[world-testing] fix flow invocation counter race in inline-execution tests

[TooTallNate]

Summary

Fixes the flaky unit test failure seen on multiple PRs (e.g. PR #2013, PR #2035):

FAIL test/spec.test.ts > sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation
AssertionError: expected +0 to be 1 // Object.is equality
❯ ../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts:45:21

Root cause

The test server's flow handler awaited flowPOST before incrementing the per-run invocation counter:

constcloned=ctx.req.raw.clone();constresponse=awaitflowPOST(ctx.req.raw);// (1) workflow may complete & flush DB here// (2) read cloned body, increment counterreturnresponse;

That races with the test, which polls getRun() until it sees status === 'completed' and then immediately queries /_flow-invocations/:runId:

1. Inside flowPOST, the workflow runs and writes the completed run to the DB.
2. The test's vi.waitFor poll sees status === 'completed'.
3. The test fetches the flow invocation count.
4. The counter increment in the handler hadn't run yet → count returns 0 instead of 1.

Locally the race rarely loses (the cloned-body read is fast) but on slower CI runners it loses often enough to be visible across many PRs.

Fix

Increment the counter before awaiting flowPOST so the count is observable as soon as the run transitions to completed. Same logic, just reordered.

Test plan

• Re-ran packages/world-testing/test/embedded.test.ts locally — all 9 tests pass, including the four inline-execution.mts cases that drive the counter.
• Could not reproduce the race locally (Docker on this box is broken so postgres test was skipped), but the fix removes the only await between request entry and counter increment, so there is no longer a window where the run can be flushed to the DB before the counter is bumped.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c11f633

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-testing	Patch

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[vercel]

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1198	2	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	726	1	176	903
Total	6814	3	1052	7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (2 failed):

• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions | wrun_01KS3RNPMVVB6C8PR0168PSSWT | 🔍 observability
• AbortController abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• distributedAbortController - manual abort triggers signal | wrun_01KS3S811F65HFD53TRWAE1NP6

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	101	2	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	102	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.029s (-34.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.030s (-31.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.049s (-16.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.963s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-36.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.8%)	0.953s	10	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.067s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.939s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.072s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.084s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.926s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-3.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.005s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.384s (-4.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.636s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.401s (-5.1% 🟢)	11.014s (~)	0.613s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.408s (-4.9%)	11.023s (~)	0.615s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.513s (-3.3%)	11.017s (~)	0.503s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.654s	11.022s	0.368s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.401s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.626s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.406s (-8.1% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.610s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.447s (-10.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.581s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.729s (-5.9% 🟢)	14.023s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.293s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.118s	14.828s	0.710s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.822s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.200s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.872s (-29.3% 🟢)	12.024s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.151s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.892s (-15.1% 🟢)	12.017s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.125s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.598s (-9.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.427s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.002s	13.309s	0.308s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.135s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (-21.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.843s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.170s (-28.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.836s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.197s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.814s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.751s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.819s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.253s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.757s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.652s (-44.1% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.354s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.682s	2.006s	0.324s	15	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.683s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.322s	15	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.304s (-62.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.390s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.620s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.483s (-46.3% 🟢)	5.012s (-44.4% 🟢)	0.529s	6	3.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.632s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-42.6% 🟢)	0.546s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.684s	5.179s	0.495s	6	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.139s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.869s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.211s (-3.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.800s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.364s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.642s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.372s (-26.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.634s	15	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.195s (-49.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.274s (-45.5% 🟢)	2.013s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.738s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.833s (-41.5% 🟢)	2.222s (-41.0% 🟢)	0.389s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.916s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.316s (-40.4% 🟢)	0.400s	13	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.927s	2.393s	0.466s	13	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.290s (-63.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.718s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.430s (-58.9% 🟢)	2.014s (-49.8% 🟢)	0.584s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	4.559s (-48.2% 🟢)	5.346s (-42.3% 🟢)	0.787s	6	3.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.916s	5.352s	0.436s	6	3.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.467s (-40.2% 🟢)	6.013s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.547s	5	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.435s (-48.2% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.572s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (-53.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.549s	60	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.468s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.535s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.568s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.441s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.720s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.004s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.292s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.288s	70	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.152s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.844s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.033s (-3.2%)	0.648s	45	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.807s	2.051s	0.244s	44	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.965s (-50.8% 🟢)	2.334s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.369s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.560s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.035s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.475s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.619s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.388s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.637s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.370s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.859s	4.074s	0.216s	30	1.96x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.186s (-34.0% 🟢)	1.022s (+1.5%)	0.836s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (-23.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.789s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.375s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.629s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.387s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.617s	60	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.536s	1.004s	0.468s	60	2.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.277s (-45.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.729s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.356s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.652s	90	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.068s (-17.7% 🟢)	2.580s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.512s	35	7.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.099s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.556s	34	7.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	2.976s	0.641s	31	8.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.603s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.403s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.723s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.285s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	9.546s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.111s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.565s	12	15.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.729s (-13.1% 🟢)	10.444s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.715s	12	16.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s	11.575s	0.705s	11	18.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.127s (+466.0% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.890s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.7% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.143s (+434.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.173s (+472.0% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.013s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.841s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.174s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.843s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.498s (+137.7% 🔺)	1.999s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.004s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.023s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.526s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.669s	2.009s	0.011s	2.022s	0.354s	30	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.691s (+101.6% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.009s (-1.3%)	2.200s (+97.2% 🔺)	0.509s	28	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.701s (+172.5% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.032s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.331s	30	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (+152.2% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.4% 🔺)	0.009s (-0.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.514s	25	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.662s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.397s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.795s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.049s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+71.4% 🔺)	1.082s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.287s	56	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.321s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (-60.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.696s	30	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.343s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.674s	30	2.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.014s	0.000s	2.017s	0.537s	30	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.258s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.898s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.931s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.673s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.634s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.263s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.309s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.675s	26	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.815s	3.293s	0.001s	3.298s	0.483s	19	2.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (-12.8% 🟢)	3.556s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-55.9% 🟢)	3.562s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.536s	17	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.082s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.778s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.782s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.700s	16	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes a race in @workflow/world-testing’s inline-execution test server where the per-run flow invocation counter could be incremented after the workflow completion became observable, causing flaky assertions in CI.

Changes:

• Reorders the flow handler to increment the per-run invocation counter before awaiting/returning flowPOST.
• Adds an explanatory comment documenting the race and why the ordering matters.
• Adds a changeset bumping @workflow/world-testing with a patch release note.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/world-testing/src/server.mts	Moves flow invocation counting ahead of the flow handler execution to eliminate the observed flake window.
.changeset/fix-inline-execution-flow-count-race.md	Adds a patch changeset describing the test-flake fix for @workflow/world-testing.

---

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[TooTallNate]

Summary

Fixes the flaky unit test failure seen on multiple PRs (e.g. PR #2013, PR #2035):

FAIL test/spec.test.ts > sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation
AssertionError: expected +0 to be 1 // Object.is equality
❯ ../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts:45:21

Root cause

The test server's flow handler awaited flowPOST before incrementing the per-run invocation counter:

constcloned=ctx.req.raw.clone();constresponse=awaitflowPOST(ctx.req.raw);// (1) workflow may complete & flush DB here// (2) read cloned body, increment counterreturnresponse;

That races with the test, which polls getRun() until it sees status === 'completed' and then immediately queries /_flow-invocations/:runId:

1. Inside flowPOST, the workflow runs and writes the completed run to the DB.
2. The test's vi.waitFor poll sees status === 'completed'.
3. The test fetches the flow invocation count.
4. The counter increment in the handler hadn't run yet → count returns 0 instead of 1.

Locally the race rarely loses (the cloned-body read is fast) but on slower CI runners it loses often enough to be visible across many PRs.

Fix

Increment the counter before awaiting flowPOST so the count is observable as soon as the run transitions to completed. Same logic, just reordered.

Test plan

• Re-ran packages/world-testing/test/embedded.test.ts locally — all 9 tests pass, including the four inline-execution.mts cases that drive the counter.
• Could not reproduce the race locally (Docker on this box is broken so postgres test was skipped), but the fix removes the only await between request entry and counter increment, so there is no longer a window where the run can be flushed to the DB before the counter is bumped.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c11f633

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-testing	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1198	2	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	726	1	176	903
Total	6814	3	1052	7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (2 failed):

• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions | wrun_01KS3RNPMVVB6C8PR0168PSSWT | 🔍 observability
• AbortController abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• distributedAbortController - manual abort triggers signal | wrun_01KS3S811F65HFD53TRWAE1NP6

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	101	2	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	102	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.029s (-34.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.030s (-31.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.049s (-16.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.963s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-36.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.8%)	0.953s	10	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.067s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.939s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.072s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.084s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.926s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-3.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.005s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.384s (-4.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.636s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.401s (-5.1% 🟢)	11.014s (~)	0.613s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.408s (-4.9%)	11.023s (~)	0.615s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.513s (-3.3%)	11.017s (~)	0.503s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.654s	11.022s	0.368s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.401s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.626s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.406s (-8.1% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.610s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.447s (-10.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.581s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.729s (-5.9% 🟢)	14.023s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.293s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.118s	14.828s	0.710s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.822s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.200s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.872s (-29.3% 🟢)	12.024s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.151s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.892s (-15.1% 🟢)	12.017s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.125s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.598s (-9.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.427s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.002s	13.309s	0.308s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.135s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (-21.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.843s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.170s (-28.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.836s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.197s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.814s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.751s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.819s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.253s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.757s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.652s (-44.1% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.354s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.682s	2.006s	0.324s	15	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.683s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.322s	15	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.304s (-62.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.390s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.620s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.483s (-46.3% 🟢)	5.012s (-44.4% 🟢)	0.529s	6	3.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.632s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-42.6% 🟢)	0.546s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.684s	5.179s	0.495s	6	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.139s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.869s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.211s (-3.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.800s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.364s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.642s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.372s (-26.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.634s	15	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.195s (-49.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.274s (-45.5% 🟢)	2.013s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.738s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.833s (-41.5% 🟢)	2.222s (-41.0% 🟢)	0.389s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.916s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.316s (-40.4% 🟢)	0.400s	13	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.927s	2.393s	0.466s	13	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.290s (-63.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.718s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.430s (-58.9% 🟢)	2.014s (-49.8% 🟢)	0.584s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	4.559s (-48.2% 🟢)	5.346s (-42.3% 🟢)	0.787s	6	3.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.916s	5.352s	0.436s	6	3.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.467s (-40.2% 🟢)	6.013s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.547s	5	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.435s (-48.2% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.572s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (-53.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.549s	60	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.468s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.535s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.568s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.441s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.720s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.004s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.292s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.288s	70	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.152s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.844s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.033s (-3.2%)	0.648s	45	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.807s	2.051s	0.244s	44	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.965s (-50.8% 🟢)	2.334s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.369s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.560s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.035s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.475s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.619s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.388s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.637s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.370s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.859s	4.074s	0.216s	30	1.96x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.186s (-34.0% 🟢)	1.022s (+1.5%)	0.836s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (-23.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.789s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.375s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.629s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.387s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.617s	60	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.536s	1.004s	0.468s	60	2.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.277s (-45.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.729s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.356s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.652s	90	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.068s (-17.7% 🟢)	2.580s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.512s	35	7.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.099s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.556s	34	7.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	2.976s	0.641s	31	8.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.603s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.403s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.723s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.285s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	9.546s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.111s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.565s	12	15.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.729s (-13.1% 🟢)	10.444s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.715s	12	16.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s	11.575s	0.705s	11	18.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.127s (+466.0% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.890s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.7% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.143s (+434.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.173s (+472.0% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.013s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.841s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.174s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.843s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.498s (+137.7% 🔺)	1.999s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.004s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.023s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.526s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.669s	2.009s	0.011s	2.022s	0.354s	30	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.691s (+101.6% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.009s (-1.3%)	2.200s (+97.2% 🔺)	0.509s	28	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.701s (+172.5% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.032s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.331s	30	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (+152.2% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.4% 🔺)	0.009s (-0.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.514s	25	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.662s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.397s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.795s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.049s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+71.4% 🔺)	1.082s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.287s	56	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.321s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (-60.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.696s	30	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.343s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.674s	30	2.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.014s	0.000s	2.017s	0.537s	30	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.258s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.898s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.931s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.673s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.634s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.263s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.309s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.675s	26	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.815s	3.293s	0.001s	3.298s	0.483s	19	2.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (-12.8% 🟢)	3.556s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-55.9% 🟢)	3.562s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.536s	17	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.082s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.778s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.782s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.700s	16	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes a race in @workflow/world-testing’s inline-execution test server where the per-run flow invocation counter could be incremented after the workflow completion became observable, causing flaky assertions in CI.

Changes:

• Reorders the flow handler to increment the per-run invocation counter before awaiting/returning flowPOST.
• Adds an explanatory comment documenting the race and why the ordering matters.
• Adds a changeset bumping @workflow/world-testing with a patch release note.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/world-testing/src/server.mts	Moves flow invocation counting ahead of the flow handler execution to eliminate the observed flake window.
.changeset/fix-inline-execution-flow-count-race.md	Adds a patch changeset describing the test-flake fix for @workflow/world-testing.

---

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[TooTallNate]

Summary

Fixes the flaky unit test failure seen on multiple PRs (e.g. PR #2013, PR #2035):

FAIL test/spec.test.ts > sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation
AssertionError: expected +0 to be 1 // Object.is equality
❯ ../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts:45:21

Root cause

The test server's flow handler awaited flowPOST before incrementing the per-run invocation counter:

constcloned=ctx.req.raw.clone();constresponse=awaitflowPOST(ctx.req.raw);// (1) workflow may complete & flush DB here// (2) read cloned body, increment counterreturnresponse;

That races with the test, which polls getRun() until it sees status === 'completed' and then immediately queries /_flow-invocations/:runId:

1. Inside flowPOST, the workflow runs and writes the completed run to the DB.
2. The test's vi.waitFor poll sees status === 'completed'.
3. The test fetches the flow invocation count.
4. The counter increment in the handler hadn't run yet → count returns 0 instead of 1.

Locally the race rarely loses (the cloned-body read is fast) but on slower CI runners it loses often enough to be visible across many PRs.

Fix

Increment the counter before awaiting flowPOST so the count is observable as soon as the run transitions to completed. Same logic, just reordered.

Test plan

• Re-ran packages/world-testing/test/embedded.test.ts locally — all 9 tests pass, including the four inline-execution.mts cases that drive the counter.
• Could not reproduce the race locally (Docker on this box is broken so postgres test was skipped), but the fix removes the only await between request entry and counter increment, so there is no longer a window where the run can be flushed to the DB before the counter is bumped.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c11f633

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-testing	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1198	2	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	726	1	176	903
Total	6814	3	1052	7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (2 failed):

• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions | wrun_01KS3RNPMVVB6C8PR0168PSSWT | 🔍 observability
• AbortController abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• distributedAbortController - manual abort triggers signal | wrun_01KS3S811F65HFD53TRWAE1NP6

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	101	2	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	102	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.029s (-34.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.030s (-31.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.049s (-16.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.963s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-36.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.8%)	0.953s	10	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.067s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.939s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.072s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.084s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.926s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-3.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.005s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.384s (-4.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.636s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.401s (-5.1% 🟢)	11.014s (~)	0.613s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.408s (-4.9%)	11.023s (~)	0.615s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.513s (-3.3%)	11.017s (~)	0.503s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.654s	11.022s	0.368s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.401s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.626s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.406s (-8.1% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.610s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.447s (-10.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.581s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.729s (-5.9% 🟢)	14.023s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.293s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.118s	14.828s	0.710s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.822s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.200s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.872s (-29.3% 🟢)	12.024s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.151s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.892s (-15.1% 🟢)	12.017s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.125s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.598s (-9.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.427s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.002s	13.309s	0.308s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.135s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (-21.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.843s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.170s (-28.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.836s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.197s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.814s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.751s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.819s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.253s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.757s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.652s (-44.1% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.354s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.682s	2.006s	0.324s	15	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.683s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.322s	15	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.304s (-62.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.390s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.620s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.483s (-46.3% 🟢)	5.012s (-44.4% 🟢)	0.529s	6	3.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.632s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-42.6% 🟢)	0.546s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.684s	5.179s	0.495s	6	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.139s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.869s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.211s (-3.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.800s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.364s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.642s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.372s (-26.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.634s	15	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.195s (-49.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.274s (-45.5% 🟢)	2.013s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.738s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.833s (-41.5% 🟢)	2.222s (-41.0% 🟢)	0.389s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.916s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.316s (-40.4% 🟢)	0.400s	13	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.927s	2.393s	0.466s	13	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.290s (-63.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.718s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.430s (-58.9% 🟢)	2.014s (-49.8% 🟢)	0.584s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	4.559s (-48.2% 🟢)	5.346s (-42.3% 🟢)	0.787s	6	3.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.916s	5.352s	0.436s	6	3.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.467s (-40.2% 🟢)	6.013s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.547s	5	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.435s (-48.2% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.572s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (-53.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.549s	60	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.468s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.535s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.568s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.441s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.720s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.004s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.292s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.288s	70	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.152s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.844s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.033s (-3.2%)	0.648s	45	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.807s	2.051s	0.244s	44	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.965s (-50.8% 🟢)	2.334s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.369s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.560s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.035s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.475s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.619s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.388s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.637s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.370s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.859s	4.074s	0.216s	30	1.96x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.186s (-34.0% 🟢)	1.022s (+1.5%)	0.836s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (-23.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.789s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.375s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.629s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.387s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.617s	60	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.536s	1.004s	0.468s	60	2.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.277s (-45.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.729s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.356s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.652s	90	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.068s (-17.7% 🟢)	2.580s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.512s	35	7.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.099s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.556s	34	7.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	2.976s	0.641s	31	8.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.603s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.403s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.723s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.285s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	9.546s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.111s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.565s	12	15.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.729s (-13.1% 🟢)	10.444s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.715s	12	16.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s	11.575s	0.705s	11	18.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.127s (+466.0% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.890s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.7% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.143s (+434.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.173s (+472.0% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.013s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.841s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.174s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.843s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.498s (+137.7% 🔺)	1.999s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.004s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.023s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.526s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.669s	2.009s	0.011s	2.022s	0.354s	30	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.691s (+101.6% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.009s (-1.3%)	2.200s (+97.2% 🔺)	0.509s	28	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.701s (+172.5% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.032s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.331s	30	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (+152.2% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.4% 🔺)	0.009s (-0.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.514s	25	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.662s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.397s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.795s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.049s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+71.4% 🔺)	1.082s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.287s	56	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.321s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (-60.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.696s	30	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.343s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.674s	30	2.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.014s	0.000s	2.017s	0.537s	30	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.258s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.898s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.931s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.673s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.634s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.263s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.309s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.675s	26	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.815s	3.293s	0.001s	3.298s	0.483s	19	2.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (-12.8% 🟢)	3.556s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-55.9% 🟢)	3.562s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.536s	17	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.082s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.778s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.782s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.700s	16	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes a race in @workflow/world-testing’s inline-execution test server where the per-run flow invocation counter could be incremented after the workflow completion became observable, causing flaky assertions in CI.

Changes:

• Reorders the flow handler to increment the per-run invocation counter before awaiting/returning flowPOST.
• Adds an explanatory comment documenting the race and why the ordering matters.
• Adds a changeset bumping @workflow/world-testing with a patch release note.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/world-testing/src/server.mts	Moves flow invocation counting ahead of the flow handler execution to eliminate the observed flake window.
.changeset/fix-inline-execution-flow-count-race.md	Adds a patch changeset describing the test-flake fix for @workflow/world-testing.

---

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[TooTallNate]

Summary

Fixes the flaky unit test failure seen on multiple PRs (e.g. PR #2013, PR #2035):

FAIL test/spec.test.ts > sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation
AssertionError: expected +0 to be 1 // Object.is equality
❯ ../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts:45:21

Root cause

The test server's flow handler awaited flowPOST before incrementing the per-run invocation counter:

constcloned=ctx.req.raw.clone();constresponse=awaitflowPOST(ctx.req.raw);// (1) workflow may complete & flush DB here// (2) read cloned body, increment counterreturnresponse;

That races with the test, which polls getRun() until it sees status === 'completed' and then immediately queries /_flow-invocations/:runId:

1. Inside flowPOST, the workflow runs and writes the completed run to the DB.
2. The test's vi.waitFor poll sees status === 'completed'.
3. The test fetches the flow invocation count.
4. The counter increment in the handler hadn't run yet → count returns 0 instead of 1.

Locally the race rarely loses (the cloned-body read is fast) but on slower CI runners it loses often enough to be visible across many PRs.

Fix

Increment the counter before awaiting flowPOST so the count is observable as soon as the run transitions to completed. Same logic, just reordered.

Test plan

• Re-ran packages/world-testing/test/embedded.test.ts locally — all 9 tests pass, including the four inline-execution.mts cases that drive the counter.
• Could not reproduce the race locally (Docker on this box is broken so postgres test was skipped), but the fix removes the only await between request entry and counter increment, so there is no longer a window where the run can be flushed to the DB before the counter is bumped.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c11f633

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-testing	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1198	2	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	726	1	176	903
Total	6814	3	1052	7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (2 failed):

• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions | wrun_01KS3RNPMVVB6C8PR0168PSSWT | 🔍 observability
• AbortController abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• distributedAbortController - manual abort triggers signal | wrun_01KS3S811F65HFD53TRWAE1NP6

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	101	2	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	102	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.029s (-34.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.030s (-31.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.049s (-16.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.963s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-36.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.8%)	0.953s	10	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.067s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.939s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.072s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.084s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.926s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-3.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.005s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.384s (-4.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.636s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.401s (-5.1% 🟢)	11.014s (~)	0.613s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.408s (-4.9%)	11.023s (~)	0.615s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.513s (-3.3%)	11.017s (~)	0.503s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.654s	11.022s	0.368s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.401s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.626s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.406s (-8.1% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.610s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.447s (-10.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.581s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.729s (-5.9% 🟢)	14.023s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.293s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.118s	14.828s	0.710s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.822s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.200s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.872s (-29.3% 🟢)	12.024s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.151s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.892s (-15.1% 🟢)	12.017s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.125s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.598s (-9.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.427s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.002s	13.309s	0.308s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.135s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (-21.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.843s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.170s (-28.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.836s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.197s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.814s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.751s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.819s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.253s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.757s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.652s (-44.1% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.354s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.682s	2.006s	0.324s	15	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.683s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.322s	15	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.304s (-62.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.390s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.620s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.483s (-46.3% 🟢)	5.012s (-44.4% 🟢)	0.529s	6	3.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.632s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-42.6% 🟢)	0.546s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.684s	5.179s	0.495s	6	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.139s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.869s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.211s (-3.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.800s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.364s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.642s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.372s (-26.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.634s	15	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.195s (-49.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.274s (-45.5% 🟢)	2.013s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.738s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.833s (-41.5% 🟢)	2.222s (-41.0% 🟢)	0.389s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.916s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.316s (-40.4% 🟢)	0.400s	13	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.927s	2.393s	0.466s	13	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.290s (-63.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.718s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.430s (-58.9% 🟢)	2.014s (-49.8% 🟢)	0.584s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	4.559s (-48.2% 🟢)	5.346s (-42.3% 🟢)	0.787s	6	3.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.916s	5.352s	0.436s	6	3.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.467s (-40.2% 🟢)	6.013s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.547s	5	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.435s (-48.2% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.572s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (-53.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.549s	60	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.468s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.535s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.568s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.441s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.720s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.004s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.292s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.288s	70	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.152s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.844s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.033s (-3.2%)	0.648s	45	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.807s	2.051s	0.244s	44	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.965s (-50.8% 🟢)	2.334s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.369s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.560s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.035s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.475s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.619s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.388s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.637s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.370s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.859s	4.074s	0.216s	30	1.96x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.186s (-34.0% 🟢)	1.022s (+1.5%)	0.836s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (-23.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.789s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.375s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.629s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.387s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.617s	60	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.536s	1.004s	0.468s	60	2.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.277s (-45.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.729s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.356s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.652s	90	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.068s (-17.7% 🟢)	2.580s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.512s	35	7.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.099s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.556s	34	7.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	2.976s	0.641s	31	8.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.603s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.403s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.723s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.285s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	9.546s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.111s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.565s	12	15.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.729s (-13.1% 🟢)	10.444s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.715s	12	16.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s	11.575s	0.705s	11	18.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.127s (+466.0% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.890s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.7% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.143s (+434.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.173s (+472.0% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.013s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.841s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.174s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.843s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.498s (+137.7% 🔺)	1.999s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.004s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.023s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.526s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.669s	2.009s	0.011s	2.022s	0.354s	30	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.691s (+101.6% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.009s (-1.3%)	2.200s (+97.2% 🔺)	0.509s	28	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.701s (+172.5% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.032s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.331s	30	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (+152.2% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.4% 🔺)	0.009s (-0.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.514s	25	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.662s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.397s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.795s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.049s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+71.4% 🔺)	1.082s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.287s	56	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.321s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (-60.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.696s	30	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.343s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.674s	30	2.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.014s	0.000s	2.017s	0.537s	30	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.258s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.898s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.931s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.673s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.634s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.263s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.309s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.675s	26	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.815s	3.293s	0.001s	3.298s	0.483s	19	2.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (-12.8% 🟢)	3.556s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-55.9% 🟢)	3.562s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.536s	17	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.082s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.778s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.782s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.700s	16	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes a race in @workflow/world-testing’s inline-execution test server where the per-run flow invocation counter could be incremented after the workflow completion became observable, causing flaky assertions in CI.

Changes:

• Reorders the flow handler to increment the per-run invocation counter before awaiting/returning flowPOST.
• Adds an explanatory comment documenting the race and why the ordering matters.
• Adds a changeset bumping @workflow/world-testing with a patch release note.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/world-testing/src/server.mts	Moves flow invocation counting ahead of the flow handler execution to eliminate the observed flake window.
.changeset/fix-inline-execution-flow-count-race.md	Adds a patch changeset describing the test-flake fix for @workflow/world-testing.

---

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[TooTallNate]

Summary

Fixes the flaky unit test failure seen on multiple PRs (e.g. PR #2013, PR #2035):

FAIL test/spec.test.ts > sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation
AssertionError: expected +0 to be 1 // Object.is equality
❯ ../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts:45:21

Root cause

The test server's flow handler awaited flowPOST before incrementing the per-run invocation counter:

constcloned=ctx.req.raw.clone();constresponse=awaitflowPOST(ctx.req.raw);// (1) workflow may complete & flush DB here// (2) read cloned body, increment counterreturnresponse;

That races with the test, which polls getRun() until it sees status === 'completed' and then immediately queries /_flow-invocations/:runId:

1. Inside flowPOST, the workflow runs and writes the completed run to the DB.
2. The test's vi.waitFor poll sees status === 'completed'.
3. The test fetches the flow invocation count.
4. The counter increment in the handler hadn't run yet → count returns 0 instead of 1.

Locally the race rarely loses (the cloned-body read is fast) but on slower CI runners it loses often enough to be visible across many PRs.

Fix

Increment the counter before awaiting flowPOST so the count is observable as soon as the run transitions to completed. Same logic, just reordered.

Test plan

• Re-ran packages/world-testing/test/embedded.test.ts locally — all 9 tests pass, including the four inline-execution.mts cases that drive the counter.
• Could not reproduce the race locally (Docker on this box is broken so postgres test was skipped), but the fix removes the only await between request entry and counter increment, so there is no longer a window where the run can be flushed to the DB before the counter is bumped.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c11f633

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-testing	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1198	2	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	726	1	176	903
Total	6814	3	1052	7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (2 failed):

• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions | wrun_01KS3RNPMVVB6C8PR0168PSSWT | 🔍 observability
• AbortController abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• distributedAbortController - manual abort triggers signal | wrun_01KS3S811F65HFD53TRWAE1NP6

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	101	2	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	102	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.029s (-34.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.030s (-31.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.049s (-16.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.963s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-36.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.8%)	0.953s	10	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.067s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.939s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.072s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.084s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.926s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-3.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.005s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.384s (-4.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.636s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.401s (-5.1% 🟢)	11.014s (~)	0.613s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.408s (-4.9%)	11.023s (~)	0.615s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.513s (-3.3%)	11.017s (~)	0.503s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.654s	11.022s	0.368s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.401s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.626s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.406s (-8.1% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.610s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.447s (-10.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.581s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.729s (-5.9% 🟢)	14.023s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.293s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.118s	14.828s	0.710s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.822s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.200s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.872s (-29.3% 🟢)	12.024s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.151s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.892s (-15.1% 🟢)	12.017s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.125s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.598s (-9.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.427s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.002s	13.309s	0.308s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.135s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (-21.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.843s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.170s (-28.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.836s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.197s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.814s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.751s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.819s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.253s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.757s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.652s (-44.1% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.354s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.682s	2.006s	0.324s	15	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.683s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.322s	15	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.304s (-62.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.390s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.620s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.483s (-46.3% 🟢)	5.012s (-44.4% 🟢)	0.529s	6	3.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.632s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-42.6% 🟢)	0.546s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.684s	5.179s	0.495s	6	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.139s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.869s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.211s (-3.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.800s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.364s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.642s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.372s (-26.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.634s	15	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.195s (-49.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.274s (-45.5% 🟢)	2.013s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.738s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.833s (-41.5% 🟢)	2.222s (-41.0% 🟢)	0.389s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.916s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.316s (-40.4% 🟢)	0.400s	13	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.927s	2.393s	0.466s	13	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.290s (-63.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.718s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.430s (-58.9% 🟢)	2.014s (-49.8% 🟢)	0.584s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	4.559s (-48.2% 🟢)	5.346s (-42.3% 🟢)	0.787s	6	3.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.916s	5.352s	0.436s	6	3.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.467s (-40.2% 🟢)	6.013s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.547s	5	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.435s (-48.2% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.572s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (-53.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.549s	60	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.468s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.535s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.568s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.441s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.720s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.004s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.292s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.288s	70	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.152s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.844s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.033s (-3.2%)	0.648s	45	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.807s	2.051s	0.244s	44	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.965s (-50.8% 🟢)	2.334s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.369s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.560s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.035s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.475s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.619s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.388s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.637s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.370s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.859s	4.074s	0.216s	30	1.96x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.186s (-34.0% 🟢)	1.022s (+1.5%)	0.836s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (-23.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.789s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.375s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.629s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.387s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.617s	60	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.536s	1.004s	0.468s	60	2.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.277s (-45.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.729s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.356s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.652s	90	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.068s (-17.7% 🟢)	2.580s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.512s	35	7.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.099s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.556s	34	7.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	2.976s	0.641s	31	8.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.603s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.403s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.723s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.285s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	9.546s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.111s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.565s	12	15.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.729s (-13.1% 🟢)	10.444s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.715s	12	16.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s	11.575s	0.705s	11	18.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.127s (+466.0% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.890s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.7% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.143s (+434.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.173s (+472.0% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.013s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.841s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.174s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.843s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.498s (+137.7% 🔺)	1.999s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.004s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.023s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.526s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.669s	2.009s	0.011s	2.022s	0.354s	30	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.691s (+101.6% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.009s (-1.3%)	2.200s (+97.2% 🔺)	0.509s	28	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.701s (+172.5% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.032s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.331s	30	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (+152.2% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.4% 🔺)	0.009s (-0.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.514s	25	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.662s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.397s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.795s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.049s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+71.4% 🔺)	1.082s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.287s	56	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.321s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (-60.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.696s	30	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.343s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.674s	30	2.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.014s	0.000s	2.017s	0.537s	30	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.258s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.898s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.931s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.673s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.634s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.263s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.309s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.675s	26	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.815s	3.293s	0.001s	3.298s	0.483s	19	2.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (-12.8% 🟢)	3.556s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-55.9% 🟢)	3.562s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.536s	17	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.082s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.778s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.782s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.700s	16	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes a race in @workflow/world-testing’s inline-execution test server where the per-run flow invocation counter could be incremented after the workflow completion became observable, causing flaky assertions in CI.

Changes:

• Reorders the flow handler to increment the per-run invocation counter before awaiting/returning flowPOST.
• Adds an explanatory comment documenting the race and why the ordering matters.
• Adds a changeset bumping @workflow/world-testing with a patch release note.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/world-testing/src/server.mts	Moves flow invocation counting ahead of the flow handler execution to eliminate the observed flake window.
.changeset/fix-inline-execution-flow-count-race.md	Adds a patch changeset describing the test-flake fix for @workflow/world-testing.

---

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[TooTallNate]

Summary

Fixes the flaky unit test failure seen on multiple PRs (e.g. PR #2013, PR #2035):

FAIL test/spec.test.ts > sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation
AssertionError: expected +0 to be 1 // Object.is equality
❯ ../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts:45:21

Root cause

The test server's flow handler awaited flowPOST before incrementing the per-run invocation counter:

constcloned=ctx.req.raw.clone();constresponse=awaitflowPOST(ctx.req.raw);// (1) workflow may complete & flush DB here// (2) read cloned body, increment counterreturnresponse;

That races with the test, which polls getRun() until it sees status === 'completed' and then immediately queries /_flow-invocations/:runId:

1. Inside flowPOST, the workflow runs and writes the completed run to the DB.
2. The test's vi.waitFor poll sees status === 'completed'.
3. The test fetches the flow invocation count.
4. The counter increment in the handler hadn't run yet → count returns 0 instead of 1.

Locally the race rarely loses (the cloned-body read is fast) but on slower CI runners it loses often enough to be visible across many PRs.

Fix

Increment the counter before awaiting flowPOST so the count is observable as soon as the run transitions to completed. Same logic, just reordered.

Test plan

• Re-ran packages/world-testing/test/embedded.test.ts locally — all 9 tests pass, including the four inline-execution.mts cases that drive the counter.
• Could not reproduce the race locally (Docker on this box is broken so postgres test was skipped), but the fix removes the only await between request entry and counter increment, so there is no longer a window where the run can be flushed to the DB before the counter is bumped.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c11f633

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-testing	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1198	2	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	726	1	176	903
Total	6814	3	1052	7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (2 failed):

• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions | wrun_01KS3RNPMVVB6C8PR0168PSSWT | 🔍 observability
• AbortController abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• distributedAbortController - manual abort triggers signal | wrun_01KS3S811F65HFD53TRWAE1NP6

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	101	2	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	102	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.029s (-34.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.030s (-31.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.049s (-16.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.963s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-36.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.8%)	0.953s	10	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.067s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.939s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.072s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.084s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.926s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-3.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.005s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.384s (-4.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.636s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.401s (-5.1% 🟢)	11.014s (~)	0.613s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.408s (-4.9%)	11.023s (~)	0.615s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.513s (-3.3%)	11.017s (~)	0.503s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.654s	11.022s	0.368s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.401s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.626s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.406s (-8.1% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.610s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.447s (-10.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.581s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.729s (-5.9% 🟢)	14.023s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.293s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.118s	14.828s	0.710s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.822s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.200s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.872s (-29.3% 🟢)	12.024s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.151s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.892s (-15.1% 🟢)	12.017s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.125s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.598s (-9.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.427s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.002s	13.309s	0.308s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.135s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (-21.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.843s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.170s (-28.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.836s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.197s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.814s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.751s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.819s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.253s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.757s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.652s (-44.1% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.354s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.682s	2.006s	0.324s	15	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.683s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.322s	15	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.304s (-62.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.390s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.620s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.483s (-46.3% 🟢)	5.012s (-44.4% 🟢)	0.529s	6	3.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.632s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-42.6% 🟢)	0.546s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.684s	5.179s	0.495s	6	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.139s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.869s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.211s (-3.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.800s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.364s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.642s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.372s (-26.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.634s	15	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.195s (-49.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.274s (-45.5% 🟢)	2.013s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.738s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.833s (-41.5% 🟢)	2.222s (-41.0% 🟢)	0.389s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.916s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.316s (-40.4% 🟢)	0.400s	13	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.927s	2.393s	0.466s	13	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.290s (-63.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.718s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.430s (-58.9% 🟢)	2.014s (-49.8% 🟢)	0.584s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	4.559s (-48.2% 🟢)	5.346s (-42.3% 🟢)	0.787s	6	3.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.916s	5.352s	0.436s	6	3.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.467s (-40.2% 🟢)	6.013s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.547s	5	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.435s (-48.2% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.572s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (-53.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.549s	60	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.468s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.535s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.568s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.441s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.720s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.004s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.292s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.288s	70	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.152s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.844s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.033s (-3.2%)	0.648s	45	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.807s	2.051s	0.244s	44	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.965s (-50.8% 🟢)	2.334s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.369s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.560s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.035s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.475s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.619s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.388s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.637s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.370s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.859s	4.074s	0.216s	30	1.96x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.186s (-34.0% 🟢)	1.022s (+1.5%)	0.836s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (-23.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.789s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.375s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.629s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.387s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.617s	60	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.536s	1.004s	0.468s	60	2.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.277s (-45.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.729s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.356s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.652s	90	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.068s (-17.7% 🟢)	2.580s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.512s	35	7.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.099s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.556s	34	7.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	2.976s	0.641s	31	8.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.603s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.403s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.723s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.285s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	9.546s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.111s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.565s	12	15.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.729s (-13.1% 🟢)	10.444s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.715s	12	16.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s	11.575s	0.705s	11	18.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.127s (+466.0% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.890s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.7% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.143s (+434.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.173s (+472.0% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.013s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.841s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.174s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.843s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.498s (+137.7% 🔺)	1.999s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.004s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.023s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.526s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.669s	2.009s	0.011s	2.022s	0.354s	30	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.691s (+101.6% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.009s (-1.3%)	2.200s (+97.2% 🔺)	0.509s	28	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.701s (+172.5% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.032s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.331s	30	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (+152.2% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.4% 🔺)	0.009s (-0.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.514s	25	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.662s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.397s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.795s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.049s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+71.4% 🔺)	1.082s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.287s	56	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.321s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (-60.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.696s	30	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.343s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.674s	30	2.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.014s	0.000s	2.017s	0.537s	30	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.258s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.898s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.931s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.673s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.634s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.263s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.309s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.675s	26	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.815s	3.293s	0.001s	3.298s	0.483s	19	2.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (-12.8% 🟢)	3.556s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-55.9% 🟢)	3.562s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.536s	17	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.082s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.778s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.782s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.700s	16	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes a race in @workflow/world-testing’s inline-execution test server where the per-run flow invocation counter could be incremented after the workflow completion became observable, causing flaky assertions in CI.

Changes:

• Reorders the flow handler to increment the per-run invocation counter before awaiting/returning flowPOST.
• Adds an explanatory comment documenting the race and why the ordering matters.
• Adds a changeset bumping @workflow/world-testing with a patch release note.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/world-testing/src/server.mts	Moves flow invocation counting ahead of the flow handler execution to eliminate the observed flake window.
.changeset/fix-inline-execution-flow-count-race.md	Adds a patch changeset describing the test-flake fix for @workflow/world-testing.

---

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[TooTallNate]

Summary

Fixes the flaky unit test failure seen on multiple PRs (e.g. PR #2013, PR #2035):

FAIL test/spec.test.ts > sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation
AssertionError: expected +0 to be 1 // Object.is equality
❯ ../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts:45:21

Root cause

The test server's flow handler awaited flowPOST before incrementing the per-run invocation counter:

constcloned=ctx.req.raw.clone();constresponse=awaitflowPOST(ctx.req.raw);// (1) workflow may complete & flush DB here// (2) read cloned body, increment counterreturnresponse;

That races with the test, which polls getRun() until it sees status === 'completed' and then immediately queries /_flow-invocations/:runId:

1. Inside flowPOST, the workflow runs and writes the completed run to the DB.
2. The test's vi.waitFor poll sees status === 'completed'.
3. The test fetches the flow invocation count.
4. The counter increment in the handler hadn't run yet → count returns 0 instead of 1.

Locally the race rarely loses (the cloned-body read is fast) but on slower CI runners it loses often enough to be visible across many PRs.

Fix

Increment the counter before awaiting flowPOST so the count is observable as soon as the run transitions to completed. Same logic, just reordered.

Test plan

• Re-ran packages/world-testing/test/embedded.test.ts locally — all 9 tests pass, including the four inline-execution.mts cases that drive the counter.
• Could not reproduce the race locally (Docker on this box is broken so postgres test was skipped), but the fix removes the only await between request entry and counter increment, so there is no longer a window where the run can be flushed to the DB before the counter is bumped.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c11f633

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-testing	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1198	2	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	726	1	176	903
Total	6814	3	1052	7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (2 failed):

• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions | wrun_01KS3RNPMVVB6C8PR0168PSSWT | 🔍 observability
• AbortController abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• distributedAbortController - manual abort triggers signal | wrun_01KS3S811F65HFD53TRWAE1NP6

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	101	2	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	102	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.029s (-34.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.030s (-31.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.049s (-16.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.963s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-36.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.8%)	0.953s	10	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.067s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.939s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.072s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.084s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.926s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-3.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.005s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.384s (-4.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.636s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.401s (-5.1% 🟢)	11.014s (~)	0.613s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.408s (-4.9%)	11.023s (~)	0.615s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.513s (-3.3%)	11.017s (~)	0.503s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.654s	11.022s	0.368s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.401s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.626s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.406s (-8.1% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.610s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.447s (-10.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.581s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.729s (-5.9% 🟢)	14.023s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.293s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.118s	14.828s	0.710s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.822s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.200s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.872s (-29.3% 🟢)	12.024s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.151s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.892s (-15.1% 🟢)	12.017s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.125s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.598s (-9.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.427s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.002s	13.309s	0.308s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.135s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (-21.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.843s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.170s (-28.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.836s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.197s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.814s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.751s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.819s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.253s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.757s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.652s (-44.1% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.354s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.682s	2.006s	0.324s	15	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.683s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.322s	15	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.304s (-62.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.390s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.620s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.483s (-46.3% 🟢)	5.012s (-44.4% 🟢)	0.529s	6	3.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.632s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-42.6% 🟢)	0.546s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.684s	5.179s	0.495s	6	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.139s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.869s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.211s (-3.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.800s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.364s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.642s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.372s (-26.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.634s	15	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.195s (-49.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.274s (-45.5% 🟢)	2.013s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.738s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.833s (-41.5% 🟢)	2.222s (-41.0% 🟢)	0.389s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.916s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.316s (-40.4% 🟢)	0.400s	13	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.927s	2.393s	0.466s	13	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.290s (-63.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.718s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.430s (-58.9% 🟢)	2.014s (-49.8% 🟢)	0.584s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	4.559s (-48.2% 🟢)	5.346s (-42.3% 🟢)	0.787s	6	3.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.916s	5.352s	0.436s	6	3.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.467s (-40.2% 🟢)	6.013s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.547s	5	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.435s (-48.2% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.572s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (-53.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.549s	60	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.468s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.535s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.568s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.441s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.720s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.004s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.292s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.288s	70	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.152s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.844s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.033s (-3.2%)	0.648s	45	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.807s	2.051s	0.244s	44	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.965s (-50.8% 🟢)	2.334s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.369s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.560s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.035s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.475s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.619s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.388s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.637s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.370s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.859s	4.074s	0.216s	30	1.96x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.186s (-34.0% 🟢)	1.022s (+1.5%)	0.836s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (-23.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.789s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.375s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.629s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.387s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.617s	60	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.536s	1.004s	0.468s	60	2.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.277s (-45.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.729s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.356s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.652s	90	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.068s (-17.7% 🟢)	2.580s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.512s	35	7.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.099s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.556s	34	7.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	2.976s	0.641s	31	8.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.603s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.403s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.723s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.285s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	9.546s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.111s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.565s	12	15.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.729s (-13.1% 🟢)	10.444s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.715s	12	16.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s	11.575s	0.705s	11	18.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.127s (+466.0% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.890s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.7% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.143s (+434.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.173s (+472.0% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.013s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.841s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.174s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.843s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.498s (+137.7% 🔺)	1.999s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.004s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.023s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.526s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.669s	2.009s	0.011s	2.022s	0.354s	30	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.691s (+101.6% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.009s (-1.3%)	2.200s (+97.2% 🔺)	0.509s	28	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.701s (+172.5% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.032s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.331s	30	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (+152.2% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.4% 🔺)	0.009s (-0.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.514s	25	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.662s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.397s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.795s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.049s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+71.4% 🔺)	1.082s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.287s	56	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.321s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (-60.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.696s	30	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.343s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.674s	30	2.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.014s	0.000s	2.017s	0.537s	30	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.258s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.898s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.931s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.673s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.634s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.263s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.309s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.675s	26	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.815s	3.293s	0.001s	3.298s	0.483s	19	2.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (-12.8% 🟢)	3.556s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-55.9% 🟢)	3.562s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.536s	17	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.082s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.778s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.782s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.700s	16	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes a race in @workflow/world-testing’s inline-execution test server where the per-run flow invocation counter could be incremented after the workflow completion became observable, causing flaky assertions in CI.

Changes:

• Reorders the flow handler to increment the per-run invocation counter before awaiting/returning flowPOST.
• Adds an explanatory comment documenting the race and why the ordering matters.
• Adds a changeset bumping @workflow/world-testing with a patch release note.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/world-testing/src/server.mts	Moves flow invocation counting ahead of the flow handler execution to eliminate the observed flake window.
.changeset/fix-inline-execution-flow-count-race.md	Adds a patch changeset describing the test-flake fix for @workflow/world-testing.

---

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[TooTallNate]

Summary

Fixes the flaky unit test failure seen on multiple PRs (e.g. PR #2013, PR #2035):

FAIL test/spec.test.ts > sequential steps complete in a single flow invocation
AssertionError: expected +0 to be 1 // Object.is equality
❯ ../world-testing/src/inline-execution.mts:45:21

Root cause

The test server's flow handler awaited flowPOST before incrementing the per-run invocation counter:

constcloned=ctx.req.raw.clone();constresponse=awaitflowPOST(ctx.req.raw);// (1) workflow may complete & flush DB here// (2) read cloned body, increment counterreturnresponse;

That races with the test, which polls getRun() until it sees status === 'completed' and then immediately queries /_flow-invocations/:runId:

1. Inside flowPOST, the workflow runs and writes the completed run to the DB.
2. The test's vi.waitFor poll sees status === 'completed'.
3. The test fetches the flow invocation count.
4. The counter increment in the handler hadn't run yet → count returns 0 instead of 1.

Locally the race rarely loses (the cloned-body read is fast) but on slower CI runners it loses often enough to be visible across many PRs.

Fix

Increment the counter before awaiting flowPOST so the count is observable as soon as the run transitions to completed. Same logic, just reordered.

Test plan

• Re-ran packages/world-testing/test/embedded.test.ts locally — all 9 tests pass, including the four inline-execution.mts cases that drive the counter.
• Could not reproduce the race locally (Docker on this box is broken so postgres test was skipped), but the fix removes the only await between request entry and counter increment, so there is no longer a window where the run can be flushed to the DB before the counter is bumped.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: c11f633

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-testing	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 20, 2026 10:38pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1198	2	219	1419
✅ 💻 Local Development	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 📦 Local Production	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1587	0	219	1806
✅ 🪟 Windows	129	0	0	129
❌ 📋 Other	726	1	176	903
Total	6814	3	1052	7869

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

astro (2 failed):

• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions | wrun_01KS3RNPMVVB6C8PR0168PSSWT | 🔍 observability
• AbortController abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step

📋 Other (1 failed)

e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start (1 failed):

• distributedAbortController - manual abort triggers signal | wrun_01KS3S811F65HFD53TRWAE1NP6

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
❌ astro	101	2	26
✅ example	103	0	26
✅ express	103	0	26
✅ fastify	103	0	26
✅ hono	103	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	127	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	127	0	2
✅ nitro	103	0	26
✅ nuxt	103	0	26
✅ sveltekit	122	0	7
✅ vite	103	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	104	0	25
✅ express-stable	104	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	104	0	25
✅ hono-stable	104	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	110	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	129	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	129	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	104	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	104	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	123	0	6
✅ vite-stable	104	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	0

❌ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	104	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	104	0	25
❌ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	102	1	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.029s (-34.5% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.030s (-31.3% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.958s	10	1.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.049s (-16.2% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.963s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.061s (-36.2% 🟢)	1.013s (-2.8%)	0.953s	10	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.067s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.005s (~)	0.939s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.072s (-5.2% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.084s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.926s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.103s (-3.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.908s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.005s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.384s (-4.9%)	11.021s (~)	0.636s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.401s (-5.1% 🟢)	11.014s (~)	0.613s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.408s (-4.9%)	11.023s (~)	0.615s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.513s (-3.3%)	11.017s (~)	0.503s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.654s	11.022s	0.368s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.401s (-10.5% 🟢)	14.026s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.626s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.406s (-8.1% 🟢)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.610s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.447s (-10.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.581s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.729s (-5.9% 🟢)	14.023s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.293s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.118s	14.828s	0.710s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	11.822s (-28.8% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.200s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	11.872s (-29.3% 🟢)	12.024s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.151s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.892s (-15.1% 🟢)	12.017s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.125s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.598s (-9.8% 🟢)	13.025s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.427s	7	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.002s	13.309s	0.308s	7	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.135s (-9.9% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.872s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (-21.9% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.843s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.170s (-28.3% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.836s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.197s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.814s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.254s	2.006s	0.751s	15	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (-49.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.819s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.253s (-46.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.757s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	1.652s (-44.1% 🟢)	2.005s (-41.9% 🟢)	0.354s	15	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.682s	2.006s	0.324s	15	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.683s (-46.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.322s	15	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.304s (-62.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.703s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.390s (-60.1% 🟢)	2.010s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.620s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.483s (-46.3% 🟢)	5.012s (-44.4% 🟢)	0.529s	6	3.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.632s (-44.5% 🟢)	5.178s (-42.6% 🟢)	0.546s	6	3.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.684s	5.179s	0.495s	6	3.59x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.139s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.869s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.211s (-3.7%)	2.011s (~)	0.800s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s	2.006s	0.689s	15	1.16x
💻 Local	Express	1.364s (-28.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.642s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.372s (-26.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.634s	15	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.195s (-49.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.274s (-45.5% 🟢)	2.013s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.738s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.833s (-41.5% 🟢)	2.222s (-41.0% 🟢)	0.389s	14	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.916s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.316s (-40.4% 🟢)	0.400s	13	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.927s	2.393s	0.466s	13	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.290s (-63.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.718s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.430s (-58.9% 🟢)	2.014s (-49.8% 🟢)	0.584s	15	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	4.559s (-48.2% 🟢)	5.346s (-42.3% 🟢)	0.787s	6	3.53x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.916s	5.352s	0.436s	6	3.81x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.467s (-40.2% 🟢)	6.013s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.547s	5	4.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.435s (-48.2% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.7%)	0.572s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.454s (-53.7% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.549s	60	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	0.468s (-52.4% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.535s	60	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.568s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.441s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.720s	1.004s	0.284s	60	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.004s (-49.2% 🟢)	1.292s (-42.8% 🟢)	0.288s	70	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.152s (-61.8% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.854s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.162s (-61.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.844s	45	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.385s (-28.1% 🟢)	2.033s (-3.2%)	0.648s	45	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.807s	2.051s	0.244s	44	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.965s (-50.8% 🟢)	2.334s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.369s	52	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.560s (-37.6% 🟢)	3.035s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.475s	40	1.30x
💻 Local	Express	2.619s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.007s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.388s	40	1.33x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.637s (-71.6% 🟢)	3.008s (-70.0% 🟢)	0.370s	40	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.859s	4.074s	0.216s	30	1.96x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.186s (-34.0% 🟢)	1.022s (+1.5%)	0.836s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.218s (-23.1% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.789s	60	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.375s (-33.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.629s	60	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.387s (-36.0% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.617s	60	2.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.536s	1.004s	0.468s	60	2.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.277s (-45.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.729s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.356s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.652s	90	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	2.068s (-17.7% 🟢)	2.580s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.512s	35	7.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.099s (-17.3% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.556s	34	7.58x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	2.976s	0.641s	31	8.43x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.603s (-26.4% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.403s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.723s (-8.6% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.285s	120	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	9.546s (-14.7% 🟢)	10.111s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.565s	12	15.84x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.729s (-13.1% 🟢)	10.444s (-10.5% 🟢)	0.715s	12	16.14x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s	11.575s	0.705s	11	18.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.127s (+466.0% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-17.4% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.890s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.131s (+451.7% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-37.5% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.143s (+434.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.875s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.173s (+472.0% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.9% 🔺)	0.002s (+20.0% 🔺)	2.013s (+99.1% 🔺)	0.841s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.174s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.843s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.498s (+137.7% 🔺)	1.999s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.004s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.023s (+97.8% 🔺)	0.526s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.669s	2.009s	0.011s	2.022s	0.354s	30	1.11x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.691s (+101.6% 🔺)	2.010s (+98.6% 🔺)	0.009s (-1.3%)	2.200s (+97.2% 🔺)	0.509s	28	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.701s (+172.5% 🔺)	2.008s (+99.5% 🔺)	0.005s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.032s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.331s	30	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (+152.2% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.4% 🔺)	0.009s (-0.6%)	2.423s (+133.0% 🔺)	0.514s	25	1.27x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.662s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.048s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.059s (-18.9% 🟢)	0.397s	57	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.795s (-17.9% 🟢)	1.049s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+71.4% 🔺)	1.082s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.287s	56	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.321s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (-60.0% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.696s	30	2.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.343s (+9.9% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+200.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.674s	30	2.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.480s	2.014s	0.000s	2.017s	0.537s	30	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.258s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.898s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.931s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.673s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.634s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.263s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.309s (+6.2% 🔺)	0.675s	26	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.815s	3.293s	0.001s	3.298s	0.483s	19	2.24x
💻 Local	Express	3.025s (-12.8% 🟢)	3.556s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-55.9% 🟢)	3.562s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.536s	17	2.41x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.082s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.778s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-18.0% 🟢)	3.782s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.700s	16	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	21/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	21/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	11/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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📋 View full workflow run

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❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Fixes a race in @workflow/world-testing’s inline-execution test server where the per-run flow invocation counter could be incremented after the workflow completion became observable, causing flaky assertions in CI.

Changes:

• Reorders the flow handler to increment the per-run invocation counter before awaiting/returning flowPOST.
• Adds an explanatory comment documenting the race and why the ordering matters.
• Adds a changeset bumping @workflow/world-testing with a patch release note.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
packages/world-testing/src/server.mts	Moves flow invocation counting ahead of the flow handler execution to eliminate the observed flake window.
.changeset/fix-inline-execution-flow-count-race.md	Adds a patch changeset describing the test-flake fix for @workflow/world-testing.

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