Remove instrumentation from workbench

[ijjk]

This removes the instrumentation world setup stub that we had from the beginning but is not in our getting started docs https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next so this ensures we're testing what we actually tell users to do.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 98b0af2

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	0	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	0	176	903
Total	6817	0	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-24.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.005s	0.957s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.961s	10	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.056s (-4.3%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.012s	0.954s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.247s (-39.7% 🟢)	2.215s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.967s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.265s (+12.4% 🔺)	2.163s (+1.3%)	1.898s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.366s (+45.6% 🔺)	3.816s (+63.6% 🔺)	3.450s	10	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.074s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.931s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s	2.006s	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.085s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.085s (-4.8%)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s	2.010s	0.895s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.671s (-10.9% 🟢)	3.395s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.723s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.676s (-56.9% 🟢)	3.403s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.727s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.726s (-15.2% 🟢)	3.840s (~)	2.115s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.417s (-5.0%)	11.016s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.429s (-4.1%)	11.019s (~)	0.589s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.449s (-4.5%)	11.023s (~)	0.574s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.473s (-4.1%)	11.022s (~)	0.549s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.526s	11.020s	0.494s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.734s	11.019s	0.285s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.809s (-18.7% 🟢)	15.219s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.410s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.995s (-41.0% 🟢)	15.731s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.736s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.044s (-18.9% 🟢)	16.412s (-15.4% 🟢)	2.368s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.567s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.019s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.497s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.530s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.507s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.519s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.759s	14.024s	0.266s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.169s	15.017s	0.849s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	21.765s (-58.6% 🟢)	23.748s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.982s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.636s (-64.9% 🟢)	24.304s (-63.5% 🟢)	1.668s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.049s (-52.2% 🟢)	25.941s (-50.6% 🟢)	1.892s	3	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.971s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.428s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.981s (-14.5% 🟢)	12.392s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.411s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.117s (-13.2% 🟢)	12.874s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.757s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.158s (-26.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.867s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.432s	13.021s	0.590s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.203s	14.019s	0.815s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.074s (-74.4% 🟢)	32.709s (-73.5% 🟢)	1.635s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.322s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.708s (-91.5% 🟢)	2.386s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.631s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.673s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.042s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (-8.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.855s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.852s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.177s (-27.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.829s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.198s (-19.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.808s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.219s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.004s	0.751s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.925s (+3.8%)	4.484s (+3.7%)	1.559s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.605s (+26.0% 🔺)	5.210s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.605s	6	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.862s (+160.8% 🔺)	11.148s (+126.0% 🔺)	2.286s	4	3.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.226s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.229s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.778s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.355s	2.008s	0.653s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.640s (-44.5% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.365s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s	2.075s	0.354s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.917s (-39.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.233s	14	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.066s (+205.7% 🔺)	12.513s (+144.9% 🔺)	1.448s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	14.820s (+265.7% 🔺)	16.523s (+179.1% 🔺)	1.703s	3	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.075s (+112.3% 🔺)	17.375s (+95.1% 🔺)	2.300s	2	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.007s	0.358s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.010s	0.595s	8	2.48x
💻 Local	Express	4.111s (-50.7% 🟢)	4.725s (-47.7% 🟢)	0.613s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.310s (-36.4% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.537s	6	3.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.686s (+109.6% 🔺)	21.301s (+94.3% 🔺)	2.616s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.505s (+566.7% 🔺)	25.277s (+356.8% 🔺)	1.772s	2	1.26x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.832s (+485.7% 🔺)	26.807s (+337.5% 🔺)	1.974s	2	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.154s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.854s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.823s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.207s	2.009s	0.802s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.270s	2.005s	0.734s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.302s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-24.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.597s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.702s (+162.7% 🔺)	9.227s (+98.8% 🔺)	1.525s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.027s (+226.5% 🔺)	9.441s (+126.4% 🔺)	1.413s	4	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.291s (+221.2% 🔺)	9.524s (+119.0% 🔺)	1.233s	4	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.224s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.775s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s	2.008s	0.654s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.704s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.302s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.229s	0.349s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.038s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.470s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.431s	13	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.088s (+304.8% 🔺)	14.651s (+188.6% 🔺)	1.563s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.412s (+351.4% 🔺)	15.866s (+231.1% 🔺)	1.454s	2	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.876s (+564.3% 🔺)	22.658s (+401.1% 🔺)	1.782s	2	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.373s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.656s	2.008s	0.353s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.102s	4.726s	0.624s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Express	4.711s (-46.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-44.2% 🟢)	0.467s	6	3.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.903s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.216s (-38.0% 🟢)	0.313s	5	4.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.596s (+264.0% 🔺)	27.051s (+216.6% 🔺)	2.456s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.312s (+534.4% 🔺)	34.145s (+400.9% 🔺)	1.833s	1	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	170.137s (+2551.3% 🔺)	171.470s (+1996.6% 🔺)	1.333s	2	6.92x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.452s (-45.0% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.555s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.470s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.537s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.483s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.520s	60	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.516s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.505s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.708s	1.077s	0.369s	56	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.006s	0.297s	60	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.797s (-74.8% 🟢)	6.197s (-70.9% 🟢)	1.400s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.894s (-66.3% 🟢)	6.694s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.013s (-77.3% 🟢)	6.552s (-72.7% 🟢)	1.540s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.060s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.643s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.583s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.075s (-44.2% 🟢)	1.738s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.663s	52	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.210s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.792s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s	2.148s	0.491s	42	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.007s	0.350s	45	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.445s (-68.5% 🟢)	14.068s (-65.9% 🟢)	1.623s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.280s (-61.5% 🟢)	15.011s (-59.2% 🟢)	1.731s	6	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.924s (-72.0% 🟢)	16.233s (-68.6% 🟢)	2.309s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.039s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.477s (-43.3% 🟢)	0.438s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.147s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.719s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.572s	45	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.332s	40	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.233s	4.008s	0.775s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s	4.041s	0.709s	30	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	37.648s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.527s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.880s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	38.822s (-70.1% 🟢)	40.517s (-69.3% 🟢)	1.695s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.663s (-59.3% 🟢)	46.357s (-57.4% 🟢)	2.695s	3	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.183s (-35.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.822s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.197s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.809s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.235s	1.007s	0.772s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.413s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.591s	60	2.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.466s	1.003s	0.538s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.476s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.529s	60	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.413s (+167.7% 🔺)	7.594s (+100.2% 🔺)	2.180s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.396s (+345.3% 🔺)	8.768s (+161.7% 🔺)	1.372s	7	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.525s (+285.1% 🔺)	9.085s (+149.8% 🔺)	1.560s	7	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.317s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.322s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.445s	1.006s	0.561s	90	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.978s	2.508s	0.531s	36	6.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.238s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.976s (-1.1%)	0.738s	31	7.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.251s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.975s (-1.1%)	0.724s	31	7.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.752s (+187.3% 🔺)	10.444s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.692s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.459s (+224.2% 🔺)	12.147s (+151.9% 🔺)	1.688s	8	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.209s (+358.5% 🔺)	18.183s (+250.1% 🔺)	1.973s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.655s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.655s (-19.9% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s	1.283s	0.352s	94	1.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.789s	9.333s	0.544s	13	13.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.660s (-13.7% 🟢)	10.193s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.533s	12	14.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.410s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.029s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.620s	11	15.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.381s (+336.4% 🔺)	34.387s (+272.0% 🔺)	2.006s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	33.423s (+332.8% 🔺)	34.917s (+271.4% 🔺)	1.493s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	35.267s (+241.5% 🔺)	37.407s (+204.5% 🔺)	2.140s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.122s (+463.7% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.895s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.129s (+450.8% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.134s (+430.8% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-2.4%)	2.020s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.003s	0.008s	2.015s	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (+459.5% 🔺)	1.996s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.796s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.357s (-65.6% 🟢)	3.536s (-59.1% 🟢)	2.070s (+227.6% 🔺)	6.110s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.639s (-31.1% 🟢)	3.775s (-28.5% 🟢)	2.230s (+200.6% 🔺)	6.453s (~)	3.814s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+27.5% 🔺)	3.494s (-14.6% 🟢)	2.273s (+136.6% 🔺)	6.650s (+18.9% 🔺)	3.455s	10	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.511s (+142.0% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (+101.4% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+11.9% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.500s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.533s (+143.3% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (~)	2.027s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.494s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.684s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.342s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.721s (+105.1% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.481s	28	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.730s	2.007s	0.008s	2.197s	0.467s	28	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.830s (-76.8% 🟢)	7.982s (-74.1% 🟢)	0.240s (+114.5% 🔺)	8.643s (-72.8% 🟢)	1.813s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.918s (+21.7% 🔺)	9.075s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.191s (-53.3% 🟢)	9.655s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.737s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.370s (-38.7% 🟢)	12.271s (-32.7% 🟢)	0.308s (+46.0% 🔺)	13.028s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.658s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.670s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.061s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.391s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.675s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.029s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.367s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.072s	0.000s	1.079s	0.290s	56	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.216s	1.947s	0.000s	1.950s	0.734s	31	1.82x
💻 Local	Express	1.350s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-70.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.666s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+166.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.640s	30	2.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.197s (+37.6% 🔺)	5.144s (+17.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+18.2% 🔺)	5.584s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.387s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.490s (-46.1% 🟢)	7.054s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.503s (-37.7% 🟢)	2.013s	8	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.866s (+83.6% 🔺)	7.869s (+54.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	8.281s (+49.7% 🔺)	1.415s	8	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.321s (-25.5% 🟢)	2.069s (-5.0%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.089s (-5.0%)	0.769s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.067s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+189.7% 🔺)	2.079s (-4.4%)	0.702s	29	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.627s	2.225s	0.000s	2.232s	0.605s	27	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s	3.122s	0.001s	3.128s	0.523s	20	1.97x
💻 Local	Express	3.141s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-92.2% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.7%)	0.826s	16	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.159s (-6.7% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.970s (-1.7%)	0.810s	16	2.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	9.450s (+68.3% 🔺)	11.008s (+57.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	11.524s (+52.8% 🔺)	2.074s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.452s (+106.0% 🔺)	10.656s (+77.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	11.056s (+71.2% 🔺)	1.604s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.685s (+161.0% 🔺)	11.845s (+120.4% 🔺)	0.002s (+694.4% 🔺)	12.277s (+111.9% 🔺)	1.592s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	8/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #1963. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.

[ijjk]

This removes the instrumentation world setup stub that we had from the beginning but is not in our getting started docs https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next so this ensures we're testing what we actually tell users to do.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 98b0af2

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	0	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	0	176	903
Total	6817	0	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-24.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.005s	0.957s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.961s	10	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.056s (-4.3%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.012s	0.954s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.247s (-39.7% 🟢)	2.215s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.967s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.265s (+12.4% 🔺)	2.163s (+1.3%)	1.898s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.366s (+45.6% 🔺)	3.816s (+63.6% 🔺)	3.450s	10	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.074s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.931s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s	2.006s	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.085s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.085s (-4.8%)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s	2.010s	0.895s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.671s (-10.9% 🟢)	3.395s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.723s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.676s (-56.9% 🟢)	3.403s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.727s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.726s (-15.2% 🟢)	3.840s (~)	2.115s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.417s (-5.0%)	11.016s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.429s (-4.1%)	11.019s (~)	0.589s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.449s (-4.5%)	11.023s (~)	0.574s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.473s (-4.1%)	11.022s (~)	0.549s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.526s	11.020s	0.494s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.734s	11.019s	0.285s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.809s (-18.7% 🟢)	15.219s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.410s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.995s (-41.0% 🟢)	15.731s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.736s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.044s (-18.9% 🟢)	16.412s (-15.4% 🟢)	2.368s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.567s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.019s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.497s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.530s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.507s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.519s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.759s	14.024s	0.266s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.169s	15.017s	0.849s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	21.765s (-58.6% 🟢)	23.748s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.982s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.636s (-64.9% 🟢)	24.304s (-63.5% 🟢)	1.668s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.049s (-52.2% 🟢)	25.941s (-50.6% 🟢)	1.892s	3	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.971s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.428s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.981s (-14.5% 🟢)	12.392s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.411s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.117s (-13.2% 🟢)	12.874s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.757s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.158s (-26.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.867s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.432s	13.021s	0.590s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.203s	14.019s	0.815s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.074s (-74.4% 🟢)	32.709s (-73.5% 🟢)	1.635s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.322s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.708s (-91.5% 🟢)	2.386s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.631s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.673s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.042s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (-8.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.855s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.852s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.177s (-27.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.829s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.198s (-19.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.808s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.219s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.004s	0.751s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.925s (+3.8%)	4.484s (+3.7%)	1.559s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.605s (+26.0% 🔺)	5.210s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.605s	6	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.862s (+160.8% 🔺)	11.148s (+126.0% 🔺)	2.286s	4	3.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.226s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.229s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.778s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.355s	2.008s	0.653s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.640s (-44.5% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.365s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s	2.075s	0.354s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.917s (-39.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.233s	14	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.066s (+205.7% 🔺)	12.513s (+144.9% 🔺)	1.448s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	14.820s (+265.7% 🔺)	16.523s (+179.1% 🔺)	1.703s	3	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.075s (+112.3% 🔺)	17.375s (+95.1% 🔺)	2.300s	2	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.007s	0.358s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.010s	0.595s	8	2.48x
💻 Local	Express	4.111s (-50.7% 🟢)	4.725s (-47.7% 🟢)	0.613s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.310s (-36.4% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.537s	6	3.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.686s (+109.6% 🔺)	21.301s (+94.3% 🔺)	2.616s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.505s (+566.7% 🔺)	25.277s (+356.8% 🔺)	1.772s	2	1.26x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.832s (+485.7% 🔺)	26.807s (+337.5% 🔺)	1.974s	2	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.154s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.854s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.823s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.207s	2.009s	0.802s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.270s	2.005s	0.734s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.302s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-24.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.597s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.702s (+162.7% 🔺)	9.227s (+98.8% 🔺)	1.525s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.027s (+226.5% 🔺)	9.441s (+126.4% 🔺)	1.413s	4	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.291s (+221.2% 🔺)	9.524s (+119.0% 🔺)	1.233s	4	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.224s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.775s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s	2.008s	0.654s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.704s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.302s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.229s	0.349s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.038s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.470s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.431s	13	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.088s (+304.8% 🔺)	14.651s (+188.6% 🔺)	1.563s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.412s (+351.4% 🔺)	15.866s (+231.1% 🔺)	1.454s	2	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.876s (+564.3% 🔺)	22.658s (+401.1% 🔺)	1.782s	2	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.373s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.656s	2.008s	0.353s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.102s	4.726s	0.624s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Express	4.711s (-46.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-44.2% 🟢)	0.467s	6	3.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.903s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.216s (-38.0% 🟢)	0.313s	5	4.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.596s (+264.0% 🔺)	27.051s (+216.6% 🔺)	2.456s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.312s (+534.4% 🔺)	34.145s (+400.9% 🔺)	1.833s	1	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	170.137s (+2551.3% 🔺)	171.470s (+1996.6% 🔺)	1.333s	2	6.92x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.452s (-45.0% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.555s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.470s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.537s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.483s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.520s	60	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.516s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.505s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.708s	1.077s	0.369s	56	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.006s	0.297s	60	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.797s (-74.8% 🟢)	6.197s (-70.9% 🟢)	1.400s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.894s (-66.3% 🟢)	6.694s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.013s (-77.3% 🟢)	6.552s (-72.7% 🟢)	1.540s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.060s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.643s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.583s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.075s (-44.2% 🟢)	1.738s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.663s	52	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.210s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.792s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s	2.148s	0.491s	42	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.007s	0.350s	45	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.445s (-68.5% 🟢)	14.068s (-65.9% 🟢)	1.623s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.280s (-61.5% 🟢)	15.011s (-59.2% 🟢)	1.731s	6	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.924s (-72.0% 🟢)	16.233s (-68.6% 🟢)	2.309s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.039s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.477s (-43.3% 🟢)	0.438s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.147s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.719s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.572s	45	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.332s	40	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.233s	4.008s	0.775s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s	4.041s	0.709s	30	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	37.648s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.527s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.880s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	38.822s (-70.1% 🟢)	40.517s (-69.3% 🟢)	1.695s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.663s (-59.3% 🟢)	46.357s (-57.4% 🟢)	2.695s	3	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.183s (-35.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.822s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.197s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.809s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.235s	1.007s	0.772s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.413s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.591s	60	2.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.466s	1.003s	0.538s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.476s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.529s	60	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.413s (+167.7% 🔺)	7.594s (+100.2% 🔺)	2.180s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.396s (+345.3% 🔺)	8.768s (+161.7% 🔺)	1.372s	7	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.525s (+285.1% 🔺)	9.085s (+149.8% 🔺)	1.560s	7	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.317s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.322s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.445s	1.006s	0.561s	90	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.978s	2.508s	0.531s	36	6.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.238s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.976s (-1.1%)	0.738s	31	7.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.251s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.975s (-1.1%)	0.724s	31	7.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.752s (+187.3% 🔺)	10.444s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.692s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.459s (+224.2% 🔺)	12.147s (+151.9% 🔺)	1.688s	8	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.209s (+358.5% 🔺)	18.183s (+250.1% 🔺)	1.973s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.655s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.655s (-19.9% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s	1.283s	0.352s	94	1.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.789s	9.333s	0.544s	13	13.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.660s (-13.7% 🟢)	10.193s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.533s	12	14.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.410s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.029s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.620s	11	15.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.381s (+336.4% 🔺)	34.387s (+272.0% 🔺)	2.006s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	33.423s (+332.8% 🔺)	34.917s (+271.4% 🔺)	1.493s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	35.267s (+241.5% 🔺)	37.407s (+204.5% 🔺)	2.140s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.122s (+463.7% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.895s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.129s (+450.8% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.134s (+430.8% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-2.4%)	2.020s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.003s	0.008s	2.015s	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (+459.5% 🔺)	1.996s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.796s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.357s (-65.6% 🟢)	3.536s (-59.1% 🟢)	2.070s (+227.6% 🔺)	6.110s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.639s (-31.1% 🟢)	3.775s (-28.5% 🟢)	2.230s (+200.6% 🔺)	6.453s (~)	3.814s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+27.5% 🔺)	3.494s (-14.6% 🟢)	2.273s (+136.6% 🔺)	6.650s (+18.9% 🔺)	3.455s	10	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.511s (+142.0% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (+101.4% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+11.9% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.500s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.533s (+143.3% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (~)	2.027s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.494s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.684s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.342s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.721s (+105.1% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.481s	28	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.730s	2.007s	0.008s	2.197s	0.467s	28	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.830s (-76.8% 🟢)	7.982s (-74.1% 🟢)	0.240s (+114.5% 🔺)	8.643s (-72.8% 🟢)	1.813s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.918s (+21.7% 🔺)	9.075s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.191s (-53.3% 🟢)	9.655s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.737s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.370s (-38.7% 🟢)	12.271s (-32.7% 🟢)	0.308s (+46.0% 🔺)	13.028s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.658s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.670s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.061s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.391s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.675s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.029s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.367s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.072s	0.000s	1.079s	0.290s	56	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.216s	1.947s	0.000s	1.950s	0.734s	31	1.82x
💻 Local	Express	1.350s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-70.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.666s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+166.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.640s	30	2.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.197s (+37.6% 🔺)	5.144s (+17.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+18.2% 🔺)	5.584s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.387s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.490s (-46.1% 🟢)	7.054s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.503s (-37.7% 🟢)	2.013s	8	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.866s (+83.6% 🔺)	7.869s (+54.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	8.281s (+49.7% 🔺)	1.415s	8	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.321s (-25.5% 🟢)	2.069s (-5.0%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.089s (-5.0%)	0.769s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.067s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+189.7% 🔺)	2.079s (-4.4%)	0.702s	29	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.627s	2.225s	0.000s	2.232s	0.605s	27	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s	3.122s	0.001s	3.128s	0.523s	20	1.97x
💻 Local	Express	3.141s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-92.2% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.7%)	0.826s	16	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.159s (-6.7% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.970s (-1.7%)	0.810s	16	2.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	9.450s (+68.3% 🔺)	11.008s (+57.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	11.524s (+52.8% 🔺)	2.074s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.452s (+106.0% 🔺)	10.656s (+77.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	11.056s (+71.2% 🔺)	1.604s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.685s (+161.0% 🔺)	11.845s (+120.4% 🔺)	0.002s (+694.4% 🔺)	12.277s (+111.9% 🔺)	1.592s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	8/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #1963. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.

[ijjk]

This removes the instrumentation world setup stub that we had from the beginning but is not in our getting started docs https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next so this ensures we're testing what we actually tell users to do.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 98b0af2

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	0	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	0	176	903
Total	6817	0	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-24.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.005s	0.957s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.961s	10	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.056s (-4.3%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.012s	0.954s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.247s (-39.7% 🟢)	2.215s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.967s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.265s (+12.4% 🔺)	2.163s (+1.3%)	1.898s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.366s (+45.6% 🔺)	3.816s (+63.6% 🔺)	3.450s	10	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.074s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.931s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s	2.006s	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.085s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.085s (-4.8%)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s	2.010s	0.895s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.671s (-10.9% 🟢)	3.395s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.723s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.676s (-56.9% 🟢)	3.403s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.727s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.726s (-15.2% 🟢)	3.840s (~)	2.115s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.417s (-5.0%)	11.016s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.429s (-4.1%)	11.019s (~)	0.589s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.449s (-4.5%)	11.023s (~)	0.574s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.473s (-4.1%)	11.022s (~)	0.549s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.526s	11.020s	0.494s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.734s	11.019s	0.285s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.809s (-18.7% 🟢)	15.219s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.410s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.995s (-41.0% 🟢)	15.731s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.736s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.044s (-18.9% 🟢)	16.412s (-15.4% 🟢)	2.368s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.567s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.019s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.497s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.530s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.507s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.519s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.759s	14.024s	0.266s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.169s	15.017s	0.849s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	21.765s (-58.6% 🟢)	23.748s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.982s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.636s (-64.9% 🟢)	24.304s (-63.5% 🟢)	1.668s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.049s (-52.2% 🟢)	25.941s (-50.6% 🟢)	1.892s	3	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.971s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.428s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.981s (-14.5% 🟢)	12.392s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.411s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.117s (-13.2% 🟢)	12.874s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.757s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.158s (-26.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.867s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.432s	13.021s	0.590s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.203s	14.019s	0.815s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.074s (-74.4% 🟢)	32.709s (-73.5% 🟢)	1.635s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.322s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.708s (-91.5% 🟢)	2.386s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.631s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.673s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.042s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (-8.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.855s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.852s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.177s (-27.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.829s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.198s (-19.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.808s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.219s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.004s	0.751s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.925s (+3.8%)	4.484s (+3.7%)	1.559s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.605s (+26.0% 🔺)	5.210s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.605s	6	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.862s (+160.8% 🔺)	11.148s (+126.0% 🔺)	2.286s	4	3.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.226s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.229s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.778s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.355s	2.008s	0.653s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.640s (-44.5% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.365s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s	2.075s	0.354s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.917s (-39.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.233s	14	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.066s (+205.7% 🔺)	12.513s (+144.9% 🔺)	1.448s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	14.820s (+265.7% 🔺)	16.523s (+179.1% 🔺)	1.703s	3	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.075s (+112.3% 🔺)	17.375s (+95.1% 🔺)	2.300s	2	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.007s	0.358s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.010s	0.595s	8	2.48x
💻 Local	Express	4.111s (-50.7% 🟢)	4.725s (-47.7% 🟢)	0.613s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.310s (-36.4% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.537s	6	3.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.686s (+109.6% 🔺)	21.301s (+94.3% 🔺)	2.616s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.505s (+566.7% 🔺)	25.277s (+356.8% 🔺)	1.772s	2	1.26x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.832s (+485.7% 🔺)	26.807s (+337.5% 🔺)	1.974s	2	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.154s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.854s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.823s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.207s	2.009s	0.802s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.270s	2.005s	0.734s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.302s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-24.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.597s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.702s (+162.7% 🔺)	9.227s (+98.8% 🔺)	1.525s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.027s (+226.5% 🔺)	9.441s (+126.4% 🔺)	1.413s	4	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.291s (+221.2% 🔺)	9.524s (+119.0% 🔺)	1.233s	4	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.224s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.775s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s	2.008s	0.654s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.704s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.302s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.229s	0.349s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.038s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.470s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.431s	13	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.088s (+304.8% 🔺)	14.651s (+188.6% 🔺)	1.563s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.412s (+351.4% 🔺)	15.866s (+231.1% 🔺)	1.454s	2	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.876s (+564.3% 🔺)	22.658s (+401.1% 🔺)	1.782s	2	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.373s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.656s	2.008s	0.353s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.102s	4.726s	0.624s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Express	4.711s (-46.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-44.2% 🟢)	0.467s	6	3.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.903s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.216s (-38.0% 🟢)	0.313s	5	4.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.596s (+264.0% 🔺)	27.051s (+216.6% 🔺)	2.456s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.312s (+534.4% 🔺)	34.145s (+400.9% 🔺)	1.833s	1	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	170.137s (+2551.3% 🔺)	171.470s (+1996.6% 🔺)	1.333s	2	6.92x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.452s (-45.0% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.555s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.470s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.537s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.483s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.520s	60	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.516s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.505s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.708s	1.077s	0.369s	56	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.006s	0.297s	60	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.797s (-74.8% 🟢)	6.197s (-70.9% 🟢)	1.400s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.894s (-66.3% 🟢)	6.694s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.013s (-77.3% 🟢)	6.552s (-72.7% 🟢)	1.540s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.060s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.643s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.583s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.075s (-44.2% 🟢)	1.738s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.663s	52	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.210s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.792s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s	2.148s	0.491s	42	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.007s	0.350s	45	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.445s (-68.5% 🟢)	14.068s (-65.9% 🟢)	1.623s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.280s (-61.5% 🟢)	15.011s (-59.2% 🟢)	1.731s	6	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.924s (-72.0% 🟢)	16.233s (-68.6% 🟢)	2.309s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.039s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.477s (-43.3% 🟢)	0.438s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.147s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.719s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.572s	45	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.332s	40	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.233s	4.008s	0.775s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s	4.041s	0.709s	30	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	37.648s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.527s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.880s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	38.822s (-70.1% 🟢)	40.517s (-69.3% 🟢)	1.695s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.663s (-59.3% 🟢)	46.357s (-57.4% 🟢)	2.695s	3	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.183s (-35.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.822s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.197s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.809s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.235s	1.007s	0.772s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.413s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.591s	60	2.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.466s	1.003s	0.538s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.476s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.529s	60	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.413s (+167.7% 🔺)	7.594s (+100.2% 🔺)	2.180s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.396s (+345.3% 🔺)	8.768s (+161.7% 🔺)	1.372s	7	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.525s (+285.1% 🔺)	9.085s (+149.8% 🔺)	1.560s	7	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.317s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.322s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.445s	1.006s	0.561s	90	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.978s	2.508s	0.531s	36	6.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.238s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.976s (-1.1%)	0.738s	31	7.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.251s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.975s (-1.1%)	0.724s	31	7.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.752s (+187.3% 🔺)	10.444s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.692s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.459s (+224.2% 🔺)	12.147s (+151.9% 🔺)	1.688s	8	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.209s (+358.5% 🔺)	18.183s (+250.1% 🔺)	1.973s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.655s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.655s (-19.9% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s	1.283s	0.352s	94	1.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.789s	9.333s	0.544s	13	13.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.660s (-13.7% 🟢)	10.193s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.533s	12	14.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.410s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.029s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.620s	11	15.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.381s (+336.4% 🔺)	34.387s (+272.0% 🔺)	2.006s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	33.423s (+332.8% 🔺)	34.917s (+271.4% 🔺)	1.493s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	35.267s (+241.5% 🔺)	37.407s (+204.5% 🔺)	2.140s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.122s (+463.7% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.895s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.129s (+450.8% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.134s (+430.8% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-2.4%)	2.020s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.003s	0.008s	2.015s	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (+459.5% 🔺)	1.996s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.796s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.357s (-65.6% 🟢)	3.536s (-59.1% 🟢)	2.070s (+227.6% 🔺)	6.110s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.639s (-31.1% 🟢)	3.775s (-28.5% 🟢)	2.230s (+200.6% 🔺)	6.453s (~)	3.814s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+27.5% 🔺)	3.494s (-14.6% 🟢)	2.273s (+136.6% 🔺)	6.650s (+18.9% 🔺)	3.455s	10	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.511s (+142.0% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (+101.4% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+11.9% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.500s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.533s (+143.3% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (~)	2.027s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.494s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.684s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.342s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.721s (+105.1% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.481s	28	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.730s	2.007s	0.008s	2.197s	0.467s	28	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.830s (-76.8% 🟢)	7.982s (-74.1% 🟢)	0.240s (+114.5% 🔺)	8.643s (-72.8% 🟢)	1.813s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.918s (+21.7% 🔺)	9.075s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.191s (-53.3% 🟢)	9.655s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.737s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.370s (-38.7% 🟢)	12.271s (-32.7% 🟢)	0.308s (+46.0% 🔺)	13.028s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.658s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.670s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.061s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.391s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.675s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.029s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.367s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.072s	0.000s	1.079s	0.290s	56	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.216s	1.947s	0.000s	1.950s	0.734s	31	1.82x
💻 Local	Express	1.350s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-70.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.666s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+166.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.640s	30	2.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.197s (+37.6% 🔺)	5.144s (+17.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+18.2% 🔺)	5.584s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.387s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.490s (-46.1% 🟢)	7.054s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.503s (-37.7% 🟢)	2.013s	8	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.866s (+83.6% 🔺)	7.869s (+54.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	8.281s (+49.7% 🔺)	1.415s	8	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.321s (-25.5% 🟢)	2.069s (-5.0%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.089s (-5.0%)	0.769s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.067s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+189.7% 🔺)	2.079s (-4.4%)	0.702s	29	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.627s	2.225s	0.000s	2.232s	0.605s	27	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s	3.122s	0.001s	3.128s	0.523s	20	1.97x
💻 Local	Express	3.141s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-92.2% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.7%)	0.826s	16	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.159s (-6.7% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.970s (-1.7%)	0.810s	16	2.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	9.450s (+68.3% 🔺)	11.008s (+57.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	11.524s (+52.8% 🔺)	2.074s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.452s (+106.0% 🔺)	10.656s (+77.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	11.056s (+71.2% 🔺)	1.604s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.685s (+161.0% 🔺)	11.845s (+120.4% 🔺)	0.002s (+694.4% 🔺)	12.277s (+111.9% 🔺)	1.592s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	8/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #1963. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.

[ijjk]

This removes the instrumentation world setup stub that we had from the beginning but is not in our getting started docs https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next so this ensures we're testing what we actually tell users to do.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 98b0af2

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	0	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	0	176	903
Total	6817	0	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-24.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.005s	0.957s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.961s	10	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.056s (-4.3%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.012s	0.954s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.247s (-39.7% 🟢)	2.215s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.967s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.265s (+12.4% 🔺)	2.163s (+1.3%)	1.898s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.366s (+45.6% 🔺)	3.816s (+63.6% 🔺)	3.450s	10	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.074s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.931s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s	2.006s	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.085s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.085s (-4.8%)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s	2.010s	0.895s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.671s (-10.9% 🟢)	3.395s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.723s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.676s (-56.9% 🟢)	3.403s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.727s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.726s (-15.2% 🟢)	3.840s (~)	2.115s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.417s (-5.0%)	11.016s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.429s (-4.1%)	11.019s (~)	0.589s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.449s (-4.5%)	11.023s (~)	0.574s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.473s (-4.1%)	11.022s (~)	0.549s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.526s	11.020s	0.494s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.734s	11.019s	0.285s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.809s (-18.7% 🟢)	15.219s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.410s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.995s (-41.0% 🟢)	15.731s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.736s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.044s (-18.9% 🟢)	16.412s (-15.4% 🟢)	2.368s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.567s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.019s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.497s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.530s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.507s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.519s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.759s	14.024s	0.266s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.169s	15.017s	0.849s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	21.765s (-58.6% 🟢)	23.748s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.982s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.636s (-64.9% 🟢)	24.304s (-63.5% 🟢)	1.668s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.049s (-52.2% 🟢)	25.941s (-50.6% 🟢)	1.892s	3	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.971s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.428s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.981s (-14.5% 🟢)	12.392s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.411s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.117s (-13.2% 🟢)	12.874s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.757s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.158s (-26.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.867s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.432s	13.021s	0.590s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.203s	14.019s	0.815s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.074s (-74.4% 🟢)	32.709s (-73.5% 🟢)	1.635s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.322s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.708s (-91.5% 🟢)	2.386s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.631s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.673s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.042s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (-8.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.855s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.852s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.177s (-27.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.829s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.198s (-19.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.808s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.219s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.004s	0.751s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.925s (+3.8%)	4.484s (+3.7%)	1.559s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.605s (+26.0% 🔺)	5.210s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.605s	6	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.862s (+160.8% 🔺)	11.148s (+126.0% 🔺)	2.286s	4	3.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.226s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.229s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.778s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.355s	2.008s	0.653s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.640s (-44.5% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.365s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s	2.075s	0.354s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.917s (-39.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.233s	14	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.066s (+205.7% 🔺)	12.513s (+144.9% 🔺)	1.448s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	14.820s (+265.7% 🔺)	16.523s (+179.1% 🔺)	1.703s	3	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.075s (+112.3% 🔺)	17.375s (+95.1% 🔺)	2.300s	2	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.007s	0.358s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.010s	0.595s	8	2.48x
💻 Local	Express	4.111s (-50.7% 🟢)	4.725s (-47.7% 🟢)	0.613s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.310s (-36.4% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.537s	6	3.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.686s (+109.6% 🔺)	21.301s (+94.3% 🔺)	2.616s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.505s (+566.7% 🔺)	25.277s (+356.8% 🔺)	1.772s	2	1.26x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.832s (+485.7% 🔺)	26.807s (+337.5% 🔺)	1.974s	2	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.154s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.854s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.823s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.207s	2.009s	0.802s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.270s	2.005s	0.734s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.302s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-24.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.597s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.702s (+162.7% 🔺)	9.227s (+98.8% 🔺)	1.525s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.027s (+226.5% 🔺)	9.441s (+126.4% 🔺)	1.413s	4	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.291s (+221.2% 🔺)	9.524s (+119.0% 🔺)	1.233s	4	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.224s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.775s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s	2.008s	0.654s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.704s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.302s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.229s	0.349s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.038s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.470s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.431s	13	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.088s (+304.8% 🔺)	14.651s (+188.6% 🔺)	1.563s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.412s (+351.4% 🔺)	15.866s (+231.1% 🔺)	1.454s	2	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.876s (+564.3% 🔺)	22.658s (+401.1% 🔺)	1.782s	2	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.373s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.656s	2.008s	0.353s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.102s	4.726s	0.624s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Express	4.711s (-46.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-44.2% 🟢)	0.467s	6	3.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.903s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.216s (-38.0% 🟢)	0.313s	5	4.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.596s (+264.0% 🔺)	27.051s (+216.6% 🔺)	2.456s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.312s (+534.4% 🔺)	34.145s (+400.9% 🔺)	1.833s	1	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	170.137s (+2551.3% 🔺)	171.470s (+1996.6% 🔺)	1.333s	2	6.92x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.452s (-45.0% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.555s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.470s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.537s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.483s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.520s	60	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.516s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.505s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.708s	1.077s	0.369s	56	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.006s	0.297s	60	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.797s (-74.8% 🟢)	6.197s (-70.9% 🟢)	1.400s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.894s (-66.3% 🟢)	6.694s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.013s (-77.3% 🟢)	6.552s (-72.7% 🟢)	1.540s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.060s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.643s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.583s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.075s (-44.2% 🟢)	1.738s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.663s	52	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.210s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.792s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s	2.148s	0.491s	42	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.007s	0.350s	45	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.445s (-68.5% 🟢)	14.068s (-65.9% 🟢)	1.623s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.280s (-61.5% 🟢)	15.011s (-59.2% 🟢)	1.731s	6	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.924s (-72.0% 🟢)	16.233s (-68.6% 🟢)	2.309s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.039s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.477s (-43.3% 🟢)	0.438s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.147s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.719s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.572s	45	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.332s	40	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.233s	4.008s	0.775s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s	4.041s	0.709s	30	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	37.648s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.527s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.880s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	38.822s (-70.1% 🟢)	40.517s (-69.3% 🟢)	1.695s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.663s (-59.3% 🟢)	46.357s (-57.4% 🟢)	2.695s	3	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.183s (-35.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.822s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.197s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.809s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.235s	1.007s	0.772s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.413s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.591s	60	2.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.466s	1.003s	0.538s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.476s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.529s	60	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.413s (+167.7% 🔺)	7.594s (+100.2% 🔺)	2.180s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.396s (+345.3% 🔺)	8.768s (+161.7% 🔺)	1.372s	7	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.525s (+285.1% 🔺)	9.085s (+149.8% 🔺)	1.560s	7	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.317s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.322s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.445s	1.006s	0.561s	90	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.978s	2.508s	0.531s	36	6.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.238s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.976s (-1.1%)	0.738s	31	7.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.251s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.975s (-1.1%)	0.724s	31	7.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.752s (+187.3% 🔺)	10.444s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.692s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.459s (+224.2% 🔺)	12.147s (+151.9% 🔺)	1.688s	8	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.209s (+358.5% 🔺)	18.183s (+250.1% 🔺)	1.973s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.655s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.655s (-19.9% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s	1.283s	0.352s	94	1.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.789s	9.333s	0.544s	13	13.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.660s (-13.7% 🟢)	10.193s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.533s	12	14.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.410s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.029s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.620s	11	15.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.381s (+336.4% 🔺)	34.387s (+272.0% 🔺)	2.006s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	33.423s (+332.8% 🔺)	34.917s (+271.4% 🔺)	1.493s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	35.267s (+241.5% 🔺)	37.407s (+204.5% 🔺)	2.140s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.122s (+463.7% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.895s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.129s (+450.8% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.134s (+430.8% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-2.4%)	2.020s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.003s	0.008s	2.015s	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (+459.5% 🔺)	1.996s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.796s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.357s (-65.6% 🟢)	3.536s (-59.1% 🟢)	2.070s (+227.6% 🔺)	6.110s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.639s (-31.1% 🟢)	3.775s (-28.5% 🟢)	2.230s (+200.6% 🔺)	6.453s (~)	3.814s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+27.5% 🔺)	3.494s (-14.6% 🟢)	2.273s (+136.6% 🔺)	6.650s (+18.9% 🔺)	3.455s	10	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.511s (+142.0% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (+101.4% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+11.9% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.500s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.533s (+143.3% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (~)	2.027s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.494s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.684s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.342s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.721s (+105.1% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.481s	28	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.730s	2.007s	0.008s	2.197s	0.467s	28	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.830s (-76.8% 🟢)	7.982s (-74.1% 🟢)	0.240s (+114.5% 🔺)	8.643s (-72.8% 🟢)	1.813s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.918s (+21.7% 🔺)	9.075s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.191s (-53.3% 🟢)	9.655s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.737s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.370s (-38.7% 🟢)	12.271s (-32.7% 🟢)	0.308s (+46.0% 🔺)	13.028s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.658s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.670s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.061s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.391s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.675s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.029s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.367s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.072s	0.000s	1.079s	0.290s	56	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.216s	1.947s	0.000s	1.950s	0.734s	31	1.82x
💻 Local	Express	1.350s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-70.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.666s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+166.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.640s	30	2.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.197s (+37.6% 🔺)	5.144s (+17.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+18.2% 🔺)	5.584s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.387s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.490s (-46.1% 🟢)	7.054s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.503s (-37.7% 🟢)	2.013s	8	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.866s (+83.6% 🔺)	7.869s (+54.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	8.281s (+49.7% 🔺)	1.415s	8	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.321s (-25.5% 🟢)	2.069s (-5.0%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.089s (-5.0%)	0.769s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.067s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+189.7% 🔺)	2.079s (-4.4%)	0.702s	29	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.627s	2.225s	0.000s	2.232s	0.605s	27	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s	3.122s	0.001s	3.128s	0.523s	20	1.97x
💻 Local	Express	3.141s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-92.2% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.7%)	0.826s	16	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.159s (-6.7% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.970s (-1.7%)	0.810s	16	2.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	9.450s (+68.3% 🔺)	11.008s (+57.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	11.524s (+52.8% 🔺)	2.074s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.452s (+106.0% 🔺)	10.656s (+77.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	11.056s (+71.2% 🔺)	1.604s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.685s (+161.0% 🔺)	11.845s (+120.4% 🔺)	0.002s (+694.4% 🔺)	12.277s (+111.9% 🔺)	1.592s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	8/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #1963. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.

[ijjk]

This removes the instrumentation world setup stub that we had from the beginning but is not in our getting started docs https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next so this ensures we're testing what we actually tell users to do.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 98b0af2

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	0	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	0	176	903
Total	6817	0	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-24.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.005s	0.957s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.961s	10	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.056s (-4.3%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.012s	0.954s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.247s (-39.7% 🟢)	2.215s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.967s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.265s (+12.4% 🔺)	2.163s (+1.3%)	1.898s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.366s (+45.6% 🔺)	3.816s (+63.6% 🔺)	3.450s	10	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.074s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.931s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s	2.006s	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.085s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.085s (-4.8%)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s	2.010s	0.895s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.671s (-10.9% 🟢)	3.395s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.723s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.676s (-56.9% 🟢)	3.403s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.727s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.726s (-15.2% 🟢)	3.840s (~)	2.115s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.417s (-5.0%)	11.016s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.429s (-4.1%)	11.019s (~)	0.589s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.449s (-4.5%)	11.023s (~)	0.574s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.473s (-4.1%)	11.022s (~)	0.549s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.526s	11.020s	0.494s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.734s	11.019s	0.285s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.809s (-18.7% 🟢)	15.219s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.410s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.995s (-41.0% 🟢)	15.731s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.736s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.044s (-18.9% 🟢)	16.412s (-15.4% 🟢)	2.368s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.567s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.019s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.497s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.530s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.507s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.519s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.759s	14.024s	0.266s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.169s	15.017s	0.849s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	21.765s (-58.6% 🟢)	23.748s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.982s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.636s (-64.9% 🟢)	24.304s (-63.5% 🟢)	1.668s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.049s (-52.2% 🟢)	25.941s (-50.6% 🟢)	1.892s	3	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.971s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.428s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.981s (-14.5% 🟢)	12.392s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.411s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.117s (-13.2% 🟢)	12.874s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.757s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.158s (-26.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.867s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.432s	13.021s	0.590s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.203s	14.019s	0.815s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.074s (-74.4% 🟢)	32.709s (-73.5% 🟢)	1.635s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.322s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.708s (-91.5% 🟢)	2.386s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.631s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.673s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.042s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (-8.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.855s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.852s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.177s (-27.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.829s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.198s (-19.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.808s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.219s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.004s	0.751s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.925s (+3.8%)	4.484s (+3.7%)	1.559s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.605s (+26.0% 🔺)	5.210s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.605s	6	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.862s (+160.8% 🔺)	11.148s (+126.0% 🔺)	2.286s	4	3.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.226s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.229s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.778s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.355s	2.008s	0.653s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.640s (-44.5% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.365s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s	2.075s	0.354s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.917s (-39.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.233s	14	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.066s (+205.7% 🔺)	12.513s (+144.9% 🔺)	1.448s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	14.820s (+265.7% 🔺)	16.523s (+179.1% 🔺)	1.703s	3	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.075s (+112.3% 🔺)	17.375s (+95.1% 🔺)	2.300s	2	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.007s	0.358s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.010s	0.595s	8	2.48x
💻 Local	Express	4.111s (-50.7% 🟢)	4.725s (-47.7% 🟢)	0.613s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.310s (-36.4% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.537s	6	3.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.686s (+109.6% 🔺)	21.301s (+94.3% 🔺)	2.616s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.505s (+566.7% 🔺)	25.277s (+356.8% 🔺)	1.772s	2	1.26x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.832s (+485.7% 🔺)	26.807s (+337.5% 🔺)	1.974s	2	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.154s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.854s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.823s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.207s	2.009s	0.802s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.270s	2.005s	0.734s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.302s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-24.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.597s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.702s (+162.7% 🔺)	9.227s (+98.8% 🔺)	1.525s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.027s (+226.5% 🔺)	9.441s (+126.4% 🔺)	1.413s	4	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.291s (+221.2% 🔺)	9.524s (+119.0% 🔺)	1.233s	4	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.224s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.775s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s	2.008s	0.654s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.704s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.302s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.229s	0.349s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.038s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.470s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.431s	13	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.088s (+304.8% 🔺)	14.651s (+188.6% 🔺)	1.563s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.412s (+351.4% 🔺)	15.866s (+231.1% 🔺)	1.454s	2	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.876s (+564.3% 🔺)	22.658s (+401.1% 🔺)	1.782s	2	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.373s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.656s	2.008s	0.353s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.102s	4.726s	0.624s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Express	4.711s (-46.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-44.2% 🟢)	0.467s	6	3.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.903s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.216s (-38.0% 🟢)	0.313s	5	4.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.596s (+264.0% 🔺)	27.051s (+216.6% 🔺)	2.456s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.312s (+534.4% 🔺)	34.145s (+400.9% 🔺)	1.833s	1	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	170.137s (+2551.3% 🔺)	171.470s (+1996.6% 🔺)	1.333s	2	6.92x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.452s (-45.0% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.555s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.470s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.537s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.483s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.520s	60	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.516s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.505s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.708s	1.077s	0.369s	56	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.006s	0.297s	60	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.797s (-74.8% 🟢)	6.197s (-70.9% 🟢)	1.400s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.894s (-66.3% 🟢)	6.694s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.013s (-77.3% 🟢)	6.552s (-72.7% 🟢)	1.540s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.060s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.643s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.583s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.075s (-44.2% 🟢)	1.738s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.663s	52	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.210s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.792s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s	2.148s	0.491s	42	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.007s	0.350s	45	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.445s (-68.5% 🟢)	14.068s (-65.9% 🟢)	1.623s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.280s (-61.5% 🟢)	15.011s (-59.2% 🟢)	1.731s	6	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.924s (-72.0% 🟢)	16.233s (-68.6% 🟢)	2.309s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.039s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.477s (-43.3% 🟢)	0.438s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.147s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.719s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.572s	45	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.332s	40	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.233s	4.008s	0.775s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s	4.041s	0.709s	30	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	37.648s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.527s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.880s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	38.822s (-70.1% 🟢)	40.517s (-69.3% 🟢)	1.695s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.663s (-59.3% 🟢)	46.357s (-57.4% 🟢)	2.695s	3	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.183s (-35.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.822s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.197s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.809s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.235s	1.007s	0.772s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.413s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.591s	60	2.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.466s	1.003s	0.538s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.476s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.529s	60	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.413s (+167.7% 🔺)	7.594s (+100.2% 🔺)	2.180s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.396s (+345.3% 🔺)	8.768s (+161.7% 🔺)	1.372s	7	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.525s (+285.1% 🔺)	9.085s (+149.8% 🔺)	1.560s	7	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.317s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.322s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.445s	1.006s	0.561s	90	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.978s	2.508s	0.531s	36	6.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.238s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.976s (-1.1%)	0.738s	31	7.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.251s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.975s (-1.1%)	0.724s	31	7.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.752s (+187.3% 🔺)	10.444s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.692s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.459s (+224.2% 🔺)	12.147s (+151.9% 🔺)	1.688s	8	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.209s (+358.5% 🔺)	18.183s (+250.1% 🔺)	1.973s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.655s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.655s (-19.9% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s	1.283s	0.352s	94	1.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.789s	9.333s	0.544s	13	13.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.660s (-13.7% 🟢)	10.193s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.533s	12	14.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.410s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.029s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.620s	11	15.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.381s (+336.4% 🔺)	34.387s (+272.0% 🔺)	2.006s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	33.423s (+332.8% 🔺)	34.917s (+271.4% 🔺)	1.493s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	35.267s (+241.5% 🔺)	37.407s (+204.5% 🔺)	2.140s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.122s (+463.7% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.895s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.129s (+450.8% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.134s (+430.8% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-2.4%)	2.020s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.003s	0.008s	2.015s	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (+459.5% 🔺)	1.996s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.796s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.357s (-65.6% 🟢)	3.536s (-59.1% 🟢)	2.070s (+227.6% 🔺)	6.110s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.639s (-31.1% 🟢)	3.775s (-28.5% 🟢)	2.230s (+200.6% 🔺)	6.453s (~)	3.814s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+27.5% 🔺)	3.494s (-14.6% 🟢)	2.273s (+136.6% 🔺)	6.650s (+18.9% 🔺)	3.455s	10	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.511s (+142.0% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (+101.4% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+11.9% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.500s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.533s (+143.3% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (~)	2.027s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.494s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.684s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.342s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.721s (+105.1% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.481s	28	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.730s	2.007s	0.008s	2.197s	0.467s	28	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.830s (-76.8% 🟢)	7.982s (-74.1% 🟢)	0.240s (+114.5% 🔺)	8.643s (-72.8% 🟢)	1.813s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.918s (+21.7% 🔺)	9.075s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.191s (-53.3% 🟢)	9.655s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.737s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.370s (-38.7% 🟢)	12.271s (-32.7% 🟢)	0.308s (+46.0% 🔺)	13.028s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.658s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.670s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.061s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.391s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.675s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.029s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.367s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.072s	0.000s	1.079s	0.290s	56	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.216s	1.947s	0.000s	1.950s	0.734s	31	1.82x
💻 Local	Express	1.350s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-70.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.666s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+166.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.640s	30	2.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.197s (+37.6% 🔺)	5.144s (+17.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+18.2% 🔺)	5.584s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.387s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.490s (-46.1% 🟢)	7.054s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.503s (-37.7% 🟢)	2.013s	8	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.866s (+83.6% 🔺)	7.869s (+54.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	8.281s (+49.7% 🔺)	1.415s	8	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.321s (-25.5% 🟢)	2.069s (-5.0%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.089s (-5.0%)	0.769s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.067s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+189.7% 🔺)	2.079s (-4.4%)	0.702s	29	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.627s	2.225s	0.000s	2.232s	0.605s	27	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s	3.122s	0.001s	3.128s	0.523s	20	1.97x
💻 Local	Express	3.141s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-92.2% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.7%)	0.826s	16	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.159s (-6.7% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.970s (-1.7%)	0.810s	16	2.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	9.450s (+68.3% 🔺)	11.008s (+57.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	11.524s (+52.8% 🔺)	2.074s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.452s (+106.0% 🔺)	10.656s (+77.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	11.056s (+71.2% 🔺)	1.604s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.685s (+161.0% 🔺)	11.845s (+120.4% 🔺)	0.002s (+694.4% 🔺)	12.277s (+111.9% 🔺)	1.592s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	8/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #1963. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.

[ijjk]

This removes the instrumentation world setup stub that we had from the beginning but is not in our getting started docs https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next so this ensures we're testing what we actually tell users to do.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 98b0af2

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	0	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	0	176	903
Total	6817	0	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-24.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.005s	0.957s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.961s	10	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.056s (-4.3%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.012s	0.954s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.247s (-39.7% 🟢)	2.215s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.967s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.265s (+12.4% 🔺)	2.163s (+1.3%)	1.898s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.366s (+45.6% 🔺)	3.816s (+63.6% 🔺)	3.450s	10	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.074s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.931s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s	2.006s	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.085s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.085s (-4.8%)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s	2.010s	0.895s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.671s (-10.9% 🟢)	3.395s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.723s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.676s (-56.9% 🟢)	3.403s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.727s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.726s (-15.2% 🟢)	3.840s (~)	2.115s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.417s (-5.0%)	11.016s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.429s (-4.1%)	11.019s (~)	0.589s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.449s (-4.5%)	11.023s (~)	0.574s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.473s (-4.1%)	11.022s (~)	0.549s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.526s	11.020s	0.494s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.734s	11.019s	0.285s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.809s (-18.7% 🟢)	15.219s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.410s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.995s (-41.0% 🟢)	15.731s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.736s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.044s (-18.9% 🟢)	16.412s (-15.4% 🟢)	2.368s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.567s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.019s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.497s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.530s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.507s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.519s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.759s	14.024s	0.266s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.169s	15.017s	0.849s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	21.765s (-58.6% 🟢)	23.748s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.982s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.636s (-64.9% 🟢)	24.304s (-63.5% 🟢)	1.668s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.049s (-52.2% 🟢)	25.941s (-50.6% 🟢)	1.892s	3	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.971s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.428s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.981s (-14.5% 🟢)	12.392s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.411s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.117s (-13.2% 🟢)	12.874s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.757s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.158s (-26.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.867s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.432s	13.021s	0.590s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.203s	14.019s	0.815s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.074s (-74.4% 🟢)	32.709s (-73.5% 🟢)	1.635s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.322s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.708s (-91.5% 🟢)	2.386s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.631s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.673s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.042s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (-8.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.855s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.852s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.177s (-27.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.829s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.198s (-19.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.808s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.219s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.004s	0.751s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.925s (+3.8%)	4.484s (+3.7%)	1.559s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.605s (+26.0% 🔺)	5.210s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.605s	6	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.862s (+160.8% 🔺)	11.148s (+126.0% 🔺)	2.286s	4	3.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.226s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.229s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.778s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.355s	2.008s	0.653s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.640s (-44.5% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.365s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s	2.075s	0.354s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.917s (-39.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.233s	14	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.066s (+205.7% 🔺)	12.513s (+144.9% 🔺)	1.448s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	14.820s (+265.7% 🔺)	16.523s (+179.1% 🔺)	1.703s	3	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.075s (+112.3% 🔺)	17.375s (+95.1% 🔺)	2.300s	2	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.007s	0.358s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.010s	0.595s	8	2.48x
💻 Local	Express	4.111s (-50.7% 🟢)	4.725s (-47.7% 🟢)	0.613s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.310s (-36.4% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.537s	6	3.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.686s (+109.6% 🔺)	21.301s (+94.3% 🔺)	2.616s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.505s (+566.7% 🔺)	25.277s (+356.8% 🔺)	1.772s	2	1.26x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.832s (+485.7% 🔺)	26.807s (+337.5% 🔺)	1.974s	2	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.154s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.854s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.823s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.207s	2.009s	0.802s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.270s	2.005s	0.734s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.302s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-24.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.597s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.702s (+162.7% 🔺)	9.227s (+98.8% 🔺)	1.525s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.027s (+226.5% 🔺)	9.441s (+126.4% 🔺)	1.413s	4	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.291s (+221.2% 🔺)	9.524s (+119.0% 🔺)	1.233s	4	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.224s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.775s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s	2.008s	0.654s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.704s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.302s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.229s	0.349s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.038s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.470s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.431s	13	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.088s (+304.8% 🔺)	14.651s (+188.6% 🔺)	1.563s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.412s (+351.4% 🔺)	15.866s (+231.1% 🔺)	1.454s	2	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.876s (+564.3% 🔺)	22.658s (+401.1% 🔺)	1.782s	2	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.373s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.656s	2.008s	0.353s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.102s	4.726s	0.624s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Express	4.711s (-46.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-44.2% 🟢)	0.467s	6	3.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.903s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.216s (-38.0% 🟢)	0.313s	5	4.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.596s (+264.0% 🔺)	27.051s (+216.6% 🔺)	2.456s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.312s (+534.4% 🔺)	34.145s (+400.9% 🔺)	1.833s	1	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	170.137s (+2551.3% 🔺)	171.470s (+1996.6% 🔺)	1.333s	2	6.92x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.452s (-45.0% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.555s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.470s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.537s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.483s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.520s	60	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.516s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.505s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.708s	1.077s	0.369s	56	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.006s	0.297s	60	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.797s (-74.8% 🟢)	6.197s (-70.9% 🟢)	1.400s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.894s (-66.3% 🟢)	6.694s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.013s (-77.3% 🟢)	6.552s (-72.7% 🟢)	1.540s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.060s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.643s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.583s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.075s (-44.2% 🟢)	1.738s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.663s	52	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.210s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.792s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s	2.148s	0.491s	42	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.007s	0.350s	45	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.445s (-68.5% 🟢)	14.068s (-65.9% 🟢)	1.623s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.280s (-61.5% 🟢)	15.011s (-59.2% 🟢)	1.731s	6	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.924s (-72.0% 🟢)	16.233s (-68.6% 🟢)	2.309s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.039s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.477s (-43.3% 🟢)	0.438s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.147s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.719s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.572s	45	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.332s	40	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.233s	4.008s	0.775s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s	4.041s	0.709s	30	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	37.648s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.527s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.880s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	38.822s (-70.1% 🟢)	40.517s (-69.3% 🟢)	1.695s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.663s (-59.3% 🟢)	46.357s (-57.4% 🟢)	2.695s	3	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.183s (-35.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.822s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.197s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.809s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.235s	1.007s	0.772s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.413s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.591s	60	2.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.466s	1.003s	0.538s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.476s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.529s	60	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.413s (+167.7% 🔺)	7.594s (+100.2% 🔺)	2.180s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.396s (+345.3% 🔺)	8.768s (+161.7% 🔺)	1.372s	7	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.525s (+285.1% 🔺)	9.085s (+149.8% 🔺)	1.560s	7	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.317s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.322s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.445s	1.006s	0.561s	90	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.978s	2.508s	0.531s	36	6.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.238s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.976s (-1.1%)	0.738s	31	7.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.251s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.975s (-1.1%)	0.724s	31	7.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.752s (+187.3% 🔺)	10.444s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.692s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.459s (+224.2% 🔺)	12.147s (+151.9% 🔺)	1.688s	8	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.209s (+358.5% 🔺)	18.183s (+250.1% 🔺)	1.973s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.655s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.655s (-19.9% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s	1.283s	0.352s	94	1.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.789s	9.333s	0.544s	13	13.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.660s (-13.7% 🟢)	10.193s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.533s	12	14.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.410s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.029s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.620s	11	15.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.381s (+336.4% 🔺)	34.387s (+272.0% 🔺)	2.006s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	33.423s (+332.8% 🔺)	34.917s (+271.4% 🔺)	1.493s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	35.267s (+241.5% 🔺)	37.407s (+204.5% 🔺)	2.140s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.122s (+463.7% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.895s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.129s (+450.8% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.134s (+430.8% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-2.4%)	2.020s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.003s	0.008s	2.015s	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (+459.5% 🔺)	1.996s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.796s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.357s (-65.6% 🟢)	3.536s (-59.1% 🟢)	2.070s (+227.6% 🔺)	6.110s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.639s (-31.1% 🟢)	3.775s (-28.5% 🟢)	2.230s (+200.6% 🔺)	6.453s (~)	3.814s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+27.5% 🔺)	3.494s (-14.6% 🟢)	2.273s (+136.6% 🔺)	6.650s (+18.9% 🔺)	3.455s	10	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.511s (+142.0% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (+101.4% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+11.9% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.500s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.533s (+143.3% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (~)	2.027s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.494s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.684s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.342s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.721s (+105.1% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.481s	28	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.730s	2.007s	0.008s	2.197s	0.467s	28	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.830s (-76.8% 🟢)	7.982s (-74.1% 🟢)	0.240s (+114.5% 🔺)	8.643s (-72.8% 🟢)	1.813s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.918s (+21.7% 🔺)	9.075s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.191s (-53.3% 🟢)	9.655s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.737s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.370s (-38.7% 🟢)	12.271s (-32.7% 🟢)	0.308s (+46.0% 🔺)	13.028s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.658s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.670s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.061s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.391s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.675s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.029s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.367s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.072s	0.000s	1.079s	0.290s	56	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.216s	1.947s	0.000s	1.950s	0.734s	31	1.82x
💻 Local	Express	1.350s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-70.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.666s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+166.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.640s	30	2.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.197s (+37.6% 🔺)	5.144s (+17.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+18.2% 🔺)	5.584s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.387s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.490s (-46.1% 🟢)	7.054s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.503s (-37.7% 🟢)	2.013s	8	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.866s (+83.6% 🔺)	7.869s (+54.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	8.281s (+49.7% 🔺)	1.415s	8	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.321s (-25.5% 🟢)	2.069s (-5.0%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.089s (-5.0%)	0.769s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.067s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+189.7% 🔺)	2.079s (-4.4%)	0.702s	29	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.627s	2.225s	0.000s	2.232s	0.605s	27	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s	3.122s	0.001s	3.128s	0.523s	20	1.97x
💻 Local	Express	3.141s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-92.2% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.7%)	0.826s	16	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.159s (-6.7% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.970s (-1.7%)	0.810s	16	2.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	9.450s (+68.3% 🔺)	11.008s (+57.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	11.524s (+52.8% 🔺)	2.074s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.452s (+106.0% 🔺)	10.656s (+77.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	11.056s (+71.2% 🔺)	1.604s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.685s (+161.0% 🔺)	11.845s (+120.4% 🔺)	0.002s (+694.4% 🔺)	12.277s (+111.9% 🔺)	1.592s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	8/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #1963. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.

[ijjk]

This removes the instrumentation world setup stub that we had from the beginning but is not in our getting started docs https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next so this ensures we're testing what we actually tell users to do.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 98b0af2

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	0	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	0	176	903
Total	6817	0	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-24.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.005s	0.957s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.961s	10	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.056s (-4.3%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.012s	0.954s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.247s (-39.7% 🟢)	2.215s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.967s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.265s (+12.4% 🔺)	2.163s (+1.3%)	1.898s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.366s (+45.6% 🔺)	3.816s (+63.6% 🔺)	3.450s	10	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.074s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.931s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s	2.006s	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.085s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.085s (-4.8%)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s	2.010s	0.895s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.671s (-10.9% 🟢)	3.395s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.723s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.676s (-56.9% 🟢)	3.403s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.727s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.726s (-15.2% 🟢)	3.840s (~)	2.115s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.417s (-5.0%)	11.016s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.429s (-4.1%)	11.019s (~)	0.589s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.449s (-4.5%)	11.023s (~)	0.574s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.473s (-4.1%)	11.022s (~)	0.549s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.526s	11.020s	0.494s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.734s	11.019s	0.285s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.809s (-18.7% 🟢)	15.219s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.410s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.995s (-41.0% 🟢)	15.731s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.736s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.044s (-18.9% 🟢)	16.412s (-15.4% 🟢)	2.368s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.567s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.019s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.497s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.530s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.507s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.519s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.759s	14.024s	0.266s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.169s	15.017s	0.849s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	21.765s (-58.6% 🟢)	23.748s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.982s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.636s (-64.9% 🟢)	24.304s (-63.5% 🟢)	1.668s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.049s (-52.2% 🟢)	25.941s (-50.6% 🟢)	1.892s	3	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.971s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.428s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.981s (-14.5% 🟢)	12.392s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.411s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.117s (-13.2% 🟢)	12.874s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.757s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.158s (-26.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.867s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.432s	13.021s	0.590s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.203s	14.019s	0.815s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.074s (-74.4% 🟢)	32.709s (-73.5% 🟢)	1.635s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.322s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.708s (-91.5% 🟢)	2.386s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.631s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.673s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.042s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (-8.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.855s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.852s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.177s (-27.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.829s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.198s (-19.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.808s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.219s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.004s	0.751s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.925s (+3.8%)	4.484s (+3.7%)	1.559s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.605s (+26.0% 🔺)	5.210s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.605s	6	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.862s (+160.8% 🔺)	11.148s (+126.0% 🔺)	2.286s	4	3.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.226s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.229s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.778s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.355s	2.008s	0.653s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.640s (-44.5% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.365s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s	2.075s	0.354s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.917s (-39.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.233s	14	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.066s (+205.7% 🔺)	12.513s (+144.9% 🔺)	1.448s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	14.820s (+265.7% 🔺)	16.523s (+179.1% 🔺)	1.703s	3	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.075s (+112.3% 🔺)	17.375s (+95.1% 🔺)	2.300s	2	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.007s	0.358s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.010s	0.595s	8	2.48x
💻 Local	Express	4.111s (-50.7% 🟢)	4.725s (-47.7% 🟢)	0.613s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.310s (-36.4% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.537s	6	3.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.686s (+109.6% 🔺)	21.301s (+94.3% 🔺)	2.616s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.505s (+566.7% 🔺)	25.277s (+356.8% 🔺)	1.772s	2	1.26x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.832s (+485.7% 🔺)	26.807s (+337.5% 🔺)	1.974s	2	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.154s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.854s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.823s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.207s	2.009s	0.802s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.270s	2.005s	0.734s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.302s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-24.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.597s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.702s (+162.7% 🔺)	9.227s (+98.8% 🔺)	1.525s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.027s (+226.5% 🔺)	9.441s (+126.4% 🔺)	1.413s	4	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.291s (+221.2% 🔺)	9.524s (+119.0% 🔺)	1.233s	4	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.224s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.775s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s	2.008s	0.654s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.704s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.302s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.229s	0.349s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.038s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.470s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.431s	13	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.088s (+304.8% 🔺)	14.651s (+188.6% 🔺)	1.563s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.412s (+351.4% 🔺)	15.866s (+231.1% 🔺)	1.454s	2	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.876s (+564.3% 🔺)	22.658s (+401.1% 🔺)	1.782s	2	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.373s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.656s	2.008s	0.353s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.102s	4.726s	0.624s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Express	4.711s (-46.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-44.2% 🟢)	0.467s	6	3.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.903s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.216s (-38.0% 🟢)	0.313s	5	4.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.596s (+264.0% 🔺)	27.051s (+216.6% 🔺)	2.456s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.312s (+534.4% 🔺)	34.145s (+400.9% 🔺)	1.833s	1	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	170.137s (+2551.3% 🔺)	171.470s (+1996.6% 🔺)	1.333s	2	6.92x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.452s (-45.0% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.555s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.470s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.537s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.483s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.520s	60	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.516s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.505s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.708s	1.077s	0.369s	56	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.006s	0.297s	60	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.797s (-74.8% 🟢)	6.197s (-70.9% 🟢)	1.400s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.894s (-66.3% 🟢)	6.694s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.013s (-77.3% 🟢)	6.552s (-72.7% 🟢)	1.540s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.060s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.643s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.583s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.075s (-44.2% 🟢)	1.738s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.663s	52	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.210s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.792s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s	2.148s	0.491s	42	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.007s	0.350s	45	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.445s (-68.5% 🟢)	14.068s (-65.9% 🟢)	1.623s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.280s (-61.5% 🟢)	15.011s (-59.2% 🟢)	1.731s	6	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.924s (-72.0% 🟢)	16.233s (-68.6% 🟢)	2.309s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.039s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.477s (-43.3% 🟢)	0.438s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.147s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.719s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.572s	45	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.332s	40	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.233s	4.008s	0.775s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s	4.041s	0.709s	30	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	37.648s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.527s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.880s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	38.822s (-70.1% 🟢)	40.517s (-69.3% 🟢)	1.695s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.663s (-59.3% 🟢)	46.357s (-57.4% 🟢)	2.695s	3	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.183s (-35.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.822s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.197s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.809s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.235s	1.007s	0.772s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.413s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.591s	60	2.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.466s	1.003s	0.538s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.476s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.529s	60	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.413s (+167.7% 🔺)	7.594s (+100.2% 🔺)	2.180s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.396s (+345.3% 🔺)	8.768s (+161.7% 🔺)	1.372s	7	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.525s (+285.1% 🔺)	9.085s (+149.8% 🔺)	1.560s	7	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.317s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.322s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.445s	1.006s	0.561s	90	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.978s	2.508s	0.531s	36	6.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.238s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.976s (-1.1%)	0.738s	31	7.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.251s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.975s (-1.1%)	0.724s	31	7.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.752s (+187.3% 🔺)	10.444s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.692s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.459s (+224.2% 🔺)	12.147s (+151.9% 🔺)	1.688s	8	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.209s (+358.5% 🔺)	18.183s (+250.1% 🔺)	1.973s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.655s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.655s (-19.9% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s	1.283s	0.352s	94	1.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.789s	9.333s	0.544s	13	13.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.660s (-13.7% 🟢)	10.193s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.533s	12	14.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.410s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.029s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.620s	11	15.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.381s (+336.4% 🔺)	34.387s (+272.0% 🔺)	2.006s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	33.423s (+332.8% 🔺)	34.917s (+271.4% 🔺)	1.493s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	35.267s (+241.5% 🔺)	37.407s (+204.5% 🔺)	2.140s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.122s (+463.7% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.895s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.129s (+450.8% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.134s (+430.8% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-2.4%)	2.020s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.003s	0.008s	2.015s	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (+459.5% 🔺)	1.996s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.796s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.357s (-65.6% 🟢)	3.536s (-59.1% 🟢)	2.070s (+227.6% 🔺)	6.110s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.639s (-31.1% 🟢)	3.775s (-28.5% 🟢)	2.230s (+200.6% 🔺)	6.453s (~)	3.814s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+27.5% 🔺)	3.494s (-14.6% 🟢)	2.273s (+136.6% 🔺)	6.650s (+18.9% 🔺)	3.455s	10	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.511s (+142.0% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (+101.4% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+11.9% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.500s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.533s (+143.3% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (~)	2.027s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.494s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.684s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.342s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.721s (+105.1% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.481s	28	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.730s	2.007s	0.008s	2.197s	0.467s	28	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.830s (-76.8% 🟢)	7.982s (-74.1% 🟢)	0.240s (+114.5% 🔺)	8.643s (-72.8% 🟢)	1.813s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.918s (+21.7% 🔺)	9.075s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.191s (-53.3% 🟢)	9.655s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.737s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.370s (-38.7% 🟢)	12.271s (-32.7% 🟢)	0.308s (+46.0% 🔺)	13.028s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.658s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.670s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.061s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.391s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.675s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.029s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.367s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.072s	0.000s	1.079s	0.290s	56	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.216s	1.947s	0.000s	1.950s	0.734s	31	1.82x
💻 Local	Express	1.350s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-70.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.666s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+166.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.640s	30	2.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.197s (+37.6% 🔺)	5.144s (+17.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+18.2% 🔺)	5.584s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.387s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.490s (-46.1% 🟢)	7.054s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.503s (-37.7% 🟢)	2.013s	8	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.866s (+83.6% 🔺)	7.869s (+54.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	8.281s (+49.7% 🔺)	1.415s	8	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.321s (-25.5% 🟢)	2.069s (-5.0%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.089s (-5.0%)	0.769s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.067s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+189.7% 🔺)	2.079s (-4.4%)	0.702s	29	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.627s	2.225s	0.000s	2.232s	0.605s	27	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s	3.122s	0.001s	3.128s	0.523s	20	1.97x
💻 Local	Express	3.141s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-92.2% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.7%)	0.826s	16	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.159s (-6.7% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.970s (-1.7%)	0.810s	16	2.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	9.450s (+68.3% 🔺)	11.008s (+57.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	11.524s (+52.8% 🔺)	2.074s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.452s (+106.0% 🔺)	10.656s (+77.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	11.056s (+71.2% 🔺)	1.604s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.685s (+161.0% 🔺)	11.845s (+120.4% 🔺)	0.002s (+694.4% 🔺)	12.277s (+111.9% 🔺)	1.592s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	8/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #1963. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.

[ijjk]

This removes the instrumentation world setup stub that we had from the beginning but is not in our getting started docs https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next so this ensures we're testing what we actually tell users to do.

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 98b0af2

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 9, 2026 4:39pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1200	0	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
✅ 📋 Other	727	0	176	903
Total	6817	0	1052	7869

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-24.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.034s (-22.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.972s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.005s	0.957s	10	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.051s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.961s	10	1.52x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.056s (-4.3%)	1.011s (~)	0.956s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.058s	1.012s	0.954s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.247s (-39.7% 🟢)	2.215s (-11.7% 🟢)	1.967s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.265s (+12.4% 🔺)	2.163s (+1.3%)	1.898s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.366s (+45.6% 🔺)	3.816s (+63.6% 🔺)	3.450s	10	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.074s (-5.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.074s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.931s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s	2.006s	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.085s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.085s (-4.8%)	2.010s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.115s	2.010s	0.895s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.671s (-10.9% 🟢)	3.395s (-10.8% 🟢)	1.723s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.676s (-56.9% 🟢)	3.403s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.727s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.726s (-15.2% 🟢)	3.840s (~)	2.115s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.417s (-5.0%)	11.016s (~)	0.599s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.429s (-4.1%)	11.019s (~)	0.589s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.449s (-4.5%)	11.023s (~)	0.574s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.473s (-4.1%)	11.022s (~)	0.549s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.526s	11.020s	0.494s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.734s	11.019s	0.285s	3	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.809s (-18.7% 🟢)	15.219s (-24.0% 🟢)	1.410s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.995s (-41.0% 🟢)	15.731s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.736s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.044s (-18.9% 🟢)	16.412s (-15.4% 🟢)	2.368s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.452s (-7.8% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.567s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.019s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.551s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.497s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.530s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.507s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.519s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.759s	14.024s	0.266s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.169s	15.017s	0.849s	4	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	21.765s (-58.6% 🟢)	23.748s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.982s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.636s (-64.9% 🟢)	24.304s (-63.5% 🟢)	1.668s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.049s (-52.2% 🟢)	25.941s (-50.6% 🟢)	1.892s	3	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.971s (-28.7% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.428s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.981s (-14.5% 🟢)	12.392s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.411s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.117s (-13.2% 🟢)	12.874s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.757s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.158s (-26.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.867s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.432s	13.021s	0.590s	7	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.203s	14.019s	0.815s	7	1.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	31.074s (-74.4% 🟢)	32.709s (-73.5% 🟢)	1.635s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.322s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.708s (-91.5% 🟢)	2.386s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.631s (-92.3% 🟢)	34.673s (-91.8% 🟢)	2.042s	3	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (-8.6% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.855s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.156s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.852s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.177s (-27.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.829s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.198s (-19.5% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.808s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.219s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.004s	0.751s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.925s (+3.8%)	4.484s (+3.7%)	1.559s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.605s (+26.0% 🔺)	5.210s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.605s	6	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.862s (+160.8% 🔺)	11.148s (+126.0% 🔺)	2.286s	4	3.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.226s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.782s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.229s (-47.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.778s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.355s	2.008s	0.653s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.640s (-44.5% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.365s	15	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.721s	2.075s	0.354s	15	1.40x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.917s (-39.0% 🟢)	2.150s (-44.7% 🟢)	0.233s	14	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.066s (+205.7% 🔺)	12.513s (+144.9% 🔺)	1.448s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	14.820s (+265.7% 🔺)	16.523s (+179.1% 🔺)	1.703s	3	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.075s (+112.3% 🔺)	17.375s (+95.1% 🔺)	2.300s	2	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.5% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.007s	0.358s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.415s	4.010s	0.595s	8	2.48x
💻 Local	Express	4.111s (-50.7% 🟢)	4.725s (-47.7% 🟢)	0.613s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.310s (-36.4% 🟢)	5.847s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.537s	6	3.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	18.686s (+109.6% 🔺)	21.301s (+94.3% 🔺)	2.616s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.505s (+566.7% 🔺)	25.277s (+356.8% 🔺)	1.772s	2	1.26x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.832s (+485.7% 🔺)	26.807s (+337.5% 🔺)	1.974s	2	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.154s (-8.2% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.854s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.823s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.207s	2.009s	0.802s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.270s	2.005s	0.734s	15	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.302s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-24.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.597s	15	1.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	7.702s (+162.7% 🔺)	9.227s (+98.8% 🔺)	1.525s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	8.027s (+226.5% 🔺)	9.441s (+126.4% 🔺)	1.413s	4	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.291s (+221.2% 🔺)	9.524s (+119.0% 🔺)	1.233s	4	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.224s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.233s (-47.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.775s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.353s	2.008s	0.654s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.704s (-45.6% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.302s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.229s	0.349s	14	1.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.038s (-33.5% 🟢)	2.470s (-36.5% 🟢)	0.431s	13	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.088s (+304.8% 🔺)	14.651s (+188.6% 🔺)	1.563s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.412s (+351.4% 🔺)	15.866s (+231.1% 🔺)	1.454s	2	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.876s (+564.3% 🔺)	22.658s (+401.1% 🔺)	1.782s	2	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.373s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.635s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.378s (-60.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.629s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.656s	2.008s	0.353s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.102s	4.726s	0.624s	7	2.99x
💻 Local	Express	4.711s (-46.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-44.2% 🟢)	0.467s	6	3.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.903s (-35.4% 🟢)	6.216s (-38.0% 🟢)	0.313s	5	4.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.596s (+264.0% 🔺)	27.051s (+216.6% 🔺)	2.456s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	32.312s (+534.4% 🔺)	34.145s (+400.9% 🔺)	1.833s	1	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	170.137s (+2551.3% 🔺)	171.470s (+1996.6% 🔺)	1.333s	2	6.92x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.452s (-45.0% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.555s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.470s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.537s	60	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	0.483s (-50.9% 🟢)	1.003s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.520s	60	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.516s (-47.4% 🟢)	1.021s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.505s	59	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.708s	1.077s	0.369s	56	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.709s	1.006s	0.297s	60	1.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.797s (-74.8% 🟢)	6.197s (-70.9% 🟢)	1.400s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.894s (-66.3% 🟢)	6.694s (-58.4% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.013s (-77.3% 🟢)	6.552s (-72.7% 🟢)	1.540s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.060s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.643s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.583s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.075s (-44.2% 🟢)	1.738s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.663s	52	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.210s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.213s (-59.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.792s	45	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s	2.148s	0.491s	42	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.007s	0.350s	45	1.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.445s (-68.5% 🟢)	14.068s (-65.9% 🟢)	1.623s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	13.280s (-61.5% 🟢)	15.011s (-59.2% 🟢)	1.731s	6	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.924s (-72.0% 🟢)	16.233s (-68.6% 🟢)	2.309s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.039s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.477s (-43.3% 🟢)	0.438s	49	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.147s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.719s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.572s	45	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.675s (-71.0% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.332s	40	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.725s (-70.7% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.283s	40	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.233s	4.008s	0.775s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s	4.041s	0.709s	30	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	37.648s (-61.2% 🟢)	39.527s (-59.8% 🟢)	1.880s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	38.822s (-70.1% 🟢)	40.517s (-69.3% 🟢)	1.695s	3	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	43.663s (-59.3% 🟢)	46.357s (-57.4% 🟢)	2.695s	3	1.16x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.183s (-35.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.822s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.197s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.809s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.235s	1.007s	0.772s	60	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.413s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.591s	60	2.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.466s	1.003s	0.538s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.476s (-21.3% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.529s	60	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.413s (+167.7% 🔺)	7.594s (+100.2% 🔺)	2.180s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.396s (+345.3% 🔺)	8.768s (+161.7% 🔺)	1.372s	7	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.525s (+285.1% 🔺)	9.085s (+149.8% 🔺)	1.560s	7	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.317s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.689s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.322s (-36.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.684s	90	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.445s	1.006s	0.561s	90	1.40x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.978s	2.508s	0.531s	36	6.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.238s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.976s (-1.1%)	0.738s	31	7.06x
💻 Local	Express	2.251s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.975s (-1.1%)	0.724s	31	7.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.752s (+187.3% 🔺)	10.444s (+117.2% 🔺)	1.692s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.459s (+224.2% 🔺)	12.147s (+151.9% 🔺)	1.688s	8	1.20x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.209s (+358.5% 🔺)	18.183s (+250.1% 🔺)	1.973s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.655s (-17.2% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.655s (-19.9% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.351s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.931s	1.283s	0.352s	94	1.42x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.789s	9.333s	0.544s	13	13.43x
💻 Local	Express	9.660s (-13.7% 🟢)	10.193s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.533s	12	14.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.410s (-7.0% 🟢)	11.029s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.620s	11	15.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	32.381s (+336.4% 🔺)	34.387s (+272.0% 🔺)	2.006s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	33.423s (+332.8% 🔺)	34.917s (+271.4% 🔺)	1.493s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	35.267s (+241.5% 🔺)	37.407s (+204.5% 🔺)	2.140s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.122s (+463.7% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.895s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.129s (+450.8% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-13.3% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.880s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.134s (+430.8% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.012s (-2.4%)	2.020s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.139s	2.003s	0.008s	2.015s	0.876s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.147s (+459.5% 🔺)	1.996s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.011s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.863s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.796s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.357s (-65.6% 🟢)	3.536s (-59.1% 🟢)	2.070s (+227.6% 🔺)	6.110s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.753s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.639s (-31.1% 🟢)	3.775s (-28.5% 🟢)	2.230s (+200.6% 🔺)	6.453s (~)	3.814s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+27.5% 🔺)	3.494s (-14.6% 🟢)	2.273s (+136.6% 🔺)	6.650s (+18.9% 🔺)	3.455s	10	1.36x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.511s (+142.0% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.525s (+101.4% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.6% 🔺)	0.011s (+11.9% 🔺)	2.025s (+94.7% 🔺)	0.500s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.533s (+143.3% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.004s (~)	2.027s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.494s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.684s	2.010s	0.004s	2.026s	0.342s	30	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.721s (+105.1% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.202s (+97.3% 🔺)	0.481s	28	1.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.730s	2.007s	0.008s	2.197s	0.467s	28	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.830s (-76.8% 🟢)	7.982s (-74.1% 🟢)	0.240s (+114.5% 🔺)	8.643s (-72.8% 🟢)	1.813s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	7.918s (+21.7% 🔺)	9.075s (+13.3% 🔺)	0.191s (-53.3% 🟢)	9.655s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.737s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.370s (-38.7% 🟢)	12.271s (-32.7% 🟢)	0.308s (+46.0% 🔺)	13.028s (-31.2% 🟢)	2.658s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.670s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.051s (-17.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.061s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.391s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.675s (-30.3% 🟢)	1.029s (-17.5% 🟢)	0.000s (+106.9% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.367s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.789s	1.072s	0.000s	1.079s	0.290s	56	1.18x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.216s	1.947s	0.000s	1.950s	0.734s	31	1.82x
💻 Local	Express	1.350s (+10.2% 🔺)	2.014s (~)	0.000s (-70.0% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.666s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.377s (+12.6% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+166.7% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.640s	30	2.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.197s (+37.6% 🔺)	5.144s (+17.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+18.2% 🔺)	5.584s (+16.1% 🔺)	1.387s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.490s (-46.1% 🟢)	7.054s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.002s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.503s (-37.7% 🟢)	2.013s	8	1.31x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.866s (+83.6% 🔺)	7.869s (+54.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-31.3% 🟢)	8.281s (+49.7% 🔺)	1.415s	8	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.321s (-25.5% 🟢)	2.069s (-5.0%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.089s (-5.0%)	0.769s	29	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.067s (-3.5%)	0.000s (+189.7% 🔺)	2.079s (-4.4%)	0.702s	29	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.627s	2.225s	0.000s	2.232s	0.605s	27	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s	3.122s	0.001s	3.128s	0.523s	20	1.97x
💻 Local	Express	3.141s (-9.4% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-92.2% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.7%)	0.826s	16	2.38x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.159s (-6.7% 🟢)	3.967s (-1.6%)	0.001s (+17.2% 🔺)	3.970s (-1.7%)	0.810s	16	2.39x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	9.450s (+68.3% 🔺)	11.008s (+57.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)	11.524s (+52.8% 🔺)	2.074s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.452s (+106.0% 🔺)	10.656s (+77.0% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	11.056s (+71.2% 🔺)	1.604s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	10.685s (+161.0% 🔺)	11.845s (+120.4% 🔺)	0.002s (+694.4% 🔺)	12.277s (+111.9% 🔺)	1.592s	6	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	8/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	13/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	18/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #1963. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully.