	0.739s	26	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.562s (-18.7% 🟢)	8.080s (-19.4% 🟢)	0.519s	15	1.94x
💻 Local	Express	8.912s (-3.2%)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.413s	13	2.29x

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.288s (+2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.718s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.290s (+2.4%)	1.007s (~)	0.717s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.535s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.488s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.555s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.449s	60	1.93x

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.492s (-0.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.497s (-2.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.510s	90	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.097s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.888s (-4.0%)	0.792s	32	4.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.437s (-3.0%)	3.009s (~)	0.572s	30	4.95x

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.788s (-3.7%)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.219s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.797s (+0.8%)	1.016s (+0.9%)	0.220s	119	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.207s (-17.7% 🟢)	9.945s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.738s	13	11.68x
💻 Local	Express	10.639s (-4.9%)	11.027s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.388s	11	13.50x

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.203s (-1.1%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.808s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.209s (+4.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-18.2% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.807s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.210s (+2.3%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.800s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.213s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.008s (-39.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.6%)	0.800s	10	1.05x

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.607s (-3.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (+3.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.415s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.627s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.004s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.394s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.660s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.010s (+3.5%)	1.022s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.362s	59	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.855s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.012s (-1.6%)	0.009s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.116s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.261s	54	1.41x

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.941s (-2.9%)	1.240s (-0.6%)	0.000s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.254s (~)	0.313s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (~)	1.211s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.228s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.264s	50	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.070s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.865s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+293.9% 🔺)	1.866s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.796s	33	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.214s (-0.9%)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-20.0% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.809s	30	1.29x

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.727s (-2.6%)	2.064s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.081s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.354s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.774s (-1.0%)	2.137s (~)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.148s (-1.2%)	0.375s	29	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.314s (-2.2%)	3.593s (-10.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-29.7% 🟢)	3.908s (-3.2%)	0.594s	16	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.675s (+6.0% 🔺)	4.035s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.395s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.720s	14	2.13x

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	989	0	67	1056
✅ 💻 Local Development	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 📦 Local Production	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🪟 Windows	96	0	0	96
✅ 📋 Other	270	0	18	288
Total	4553	0	343	4896

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	89	0	7
✅ example	89	0	7
✅ express	89	0	7
✅ fastify	89	0	7
✅ hono	89	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	94	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	94	0	2
✅ nitro	89	0	7
✅ nuxt	89	0	7
✅ sveltekit	89	0	7
✅ vite	89	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	96	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	90	0	6

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates contributor guidance in AGENTS.md to make changeset descriptions more concise and to simplify breaking-change signaling in changesets.

Changes:

• Tighten changeset description guidance to one sentence (two max).
• Remove guidance about adding a **BREAKING CHANGE** marker in changeset descriptions.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Specify that changeset descriptions should be one sentence, or two at most
• Remove the redundant "BREAKING CHANGE" marker guidance since breaking changes are already communicated via the major semver bump

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 46fecf5

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.037s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.041s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.010s (-3.1%)	0.948s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.69x

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.102s (-2.6%)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.143s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.863s	10	1.04x

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.766s (-1.6%)	11.021s (~)	0.255s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.901s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.120s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.943s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.958s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.064s	3	1.02x

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.559s (~)	15.027s (~)	0.468s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.574s (-3.2%)	15.028s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.454s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.588s (~)	15.026s (~)	0.438s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	14.968s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.061s	4	1.03x

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.976s (~)	14.449s (-1.0%)	0.473s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.288s (+2.3%)	15.026s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.738s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.268s (-9.0% 🟢)	16.028s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.760s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	16.408s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.623s	6	1.17x

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.754s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.292s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.717s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (-12.6% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.579s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.485s	15	1.21x

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.332s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.389s (+1.6%)	3.012s (~)	0.623s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.555s (-18.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.453s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.745s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.262s	10	1.18x

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.543s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.496s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.513s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.026s (-27.8% 🟢)	6.815s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.788s	5	1.74x
💻 Local	Express	7.502s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.021s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.16x

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.753s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.280s (+1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.727s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.600s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.405s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.828s (-2.0%)	2.391s (+2.1%)	0.562s	13	1.46x

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.323s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.688s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.338s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.673s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.476s (-19.2% 🟢)	3.017s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.541s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	2.819s (-10.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-20.1% 🟢)	0.188s	10	1.21x

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.539s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.501s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.510s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.056s (-22.8% 🟢)	7.787s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.730s	4	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	7.960s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.523s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.562s	4	2.29x

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.815s (-2.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.191s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.822s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.184s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.854s (-12.9% 🟢)	1.038s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.184s	58	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.030s (+4.7%)	1.611s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.580s	38	1.26x

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.913s (-3.2%)	2.123s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.210s	43	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.969s (+2.2%)	2.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.338s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.621s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.111s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.490s	29	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	3.072s (+1.9%)	4.009s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.937s	23	1.61x

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.899s (-2.3%)	4.076s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.177s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.042s (-1.5%)	4.781s (+3.8%)	0.739s	26	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.562s (-18.7% 🟢)	8.080s (-19.4% 🟢)	0.519s	15	1.94x
💻 Local	Express	8.912s (-3.2%)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.413s	13	2.29x

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.288s (+2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.718s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.290s (+2.4%)	1.007s (~)	0.717s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.535s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.488s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.555s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.449s	60	1.93x

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.492s (-0.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.497s (-2.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.510s	90	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.097s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.888s (-4.0%)	0.792s	32	4.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.437s (-3.0%)	3.009s (~)	0.572s	30	4.95x

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.788s (-3.7%)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.219s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.797s (+0.8%)	1.016s (+0.9%)	0.220s	119	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.207s (-17.7% 🟢)	9.945s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.738s	13	11.68x
💻 Local	Express	10.639s (-4.9%)	11.027s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.388s	11	13.50x

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.203s (-1.1%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.808s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.209s (+4.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-18.2% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.807s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.210s (+2.3%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.800s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.213s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.008s (-39.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.6%)	0.800s	10	1.05x

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.607s (-3.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (+3.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.415s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.627s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.004s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.394s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.660s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.010s (+3.5%)	1.022s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.362s	59	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.855s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.012s (-1.6%)	0.009s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.116s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.261s	54	1.41x

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.941s (-2.9%)	1.240s (-0.6%)	0.000s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.254s (~)	0.313s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (~)	1.211s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.228s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.264s	50	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.070s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.865s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+293.9% 🔺)	1.866s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.796s	33	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.214s (-0.9%)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-20.0% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.809s	30	1.29x

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.727s (-2.6%)	2.064s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.081s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.354s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.774s (-1.0%)	2.137s (~)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.148s (-1.2%)	0.375s	29	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.314s (-2.2%)	3.593s (-10.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-29.7% 🟢)	3.908s (-3.2%)	0.594s	16	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.675s (+6.0% 🔺)	4.035s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.395s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.720s	14	2.13x

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	989	0	67	1056
✅ 💻 Local Development	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 📦 Local Production	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🪟 Windows	96	0	0	96
✅ 📋 Other	270	0	18	288
Total	4553	0	343	4896

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	89	0	7
✅ example	89	0	7
✅ express	89	0	7
✅ fastify	89	0	7
✅ hono	89	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	94	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	94	0	2
✅ nitro	89	0	7
✅ nuxt	89	0	7
✅ sveltekit	89	0	7
✅ vite	89	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	96	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	90	0	6

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates contributor guidance in AGENTS.md to make changeset descriptions more concise and to simplify breaking-change signaling in changesets.

Changes:

• Tighten changeset description guidance to one sentence (two max).
• Remove guidance about adding a **BREAKING CHANGE** marker in changeset descriptions.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[TooTallNate]

Summary

• Specify that changeset descriptions should be one sentence, or two at most
• Remove the redundant "BREAKING CHANGE" marker guidance since breaking changes are already communicated via the major semver bump

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 46fecf5

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Apr 30, 2026 7:37am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.037s (-13.9% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.967s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.041s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.062s (-35.1% 🟢)	1.010s (-3.1%)	0.948s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.063s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.948s	10	1.69x

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.102s (-2.6%)	2.004s (~)	0.903s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.133s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.873s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.143s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.866s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.863s	10	1.04x

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.766s (-1.6%)	11.021s (~)	0.255s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.901s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.120s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.943s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.081s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.958s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.064s	3	1.02x

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	14.559s (~)	15.027s (~)	0.468s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.574s (-3.2%)	15.028s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.454s	4	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.588s (~)	15.026s (~)	0.438s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	14.968s (~)	15.029s (~)	0.061s	4	1.03x

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.976s (~)	14.449s (-1.0%)	0.473s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	14.288s (+2.3%)	15.026s (+5.0% 🔺)	0.738s	6	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	15.268s (-9.0% 🟢)	16.028s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.760s	6	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	16.408s (-1.2%)	17.031s (~)	0.623s	6	1.17x

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.754s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.292s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.717s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.426s (-12.6% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.579s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.521s (+2.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.485s	15	1.21x

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.332s (-1.2%)	3.008s (~)	0.676s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.389s (+1.6%)	3.012s (~)	0.623s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.555s (-18.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-22.6% 🟢)	0.453s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.745s (-7.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.262s	10	1.18x

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.466s (-0.6%)	4.010s (~)	0.543s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	3.496s (~)	4.009s (~)	0.513s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.026s (-27.8% 🟢)	6.815s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.788s	5	1.74x
💻 Local	Express	7.502s (-10.0% 🟢)	8.021s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.519s	4	2.16x

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.255s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.753s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.280s (+1.9%)	2.008s (~)	0.727s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.600s (-15.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.405s	15	1.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.828s (-2.0%)	2.391s (+2.1%)	0.562s	13	1.46x

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.323s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.688s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.338s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.673s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.476s (-19.2% 🟢)	3.017s (-22.4% 🟢)	0.541s	10	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	2.819s (-10.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-20.1% 🟢)	0.188s	10	1.21x

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	3.473s (~)	4.012s (~)	0.539s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	3.501s (~)	4.011s (~)	0.510s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.056s (-22.8% 🟢)	7.787s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.730s	4	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	7.960s (-9.5% 🟢)	8.523s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.562s	4	2.29x

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.815s (-2.8%)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.191s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.822s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.184s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.854s (-12.9% 🟢)	1.038s (-5.1% 🟢)	0.184s	58	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.030s (+4.7%)	1.611s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.580s	38	1.26x

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.913s (-3.2%)	2.123s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.210s	43	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.969s (+2.2%)	2.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.338s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.621s (-13.7% 🟢)	3.111s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.490s	29	1.37x
💻 Local	Express	3.072s (+1.9%)	4.009s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.937s	23	1.61x

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	3.899s (-2.3%)	4.076s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.177s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	4.042s (-1.5%)	4.781s (+3.8%)	0.739s	26	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.562s (-18.7% 🟢)	8.080s (-19.4% 🟢)	0.519s	15	1.94x
💻 Local	Express	8.912s (-3.2%)	9.325s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.413s	13	2.29x

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.288s (+2.1%)	1.007s (~)	0.718s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.290s (+2.4%)	1.007s (~)	0.717s	60	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.535s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.488s	59	1.86x
💻 Local	Express	0.555s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.449s	60	1.93x

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.492s (-0.9%)	1.007s (~)	0.515s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.497s (-2.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.510s	90	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.097s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.888s (-4.0%)	0.792s	32	4.26x
💻 Local	Express	2.437s (-3.0%)	3.009s (~)	0.572s	30	4.95x

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.788s (-3.7%)	1.007s (-1.0%)	0.219s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.797s (+0.8%)	1.016s (+0.9%)	0.220s	119	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.207s (-17.7% 🟢)	9.945s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.738s	13	11.68x
💻 Local	Express	10.639s (-4.9%)	11.027s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.388s	11	13.50x

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.203s (-1.1%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.808s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.209s (+4.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.010s (-18.2% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.807s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.210s (+2.3%)	1.000s (~)	0.001s (-26.7% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.800s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.213s (~)	1.004s (~)	0.008s (-39.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.6%)	0.800s	10	1.05x

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.607s (-3.7%)	1.004s (~)	0.004s (+3.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.415s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.627s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.004s (-10.2% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.394s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.660s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.010s (+3.5%)	1.022s (-8.5% 🟢)	0.362s	59	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	0.855s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.012s (-1.6%)	0.009s (-7.1% 🟢)	1.116s (+7.3% 🔺)	0.261s	54	1.41x

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.941s (-2.9%)	1.240s (-0.6%)	0.000s (-51.0% 🟢)	1.254s (~)	0.313s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.965s (~)	1.211s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-8.0% 🟢)	1.228s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.264s	50	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.070s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.865s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+293.9% 🔺)	1.866s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.796s	33	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.214s (-0.9%)	2.021s (~)	0.000s (-20.0% 🟢)	2.023s (~)	0.809s	30	1.29x

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.727s (-2.6%)	2.064s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.081s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.354s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.774s (-1.0%)	2.137s (~)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.148s (-1.2%)	0.375s	29	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.314s (-2.2%)	3.593s (-10.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-29.7% 🟢)	3.908s (-3.2%)	0.594s	16	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	3.675s (+6.0% 🔺)	4.035s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	4.395s (+8.9% 🔺)	0.720s	14	2.13x

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	19/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	989	0	67	1056
✅ 💻 Local Development	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 📦 Local Production	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1066	0	86	1152
✅ 🪟 Windows	96	0	0	96
✅ 📋 Other	270	0	18	288
Total	4553	0	343	4896

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	89	0	7
✅ example	89	0	7
✅ express	89	0	7
✅ fastify	89	0	7
✅ hono	89	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack	94	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	94	0	2
✅ nitro	89	0	7
✅ nuxt	89	0	7
✅ sveltekit	89	0	7
✅ vite	89	0	7

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	90	0	6
✅ express-stable	90	0	6
✅ fastify-stable	90	0	6
✅ hono-stable	90	0	6
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	77	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	96	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	90	0	6
✅ nuxt-stable	90	0	6
✅ sveltekit-stable	90	0	6
✅ vite-stable	90	0	6

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	96	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	90	0	6
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	90	0	6

---

📋 View full workflow run

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates contributor guidance in AGENTS.md to make changeset descriptions more concise and to simplify breaking-change signaling in changesets.

Changes:

• Tighten changeset description guidance to one sentence (two max).
• Remove guidance about adding a **BREAKING CHANGE** marker in changeset descriptions.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.