Forward-port stable CI hardening

[pranaygp]

Summary

Forward-ports the stable CI hardening from #1986 onto main now that it has landed in stable.

This carries over the production-code stability fixes and the applicable test harness updates:

• bound queue-based health checks so queue delivery, stream opening, stream reads, and poll sleeps all share the requested timeout budget
• add abort signals to Vercel stream write/close mutations so stuck stream writes fail and retry instead of pinning steps indefinitely
• wait for step return stream serialization before recording step_completed
• materialize manual webhook response bodies before returning from hook resume handling
• speed up local workflow port detection by checking Node/libuv listening handles before slower OS-specific fallbacks
• make generated workflow health endpoints support HEAD, including Astro, SvelteKit, Nest, and combined generated routes on main
• share route-export replacement logic that handles embedded source map comments and throws when wrapping fails

Forward-port note

This PR should not be backported. It is itself a forward-port of changes that already landed on stable in #1986.

Additional changes made on main

After the initial forward-port, CI exposed a few failures that were not fixed by the original #1986 changes alone. These are intentionally called out as extra stabilization work on top of the stable forward-port:

• V2 background step continuations now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of letting every completed background step handler continue replay inline. In CI, the inline replay path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, producing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild for modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file path only rebuilt existing esbuild contexts, which updated generated route code but did not refresh the workflow manifest when an API route import graph changed. The nextjs-webpack dev CI test for adding a workflow file was timing out on that stale manifest.
• The dev E2E harness was adjusted to match the Next workbench layout: added workflow files are imported through the app-root @/workflows/... alias, the Next POST route is hit so the module actually compiles, and cleanup gets a longer timeout for slower Windows dev-server prewarm/teardown.

These additions are still part of making main stable after the forward-port, but they are not meant to change the no-backport decision: this PR is itself a forward-port, and the extra changes are for failures observed on this main PR.

Validation

• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm --filter @workflow/core... --filter @workflow/world-vercel... --filter @workflow/builders... build
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec vitest run packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec biome check .changeset/stable-ci-e2e-cleanup.md packages/astro/src/builder.ts packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts packages/builders/src/index.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.ts packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts packages/core/e2e/utils.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts packages/nest/src/workflow.controller.ts packages/sveltekit/src/builder.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.test.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.ts (warnings only: existing complexity/style warnings)
• git diff --check HEAD~1..HEAD

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 459bc08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/utils	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
tarballs	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/errors	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1199	1	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1348	0	200	1548
❌ 📦 Local Production	1577	10	219	1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	1584	3	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	724	3	176	903
Total	6561	17	1033	7611

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

express (1 failed):

• utf8StreamWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ4DSTRAKCRYNBHBDJTM6AJ | 🔍 observability

📦 Local Production (10 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

hono-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nitro-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

🐘 Local Postgres (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ48T4PQ7QA010AR1EMJBXX

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

📋 Other (3 failed)

e2e-local-dev-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
❌ express	102	1	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
❌ express-stable	103	1	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
❌ hono-stable	103	1	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nitro-stable	103	1	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
❌ sveltekit-stable	122	1	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	103	1	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	103	1	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	103	1	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.030s (-31.6% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (-23.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.035s	1.004s	0.969s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.043s (-25.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.048s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.011s (-3.0%)	0.963s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s	1.012s	0.960s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.446s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.409s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.963s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.065s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.941s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.066s	2.006s	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.071s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.080s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.081s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.927s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s	2.008s	0.918s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.649s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.776s (-0.8%)	2.127s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.401s (-5.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.620s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.402s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.619s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.410s	11.020s	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.413s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.602s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.425s (-4.9%)	11.012s (~)	0.587s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.524s	11.019s	0.495s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.523s (-20.4% 🟢)	15.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.742s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.406s	14.026s	0.620s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.461s (-10.6% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.566s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.489s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.528s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.508s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.518s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.663s	14.023s	0.361s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.355s (-57.6% 🟢)	23.458s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.103s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.813s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.208s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.838s	12.021s	0.183s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.893s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.147s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.255s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.041s (-14.0% 🟢)	12.514s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.473s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.044s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.475s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.422s	13.016s	0.594s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.298s (-72.5% 🟢)	35.645s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.348s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.127s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.880s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.135s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.181s (-20.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.825s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.190s (-27.0% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.815s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s	2.005s	0.810s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.220s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.695s (-5.8% 🟢)	4.697s (+1.6%)	2.002s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.181s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.826s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.194s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.813s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s	2.009s	0.630s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s	2.004s	0.611s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.762s (-40.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.243s	15	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.812s (-42.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.193s	15	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (~)	5.286s (+3.4%)	1.672s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.311s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.007s	0.337s	15	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.751s	4.439s	0.688s	7	2.96x
💻 Local	Express	4.495s (-46.1% 🟢)	5.010s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.514s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.333s (-36.1% 🟢)	6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.680s	5	4.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.082s (+90.6% 🔺)	10.231s (+67.0% 🔺)	2.149s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.126s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.881s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.131s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.877s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.156s	2.005s	0.849s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.208s (-36.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.798s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.010s	0.801s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.222s (-34.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.069s (+18.9% 🔺)	5.001s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.932s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.178s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.831s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.804s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s	2.010s	0.645s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.887s (-39.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.119s	15	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.888s (-38.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.117s	15	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.666s (+14.8% 🔺)	5.322s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.656s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.312s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.009s	0.351s	15	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.686s	4.295s	0.609s	7	2.91x
💻 Local	Express	5.452s (-38.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.560s	5	4.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.564s (-39.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.447s	5	4.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.066s (-21.1% 🟢)	6.658s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.592s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.440s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.568s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.463s (-53.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.541s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.463s (-44.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.560s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.474s (-51.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.530s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.537s	1.012s	0.476s	60	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.553s	1.007s	0.453s	60	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.483s (-71.2% 🟢)	6.989s (-67.2% 🟢)	1.506s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.025s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.613s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.589s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.844s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.757s	49	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.151s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (-61.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.831s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s	2.030s	0.750s	45	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.031s	0.727s	45	1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.876s (-62.7% 🟢)	15.083s (-59.0% 🟢)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.976s (-50.5% 🟢)	2.314s (-47.0% 🟢)	0.339s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.204s (-46.3% 🟢)	2.912s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.709s	42	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.402s	3.034s	0.632s	40	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.627s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.380s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.647s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.360s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.800s	3.309s	0.509s	37	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	39.900s (-69.3% 🟢)	41.994s (-68.2% 🟢)	2.095s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.165s (-41.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.841s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.178s (-37.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.828s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.218s	1.006s	0.788s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.361s	1.005s	0.644s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.380s (-32.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.624s	60	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.388s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.8%)	0.616s	60	2.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.572s (+31.6% 🔺)	4.350s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.778s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.274s (-46.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.731s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.399s	1.006s	0.607s	90	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.718s	2.007s	0.289s	45	6.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.949s (-22.5% 🟢)	2.402s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.453s	38	7.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.534s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.532s	36	7.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.424s (+110.9% 🔺)	8.128s (+69.1% 🔺)	1.704s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.548s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.2%)	0.458s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.593s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.413s	120	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.807s	1.006s	0.199s	120	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.490s	9.022s	0.532s	14	15.50x
💻 Local	Express	9.545s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.107s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.561s	12	17.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.876s (-11.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.398s	12	18.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.131s (+117.4% 🔺)	17.804s (+92.6% 🔺)	1.673s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.113s (+459.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.117s (+422.5% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.003s	0.008s	2.014s	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.124s (+448.1% 🔺)	2.002s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.002s (~)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.887s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.6% 🔺)	2.000s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.153s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.859s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.137s (-14.7% 🟢)	3.233s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.512s (-1.4%)	3.375s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.508s (+99.1% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.022s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.512s (+140.0% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.003s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.023s (+97.7% 🔺)	0.511s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.514s (+142.7% 🔺)	2.009s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.510s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.523s (+81.5% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.010s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.499s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.582s	2.010s	0.004s	2.025s	0.443s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.648s	2.008s	0.009s	2.198s	0.550s	28	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.009s (-7.6% 🟢)	7.281s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.360s (-11.8% 🟢)	8.139s (-7.9% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.607s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.035s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.435s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.614s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.034s (-19.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.3% 🟢)	0.428s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.700s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.360s	57	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.945s	1.189s	0.000s	1.192s	0.246s	51	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.949s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.236s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+360.0% 🔺)	1.238s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.289s	50	1.56x
💻 Local	Express	1.029s (-16.0% 🟢)	1.095s (-45.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.195s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.166s	51	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.629s (-3.0%)	4.700s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.188s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.559s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.191s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.905s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.944s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.753s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-29.9% 🟢)	2.001s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.024s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.767s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s	2.183s	0.000s	2.191s	0.806s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.467s	3.027s	0.001s	3.031s	0.564s	20	2.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.716s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.424s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.427s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.711s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.837s (-18.2% 🟢)	3.296s (-18.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-47.4% 🟢)	3.300s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.463s	19	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.303s (+15.6% 🔺)	7.004s (+16.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.529s (+16.6% 🔺)	2.226s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	14/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	11/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Added a note to the PR description calling out the extra changes I made after the initial forward-port.

For visibility here too: these changes are deviations from the original #1986 payload, and they were added because CI on the main PR exposed failures that the stable forward-port alone did not cover:

• V2 background step handlers now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of replaying inline from every completed background handler. The old path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, causing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild on modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file rebuild refreshed generated route code but left the workflow manifest stale when an API route import graph changed, which is why the nextjs-webpack dev test timed out after adding a workflow file.
• The dev E2E harness now imports the added workflow through the app-root @/workflows/... alias for Next, triggers the POST route so the module is actually compiled, and gives cleanup more time for slower Windows dev-server teardown.

These are still in service of making this forward-port pass on main, but they are intentionally called out as additional main stabilization work rather than changes that came directly from #1986. The no-backport note still applies: this PR itself should not be backported.

[pranaygp]

Summary

Forward-ports the stable CI hardening from #1986 onto main now that it has landed in stable.

This carries over the production-code stability fixes and the applicable test harness updates:

• bound queue-based health checks so queue delivery, stream opening, stream reads, and poll sleeps all share the requested timeout budget
• add abort signals to Vercel stream write/close mutations so stuck stream writes fail and retry instead of pinning steps indefinitely
• wait for step return stream serialization before recording step_completed
• materialize manual webhook response bodies before returning from hook resume handling
• speed up local workflow port detection by checking Node/libuv listening handles before slower OS-specific fallbacks
• make generated workflow health endpoints support HEAD, including Astro, SvelteKit, Nest, and combined generated routes on main
• share route-export replacement logic that handles embedded source map comments and throws when wrapping fails

Forward-port note

This PR should not be backported. It is itself a forward-port of changes that already landed on stable in #1986.

Additional changes made on main

After the initial forward-port, CI exposed a few failures that were not fixed by the original #1986 changes alone. These are intentionally called out as extra stabilization work on top of the stable forward-port:

• V2 background step continuations now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of letting every completed background step handler continue replay inline. In CI, the inline replay path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, producing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild for modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file path only rebuilt existing esbuild contexts, which updated generated route code but did not refresh the workflow manifest when an API route import graph changed. The nextjs-webpack dev CI test for adding a workflow file was timing out on that stale manifest.
• The dev E2E harness was adjusted to match the Next workbench layout: added workflow files are imported through the app-root @/workflows/... alias, the Next POST route is hit so the module actually compiles, and cleanup gets a longer timeout for slower Windows dev-server prewarm/teardown.

These additions are still part of making main stable after the forward-port, but they are not meant to change the no-backport decision: this PR is itself a forward-port, and the extra changes are for failures observed on this main PR.

Validation

• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm --filter @workflow/core... --filter @workflow/world-vercel... --filter @workflow/builders... build
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec vitest run packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec biome check .changeset/stable-ci-e2e-cleanup.md packages/astro/src/builder.ts packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts packages/builders/src/index.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.ts packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts packages/core/e2e/utils.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts packages/nest/src/workflow.controller.ts packages/sveltekit/src/builder.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.test.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.ts (warnings only: existing complexity/style warnings)
• git diff --check HEAD~1..HEAD

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 459bc08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/utils	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
tarballs	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/errors	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1199	1	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1348	0	200	1548
❌ 📦 Local Production	1577	10	219	1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	1584	3	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	724	3	176	903
Total	6561	17	1033	7611

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

express (1 failed):

• utf8StreamWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ4DSTRAKCRYNBHBDJTM6AJ | 🔍 observability

📦 Local Production (10 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

hono-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nitro-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

🐘 Local Postgres (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ48T4PQ7QA010AR1EMJBXX

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

📋 Other (3 failed)

e2e-local-dev-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
❌ express	102	1	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
❌ express-stable	103	1	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
❌ hono-stable	103	1	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nitro-stable	103	1	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
❌ sveltekit-stable	122	1	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	103	1	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	103	1	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	103	1	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.030s (-31.6% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (-23.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.035s	1.004s	0.969s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.043s (-25.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.048s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.011s (-3.0%)	0.963s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s	1.012s	0.960s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.446s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.409s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.963s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.065s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.941s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.066s	2.006s	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.071s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.080s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.081s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.927s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s	2.008s	0.918s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.649s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.776s (-0.8%)	2.127s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.401s (-5.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.620s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.402s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.619s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.410s	11.020s	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.413s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.602s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.425s (-4.9%)	11.012s (~)	0.587s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.524s	11.019s	0.495s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.523s (-20.4% 🟢)	15.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.742s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.406s	14.026s	0.620s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.461s (-10.6% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.566s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.489s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.528s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.508s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.518s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.663s	14.023s	0.361s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.355s (-57.6% 🟢)	23.458s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.103s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.813s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.208s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.838s	12.021s	0.183s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.893s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.147s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.255s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.041s (-14.0% 🟢)	12.514s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.473s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.044s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.475s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.422s	13.016s	0.594s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.298s (-72.5% 🟢)	35.645s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.348s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.127s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.880s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.135s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.181s (-20.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.825s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.190s (-27.0% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.815s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s	2.005s	0.810s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.220s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.695s (-5.8% 🟢)	4.697s (+1.6%)	2.002s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.181s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.826s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.194s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.813s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s	2.009s	0.630s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s	2.004s	0.611s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.762s (-40.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.243s	15	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.812s (-42.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.193s	15	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (~)	5.286s (+3.4%)	1.672s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.311s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.007s	0.337s	15	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.751s	4.439s	0.688s	7	2.96x
💻 Local	Express	4.495s (-46.1% 🟢)	5.010s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.514s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.333s (-36.1% 🟢)	6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.680s	5	4.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.082s (+90.6% 🔺)	10.231s (+67.0% 🔺)	2.149s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.126s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.881s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.131s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.877s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.156s	2.005s	0.849s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.208s (-36.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.798s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.010s	0.801s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.222s (-34.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.069s (+18.9% 🔺)	5.001s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.932s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.178s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.831s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.804s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s	2.010s	0.645s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.887s (-39.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.119s	15	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.888s (-38.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.117s	15	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.666s (+14.8% 🔺)	5.322s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.656s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.312s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.009s	0.351s	15	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.686s	4.295s	0.609s	7	2.91x
💻 Local	Express	5.452s (-38.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.560s	5	4.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.564s (-39.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.447s	5	4.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.066s (-21.1% 🟢)	6.658s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.592s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.440s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.568s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.463s (-53.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.541s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.463s (-44.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.560s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.474s (-51.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.530s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.537s	1.012s	0.476s	60	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.553s	1.007s	0.453s	60	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.483s (-71.2% 🟢)	6.989s (-67.2% 🟢)	1.506s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.025s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.613s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.589s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.844s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.757s	49	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.151s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (-61.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.831s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s	2.030s	0.750s	45	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.031s	0.727s	45	1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.876s (-62.7% 🟢)	15.083s (-59.0% 🟢)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.976s (-50.5% 🟢)	2.314s (-47.0% 🟢)	0.339s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.204s (-46.3% 🟢)	2.912s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.709s	42	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.402s	3.034s	0.632s	40	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.627s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.380s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.647s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.360s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.800s	3.309s	0.509s	37	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	39.900s (-69.3% 🟢)	41.994s (-68.2% 🟢)	2.095s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.165s (-41.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.841s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.178s (-37.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.828s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.218s	1.006s	0.788s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.361s	1.005s	0.644s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.380s (-32.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.624s	60	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.388s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.8%)	0.616s	60	2.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.572s (+31.6% 🔺)	4.350s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.778s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.274s (-46.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.731s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.399s	1.006s	0.607s	90	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.718s	2.007s	0.289s	45	6.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.949s (-22.5% 🟢)	2.402s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.453s	38	7.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.534s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.532s	36	7.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.424s (+110.9% 🔺)	8.128s (+69.1% 🔺)	1.704s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.548s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.2%)	0.458s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.593s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.413s	120	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.807s	1.006s	0.199s	120	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.490s	9.022s	0.532s	14	15.50x
💻 Local	Express	9.545s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.107s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.561s	12	17.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.876s (-11.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.398s	12	18.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.131s (+117.4% 🔺)	17.804s (+92.6% 🔺)	1.673s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.113s (+459.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.117s (+422.5% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.003s	0.008s	2.014s	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.124s (+448.1% 🔺)	2.002s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.002s (~)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.887s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.6% 🔺)	2.000s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.153s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.859s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.137s (-14.7% 🟢)	3.233s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.512s (-1.4%)	3.375s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.508s (+99.1% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.022s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.512s (+140.0% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.003s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.023s (+97.7% 🔺)	0.511s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.514s (+142.7% 🔺)	2.009s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.510s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.523s (+81.5% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.010s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.499s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.582s	2.010s	0.004s	2.025s	0.443s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.648s	2.008s	0.009s	2.198s	0.550s	28	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.009s (-7.6% 🟢)	7.281s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.360s (-11.8% 🟢)	8.139s (-7.9% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.607s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.035s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.435s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.614s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.034s (-19.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.3% 🟢)	0.428s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.700s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.360s	57	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.945s	1.189s	0.000s	1.192s	0.246s	51	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.949s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.236s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+360.0% 🔺)	1.238s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.289s	50	1.56x
💻 Local	Express	1.029s (-16.0% 🟢)	1.095s (-45.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.195s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.166s	51	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.629s (-3.0%)	4.700s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.188s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.559s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.191s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.905s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.944s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.753s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-29.9% 🟢)	2.001s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.024s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.767s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s	2.183s	0.000s	2.191s	0.806s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.467s	3.027s	0.001s	3.031s	0.564s	20	2.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.716s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.424s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.427s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.711s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.837s (-18.2% 🟢)	3.296s (-18.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-47.4% 🟢)	3.300s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.463s	19	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.303s (+15.6% 🔺)	7.004s (+16.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.529s (+16.6% 🔺)	2.226s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	14/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	11/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Added a note to the PR description calling out the extra changes I made after the initial forward-port.

For visibility here too: these changes are deviations from the original #1986 payload, and they were added because CI on the main PR exposed failures that the stable forward-port alone did not cover:

• V2 background step handlers now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of replaying inline from every completed background handler. The old path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, causing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild on modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file rebuild refreshed generated route code but left the workflow manifest stale when an API route import graph changed, which is why the nextjs-webpack dev test timed out after adding a workflow file.
• The dev E2E harness now imports the added workflow through the app-root @/workflows/... alias for Next, triggers the POST route so the module is actually compiled, and gives cleanup more time for slower Windows dev-server teardown.

These are still in service of making this forward-port pass on main, but they are intentionally called out as additional main stabilization work rather than changes that came directly from #1986. The no-backport note still applies: this PR itself should not be backported.

[pranaygp]

Summary

Forward-ports the stable CI hardening from #1986 onto main now that it has landed in stable.

This carries over the production-code stability fixes and the applicable test harness updates:

• bound queue-based health checks so queue delivery, stream opening, stream reads, and poll sleeps all share the requested timeout budget
• add abort signals to Vercel stream write/close mutations so stuck stream writes fail and retry instead of pinning steps indefinitely
• wait for step return stream serialization before recording step_completed
• materialize manual webhook response bodies before returning from hook resume handling
• speed up local workflow port detection by checking Node/libuv listening handles before slower OS-specific fallbacks
• make generated workflow health endpoints support HEAD, including Astro, SvelteKit, Nest, and combined generated routes on main
• share route-export replacement logic that handles embedded source map comments and throws when wrapping fails

Forward-port note

This PR should not be backported. It is itself a forward-port of changes that already landed on stable in #1986.

Additional changes made on main

After the initial forward-port, CI exposed a few failures that were not fixed by the original #1986 changes alone. These are intentionally called out as extra stabilization work on top of the stable forward-port:

• V2 background step continuations now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of letting every completed background step handler continue replay inline. In CI, the inline replay path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, producing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild for modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file path only rebuilt existing esbuild contexts, which updated generated route code but did not refresh the workflow manifest when an API route import graph changed. The nextjs-webpack dev CI test for adding a workflow file was timing out on that stale manifest.
• The dev E2E harness was adjusted to match the Next workbench layout: added workflow files are imported through the app-root @/workflows/... alias, the Next POST route is hit so the module actually compiles, and cleanup gets a longer timeout for slower Windows dev-server prewarm/teardown.

These additions are still part of making main stable after the forward-port, but they are not meant to change the no-backport decision: this PR is itself a forward-port, and the extra changes are for failures observed on this main PR.

Validation

• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm --filter @workflow/core... --filter @workflow/world-vercel... --filter @workflow/builders... build
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec vitest run packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec biome check .changeset/stable-ci-e2e-cleanup.md packages/astro/src/builder.ts packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts packages/builders/src/index.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.ts packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts packages/core/e2e/utils.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts packages/nest/src/workflow.controller.ts packages/sveltekit/src/builder.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.test.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.ts (warnings only: existing complexity/style warnings)
• git diff --check HEAD~1..HEAD

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 459bc08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/utils	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
tarballs	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/errors	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1199	1	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1348	0	200	1548
❌ 📦 Local Production	1577	10	219	1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	1584	3	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	724	3	176	903
Total	6561	17	1033	7611

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

express (1 failed):

• utf8StreamWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ4DSTRAKCRYNBHBDJTM6AJ | 🔍 observability

📦 Local Production (10 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

hono-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nitro-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

🐘 Local Postgres (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ48T4PQ7QA010AR1EMJBXX

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

📋 Other (3 failed)

e2e-local-dev-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
❌ express	102	1	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
❌ express-stable	103	1	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
❌ hono-stable	103	1	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nitro-stable	103	1	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
❌ sveltekit-stable	122	1	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	103	1	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	103	1	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	103	1	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.030s (-31.6% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (-23.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.035s	1.004s	0.969s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.043s (-25.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.048s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.011s (-3.0%)	0.963s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s	1.012s	0.960s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.446s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.409s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.963s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.065s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.941s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.066s	2.006s	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.071s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.080s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.081s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.927s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s	2.008s	0.918s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.649s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.776s (-0.8%)	2.127s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.401s (-5.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.620s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.402s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.619s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.410s	11.020s	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.413s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.602s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.425s (-4.9%)	11.012s (~)	0.587s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.524s	11.019s	0.495s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.523s (-20.4% 🟢)	15.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.742s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.406s	14.026s	0.620s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.461s (-10.6% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.566s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.489s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.528s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.508s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.518s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.663s	14.023s	0.361s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.355s (-57.6% 🟢)	23.458s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.103s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.813s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.208s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.838s	12.021s	0.183s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.893s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.147s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.255s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.041s (-14.0% 🟢)	12.514s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.473s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.044s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.475s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.422s	13.016s	0.594s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.298s (-72.5% 🟢)	35.645s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.348s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.127s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.880s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.135s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.181s (-20.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.825s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.190s (-27.0% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.815s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s	2.005s	0.810s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.220s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.695s (-5.8% 🟢)	4.697s (+1.6%)	2.002s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.181s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.826s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.194s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.813s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s	2.009s	0.630s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s	2.004s	0.611s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.762s (-40.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.243s	15	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.812s (-42.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.193s	15	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (~)	5.286s (+3.4%)	1.672s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.311s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.007s	0.337s	15	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.751s	4.439s	0.688s	7	2.96x
💻 Local	Express	4.495s (-46.1% 🟢)	5.010s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.514s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.333s (-36.1% 🟢)	6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.680s	5	4.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.082s (+90.6% 🔺)	10.231s (+67.0% 🔺)	2.149s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.126s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.881s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.131s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.877s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.156s	2.005s	0.849s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.208s (-36.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.798s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.010s	0.801s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.222s (-34.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.069s (+18.9% 🔺)	5.001s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.932s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.178s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.831s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.804s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s	2.010s	0.645s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.887s (-39.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.119s	15	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.888s (-38.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.117s	15	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.666s (+14.8% 🔺)	5.322s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.656s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.312s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.009s	0.351s	15	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.686s	4.295s	0.609s	7	2.91x
💻 Local	Express	5.452s (-38.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.560s	5	4.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.564s (-39.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.447s	5	4.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.066s (-21.1% 🟢)	6.658s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.592s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.440s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.568s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.463s (-53.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.541s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.463s (-44.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.560s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.474s (-51.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.530s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.537s	1.012s	0.476s	60	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.553s	1.007s	0.453s	60	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.483s (-71.2% 🟢)	6.989s (-67.2% 🟢)	1.506s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.025s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.613s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.589s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.844s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.757s	49	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.151s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (-61.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.831s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s	2.030s	0.750s	45	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.031s	0.727s	45	1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.876s (-62.7% 🟢)	15.083s (-59.0% 🟢)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.976s (-50.5% 🟢)	2.314s (-47.0% 🟢)	0.339s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.204s (-46.3% 🟢)	2.912s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.709s	42	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.402s	3.034s	0.632s	40	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.627s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.380s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.647s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.360s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.800s	3.309s	0.509s	37	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	39.900s (-69.3% 🟢)	41.994s (-68.2% 🟢)	2.095s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.165s (-41.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.841s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.178s (-37.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.828s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.218s	1.006s	0.788s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.361s	1.005s	0.644s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.380s (-32.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.624s	60	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.388s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.8%)	0.616s	60	2.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.572s (+31.6% 🔺)	4.350s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.778s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.274s (-46.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.731s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.399s	1.006s	0.607s	90	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.718s	2.007s	0.289s	45	6.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.949s (-22.5% 🟢)	2.402s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.453s	38	7.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.534s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.532s	36	7.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.424s (+110.9% 🔺)	8.128s (+69.1% 🔺)	1.704s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.548s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.2%)	0.458s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.593s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.413s	120	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.807s	1.006s	0.199s	120	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.490s	9.022s	0.532s	14	15.50x
💻 Local	Express	9.545s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.107s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.561s	12	17.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.876s (-11.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.398s	12	18.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.131s (+117.4% 🔺)	17.804s (+92.6% 🔺)	1.673s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.113s (+459.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.117s (+422.5% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.003s	0.008s	2.014s	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.124s (+448.1% 🔺)	2.002s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.002s (~)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.887s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.6% 🔺)	2.000s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.153s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.859s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.137s (-14.7% 🟢)	3.233s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.512s (-1.4%)	3.375s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.508s (+99.1% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.022s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.512s (+140.0% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.003s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.023s (+97.7% 🔺)	0.511s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.514s (+142.7% 🔺)	2.009s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.510s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.523s (+81.5% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.010s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.499s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.582s	2.010s	0.004s	2.025s	0.443s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.648s	2.008s	0.009s	2.198s	0.550s	28	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.009s (-7.6% 🟢)	7.281s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.360s (-11.8% 🟢)	8.139s (-7.9% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.607s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.035s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.435s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.614s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.034s (-19.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.3% 🟢)	0.428s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.700s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.360s	57	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.945s	1.189s	0.000s	1.192s	0.246s	51	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.949s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.236s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+360.0% 🔺)	1.238s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.289s	50	1.56x
💻 Local	Express	1.029s (-16.0% 🟢)	1.095s (-45.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.195s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.166s	51	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.629s (-3.0%)	4.700s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.188s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.559s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.191s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.905s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.944s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.753s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-29.9% 🟢)	2.001s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.024s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.767s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s	2.183s	0.000s	2.191s	0.806s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.467s	3.027s	0.001s	3.031s	0.564s	20	2.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.716s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.424s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.427s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.711s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.837s (-18.2% 🟢)	3.296s (-18.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-47.4% 🟢)	3.300s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.463s	19	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.303s (+15.6% 🔺)	7.004s (+16.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.529s (+16.6% 🔺)	2.226s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	14/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	11/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Added a note to the PR description calling out the extra changes I made after the initial forward-port.

For visibility here too: these changes are deviations from the original #1986 payload, and they were added because CI on the main PR exposed failures that the stable forward-port alone did not cover:

• V2 background step handlers now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of replaying inline from every completed background handler. The old path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, causing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild on modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file rebuild refreshed generated route code but left the workflow manifest stale when an API route import graph changed, which is why the nextjs-webpack dev test timed out after adding a workflow file.
• The dev E2E harness now imports the added workflow through the app-root @/workflows/... alias for Next, triggers the POST route so the module is actually compiled, and gives cleanup more time for slower Windows dev-server teardown.

These are still in service of making this forward-port pass on main, but they are intentionally called out as additional main stabilization work rather than changes that came directly from #1986. The no-backport note still applies: this PR itself should not be backported.

[pranaygp]

Summary

Forward-ports the stable CI hardening from #1986 onto main now that it has landed in stable.

This carries over the production-code stability fixes and the applicable test harness updates:

• bound queue-based health checks so queue delivery, stream opening, stream reads, and poll sleeps all share the requested timeout budget
• add abort signals to Vercel stream write/close mutations so stuck stream writes fail and retry instead of pinning steps indefinitely
• wait for step return stream serialization before recording step_completed
• materialize manual webhook response bodies before returning from hook resume handling
• speed up local workflow port detection by checking Node/libuv listening handles before slower OS-specific fallbacks
• make generated workflow health endpoints support HEAD, including Astro, SvelteKit, Nest, and combined generated routes on main
• share route-export replacement logic that handles embedded source map comments and throws when wrapping fails

Forward-port note

This PR should not be backported. It is itself a forward-port of changes that already landed on stable in #1986.

Additional changes made on main

After the initial forward-port, CI exposed a few failures that were not fixed by the original #1986 changes alone. These are intentionally called out as extra stabilization work on top of the stable forward-port:

• V2 background step continuations now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of letting every completed background step handler continue replay inline. In CI, the inline replay path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, producing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild for modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file path only rebuilt existing esbuild contexts, which updated generated route code but did not refresh the workflow manifest when an API route import graph changed. The nextjs-webpack dev CI test for adding a workflow file was timing out on that stale manifest.
• The dev E2E harness was adjusted to match the Next workbench layout: added workflow files are imported through the app-root @/workflows/... alias, the Next POST route is hit so the module actually compiles, and cleanup gets a longer timeout for slower Windows dev-server prewarm/teardown.

These additions are still part of making main stable after the forward-port, but they are not meant to change the no-backport decision: this PR is itself a forward-port, and the extra changes are for failures observed on this main PR.

Validation

• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm --filter @workflow/core... --filter @workflow/world-vercel... --filter @workflow/builders... build
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec vitest run packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec biome check .changeset/stable-ci-e2e-cleanup.md packages/astro/src/builder.ts packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts packages/builders/src/index.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.ts packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts packages/core/e2e/utils.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts packages/nest/src/workflow.controller.ts packages/sveltekit/src/builder.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.test.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.ts (warnings only: existing complexity/style warnings)
• git diff --check HEAD~1..HEAD

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 459bc08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/utils	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
tarballs	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/errors	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1199	1	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1348	0	200	1548
❌ 📦 Local Production	1577	10	219	1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	1584	3	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	724	3	176	903
Total	6561	17	1033	7611

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

express (1 failed):

• utf8StreamWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ4DSTRAKCRYNBHBDJTM6AJ | 🔍 observability

📦 Local Production (10 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

hono-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nitro-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

🐘 Local Postgres (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ48T4PQ7QA010AR1EMJBXX

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

📋 Other (3 failed)

e2e-local-dev-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
❌ express	102	1	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
❌ express-stable	103	1	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
❌ hono-stable	103	1	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nitro-stable	103	1	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
❌ sveltekit-stable	122	1	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	103	1	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	103	1	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	103	1	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.030s (-31.6% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (-23.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.035s	1.004s	0.969s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.043s (-25.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.048s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.011s (-3.0%)	0.963s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s	1.012s	0.960s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.446s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.409s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.963s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.065s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.941s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.066s	2.006s	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.071s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.080s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.081s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.927s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s	2.008s	0.918s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.649s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.776s (-0.8%)	2.127s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.401s (-5.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.620s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.402s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.619s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.410s	11.020s	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.413s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.602s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.425s (-4.9%)	11.012s (~)	0.587s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.524s	11.019s	0.495s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.523s (-20.4% 🟢)	15.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.742s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.406s	14.026s	0.620s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.461s (-10.6% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.566s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.489s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.528s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.508s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.518s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.663s	14.023s	0.361s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.355s (-57.6% 🟢)	23.458s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.103s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.813s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.208s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.838s	12.021s	0.183s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.893s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.147s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.255s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.041s (-14.0% 🟢)	12.514s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.473s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.044s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.475s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.422s	13.016s	0.594s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.298s (-72.5% 🟢)	35.645s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.348s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.127s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.880s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.135s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.181s (-20.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.825s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.190s (-27.0% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.815s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s	2.005s	0.810s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.220s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.695s (-5.8% 🟢)	4.697s (+1.6%)	2.002s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.181s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.826s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.194s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.813s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s	2.009s	0.630s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s	2.004s	0.611s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.762s (-40.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.243s	15	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.812s (-42.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.193s	15	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (~)	5.286s (+3.4%)	1.672s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.311s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.007s	0.337s	15	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.751s	4.439s	0.688s	7	2.96x
💻 Local	Express	4.495s (-46.1% 🟢)	5.010s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.514s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.333s (-36.1% 🟢)	6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.680s	5	4.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.082s (+90.6% 🔺)	10.231s (+67.0% 🔺)	2.149s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.126s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.881s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.131s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.877s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.156s	2.005s	0.849s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.208s (-36.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.798s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.010s	0.801s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.222s (-34.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.069s (+18.9% 🔺)	5.001s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.932s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.178s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.831s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.804s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s	2.010s	0.645s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.887s (-39.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.119s	15	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.888s (-38.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.117s	15	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.666s (+14.8% 🔺)	5.322s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.656s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.312s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.009s	0.351s	15	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.686s	4.295s	0.609s	7	2.91x
💻 Local	Express	5.452s (-38.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.560s	5	4.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.564s (-39.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.447s	5	4.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.066s (-21.1% 🟢)	6.658s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.592s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.440s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.568s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.463s (-53.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.541s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.463s (-44.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.560s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.474s (-51.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.530s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.537s	1.012s	0.476s	60	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.553s	1.007s	0.453s	60	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.483s (-71.2% 🟢)	6.989s (-67.2% 🟢)	1.506s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.025s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.613s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.589s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.844s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.757s	49	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.151s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (-61.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.831s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s	2.030s	0.750s	45	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.031s	0.727s	45	1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.876s (-62.7% 🟢)	15.083s (-59.0% 🟢)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.976s (-50.5% 🟢)	2.314s (-47.0% 🟢)	0.339s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.204s (-46.3% 🟢)	2.912s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.709s	42	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.402s	3.034s	0.632s	40	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.627s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.380s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.647s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.360s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.800s	3.309s	0.509s	37	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	39.900s (-69.3% 🟢)	41.994s (-68.2% 🟢)	2.095s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.165s (-41.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.841s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.178s (-37.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.828s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.218s	1.006s	0.788s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.361s	1.005s	0.644s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.380s (-32.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.624s	60	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.388s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.8%)	0.616s	60	2.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.572s (+31.6% 🔺)	4.350s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.778s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.274s (-46.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.731s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.399s	1.006s	0.607s	90	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.718s	2.007s	0.289s	45	6.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.949s (-22.5% 🟢)	2.402s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.453s	38	7.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.534s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.532s	36	7.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.424s (+110.9% 🔺)	8.128s (+69.1% 🔺)	1.704s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.548s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.2%)	0.458s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.593s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.413s	120	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.807s	1.006s	0.199s	120	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.490s	9.022s	0.532s	14	15.50x
💻 Local	Express	9.545s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.107s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.561s	12	17.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.876s (-11.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.398s	12	18.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.131s (+117.4% 🔺)	17.804s (+92.6% 🔺)	1.673s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.113s (+459.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.117s (+422.5% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.003s	0.008s	2.014s	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.124s (+448.1% 🔺)	2.002s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.002s (~)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.887s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.6% 🔺)	2.000s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.153s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.859s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.137s (-14.7% 🟢)	3.233s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.512s (-1.4%)	3.375s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.508s (+99.1% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.022s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.512s (+140.0% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.003s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.023s (+97.7% 🔺)	0.511s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.514s (+142.7% 🔺)	2.009s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.510s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.523s (+81.5% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.010s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.499s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.582s	2.010s	0.004s	2.025s	0.443s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.648s	2.008s	0.009s	2.198s	0.550s	28	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.009s (-7.6% 🟢)	7.281s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.360s (-11.8% 🟢)	8.139s (-7.9% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.607s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.035s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.435s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.614s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.034s (-19.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.3% 🟢)	0.428s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.700s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.360s	57	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.945s	1.189s	0.000s	1.192s	0.246s	51	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.949s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.236s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+360.0% 🔺)	1.238s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.289s	50	1.56x
💻 Local	Express	1.029s (-16.0% 🟢)	1.095s (-45.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.195s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.166s	51	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.629s (-3.0%)	4.700s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.188s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.559s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.191s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.905s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.944s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.753s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-29.9% 🟢)	2.001s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.024s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.767s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s	2.183s	0.000s	2.191s	0.806s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.467s	3.027s	0.001s	3.031s	0.564s	20	2.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.716s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.424s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.427s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.711s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.837s (-18.2% 🟢)	3.296s (-18.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-47.4% 🟢)	3.300s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.463s	19	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.303s (+15.6% 🔺)	7.004s (+16.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.529s (+16.6% 🔺)	2.226s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	14/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	11/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Added a note to the PR description calling out the extra changes I made after the initial forward-port.

For visibility here too: these changes are deviations from the original #1986 payload, and they were added because CI on the main PR exposed failures that the stable forward-port alone did not cover:

• V2 background step handlers now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of replaying inline from every completed background handler. The old path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, causing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild on modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file rebuild refreshed generated route code but left the workflow manifest stale when an API route import graph changed, which is why the nextjs-webpack dev test timed out after adding a workflow file.
• The dev E2E harness now imports the added workflow through the app-root @/workflows/... alias for Next, triggers the POST route so the module is actually compiled, and gives cleanup more time for slower Windows dev-server teardown.

These are still in service of making this forward-port pass on main, but they are intentionally called out as additional main stabilization work rather than changes that came directly from #1986. The no-backport note still applies: this PR itself should not be backported.

[pranaygp]

Summary

Forward-ports the stable CI hardening from #1986 onto main now that it has landed in stable.

This carries over the production-code stability fixes and the applicable test harness updates:

• bound queue-based health checks so queue delivery, stream opening, stream reads, and poll sleeps all share the requested timeout budget
• add abort signals to Vercel stream write/close mutations so stuck stream writes fail and retry instead of pinning steps indefinitely
• wait for step return stream serialization before recording step_completed
• materialize manual webhook response bodies before returning from hook resume handling
• speed up local workflow port detection by checking Node/libuv listening handles before slower OS-specific fallbacks
• make generated workflow health endpoints support HEAD, including Astro, SvelteKit, Nest, and combined generated routes on main
• share route-export replacement logic that handles embedded source map comments and throws when wrapping fails

Forward-port note

This PR should not be backported. It is itself a forward-port of changes that already landed on stable in #1986.

Additional changes made on main

After the initial forward-port, CI exposed a few failures that were not fixed by the original #1986 changes alone. These are intentionally called out as extra stabilization work on top of the stable forward-port:

• V2 background step continuations now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of letting every completed background step handler continue replay inline. In CI, the inline replay path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, producing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild for modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file path only rebuilt existing esbuild contexts, which updated generated route code but did not refresh the workflow manifest when an API route import graph changed. The nextjs-webpack dev CI test for adding a workflow file was timing out on that stale manifest.
• The dev E2E harness was adjusted to match the Next workbench layout: added workflow files are imported through the app-root @/workflows/... alias, the Next POST route is hit so the module actually compiles, and cleanup gets a longer timeout for slower Windows dev-server prewarm/teardown.

These additions are still part of making main stable after the forward-port, but they are not meant to change the no-backport decision: this PR is itself a forward-port, and the extra changes are for failures observed on this main PR.

Validation

• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm --filter @workflow/core... --filter @workflow/world-vercel... --filter @workflow/builders... build
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec vitest run packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec biome check .changeset/stable-ci-e2e-cleanup.md packages/astro/src/builder.ts packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts packages/builders/src/index.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.ts packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts packages/core/e2e/utils.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts packages/nest/src/workflow.controller.ts packages/sveltekit/src/builder.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.test.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.ts (warnings only: existing complexity/style warnings)
• git diff --check HEAD~1..HEAD

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 459bc08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/utils	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
tarballs	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/errors	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1199	1	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1348	0	200	1548
❌ 📦 Local Production	1577	10	219	1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	1584	3	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	724	3	176	903
Total	6561	17	1033	7611

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

express (1 failed):

• utf8StreamWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ4DSTRAKCRYNBHBDJTM6AJ | 🔍 observability

📦 Local Production (10 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

hono-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nitro-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

🐘 Local Postgres (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ48T4PQ7QA010AR1EMJBXX

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

📋 Other (3 failed)

e2e-local-dev-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
❌ express	102	1	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
❌ express-stable	103	1	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
❌ hono-stable	103	1	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nitro-stable	103	1	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
❌ sveltekit-stable	122	1	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	103	1	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	103	1	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	103	1	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.030s (-31.6% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (-23.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.035s	1.004s	0.969s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.043s (-25.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.048s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.011s (-3.0%)	0.963s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s	1.012s	0.960s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.446s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.409s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.963s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.065s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.941s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.066s	2.006s	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.071s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.080s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.081s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.927s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s	2.008s	0.918s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.649s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.776s (-0.8%)	2.127s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.401s (-5.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.620s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.402s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.619s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.410s	11.020s	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.413s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.602s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.425s (-4.9%)	11.012s (~)	0.587s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.524s	11.019s	0.495s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.523s (-20.4% 🟢)	15.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.742s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.406s	14.026s	0.620s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.461s (-10.6% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.566s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.489s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.528s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.508s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.518s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.663s	14.023s	0.361s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.355s (-57.6% 🟢)	23.458s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.103s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.813s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.208s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.838s	12.021s	0.183s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.893s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.147s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.255s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.041s (-14.0% 🟢)	12.514s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.473s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.044s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.475s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.422s	13.016s	0.594s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.298s (-72.5% 🟢)	35.645s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.348s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.127s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.880s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.135s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.181s (-20.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.825s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.190s (-27.0% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.815s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s	2.005s	0.810s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.220s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.695s (-5.8% 🟢)	4.697s (+1.6%)	2.002s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.181s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.826s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.194s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.813s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s	2.009s	0.630s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s	2.004s	0.611s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.762s (-40.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.243s	15	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.812s (-42.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.193s	15	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (~)	5.286s (+3.4%)	1.672s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.311s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.007s	0.337s	15	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.751s	4.439s	0.688s	7	2.96x
💻 Local	Express	4.495s (-46.1% 🟢)	5.010s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.514s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.333s (-36.1% 🟢)	6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.680s	5	4.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.082s (+90.6% 🔺)	10.231s (+67.0% 🔺)	2.149s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.126s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.881s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.131s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.877s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.156s	2.005s	0.849s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.208s (-36.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.798s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.010s	0.801s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.222s (-34.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.069s (+18.9% 🔺)	5.001s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.932s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.178s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.831s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.804s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s	2.010s	0.645s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.887s (-39.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.119s	15	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.888s (-38.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.117s	15	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.666s (+14.8% 🔺)	5.322s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.656s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.312s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.009s	0.351s	15	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.686s	4.295s	0.609s	7	2.91x
💻 Local	Express	5.452s (-38.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.560s	5	4.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.564s (-39.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.447s	5	4.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.066s (-21.1% 🟢)	6.658s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.592s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.440s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.568s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.463s (-53.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.541s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.463s (-44.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.560s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.474s (-51.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.530s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.537s	1.012s	0.476s	60	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.553s	1.007s	0.453s	60	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.483s (-71.2% 🟢)	6.989s (-67.2% 🟢)	1.506s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.025s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.613s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.589s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.844s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.757s	49	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.151s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (-61.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.831s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s	2.030s	0.750s	45	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.031s	0.727s	45	1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.876s (-62.7% 🟢)	15.083s (-59.0% 🟢)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.976s (-50.5% 🟢)	2.314s (-47.0% 🟢)	0.339s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.204s (-46.3% 🟢)	2.912s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.709s	42	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.402s	3.034s	0.632s	40	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.627s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.380s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.647s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.360s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.800s	3.309s	0.509s	37	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	39.900s (-69.3% 🟢)	41.994s (-68.2% 🟢)	2.095s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.165s (-41.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.841s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.178s (-37.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.828s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.218s	1.006s	0.788s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.361s	1.005s	0.644s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.380s (-32.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.624s	60	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.388s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.8%)	0.616s	60	2.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.572s (+31.6% 🔺)	4.350s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.778s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.274s (-46.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.731s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.399s	1.006s	0.607s	90	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.718s	2.007s	0.289s	45	6.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.949s (-22.5% 🟢)	2.402s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.453s	38	7.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.534s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.532s	36	7.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.424s (+110.9% 🔺)	8.128s (+69.1% 🔺)	1.704s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.548s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.2%)	0.458s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.593s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.413s	120	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.807s	1.006s	0.199s	120	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.490s	9.022s	0.532s	14	15.50x
💻 Local	Express	9.545s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.107s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.561s	12	17.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.876s (-11.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.398s	12	18.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.131s (+117.4% 🔺)	17.804s (+92.6% 🔺)	1.673s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.113s (+459.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.117s (+422.5% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.003s	0.008s	2.014s	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.124s (+448.1% 🔺)	2.002s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.002s (~)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.887s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.6% 🔺)	2.000s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.153s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.859s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.137s (-14.7% 🟢)	3.233s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.512s (-1.4%)	3.375s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.508s (+99.1% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.022s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.512s (+140.0% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.003s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.023s (+97.7% 🔺)	0.511s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.514s (+142.7% 🔺)	2.009s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.510s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.523s (+81.5% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.010s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.499s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.582s	2.010s	0.004s	2.025s	0.443s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.648s	2.008s	0.009s	2.198s	0.550s	28	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.009s (-7.6% 🟢)	7.281s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.360s (-11.8% 🟢)	8.139s (-7.9% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.607s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.035s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.435s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.614s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.034s (-19.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.3% 🟢)	0.428s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.700s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.360s	57	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.945s	1.189s	0.000s	1.192s	0.246s	51	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.949s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.236s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+360.0% 🔺)	1.238s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.289s	50	1.56x
💻 Local	Express	1.029s (-16.0% 🟢)	1.095s (-45.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.195s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.166s	51	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.629s (-3.0%)	4.700s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.188s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.559s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.191s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.905s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.944s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.753s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-29.9% 🟢)	2.001s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.024s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.767s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s	2.183s	0.000s	2.191s	0.806s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.467s	3.027s	0.001s	3.031s	0.564s	20	2.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.716s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.424s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.427s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.711s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.837s (-18.2% 🟢)	3.296s (-18.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-47.4% 🟢)	3.300s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.463s	19	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.303s (+15.6% 🔺)	7.004s (+16.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.529s (+16.6% 🔺)	2.226s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	14/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	11/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Added a note to the PR description calling out the extra changes I made after the initial forward-port.

For visibility here too: these changes are deviations from the original #1986 payload, and they were added because CI on the main PR exposed failures that the stable forward-port alone did not cover:

• V2 background step handlers now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of replaying inline from every completed background handler. The old path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, causing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild on modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file rebuild refreshed generated route code but left the workflow manifest stale when an API route import graph changed, which is why the nextjs-webpack dev test timed out after adding a workflow file.
• The dev E2E harness now imports the added workflow through the app-root @/workflows/... alias for Next, triggers the POST route so the module is actually compiled, and gives cleanup more time for slower Windows dev-server teardown.

These are still in service of making this forward-port pass on main, but they are intentionally called out as additional main stabilization work rather than changes that came directly from #1986. The no-backport note still applies: this PR itself should not be backported.

[pranaygp]

Summary

Forward-ports the stable CI hardening from #1986 onto main now that it has landed in stable.

This carries over the production-code stability fixes and the applicable test harness updates:

• bound queue-based health checks so queue delivery, stream opening, stream reads, and poll sleeps all share the requested timeout budget
• add abort signals to Vercel stream write/close mutations so stuck stream writes fail and retry instead of pinning steps indefinitely
• wait for step return stream serialization before recording step_completed
• materialize manual webhook response bodies before returning from hook resume handling
• speed up local workflow port detection by checking Node/libuv listening handles before slower OS-specific fallbacks
• make generated workflow health endpoints support HEAD, including Astro, SvelteKit, Nest, and combined generated routes on main
• share route-export replacement logic that handles embedded source map comments and throws when wrapping fails

Forward-port note

This PR should not be backported. It is itself a forward-port of changes that already landed on stable in #1986.

Additional changes made on main

After the initial forward-port, CI exposed a few failures that were not fixed by the original #1986 changes alone. These are intentionally called out as extra stabilization work on top of the stable forward-port:

• V2 background step continuations now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of letting every completed background step handler continue replay inline. In CI, the inline replay path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, producing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild for modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file path only rebuilt existing esbuild contexts, which updated generated route code but did not refresh the workflow manifest when an API route import graph changed. The nextjs-webpack dev CI test for adding a workflow file was timing out on that stale manifest.
• The dev E2E harness was adjusted to match the Next workbench layout: added workflow files are imported through the app-root @/workflows/... alias, the Next POST route is hit so the module actually compiles, and cleanup gets a longer timeout for slower Windows dev-server prewarm/teardown.

These additions are still part of making main stable after the forward-port, but they are not meant to change the no-backport decision: this PR is itself a forward-port, and the extra changes are for failures observed on this main PR.

Validation

• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm --filter @workflow/core... --filter @workflow/world-vercel... --filter @workflow/builders... build
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec vitest run packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec biome check .changeset/stable-ci-e2e-cleanup.md packages/astro/src/builder.ts packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts packages/builders/src/index.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.ts packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts packages/core/e2e/utils.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts packages/nest/src/workflow.controller.ts packages/sveltekit/src/builder.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.test.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.ts (warnings only: existing complexity/style warnings)
• git diff --check HEAD~1..HEAD

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 459bc08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/utils	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
tarballs	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/errors	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1199	1	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1348	0	200	1548
❌ 📦 Local Production	1577	10	219	1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	1584	3	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	724	3	176	903
Total	6561	17	1033	7611

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

express (1 failed):

• utf8StreamWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ4DSTRAKCRYNBHBDJTM6AJ | 🔍 observability

📦 Local Production (10 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

hono-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nitro-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

🐘 Local Postgres (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ48T4PQ7QA010AR1EMJBXX

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

📋 Other (3 failed)

e2e-local-dev-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
❌ express	102	1	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
❌ express-stable	103	1	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
❌ hono-stable	103	1	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nitro-stable	103	1	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
❌ sveltekit-stable	122	1	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	103	1	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	103	1	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	103	1	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.030s (-31.6% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (-23.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.035s	1.004s	0.969s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.043s (-25.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.048s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.011s (-3.0%)	0.963s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s	1.012s	0.960s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.446s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.409s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.963s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.065s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.941s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.066s	2.006s	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.071s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.080s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.081s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.927s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s	2.008s	0.918s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.649s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.776s (-0.8%)	2.127s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.401s (-5.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.620s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.402s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.619s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.410s	11.020s	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.413s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.602s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.425s (-4.9%)	11.012s (~)	0.587s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.524s	11.019s	0.495s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.523s (-20.4% 🟢)	15.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.742s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.406s	14.026s	0.620s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.461s (-10.6% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.566s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.489s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.528s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.508s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.518s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.663s	14.023s	0.361s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.355s (-57.6% 🟢)	23.458s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.103s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.813s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.208s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.838s	12.021s	0.183s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.893s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.147s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.255s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.041s (-14.0% 🟢)	12.514s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.473s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.044s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.475s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.422s	13.016s	0.594s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.298s (-72.5% 🟢)	35.645s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.348s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.127s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.880s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.135s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.181s (-20.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.825s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.190s (-27.0% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.815s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s	2.005s	0.810s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.220s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.695s (-5.8% 🟢)	4.697s (+1.6%)	2.002s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.181s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.826s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.194s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.813s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s	2.009s	0.630s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s	2.004s	0.611s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.762s (-40.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.243s	15	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.812s (-42.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.193s	15	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (~)	5.286s (+3.4%)	1.672s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.311s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.007s	0.337s	15	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.751s	4.439s	0.688s	7	2.96x
💻 Local	Express	4.495s (-46.1% 🟢)	5.010s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.514s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.333s (-36.1% 🟢)	6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.680s	5	4.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.082s (+90.6% 🔺)	10.231s (+67.0% 🔺)	2.149s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.126s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.881s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.131s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.877s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.156s	2.005s	0.849s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.208s (-36.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.798s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.010s	0.801s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.222s (-34.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.069s (+18.9% 🔺)	5.001s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.932s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.178s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.831s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.804s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s	2.010s	0.645s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.887s (-39.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.119s	15	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.888s (-38.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.117s	15	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.666s (+14.8% 🔺)	5.322s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.656s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.312s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.009s	0.351s	15	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.686s	4.295s	0.609s	7	2.91x
💻 Local	Express	5.452s (-38.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.560s	5	4.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.564s (-39.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.447s	5	4.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.066s (-21.1% 🟢)	6.658s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.592s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.440s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.568s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.463s (-53.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.541s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.463s (-44.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.560s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.474s (-51.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.530s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.537s	1.012s	0.476s	60	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.553s	1.007s	0.453s	60	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.483s (-71.2% 🟢)	6.989s (-67.2% 🟢)	1.506s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.025s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.613s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.589s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.844s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.757s	49	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.151s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (-61.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.831s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s	2.030s	0.750s	45	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.031s	0.727s	45	1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.876s (-62.7% 🟢)	15.083s (-59.0% 🟢)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.976s (-50.5% 🟢)	2.314s (-47.0% 🟢)	0.339s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.204s (-46.3% 🟢)	2.912s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.709s	42	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.402s	3.034s	0.632s	40	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.627s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.380s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.647s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.360s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.800s	3.309s	0.509s	37	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	39.900s (-69.3% 🟢)	41.994s (-68.2% 🟢)	2.095s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.165s (-41.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.841s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.178s (-37.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.828s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.218s	1.006s	0.788s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.361s	1.005s	0.644s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.380s (-32.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.624s	60	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.388s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.8%)	0.616s	60	2.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.572s (+31.6% 🔺)	4.350s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.778s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.274s (-46.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.731s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.399s	1.006s	0.607s	90	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.718s	2.007s	0.289s	45	6.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.949s (-22.5% 🟢)	2.402s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.453s	38	7.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.534s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.532s	36	7.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.424s (+110.9% 🔺)	8.128s (+69.1% 🔺)	1.704s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.548s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.2%)	0.458s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.593s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.413s	120	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.807s	1.006s	0.199s	120	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.490s	9.022s	0.532s	14	15.50x
💻 Local	Express	9.545s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.107s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.561s	12	17.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.876s (-11.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.398s	12	18.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.131s (+117.4% 🔺)	17.804s (+92.6% 🔺)	1.673s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.113s (+459.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.117s (+422.5% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.003s	0.008s	2.014s	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.124s (+448.1% 🔺)	2.002s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.002s (~)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.887s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.6% 🔺)	2.000s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.153s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.859s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.137s (-14.7% 🟢)	3.233s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.512s (-1.4%)	3.375s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.508s (+99.1% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.022s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.512s (+140.0% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.003s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.023s (+97.7% 🔺)	0.511s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.514s (+142.7% 🔺)	2.009s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.510s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.523s (+81.5% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.010s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.499s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.582s	2.010s	0.004s	2.025s	0.443s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.648s	2.008s	0.009s	2.198s	0.550s	28	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.009s (-7.6% 🟢)	7.281s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.360s (-11.8% 🟢)	8.139s (-7.9% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.607s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.035s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.435s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.614s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.034s (-19.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.3% 🟢)	0.428s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.700s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.360s	57	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.945s	1.189s	0.000s	1.192s	0.246s	51	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.949s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.236s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+360.0% 🔺)	1.238s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.289s	50	1.56x
💻 Local	Express	1.029s (-16.0% 🟢)	1.095s (-45.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.195s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.166s	51	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.629s (-3.0%)	4.700s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.188s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.559s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.191s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.905s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.944s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.753s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-29.9% 🟢)	2.001s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.024s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.767s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s	2.183s	0.000s	2.191s	0.806s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.467s	3.027s	0.001s	3.031s	0.564s	20	2.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.716s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.424s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.427s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.711s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.837s (-18.2% 🟢)	3.296s (-18.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-47.4% 🟢)	3.300s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.463s	19	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.303s (+15.6% 🔺)	7.004s (+16.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.529s (+16.6% 🔺)	2.226s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	14/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	11/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Added a note to the PR description calling out the extra changes I made after the initial forward-port.

For visibility here too: these changes are deviations from the original #1986 payload, and they were added because CI on the main PR exposed failures that the stable forward-port alone did not cover:

• V2 background step handlers now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of replaying inline from every completed background handler. The old path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, causing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild on modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file rebuild refreshed generated route code but left the workflow manifest stale when an API route import graph changed, which is why the nextjs-webpack dev test timed out after adding a workflow file.
• The dev E2E harness now imports the added workflow through the app-root @/workflows/... alias for Next, triggers the POST route so the module is actually compiled, and gives cleanup more time for slower Windows dev-server teardown.

These are still in service of making this forward-port pass on main, but they are intentionally called out as additional main stabilization work rather than changes that came directly from #1986. The no-backport note still applies: this PR itself should not be backported.

[pranaygp]

Summary

Forward-ports the stable CI hardening from #1986 onto main now that it has landed in stable.

This carries over the production-code stability fixes and the applicable test harness updates:

• bound queue-based health checks so queue delivery, stream opening, stream reads, and poll sleeps all share the requested timeout budget
• add abort signals to Vercel stream write/close mutations so stuck stream writes fail and retry instead of pinning steps indefinitely
• wait for step return stream serialization before recording step_completed
• materialize manual webhook response bodies before returning from hook resume handling
• speed up local workflow port detection by checking Node/libuv listening handles before slower OS-specific fallbacks
• make generated workflow health endpoints support HEAD, including Astro, SvelteKit, Nest, and combined generated routes on main
• share route-export replacement logic that handles embedded source map comments and throws when wrapping fails

Forward-port note

This PR should not be backported. It is itself a forward-port of changes that already landed on stable in #1986.

Additional changes made on main

After the initial forward-port, CI exposed a few failures that were not fixed by the original #1986 changes alone. These are intentionally called out as extra stabilization work on top of the stable forward-port:

• V2 background step continuations now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of letting every completed background step handler continue replay inline. In CI, the inline replay path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, producing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild for modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file path only rebuilt existing esbuild contexts, which updated generated route code but did not refresh the workflow manifest when an API route import graph changed. The nextjs-webpack dev CI test for adding a workflow file was timing out on that stale manifest.
• The dev E2E harness was adjusted to match the Next workbench layout: added workflow files are imported through the app-root @/workflows/... alias, the Next POST route is hit so the module actually compiles, and cleanup gets a longer timeout for slower Windows dev-server prewarm/teardown.

These additions are still part of making main stable after the forward-port, but they are not meant to change the no-backport decision: this PR is itself a forward-port, and the extra changes are for failures observed on this main PR.

Validation

• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm --filter @workflow/core... --filter @workflow/world-vercel... --filter @workflow/builders... build
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec vitest run packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec biome check .changeset/stable-ci-e2e-cleanup.md packages/astro/src/builder.ts packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts packages/builders/src/index.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.ts packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts packages/core/e2e/utils.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts packages/nest/src/workflow.controller.ts packages/sveltekit/src/builder.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.test.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.ts (warnings only: existing complexity/style warnings)
• git diff --check HEAD~1..HEAD

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 459bc08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/utils	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
tarballs	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/errors	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1199	1	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1348	0	200	1548
❌ 📦 Local Production	1577	10	219	1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	1584	3	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	724	3	176	903
Total	6561	17	1033	7611

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

express (1 failed):

• utf8StreamWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ4DSTRAKCRYNBHBDJTM6AJ | 🔍 observability

📦 Local Production (10 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

hono-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nitro-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

🐘 Local Postgres (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ48T4PQ7QA010AR1EMJBXX

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

📋 Other (3 failed)

e2e-local-dev-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
❌ express	102	1	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
❌ express-stable	103	1	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
❌ hono-stable	103	1	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nitro-stable	103	1	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
❌ sveltekit-stable	122	1	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	103	1	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	103	1	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	103	1	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.030s (-31.6% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (-23.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.035s	1.004s	0.969s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.043s (-25.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.048s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.011s (-3.0%)	0.963s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s	1.012s	0.960s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.446s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.409s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.963s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.065s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.941s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.066s	2.006s	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.071s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.080s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.081s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.927s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s	2.008s	0.918s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.649s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.776s (-0.8%)	2.127s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.401s (-5.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.620s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.402s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.619s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.410s	11.020s	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.413s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.602s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.425s (-4.9%)	11.012s (~)	0.587s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.524s	11.019s	0.495s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.523s (-20.4% 🟢)	15.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.742s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.406s	14.026s	0.620s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.461s (-10.6% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.566s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.489s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.528s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.508s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.518s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.663s	14.023s	0.361s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.355s (-57.6% 🟢)	23.458s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.103s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.813s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.208s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.838s	12.021s	0.183s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.893s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.147s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.255s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.041s (-14.0% 🟢)	12.514s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.473s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.044s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.475s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.422s	13.016s	0.594s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.298s (-72.5% 🟢)	35.645s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.348s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.127s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.880s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.135s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.181s (-20.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.825s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.190s (-27.0% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.815s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s	2.005s	0.810s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.220s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.695s (-5.8% 🟢)	4.697s (+1.6%)	2.002s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.181s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.826s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.194s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.813s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s	2.009s	0.630s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s	2.004s	0.611s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.762s (-40.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.243s	15	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.812s (-42.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.193s	15	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (~)	5.286s (+3.4%)	1.672s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.311s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.007s	0.337s	15	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.751s	4.439s	0.688s	7	2.96x
💻 Local	Express	4.495s (-46.1% 🟢)	5.010s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.514s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.333s (-36.1% 🟢)	6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.680s	5	4.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.082s (+90.6% 🔺)	10.231s (+67.0% 🔺)	2.149s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.126s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.881s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.131s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.877s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.156s	2.005s	0.849s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.208s (-36.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.798s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.010s	0.801s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.222s (-34.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.069s (+18.9% 🔺)	5.001s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.932s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.178s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.831s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.804s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s	2.010s	0.645s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.887s (-39.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.119s	15	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.888s (-38.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.117s	15	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.666s (+14.8% 🔺)	5.322s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.656s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.312s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.009s	0.351s	15	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.686s	4.295s	0.609s	7	2.91x
💻 Local	Express	5.452s (-38.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.560s	5	4.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.564s (-39.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.447s	5	4.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.066s (-21.1% 🟢)	6.658s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.592s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.440s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.568s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.463s (-53.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.541s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.463s (-44.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.560s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.474s (-51.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.530s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.537s	1.012s	0.476s	60	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.553s	1.007s	0.453s	60	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.483s (-71.2% 🟢)	6.989s (-67.2% 🟢)	1.506s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.025s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.613s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.589s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.844s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.757s	49	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.151s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (-61.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.831s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s	2.030s	0.750s	45	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.031s	0.727s	45	1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.876s (-62.7% 🟢)	15.083s (-59.0% 🟢)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.976s (-50.5% 🟢)	2.314s (-47.0% 🟢)	0.339s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.204s (-46.3% 🟢)	2.912s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.709s	42	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.402s	3.034s	0.632s	40	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.627s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.380s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.647s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.360s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.800s	3.309s	0.509s	37	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	39.900s (-69.3% 🟢)	41.994s (-68.2% 🟢)	2.095s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.165s (-41.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.841s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.178s (-37.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.828s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.218s	1.006s	0.788s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.361s	1.005s	0.644s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.380s (-32.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.624s	60	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.388s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.8%)	0.616s	60	2.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.572s (+31.6% 🔺)	4.350s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.778s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.274s (-46.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.731s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.399s	1.006s	0.607s	90	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.718s	2.007s	0.289s	45	6.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.949s (-22.5% 🟢)	2.402s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.453s	38	7.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.534s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.532s	36	7.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.424s (+110.9% 🔺)	8.128s (+69.1% 🔺)	1.704s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.548s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.2%)	0.458s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.593s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.413s	120	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.807s	1.006s	0.199s	120	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.490s	9.022s	0.532s	14	15.50x
💻 Local	Express	9.545s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.107s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.561s	12	17.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.876s (-11.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.398s	12	18.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.131s (+117.4% 🔺)	17.804s (+92.6% 🔺)	1.673s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.113s (+459.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.117s (+422.5% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.003s	0.008s	2.014s	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.124s (+448.1% 🔺)	2.002s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.002s (~)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.887s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.6% 🔺)	2.000s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.153s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.859s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.137s (-14.7% 🟢)	3.233s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.512s (-1.4%)	3.375s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.508s (+99.1% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.022s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.512s (+140.0% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.003s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.023s (+97.7% 🔺)	0.511s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.514s (+142.7% 🔺)	2.009s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.510s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.523s (+81.5% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.010s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.499s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.582s	2.010s	0.004s	2.025s	0.443s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.648s	2.008s	0.009s	2.198s	0.550s	28	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.009s (-7.6% 🟢)	7.281s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.360s (-11.8% 🟢)	8.139s (-7.9% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.607s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.035s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.435s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.614s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.034s (-19.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.3% 🟢)	0.428s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.700s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.360s	57	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.945s	1.189s	0.000s	1.192s	0.246s	51	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.949s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.236s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+360.0% 🔺)	1.238s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.289s	50	1.56x
💻 Local	Express	1.029s (-16.0% 🟢)	1.095s (-45.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.195s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.166s	51	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.629s (-3.0%)	4.700s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.188s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.559s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.191s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.905s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.944s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.753s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-29.9% 🟢)	2.001s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.024s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.767s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s	2.183s	0.000s	2.191s	0.806s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.467s	3.027s	0.001s	3.031s	0.564s	20	2.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.716s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.424s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.427s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.711s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.837s (-18.2% 🟢)	3.296s (-18.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-47.4% 🟢)	3.300s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.463s	19	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.303s (+15.6% 🔺)	7.004s (+16.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.529s (+16.6% 🔺)	2.226s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	14/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	11/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Added a note to the PR description calling out the extra changes I made after the initial forward-port.

For visibility here too: these changes are deviations from the original #1986 payload, and they were added because CI on the main PR exposed failures that the stable forward-port alone did not cover:

• V2 background step handlers now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of replaying inline from every completed background handler. The old path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, causing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild on modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file rebuild refreshed generated route code but left the workflow manifest stale when an API route import graph changed, which is why the nextjs-webpack dev test timed out after adding a workflow file.
• The dev E2E harness now imports the added workflow through the app-root @/workflows/... alias for Next, triggers the POST route so the module is actually compiled, and gives cleanup more time for slower Windows dev-server teardown.

These are still in service of making this forward-port pass on main, but they are intentionally called out as additional main stabilization work rather than changes that came directly from #1986. The no-backport note still applies: this PR itself should not be backported.

[pranaygp]

Summary

Forward-ports the stable CI hardening from #1986 onto main now that it has landed in stable.

This carries over the production-code stability fixes and the applicable test harness updates:

• bound queue-based health checks so queue delivery, stream opening, stream reads, and poll sleeps all share the requested timeout budget
• add abort signals to Vercel stream write/close mutations so stuck stream writes fail and retry instead of pinning steps indefinitely
• wait for step return stream serialization before recording step_completed
• materialize manual webhook response bodies before returning from hook resume handling
• speed up local workflow port detection by checking Node/libuv listening handles before slower OS-specific fallbacks
• make generated workflow health endpoints support HEAD, including Astro, SvelteKit, Nest, and combined generated routes on main
• share route-export replacement logic that handles embedded source map comments and throws when wrapping fails

Forward-port note

This PR should not be backported. It is itself a forward-port of changes that already landed on stable in #1986.

Additional changes made on main

After the initial forward-port, CI exposed a few failures that were not fixed by the original #1986 changes alone. These are intentionally called out as extra stabilization work on top of the stable forward-port:

• V2 background step continuations now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of letting every completed background step handler continue replay inline. In CI, the inline replay path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, producing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild for modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file path only rebuilt existing esbuild contexts, which updated generated route code but did not refresh the workflow manifest when an API route import graph changed. The nextjs-webpack dev CI test for adding a workflow file was timing out on that stale manifest.
• The dev E2E harness was adjusted to match the Next workbench layout: added workflow files are imported through the app-root @/workflows/... alias, the Next POST route is hit so the module actually compiles, and cleanup gets a longer timeout for slower Windows dev-server prewarm/teardown.

These additions are still part of making main stable after the forward-port, but they are not meant to change the no-backport decision: this PR is itself a forward-port, and the extra changes are for failures observed on this main PR.

Validation

• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm --filter @workflow/core... --filter @workflow/world-vercel... --filter @workflow/builders... build
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec vitest run packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts
• fnm exec --using v22.18.0 pnpm exec biome check .changeset/stable-ci-e2e-cleanup.md packages/astro/src/builder.ts packages/builders/src/base-builder.ts packages/builders/src/index.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.test.ts packages/builders/src/request-converter.ts packages/core/e2e/dev.test.ts packages/core/e2e/local-build.test.ts packages/core/e2e/utils.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.test.ts packages/core/src/runtime/helpers.ts packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts packages/core/src/runtime/step-handler.ts packages/nest/src/workflow.controller.ts packages/sveltekit/src/builder.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.test.ts packages/utils/src/get-port.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.test.ts packages/world-vercel/src/streamer.ts (warnings only: existing complexity/style warnings)
• git diff --check HEAD~1..HEAD

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 459bc08

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 23 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/utils	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
workflow	Patch
tarballs	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/errors	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 19, 2026 3:28am

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1199	1	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1348	0	200	1548
❌ 📦 Local Production	1577	10	219	1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres	1584	3	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	724	3	176	903
Total	6561	17	1033	7611

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

express (1 failed):

• utf8StreamWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ4DSTRAKCRYNBHBDJTM6AJ | 🔍 observability

📦 Local Production (10 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

hono-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-canary (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

nitro-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

🐘 Local Postgres (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

• addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KRZ48T4PQ7QA010AR1EMJBXX

nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

• DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

📋 Other (3 failed)

e2e-local-dev-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-nest-stable (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- (1 failed):

• AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	103	0	26
✅ example	103	0	26
❌ express	102	1	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
❌ express-stable	103	1	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
❌ hono-stable	103	1	25
❌ nextjs-turbopack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-canary	109	1	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
❌ nitro-stable	103	1	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
❌ sveltekit-stable	122	1	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

❌ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	128	1	0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	128	1	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	103	1	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	103	1	25
❌ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	103	1	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	103	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: failure
• Local Prod: failure
• Local Postgres: failure
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.030s (-31.6% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.033s (-23.9% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.972s	10	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.035s	1.004s	0.969s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.043s (-25.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.048s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.011s (-3.0%)	0.963s	10	1.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s	1.012s	0.960s	10	1.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.446s (+89.3% 🔺)	2.409s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.963s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.065s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.941s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.066s	2.006s	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.071s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.936s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.080s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.081s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.927s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s	2.008s	0.918s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.649s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.776s (-0.8%)	2.127s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.401s (-5.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.620s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.402s (-4.8%)	11.021s (~)	0.619s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.410s	11.020s	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.413s (-4.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.602s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.425s (-4.9%)	11.012s (~)	0.587s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.524s	11.019s	0.495s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.523s (-20.4% 🟢)	15.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	1.742s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	13.406s	14.026s	0.620s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.461s (-10.6% 🟢)	14.026s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.566s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.468s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.549s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.489s (-7.5% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.528s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.508s (-9.8% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.518s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.663s	14.023s	0.361s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.355s (-57.6% 🟢)	23.458s (-55.4% 🟢)	2.103s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.813s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.208s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.838s	12.021s	0.183s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.893s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.147s (-28.7% 🟢)	0.255s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.041s (-14.0% 🟢)	12.514s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.473s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.044s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.475s	8	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.422s	13.016s	0.594s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	33.298s (-72.5% 🟢)	35.645s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.348s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.127s (-11.5% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.880s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.135s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.181s (-20.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.825s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.190s (-27.0% 🟢)	2.005s (-3.3%)	0.815s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.195s	2.005s	0.810s	15	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.220s	2.007s	0.788s	15	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.695s (-5.8% 🟢)	4.697s (+1.6%)	2.002s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.181s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.826s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.194s (-49.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.813s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s	2.009s	0.630s	15	1.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.393s	2.004s	0.611s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Express	1.762s (-40.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.243s	15	1.49x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.812s (-42.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.193s	15	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.614s (~)	5.286s (+3.4%)	1.672s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.311s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.007s	0.337s	15	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.751s	4.439s	0.688s	7	2.96x
💻 Local	Express	4.495s (-46.1% 🟢)	5.010s (-44.5% 🟢)	0.514s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.333s (-36.1% 🟢)	6.013s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.680s	5	4.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	8.082s (+90.6% 🔺)	10.231s (+67.0% 🔺)	2.149s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.126s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.881s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.131s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.877s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.156s	2.005s	0.849s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.208s (-36.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.798s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.210s	2.010s	0.801s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.222s (-34.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.784s	15	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.069s (+18.9% 🔺)	5.001s (+15.0% 🔺)	1.932s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.178s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.831s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.205s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.804s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s	2.010s	0.645s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.525s	2.006s	0.481s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Express	1.887s (-39.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.7% 🟢)	0.119s	15	1.60x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.888s (-38.4% 🟢)	2.005s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.117s	15	1.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.666s (+14.8% 🔺)	5.322s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.656s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.265s (-63.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.743s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.312s (-62.3% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.697s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.658s	2.009s	0.351s	15	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.686s	4.295s	0.609s	7	2.91x
💻 Local	Express	5.452s (-38.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.560s	5	4.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.564s (-39.1% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.447s	5	4.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.066s (-21.1% 🟢)	6.658s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.592s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.440s (-46.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.568s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.463s (-53.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.541s	60	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.463s (-44.8% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.560s	59	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.474s (-51.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.530s	60	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.537s	1.012s	0.476s	60	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.553s	1.007s	0.453s	60	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.483s (-71.2% 🟢)	6.989s (-67.2% 🟢)	1.506s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.025s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.613s (-28.5% 🟢)	0.589s	56	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.844s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.757s	49	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.151s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.005s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.175s (-61.3% 🟢)	2.005s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.831s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s	2.030s	0.750s	45	1.25x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s	2.031s	0.727s	45	1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.876s (-62.7% 🟢)	15.083s (-59.0% 🟢)	2.207s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.976s (-50.5% 🟢)	2.314s (-47.0% 🟢)	0.339s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.204s (-46.3% 🟢)	2.912s (-36.7% 🟢)	0.709s	42	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.402s	3.034s	0.632s	40	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	2.627s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.380s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.647s (-71.5% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.360s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.800s	3.309s	0.509s	37	1.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	39.900s (-69.3% 🟢)	41.994s (-68.2% 🟢)	2.095s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.165s (-41.5% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.841s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.178s (-37.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.828s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.218s	1.006s	0.788s	60	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.361s	1.005s	0.644s	60	2.18x
💻 Local	Express	0.380s (-32.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.624s	60	2.30x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.388s (-35.9% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.8%)	0.616s	60	2.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.572s (+31.6% 🔺)	4.350s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.778s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.274s (-46.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.731s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.293s (-41.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.713s	90	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.399s	1.006s	0.607s	90	1.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.718s	2.007s	0.289s	45	6.27x
💻 Local	Express	1.949s (-22.5% 🟢)	2.402s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.453s	38	7.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.002s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.534s (-15.8% 🟢)	0.532s	36	7.31x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.424s (+110.9% 🔺)	8.128s (+69.1% 🔺)	1.704s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.548s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.2%)	0.458s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.593s (-25.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.413s	120	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.807s	1.006s	0.199s	120	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.490s	9.022s	0.532s	14	15.50x
💻 Local	Express	9.545s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.107s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.561s	12	17.43x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.876s (-11.7% 🟢)	10.274s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.398s	12	18.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.131s (+117.4% 🔺)	17.804s (+92.6% 🔺)	1.673s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.113s (+459.1% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.4% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.2% 🔺)	0.905s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.117s (+422.5% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.117s	2.003s	0.008s	2.014s	0.897s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.124s (+448.1% 🔺)	2.002s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.002s (~)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.887s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.6% 🔺)	2.000s (+100.3% 🔺)	0.001s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.009s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.153s	2.002s	0.001s	2.011s	0.859s	10	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.137s (-14.7% 🟢)	3.233s (-21.0% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.512s (-1.4%)	3.375s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.508s (+99.1% 🔺)	2.012s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.008s (-17.9% 🟢)	2.022s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.514s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.512s (+140.0% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.3% 🔺)	0.003s (-11.2% 🟢)	2.023s (+97.7% 🔺)	0.511s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.514s (+142.7% 🔺)	2.009s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.510s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.523s (+81.5% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.010s (+7.4% 🔺)	2.022s (+81.2% 🔺)	0.499s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.582s	2.010s	0.004s	2.025s	0.443s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.648s	2.008s	0.009s	2.198s	0.550s	28	1.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.009s (-7.6% 🟢)	7.281s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.360s (-11.8% 🟢)	8.139s (-7.9% 🟢)	2.130s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.607s (-37.4% 🟢)	1.035s (-17.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.042s (-17.2% 🟢)	0.435s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.614s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.034s (-19.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.3% 🟢)	0.428s	58	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.700s	1.053s	0.000s	1.060s	0.360s	57	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.945s	1.189s	0.000s	1.192s	0.246s	51	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.949s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.236s (-38.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+360.0% 🔺)	1.238s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.289s	50	1.56x
💻 Local	Express	1.029s (-16.0% 🟢)	1.095s (-45.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.195s (-40.9% 🟢)	0.166s	51	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.629s (-3.0%)	4.700s (-7.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.2% 🟢)	5.188s (-6.2% 🟢)	1.559s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.191s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.905s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.944s (-11.6% 🟢)	0.753s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.257s (-29.9% 🟢)	2.001s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-6.7% 🟢)	2.024s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.767s	30	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.385s	2.183s	0.000s	2.191s	0.806s	28	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.467s	3.027s	0.001s	3.031s	0.564s	20	2.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.716s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.424s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.001s (+25.0% 🔺)	3.427s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.711s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.837s (-18.2% 🟢)	3.296s (-18.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-47.4% 🟢)	3.300s (-18.2% 🟢)	0.463s	19	2.38x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.303s (+15.6% 🔺)	7.004s (+16.3% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.529s (+16.6% 🔺)	2.226s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
▲ Vercel	Nitro	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	14/21
▲ Vercel	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	11/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[pranaygp]

Added a note to the PR description calling out the extra changes I made after the initial forward-port.

For visibility here too: these changes are deviations from the original #1986 payload, and they were added because CI on the main PR exposed failures that the stable forward-port alone did not cover:

• V2 background step handlers now enqueue an idempotent workflow continuation instead of replaying inline from every completed background handler. The old path let racing handlers enter the next batch more than once, causing duplicate step_started / hook_received events and Unconsumed event in event log failures.
• The eager Next builder now does a full workflow rebuild on modified files in watch mode. The previous modified-file rebuild refreshed generated route code but left the workflow manifest stale when an API route import graph changed, which is why the nextjs-webpack dev test timed out after adding a workflow file.
• The dev E2E harness now imports the added workflow through the app-root @/workflows/... alias for Next, triggers the POST route so the module is actually compiled, and gives cleanup more time for slower Windows dev-server teardown.

These are still in service of making this forward-port pass on main, but they are intentionally called out as additional main stabilization work rather than changes that came directly from #1986. The no-backport note still applies: this PR itself should not be backported.