[ai] Drop orphan UI chunks after negative-index reconnect

[VaguelySerious]

Closes#1835 by ensuring WorkflowChatTransport never fails when using startIndex between chunk boundaries, and adds an example code snippet for how to do server-side rewinds.

Issue: When WorkflowChatTransport resumes with a negative initialStartIndex, the resolved chunk index can land in the middle of an open text-* / reasoning-* / tool-input-* part. AI SDK's client enforces the *-start → *-delta → *-end grammar and throws on the orphan delta — breaking the chat.

This PR adds a one-pass filter on the resumed stream that drops chunks referencing a part whose start chunk wasn't in the resumed window, and emits a one-time warning pointing at docs on server-side rewinding. The filter only activates for negative startIndex — for non-negative values the caller is explicit and we trust them.

Also see fix for WorkflowAgent in vercel/ai#15543, which should be updated once this merges

[vercel]

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
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workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
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[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48d5a12

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

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@workflow/ai	Patch

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[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.042s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.049s (+1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.957s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (+0.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.065s (-1.2%)	1.011s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.067s (+2.5%)	1.012s (-0.5%)	0.945s	10	1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.233s (+1.6%)	1.835s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.602s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.300s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.318s (+16.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.615s (-29.8% 🟢)	2.630s (-1.9%)	2.016s	10	2.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.078s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.084s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.922s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.086s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.096s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.916s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.469s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.235s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.766s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.486s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.188s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.702s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+1.0%)	4.111s (+17.8% 🔺)	1.976s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.413s (-1.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.450s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.567s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.472s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.480s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.534s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.488s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.535s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.533s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.485s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.752s (-3.9%)	14.112s (+3.1%)	2.360s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.979s (-3.0%)	13.594s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.615s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.995s (-2.1%)	14.924s (-1.3%)	1.929s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.526s (-2.5%)	14.028s (~)	0.502s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.605s (-0.5%)	14.022s (~)	0.417s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.645s (~)	14.018s (~)	0.373s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.666s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.363s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.703s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.325s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.828s (+1.6%)	14.018s (~)	0.190s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.550s (-11.4% 🟢)	20.000s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.450s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.815s (+4.4%)	19.795s (+0.9%)	1.980s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.856s (-27.3% 🟢)	20.340s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.484s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.054s (-1.4%)	13.019s (~)	0.964s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.090s (-5.1% 🟢)	12.523s (-3.9%)	0.433s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.211s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.815s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.278s (~)	13.016s (~)	0.738s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.310s (+0.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.716s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.599s (+3.2%)	13.164s (+1.1%)	0.565s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.064s (-8.7% 🟢)	22.608s (-3.7%)	2.545s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.453s (+21.1% 🔺)	23.410s (+14.3% 🔺)	1.956s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.379s (+16.6% 🔺)	26.889s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.510s	4	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.172s (+0.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.196s (+0.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.151s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.797s	14	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.389s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.617s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.581s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (+3.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.416s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.026s (-4.9%)	1.610s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.648s (+31.1% 🔺)	4.447s (+22.1% 🔺)	1.799s	8	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.070s (+8.7% 🔺)	6.001s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.931s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.322s (~)	2.509s (-3.3%)	1.187s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.323s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	1.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.333s (-7.0% 🟢)	2.223s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.889s	14	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.419s (~)	3.009s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.589s	10	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	2.778s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.209s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.432s	10	2.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.958s (+14.7% 🔺)	3.762s (+25.0% 🔺)	0.803s	8	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.695s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.732s (+16.3% 🔺)	2.037s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.347s (+36.8% 🔺)	5.479s (+49.3% 🔺)	2.132s	7	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.982s (+30.0% 🔺)	6.858s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.876s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.574s (+1.5%)	4.010s (~)	2.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.749s (+8.0% 🔺)	4.296s (+3.8%)	2.547s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.828s (+8.8% 🔺)	6.018s (~)	3.190s	5	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.339s (-22.7% 🟢)	5.848s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.508s	6	3.39x
💻 Local	Express	6.150s (+2.1%)	6.817s (+3.0%)	0.666s	5	3.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.213s (+3.5%)	8.269s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.055s	4	4.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.898s (+23.4% 🔺)	6.030s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.132s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.015s (+59.1% 🔺)	7.010s (+39.3% 🔺)	1.995s	5	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.124s (+3.3%)	7.678s (+20.4% 🔺)	2.554s	4	1.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.171s (-1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.822s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.407s (-10.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.600s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.580s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.457s (-4.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.258s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.181s (+3.0%)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (-2.3%)	3.962s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.566s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.173s (+23.7% 🔺)	6.207s (+21.4% 🔺)	2.034s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.312s (+1.7%)	2.151s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.840s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s (~)	3.010s (~)	1.693s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.334s (+0.6%)	2.593s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.259s	12	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.512s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.496s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.649s (+3.1%)	3.310s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.661s	10	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.814s (+4.1%)	3.456s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.642s	9	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.806s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.407s (-1.5%)	1.601s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.314s (+32.8% 🔺)	5.589s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.275s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.529s (+36.7% 🔺)	6.671s (+28.4% 🔺)	2.142s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.575s (+0.5%)	4.385s (+9.4% 🔺)	2.810s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.635s (+0.8%)	4.012s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.377s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.831s (-4.8%)	5.851s (-5.9% 🟢)	3.020s	6	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.645s (-27.9% 🟢)	6.418s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.773s	5	3.58x
💻 Local	Express	7.202s (+4.4%)	7.769s (+7.7% 🔺)	0.566s	4	4.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.192s (+67.7% 🔺)	10.021s (+66.6% 🔺)	0.829s	3	5.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.611s (-5.3% 🟢)	6.354s (+15.7% 🔺)	2.744s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.092s (+16.4% 🔺)	6.391s (+22.3% 🔺)	2.299s	5	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.429s (-1.2%)	7.688s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.259s	4	1.50x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.500s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.504s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.554s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.023s (-3.4%)	0.469s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.557s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.040s (+1.6%)	0.483s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.583s (~)	1.040s (+1.5%)	0.457s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+4.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.395s	60	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.645s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.377s	59	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.177s (+13.9% 🔺)	5.655s (+24.0% 🔺)	2.478s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.201s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.971s (+2.7%)	1.770s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.222s (+26.6% 🔺)	6.154s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.932s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (~)	2.030s (+1.1%)	0.781s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.251s (-30.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.755s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.330s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-2.2%)	0.678s	45	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.368s (+1.4%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.685s	44	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.560s (+4.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.447s	45	1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.522s (+14.2% 🔺)	9.382s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.860s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.724s (+32.6% 🔺)	10.883s (+33.9% 🔺)	2.159s	9	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.433s (+24.3% 🔺)	12.999s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.566s	8	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.482s (-3.4%)	3.033s (-4.2%)	0.551s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.526s (-4.0%)	3.033s (-0.8%)	0.507s	40	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (-1.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.416s	40	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.727s (-29.4% 🟢)	3.033s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.306s	40	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	3.276s (+1.6%)	4.010s (+0.8%)	0.734s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s (+1.7%)	4.010s (-0.8%)	0.678s	30	1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.666s (+18.7% 🔺)	17.735s (+18.8% 🔺)	2.068s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.072s (+24.3% 🔺)	18.878s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.806s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	23.811s (+35.0% 🔺)	25.911s (+34.6% 🔺)	2.100s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.833s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.209s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.798s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.209s (-2.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.797s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.424s (-27.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.580s	60	2.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.491s (+2.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.514s	60	2.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.640s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.365s	60	3.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.666s (+29.3% 🔺)	3.507s (+31.0% 🔺)	1.841s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.764s (+32.0% 🔺)	3.384s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.621s	19	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.638s (+27.7% 🔺)	4.467s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.829s	14	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.296s (+2.0%)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.733s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.313s (+2.5%)	1.040s (+2.2%)	0.728s	88	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.325s (~)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.681s	90	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.970s (-29.6% 🟢)	2.508s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.538s	36	6.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.169s (-3.9%)	2.853s (-3.1%)	0.684s	32	7.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.745s (-2.2%)	3.472s (+10.4% 🔺)	0.728s	26	9.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.938s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.681s (+20.2% 🔺)	1.742s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.352s (+46.4% 🔺)	4.307s (+38.5% 🔺)	1.955s	21	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.310s (-14.2% 🟢)	6.671s (~)	2.360s	14	2.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.519s (+0.6%)	1.068s (+0.9%)	0.549s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.520s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.078s (+0.8%)	0.558s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.034s (+0.8%)	2.469s	40	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.615s (-24.2% 🟢)	9.562s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.947s	13	16.60x
💻 Local	Express	10.097s (~)	11.210s (+0.8%)	1.113s	11	19.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s (-2.8%)	12.031s (+0.8%)	1.159s	11	20.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.142s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.489s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.347s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.476s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.579s (-4.6%)	2.103s	22	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.833s (+2.2%)	7.396s (+15.2% 🔺)	2.564s	17	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.004s (~)	0.009s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.885s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (+0.9%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.873s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.154s (~)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.160s (+1.8%)	1.991s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.850s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.162s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (-3.2%)	2.019s (~)	0.857s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.187s (+1.9%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+36.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.824s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.188s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.269s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.415s (+71.2% 🔺)	6.144s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.956s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.200s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.546s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.174s (-1.7%)	6.227s (+4.6%)	4.027s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.716s (+6.5% 🔺)	4.222s (+1.9%)	1.626s (+13.5% 🔺)	7.307s (+9.5% 🔺)	3.591s	10	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.513s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.512s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.531s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.495s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.554s (-0.9%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+2.0%)	2.025s (~)	0.471s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.571s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.014s (+26.2% 🔺)	2.029s (~)	0.459s	30	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.586s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.005s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.625s (+1.9%)	1.970s (~)	0.014s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.030s (~)	0.405s	30	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.660s (-8.5% 🟢)	8.200s (-2.2%)	0.275s (+57.4% 🔺)	9.021s (~)	2.361s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.016s (+22.5% 🔺)	8.005s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.305s (-31.5% 🟢)	9.036s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.019s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.422s (+7.1% 🔺)	11.210s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.231s (+12.2% 🔺)	12.696s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.274s	5	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.773s (-0.5%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.098s (~)	0.325s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.782s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.063s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+58.0% 🔺)	1.079s (+4.9%)	0.298s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.010s (-1.9%)	1.386s (-0.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.399s (~)	0.389s	44	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.140s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.861s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.864s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.724s	33	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	1.266s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.750s	30	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.456s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.978s (~)	0.001s (-26.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.561s	30	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.504s (-3.0%)	4.583s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-90.6% 🟢)	5.051s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.548s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.870s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.136s (-4.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.682s (-3.2%)	1.811s	11	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.764s (+3.7%)	6.273s (+1.3%)	0.000s (~)	7.609s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.844s	9	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.707s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.242s (+3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.267s (+2.9%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.850s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.379s (+1.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.407s (+2.2%)	0.557s	26	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.710s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.266s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.281s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.570s	19	1.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.925s (-28.4% 🟢)	3.469s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	3.474s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.549s	18	1.71x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.449s (-6.4% 🟢)	3.987s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	4.031s (~)	0.582s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.665s (-2.4%)	4.159s (-3.6%)	0.001s (+98.3% 🔺)	4.166s (-3.5%)	0.501s	15	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.567s (+3.4%)	6.993s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.429s (~)	1.862s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.843s (-6.8% 🟢)	7.305s (+1.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.811s (+2.1%)	1.968s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.197s (-15.3% 🟢)	8.538s (-3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	9.458s (-4.3%)	2.261s	7	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	21/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

I didn’t find a code-level blocker/regression in the transport change itself. The filter matches the AI SDK stream grammar, preserves self-contained tool-input-available / tool-input-error chunks, and keeps underlying chunk indexes correct while dropping orphan chunks.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2670. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Closes#1835 by ensuring WorkflowChatTransport never fails when using startIndex between chunk boundaries, and adds an example code snippet for how to do server-side rewinds.

Issue: When WorkflowChatTransport resumes with a negative initialStartIndex, the resolved chunk index can land in the middle of an open text-* / reasoning-* / tool-input-* part. AI SDK's client enforces the *-start → *-delta → *-end grammar and throws on the orphan delta — breaking the chat.

This PR adds a one-pass filter on the resumed stream that drops chunks referencing a part whose start chunk wasn't in the resumed window, and emits a one-time warning pointing at docs on server-side rewinding. The filter only activates for negative startIndex — for non-negative values the caller is explicit and we trust them.

Also see fix for WorkflowAgent in vercel/ai#15543, which should be updated once this merges

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48d5a12

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.042s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.049s (+1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.957s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (+0.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.065s (-1.2%)	1.011s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.067s (+2.5%)	1.012s (-0.5%)	0.945s	10	1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.233s (+1.6%)	1.835s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.602s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.300s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.318s (+16.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.615s (-29.8% 🟢)	2.630s (-1.9%)	2.016s	10	2.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.078s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.084s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.922s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.086s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.096s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.916s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.469s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.235s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.766s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.486s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.188s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.702s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+1.0%)	4.111s (+17.8% 🔺)	1.976s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.413s (-1.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.450s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.567s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.472s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.480s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.534s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.488s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.535s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.533s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.485s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.752s (-3.9%)	14.112s (+3.1%)	2.360s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.979s (-3.0%)	13.594s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.615s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.995s (-2.1%)	14.924s (-1.3%)	1.929s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.526s (-2.5%)	14.028s (~)	0.502s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.605s (-0.5%)	14.022s (~)	0.417s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.645s (~)	14.018s (~)	0.373s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.666s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.363s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.703s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.325s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.828s (+1.6%)	14.018s (~)	0.190s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.550s (-11.4% 🟢)	20.000s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.450s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.815s (+4.4%)	19.795s (+0.9%)	1.980s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.856s (-27.3% 🟢)	20.340s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.484s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.054s (-1.4%)	13.019s (~)	0.964s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.090s (-5.1% 🟢)	12.523s (-3.9%)	0.433s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.211s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.815s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.278s (~)	13.016s (~)	0.738s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.310s (+0.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.716s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.599s (+3.2%)	13.164s (+1.1%)	0.565s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.064s (-8.7% 🟢)	22.608s (-3.7%)	2.545s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.453s (+21.1% 🔺)	23.410s (+14.3% 🔺)	1.956s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.379s (+16.6% 🔺)	26.889s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.510s	4	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.172s (+0.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.196s (+0.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.151s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.797s	14	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.389s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.617s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.581s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (+3.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.416s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.026s (-4.9%)	1.610s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.648s (+31.1% 🔺)	4.447s (+22.1% 🔺)	1.799s	8	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.070s (+8.7% 🔺)	6.001s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.931s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.322s (~)	2.509s (-3.3%)	1.187s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.323s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	1.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.333s (-7.0% 🟢)	2.223s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.889s	14	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.419s (~)	3.009s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.589s	10	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	2.778s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.209s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.432s	10	2.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.958s (+14.7% 🔺)	3.762s (+25.0% 🔺)	0.803s	8	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.695s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.732s (+16.3% 🔺)	2.037s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.347s (+36.8% 🔺)	5.479s (+49.3% 🔺)	2.132s	7	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.982s (+30.0% 🔺)	6.858s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.876s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.574s (+1.5%)	4.010s (~)	2.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.749s (+8.0% 🔺)	4.296s (+3.8%)	2.547s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.828s (+8.8% 🔺)	6.018s (~)	3.190s	5	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.339s (-22.7% 🟢)	5.848s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.508s	6	3.39x
💻 Local	Express	6.150s (+2.1%)	6.817s (+3.0%)	0.666s	5	3.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.213s (+3.5%)	8.269s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.055s	4	4.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.898s (+23.4% 🔺)	6.030s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.132s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.015s (+59.1% 🔺)	7.010s (+39.3% 🔺)	1.995s	5	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.124s (+3.3%)	7.678s (+20.4% 🔺)	2.554s	4	1.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.171s (-1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.822s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.407s (-10.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.600s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.580s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.457s (-4.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.258s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.181s (+3.0%)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (-2.3%)	3.962s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.566s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.173s (+23.7% 🔺)	6.207s (+21.4% 🔺)	2.034s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.312s (+1.7%)	2.151s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.840s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s (~)	3.010s (~)	1.693s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.334s (+0.6%)	2.593s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.259s	12	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.512s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.496s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.649s (+3.1%)	3.310s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.661s	10	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.814s (+4.1%)	3.456s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.642s	9	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.806s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.407s (-1.5%)	1.601s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.314s (+32.8% 🔺)	5.589s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.275s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.529s (+36.7% 🔺)	6.671s (+28.4% 🔺)	2.142s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.575s (+0.5%)	4.385s (+9.4% 🔺)	2.810s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.635s (+0.8%)	4.012s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.377s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.831s (-4.8%)	5.851s (-5.9% 🟢)	3.020s	6	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.645s (-27.9% 🟢)	6.418s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.773s	5	3.58x
💻 Local	Express	7.202s (+4.4%)	7.769s (+7.7% 🔺)	0.566s	4	4.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.192s (+67.7% 🔺)	10.021s (+66.6% 🔺)	0.829s	3	5.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.611s (-5.3% 🟢)	6.354s (+15.7% 🔺)	2.744s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.092s (+16.4% 🔺)	6.391s (+22.3% 🔺)	2.299s	5	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.429s (-1.2%)	7.688s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.259s	4	1.50x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.500s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.504s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.554s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.023s (-3.4%)	0.469s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.557s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.040s (+1.6%)	0.483s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.583s (~)	1.040s (+1.5%)	0.457s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+4.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.395s	60	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.645s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.377s	59	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.177s (+13.9% 🔺)	5.655s (+24.0% 🔺)	2.478s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.201s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.971s (+2.7%)	1.770s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.222s (+26.6% 🔺)	6.154s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.932s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (~)	2.030s (+1.1%)	0.781s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.251s (-30.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.755s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.330s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-2.2%)	0.678s	45	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.368s (+1.4%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.685s	44	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.560s (+4.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.447s	45	1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.522s (+14.2% 🔺)	9.382s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.860s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.724s (+32.6% 🔺)	10.883s (+33.9% 🔺)	2.159s	9	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.433s (+24.3% 🔺)	12.999s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.566s	8	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.482s (-3.4%)	3.033s (-4.2%)	0.551s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.526s (-4.0%)	3.033s (-0.8%)	0.507s	40	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (-1.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.416s	40	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.727s (-29.4% 🟢)	3.033s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.306s	40	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	3.276s (+1.6%)	4.010s (+0.8%)	0.734s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s (+1.7%)	4.010s (-0.8%)	0.678s	30	1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.666s (+18.7% 🔺)	17.735s (+18.8% 🔺)	2.068s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.072s (+24.3% 🔺)	18.878s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.806s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	23.811s (+35.0% 🔺)	25.911s (+34.6% 🔺)	2.100s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.833s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.209s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.798s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.209s (-2.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.797s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.424s (-27.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.580s	60	2.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.491s (+2.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.514s	60	2.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.640s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.365s	60	3.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.666s (+29.3% 🔺)	3.507s (+31.0% 🔺)	1.841s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.764s (+32.0% 🔺)	3.384s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.621s	19	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.638s (+27.7% 🔺)	4.467s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.829s	14	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.296s (+2.0%)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.733s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.313s (+2.5%)	1.040s (+2.2%)	0.728s	88	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.325s (~)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.681s	90	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.970s (-29.6% 🟢)	2.508s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.538s	36	6.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.169s (-3.9%)	2.853s (-3.1%)	0.684s	32	7.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.745s (-2.2%)	3.472s (+10.4% 🔺)	0.728s	26	9.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.938s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.681s (+20.2% 🔺)	1.742s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.352s (+46.4% 🔺)	4.307s (+38.5% 🔺)	1.955s	21	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.310s (-14.2% 🟢)	6.671s (~)	2.360s	14	2.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.519s (+0.6%)	1.068s (+0.9%)	0.549s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.520s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.078s (+0.8%)	0.558s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.034s (+0.8%)	2.469s	40	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.615s (-24.2% 🟢)	9.562s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.947s	13	16.60x
💻 Local	Express	10.097s (~)	11.210s (+0.8%)	1.113s	11	19.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s (-2.8%)	12.031s (+0.8%)	1.159s	11	20.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.142s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.489s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.347s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.476s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.579s (-4.6%)	2.103s	22	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.833s (+2.2%)	7.396s (+15.2% 🔺)	2.564s	17	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.004s (~)	0.009s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.885s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (+0.9%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.873s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.154s (~)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.160s (+1.8%)	1.991s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.850s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.162s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (-3.2%)	2.019s (~)	0.857s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.187s (+1.9%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+36.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.824s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.188s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.269s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.415s (+71.2% 🔺)	6.144s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.956s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.200s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.546s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.174s (-1.7%)	6.227s (+4.6%)	4.027s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.716s (+6.5% 🔺)	4.222s (+1.9%)	1.626s (+13.5% 🔺)	7.307s (+9.5% 🔺)	3.591s	10	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.513s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.512s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.531s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.495s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.554s (-0.9%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+2.0%)	2.025s (~)	0.471s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.571s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.014s (+26.2% 🔺)	2.029s (~)	0.459s	30	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.586s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.005s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.625s (+1.9%)	1.970s (~)	0.014s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.030s (~)	0.405s	30	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.660s (-8.5% 🟢)	8.200s (-2.2%)	0.275s (+57.4% 🔺)	9.021s (~)	2.361s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.016s (+22.5% 🔺)	8.005s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.305s (-31.5% 🟢)	9.036s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.019s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.422s (+7.1% 🔺)	11.210s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.231s (+12.2% 🔺)	12.696s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.274s	5	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.773s (-0.5%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.098s (~)	0.325s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.782s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.063s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+58.0% 🔺)	1.079s (+4.9%)	0.298s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.010s (-1.9%)	1.386s (-0.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.399s (~)	0.389s	44	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.140s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.861s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.864s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.724s	33	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	1.266s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.750s	30	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.456s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.978s (~)	0.001s (-26.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.561s	30	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.504s (-3.0%)	4.583s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-90.6% 🟢)	5.051s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.548s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.870s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.136s (-4.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.682s (-3.2%)	1.811s	11	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.764s (+3.7%)	6.273s (+1.3%)	0.000s (~)	7.609s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.844s	9	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.707s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.242s (+3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.267s (+2.9%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.850s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.379s (+1.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.407s (+2.2%)	0.557s	26	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.710s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.266s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.281s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.570s	19	1.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.925s (-28.4% 🟢)	3.469s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	3.474s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.549s	18	1.71x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.449s (-6.4% 🟢)	3.987s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	4.031s (~)	0.582s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.665s (-2.4%)	4.159s (-3.6%)	0.001s (+98.3% 🔺)	4.166s (-3.5%)	0.501s	15	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.567s (+3.4%)	6.993s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.429s (~)	1.862s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.843s (-6.8% 🟢)	7.305s (+1.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.811s (+2.1%)	1.968s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.197s (-15.3% 🟢)	8.538s (-3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	9.458s (-4.3%)	2.261s	7	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	21/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

I didn’t find a code-level blocker/regression in the transport change itself. The filter matches the AI SDK stream grammar, preserves self-contained tool-input-available / tool-input-error chunks, and keeps underlying chunk indexes correct while dropping orphan chunks.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2670. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Closes#1835 by ensuring WorkflowChatTransport never fails when using startIndex between chunk boundaries, and adds an example code snippet for how to do server-side rewinds.

Issue: When WorkflowChatTransport resumes with a negative initialStartIndex, the resolved chunk index can land in the middle of an open text-* / reasoning-* / tool-input-* part. AI SDK's client enforces the *-start → *-delta → *-end grammar and throws on the orphan delta — breaking the chat.

This PR adds a one-pass filter on the resumed stream that drops chunks referencing a part whose start chunk wasn't in the resumed window, and emits a one-time warning pointing at docs on server-side rewinding. The filter only activates for negative startIndex — for non-negative values the caller is explicit and we trust them.

Also see fix for WorkflowAgent in vercel/ai#15543, which should be updated once this merges

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48d5a12

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.042s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.049s (+1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.957s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (+0.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.065s (-1.2%)	1.011s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.067s (+2.5%)	1.012s (-0.5%)	0.945s	10	1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.233s (+1.6%)	1.835s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.602s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.300s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.318s (+16.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.615s (-29.8% 🟢)	2.630s (-1.9%)	2.016s	10	2.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.078s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.084s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.922s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.086s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.096s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.916s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.469s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.235s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.766s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.486s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.188s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.702s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+1.0%)	4.111s (+17.8% 🔺)	1.976s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.413s (-1.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.450s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.567s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.472s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.480s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.534s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.488s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.535s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.533s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.485s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.752s (-3.9%)	14.112s (+3.1%)	2.360s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.979s (-3.0%)	13.594s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.615s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.995s (-2.1%)	14.924s (-1.3%)	1.929s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.526s (-2.5%)	14.028s (~)	0.502s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.605s (-0.5%)	14.022s (~)	0.417s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.645s (~)	14.018s (~)	0.373s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.666s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.363s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.703s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.325s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.828s (+1.6%)	14.018s (~)	0.190s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.550s (-11.4% 🟢)	20.000s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.450s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.815s (+4.4%)	19.795s (+0.9%)	1.980s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.856s (-27.3% 🟢)	20.340s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.484s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.054s (-1.4%)	13.019s (~)	0.964s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.090s (-5.1% 🟢)	12.523s (-3.9%)	0.433s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.211s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.815s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.278s (~)	13.016s (~)	0.738s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.310s (+0.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.716s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.599s (+3.2%)	13.164s (+1.1%)	0.565s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.064s (-8.7% 🟢)	22.608s (-3.7%)	2.545s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.453s (+21.1% 🔺)	23.410s (+14.3% 🔺)	1.956s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.379s (+16.6% 🔺)	26.889s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.510s	4	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.172s (+0.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.196s (+0.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.151s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.797s	14	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.389s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.617s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.581s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (+3.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.416s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.026s (-4.9%)	1.610s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.648s (+31.1% 🔺)	4.447s (+22.1% 🔺)	1.799s	8	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.070s (+8.7% 🔺)	6.001s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.931s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.322s (~)	2.509s (-3.3%)	1.187s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.323s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	1.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.333s (-7.0% 🟢)	2.223s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.889s	14	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.419s (~)	3.009s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.589s	10	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	2.778s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.209s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.432s	10	2.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.958s (+14.7% 🔺)	3.762s (+25.0% 🔺)	0.803s	8	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.695s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.732s (+16.3% 🔺)	2.037s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.347s (+36.8% 🔺)	5.479s (+49.3% 🔺)	2.132s	7	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.982s (+30.0% 🔺)	6.858s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.876s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.574s (+1.5%)	4.010s (~)	2.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.749s (+8.0% 🔺)	4.296s (+3.8%)	2.547s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.828s (+8.8% 🔺)	6.018s (~)	3.190s	5	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.339s (-22.7% 🟢)	5.848s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.508s	6	3.39x
💻 Local	Express	6.150s (+2.1%)	6.817s (+3.0%)	0.666s	5	3.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.213s (+3.5%)	8.269s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.055s	4	4.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.898s (+23.4% 🔺)	6.030s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.132s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.015s (+59.1% 🔺)	7.010s (+39.3% 🔺)	1.995s	5	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.124s (+3.3%)	7.678s (+20.4% 🔺)	2.554s	4	1.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.171s (-1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.822s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.407s (-10.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.600s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.580s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.457s (-4.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.258s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.181s (+3.0%)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (-2.3%)	3.962s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.566s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.173s (+23.7% 🔺)	6.207s (+21.4% 🔺)	2.034s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.312s (+1.7%)	2.151s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.840s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s (~)	3.010s (~)	1.693s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.334s (+0.6%)	2.593s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.259s	12	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.512s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.496s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.649s (+3.1%)	3.310s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.661s	10	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.814s (+4.1%)	3.456s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.642s	9	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.806s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.407s (-1.5%)	1.601s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.314s (+32.8% 🔺)	5.589s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.275s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.529s (+36.7% 🔺)	6.671s (+28.4% 🔺)	2.142s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.575s (+0.5%)	4.385s (+9.4% 🔺)	2.810s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.635s (+0.8%)	4.012s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.377s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.831s (-4.8%)	5.851s (-5.9% 🟢)	3.020s	6	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.645s (-27.9% 🟢)	6.418s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.773s	5	3.58x
💻 Local	Express	7.202s (+4.4%)	7.769s (+7.7% 🔺)	0.566s	4	4.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.192s (+67.7% 🔺)	10.021s (+66.6% 🔺)	0.829s	3	5.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.611s (-5.3% 🟢)	6.354s (+15.7% 🔺)	2.744s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.092s (+16.4% 🔺)	6.391s (+22.3% 🔺)	2.299s	5	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.429s (-1.2%)	7.688s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.259s	4	1.50x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.500s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.504s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.554s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.023s (-3.4%)	0.469s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.557s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.040s (+1.6%)	0.483s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.583s (~)	1.040s (+1.5%)	0.457s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+4.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.395s	60	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.645s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.377s	59	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.177s (+13.9% 🔺)	5.655s (+24.0% 🔺)	2.478s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.201s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.971s (+2.7%)	1.770s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.222s (+26.6% 🔺)	6.154s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.932s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (~)	2.030s (+1.1%)	0.781s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.251s (-30.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.755s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.330s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-2.2%)	0.678s	45	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.368s (+1.4%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.685s	44	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.560s (+4.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.447s	45	1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.522s (+14.2% 🔺)	9.382s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.860s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.724s (+32.6% 🔺)	10.883s (+33.9% 🔺)	2.159s	9	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.433s (+24.3% 🔺)	12.999s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.566s	8	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.482s (-3.4%)	3.033s (-4.2%)	0.551s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.526s (-4.0%)	3.033s (-0.8%)	0.507s	40	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (-1.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.416s	40	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.727s (-29.4% 🟢)	3.033s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.306s	40	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	3.276s (+1.6%)	4.010s (+0.8%)	0.734s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s (+1.7%)	4.010s (-0.8%)	0.678s	30	1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.666s (+18.7% 🔺)	17.735s (+18.8% 🔺)	2.068s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.072s (+24.3% 🔺)	18.878s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.806s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	23.811s (+35.0% 🔺)	25.911s (+34.6% 🔺)	2.100s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.833s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.209s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.798s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.209s (-2.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.797s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.424s (-27.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.580s	60	2.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.491s (+2.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.514s	60	2.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.640s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.365s	60	3.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.666s (+29.3% 🔺)	3.507s (+31.0% 🔺)	1.841s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.764s (+32.0% 🔺)	3.384s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.621s	19	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.638s (+27.7% 🔺)	4.467s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.829s	14	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.296s (+2.0%)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.733s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.313s (+2.5%)	1.040s (+2.2%)	0.728s	88	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.325s (~)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.681s	90	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.970s (-29.6% 🟢)	2.508s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.538s	36	6.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.169s (-3.9%)	2.853s (-3.1%)	0.684s	32	7.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.745s (-2.2%)	3.472s (+10.4% 🔺)	0.728s	26	9.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.938s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.681s (+20.2% 🔺)	1.742s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.352s (+46.4% 🔺)	4.307s (+38.5% 🔺)	1.955s	21	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.310s (-14.2% 🟢)	6.671s (~)	2.360s	14	2.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.519s (+0.6%)	1.068s (+0.9%)	0.549s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.520s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.078s (+0.8%)	0.558s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.034s (+0.8%)	2.469s	40	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.615s (-24.2% 🟢)	9.562s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.947s	13	16.60x
💻 Local	Express	10.097s (~)	11.210s (+0.8%)	1.113s	11	19.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s (-2.8%)	12.031s (+0.8%)	1.159s	11	20.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.142s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.489s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.347s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.476s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.579s (-4.6%)	2.103s	22	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.833s (+2.2%)	7.396s (+15.2% 🔺)	2.564s	17	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.004s (~)	0.009s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.885s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (+0.9%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.873s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.154s (~)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.160s (+1.8%)	1.991s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.850s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.162s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (-3.2%)	2.019s (~)	0.857s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.187s (+1.9%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+36.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.824s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.188s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.269s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.415s (+71.2% 🔺)	6.144s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.956s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.200s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.546s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.174s (-1.7%)	6.227s (+4.6%)	4.027s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.716s (+6.5% 🔺)	4.222s (+1.9%)	1.626s (+13.5% 🔺)	7.307s (+9.5% 🔺)	3.591s	10	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.513s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.512s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.531s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.495s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.554s (-0.9%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+2.0%)	2.025s (~)	0.471s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.571s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.014s (+26.2% 🔺)	2.029s (~)	0.459s	30	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.586s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.005s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.625s (+1.9%)	1.970s (~)	0.014s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.030s (~)	0.405s	30	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.660s (-8.5% 🟢)	8.200s (-2.2%)	0.275s (+57.4% 🔺)	9.021s (~)	2.361s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.016s (+22.5% 🔺)	8.005s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.305s (-31.5% 🟢)	9.036s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.019s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.422s (+7.1% 🔺)	11.210s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.231s (+12.2% 🔺)	12.696s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.274s	5	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.773s (-0.5%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.098s (~)	0.325s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.782s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.063s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+58.0% 🔺)	1.079s (+4.9%)	0.298s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.010s (-1.9%)	1.386s (-0.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.399s (~)	0.389s	44	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.140s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.861s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.864s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.724s	33	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	1.266s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.750s	30	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.456s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.978s (~)	0.001s (-26.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.561s	30	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.504s (-3.0%)	4.583s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-90.6% 🟢)	5.051s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.548s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.870s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.136s (-4.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.682s (-3.2%)	1.811s	11	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.764s (+3.7%)	6.273s (+1.3%)	0.000s (~)	7.609s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.844s	9	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.707s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.242s (+3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.267s (+2.9%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.850s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.379s (+1.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.407s (+2.2%)	0.557s	26	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.710s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.266s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.281s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.570s	19	1.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.925s (-28.4% 🟢)	3.469s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	3.474s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.549s	18	1.71x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.449s (-6.4% 🟢)	3.987s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	4.031s (~)	0.582s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.665s (-2.4%)	4.159s (-3.6%)	0.001s (+98.3% 🔺)	4.166s (-3.5%)	0.501s	15	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.567s (+3.4%)	6.993s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.429s (~)	1.862s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.843s (-6.8% 🟢)	7.305s (+1.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.811s (+2.1%)	1.968s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.197s (-15.3% 🟢)	8.538s (-3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	9.458s (-4.3%)	2.261s	7	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	21/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

I didn’t find a code-level blocker/regression in the transport change itself. The filter matches the AI SDK stream grammar, preserves self-contained tool-input-available / tool-input-error chunks, and keeps underlying chunk indexes correct while dropping orphan chunks.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2670. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Closes#1835 by ensuring WorkflowChatTransport never fails when using startIndex between chunk boundaries, and adds an example code snippet for how to do server-side rewinds.

Issue: When WorkflowChatTransport resumes with a negative initialStartIndex, the resolved chunk index can land in the middle of an open text-* / reasoning-* / tool-input-* part. AI SDK's client enforces the *-start → *-delta → *-end grammar and throws on the orphan delta — breaking the chat.

This PR adds a one-pass filter on the resumed stream that drops chunks referencing a part whose start chunk wasn't in the resumed window, and emits a one-time warning pointing at docs on server-side rewinding. The filter only activates for negative startIndex — for non-negative values the caller is explicit and we trust them.

Also see fix for WorkflowAgent in vercel/ai#15543, which should be updated once this merges

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48d5a12

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.042s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.049s (+1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.957s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (+0.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.065s (-1.2%)	1.011s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.067s (+2.5%)	1.012s (-0.5%)	0.945s	10	1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.233s (+1.6%)	1.835s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.602s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.300s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.318s (+16.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.615s (-29.8% 🟢)	2.630s (-1.9%)	2.016s	10	2.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.078s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.084s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.922s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.086s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.096s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.916s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.469s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.235s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.766s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.486s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.188s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.702s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+1.0%)	4.111s (+17.8% 🔺)	1.976s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.413s (-1.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.450s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.567s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.472s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.480s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.534s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.488s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.535s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.533s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.485s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.752s (-3.9%)	14.112s (+3.1%)	2.360s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.979s (-3.0%)	13.594s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.615s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.995s (-2.1%)	14.924s (-1.3%)	1.929s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.526s (-2.5%)	14.028s (~)	0.502s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.605s (-0.5%)	14.022s (~)	0.417s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.645s (~)	14.018s (~)	0.373s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.666s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.363s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.703s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.325s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.828s (+1.6%)	14.018s (~)	0.190s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.550s (-11.4% 🟢)	20.000s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.450s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.815s (+4.4%)	19.795s (+0.9%)	1.980s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.856s (-27.3% 🟢)	20.340s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.484s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.054s (-1.4%)	13.019s (~)	0.964s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.090s (-5.1% 🟢)	12.523s (-3.9%)	0.433s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.211s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.815s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.278s (~)	13.016s (~)	0.738s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.310s (+0.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.716s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.599s (+3.2%)	13.164s (+1.1%)	0.565s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.064s (-8.7% 🟢)	22.608s (-3.7%)	2.545s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.453s (+21.1% 🔺)	23.410s (+14.3% 🔺)	1.956s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.379s (+16.6% 🔺)	26.889s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.510s	4	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.172s (+0.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.196s (+0.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.151s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.797s	14	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.389s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.617s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.581s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (+3.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.416s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.026s (-4.9%)	1.610s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.648s (+31.1% 🔺)	4.447s (+22.1% 🔺)	1.799s	8	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.070s (+8.7% 🔺)	6.001s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.931s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.322s (~)	2.509s (-3.3%)	1.187s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.323s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	1.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.333s (-7.0% 🟢)	2.223s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.889s	14	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.419s (~)	3.009s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.589s	10	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	2.778s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.209s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.432s	10	2.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.958s (+14.7% 🔺)	3.762s (+25.0% 🔺)	0.803s	8	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.695s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.732s (+16.3% 🔺)	2.037s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.347s (+36.8% 🔺)	5.479s (+49.3% 🔺)	2.132s	7	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.982s (+30.0% 🔺)	6.858s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.876s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.574s (+1.5%)	4.010s (~)	2.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.749s (+8.0% 🔺)	4.296s (+3.8%)	2.547s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.828s (+8.8% 🔺)	6.018s (~)	3.190s	5	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.339s (-22.7% 🟢)	5.848s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.508s	6	3.39x
💻 Local	Express	6.150s (+2.1%)	6.817s (+3.0%)	0.666s	5	3.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.213s (+3.5%)	8.269s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.055s	4	4.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.898s (+23.4% 🔺)	6.030s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.132s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.015s (+59.1% 🔺)	7.010s (+39.3% 🔺)	1.995s	5	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.124s (+3.3%)	7.678s (+20.4% 🔺)	2.554s	4	1.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.171s (-1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.822s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.407s (-10.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.600s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.580s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.457s (-4.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.258s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.181s (+3.0%)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (-2.3%)	3.962s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.566s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.173s (+23.7% 🔺)	6.207s (+21.4% 🔺)	2.034s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.312s (+1.7%)	2.151s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.840s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s (~)	3.010s (~)	1.693s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.334s (+0.6%)	2.593s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.259s	12	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.512s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.496s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.649s (+3.1%)	3.310s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.661s	10	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.814s (+4.1%)	3.456s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.642s	9	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.806s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.407s (-1.5%)	1.601s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.314s (+32.8% 🔺)	5.589s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.275s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.529s (+36.7% 🔺)	6.671s (+28.4% 🔺)	2.142s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.575s (+0.5%)	4.385s (+9.4% 🔺)	2.810s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.635s (+0.8%)	4.012s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.377s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.831s (-4.8%)	5.851s (-5.9% 🟢)	3.020s	6	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.645s (-27.9% 🟢)	6.418s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.773s	5	3.58x
💻 Local	Express	7.202s (+4.4%)	7.769s (+7.7% 🔺)	0.566s	4	4.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.192s (+67.7% 🔺)	10.021s (+66.6% 🔺)	0.829s	3	5.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.611s (-5.3% 🟢)	6.354s (+15.7% 🔺)	2.744s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.092s (+16.4% 🔺)	6.391s (+22.3% 🔺)	2.299s	5	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.429s (-1.2%)	7.688s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.259s	4	1.50x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.500s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.504s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.554s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.023s (-3.4%)	0.469s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.557s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.040s (+1.6%)	0.483s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.583s (~)	1.040s (+1.5%)	0.457s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+4.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.395s	60	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.645s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.377s	59	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.177s (+13.9% 🔺)	5.655s (+24.0% 🔺)	2.478s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.201s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.971s (+2.7%)	1.770s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.222s (+26.6% 🔺)	6.154s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.932s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (~)	2.030s (+1.1%)	0.781s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.251s (-30.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.755s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.330s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-2.2%)	0.678s	45	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.368s (+1.4%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.685s	44	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.560s (+4.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.447s	45	1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.522s (+14.2% 🔺)	9.382s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.860s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.724s (+32.6% 🔺)	10.883s (+33.9% 🔺)	2.159s	9	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.433s (+24.3% 🔺)	12.999s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.566s	8	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.482s (-3.4%)	3.033s (-4.2%)	0.551s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.526s (-4.0%)	3.033s (-0.8%)	0.507s	40	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (-1.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.416s	40	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.727s (-29.4% 🟢)	3.033s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.306s	40	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	3.276s (+1.6%)	4.010s (+0.8%)	0.734s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s (+1.7%)	4.010s (-0.8%)	0.678s	30	1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.666s (+18.7% 🔺)	17.735s (+18.8% 🔺)	2.068s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.072s (+24.3% 🔺)	18.878s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.806s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	23.811s (+35.0% 🔺)	25.911s (+34.6% 🔺)	2.100s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.833s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.209s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.798s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.209s (-2.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.797s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.424s (-27.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.580s	60	2.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.491s (+2.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.514s	60	2.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.640s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.365s	60	3.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.666s (+29.3% 🔺)	3.507s (+31.0% 🔺)	1.841s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.764s (+32.0% 🔺)	3.384s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.621s	19	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.638s (+27.7% 🔺)	4.467s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.829s	14	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.296s (+2.0%)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.733s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.313s (+2.5%)	1.040s (+2.2%)	0.728s	88	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.325s (~)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.681s	90	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.970s (-29.6% 🟢)	2.508s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.538s	36	6.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.169s (-3.9%)	2.853s (-3.1%)	0.684s	32	7.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.745s (-2.2%)	3.472s (+10.4% 🔺)	0.728s	26	9.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.938s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.681s (+20.2% 🔺)	1.742s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.352s (+46.4% 🔺)	4.307s (+38.5% 🔺)	1.955s	21	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.310s (-14.2% 🟢)	6.671s (~)	2.360s	14	2.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.519s (+0.6%)	1.068s (+0.9%)	0.549s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.520s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.078s (+0.8%)	0.558s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.034s (+0.8%)	2.469s	40	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.615s (-24.2% 🟢)	9.562s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.947s	13	16.60x
💻 Local	Express	10.097s (~)	11.210s (+0.8%)	1.113s	11	19.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s (-2.8%)	12.031s (+0.8%)	1.159s	11	20.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.142s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.489s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.347s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.476s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.579s (-4.6%)	2.103s	22	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.833s (+2.2%)	7.396s (+15.2% 🔺)	2.564s	17	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.004s (~)	0.009s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.885s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (+0.9%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.873s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.154s (~)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.160s (+1.8%)	1.991s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.850s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.162s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (-3.2%)	2.019s (~)	0.857s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.187s (+1.9%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+36.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.824s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.188s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.269s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.415s (+71.2% 🔺)	6.144s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.956s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.200s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.546s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.174s (-1.7%)	6.227s (+4.6%)	4.027s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.716s (+6.5% 🔺)	4.222s (+1.9%)	1.626s (+13.5% 🔺)	7.307s (+9.5% 🔺)	3.591s	10	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.513s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.512s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.531s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.495s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.554s (-0.9%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+2.0%)	2.025s (~)	0.471s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.571s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.014s (+26.2% 🔺)	2.029s (~)	0.459s	30	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.586s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.005s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.625s (+1.9%)	1.970s (~)	0.014s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.030s (~)	0.405s	30	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.660s (-8.5% 🟢)	8.200s (-2.2%)	0.275s (+57.4% 🔺)	9.021s (~)	2.361s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.016s (+22.5% 🔺)	8.005s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.305s (-31.5% 🟢)	9.036s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.019s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.422s (+7.1% 🔺)	11.210s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.231s (+12.2% 🔺)	12.696s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.274s	5	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.773s (-0.5%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.098s (~)	0.325s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.782s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.063s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+58.0% 🔺)	1.079s (+4.9%)	0.298s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.010s (-1.9%)	1.386s (-0.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.399s (~)	0.389s	44	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.140s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.861s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.864s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.724s	33	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	1.266s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.750s	30	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.456s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.978s (~)	0.001s (-26.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.561s	30	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.504s (-3.0%)	4.583s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-90.6% 🟢)	5.051s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.548s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.870s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.136s (-4.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.682s (-3.2%)	1.811s	11	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.764s (+3.7%)	6.273s (+1.3%)	0.000s (~)	7.609s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.844s	9	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.707s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.242s (+3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.267s (+2.9%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.850s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.379s (+1.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.407s (+2.2%)	0.557s	26	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.710s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.266s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.281s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.570s	19	1.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.925s (-28.4% 🟢)	3.469s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	3.474s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.549s	18	1.71x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.449s (-6.4% 🟢)	3.987s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	4.031s (~)	0.582s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.665s (-2.4%)	4.159s (-3.6%)	0.001s (+98.3% 🔺)	4.166s (-3.5%)	0.501s	15	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.567s (+3.4%)	6.993s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.429s (~)	1.862s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.843s (-6.8% 🟢)	7.305s (+1.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.811s (+2.1%)	1.968s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.197s (-15.3% 🟢)	8.538s (-3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	9.458s (-4.3%)	2.261s	7	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	21/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

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📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

I didn’t find a code-level blocker/regression in the transport change itself. The filter matches the AI SDK stream grammar, preserves self-contained tool-input-available / tool-input-error chunks, and keeps underlying chunk indexes correct while dropping orphan chunks.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2670. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Closes#1835 by ensuring WorkflowChatTransport never fails when using startIndex between chunk boundaries, and adds an example code snippet for how to do server-side rewinds.

Issue: When WorkflowChatTransport resumes with a negative initialStartIndex, the resolved chunk index can land in the middle of an open text-* / reasoning-* / tool-input-* part. AI SDK's client enforces the *-start → *-delta → *-end grammar and throws on the orphan delta — breaking the chat.

This PR adds a one-pass filter on the resumed stream that drops chunks referencing a part whose start chunk wasn't in the resumed window, and emits a one-time warning pointing at docs on server-side rewinding. The filter only activates for negative startIndex — for non-negative values the caller is explicit and we trust them.

Also see fix for WorkflowAgent in vercel/ai#15543, which should be updated once this merges

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48d5a12

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.042s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.049s (+1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.957s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (+0.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.065s (-1.2%)	1.011s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.067s (+2.5%)	1.012s (-0.5%)	0.945s	10	1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.233s (+1.6%)	1.835s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.602s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.300s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.318s (+16.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.615s (-29.8% 🟢)	2.630s (-1.9%)	2.016s	10	2.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.078s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.084s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.922s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.086s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.096s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.916s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.469s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.235s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.766s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.486s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.188s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.702s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+1.0%)	4.111s (+17.8% 🔺)	1.976s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.413s (-1.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.450s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.567s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.472s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.480s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.534s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.488s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.535s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.533s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.485s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.752s (-3.9%)	14.112s (+3.1%)	2.360s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.979s (-3.0%)	13.594s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.615s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.995s (-2.1%)	14.924s (-1.3%)	1.929s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.526s (-2.5%)	14.028s (~)	0.502s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.605s (-0.5%)	14.022s (~)	0.417s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.645s (~)	14.018s (~)	0.373s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.666s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.363s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.703s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.325s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.828s (+1.6%)	14.018s (~)	0.190s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.550s (-11.4% 🟢)	20.000s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.450s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.815s (+4.4%)	19.795s (+0.9%)	1.980s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.856s (-27.3% 🟢)	20.340s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.484s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.054s (-1.4%)	13.019s (~)	0.964s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.090s (-5.1% 🟢)	12.523s (-3.9%)	0.433s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.211s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.815s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.278s (~)	13.016s (~)	0.738s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.310s (+0.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.716s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.599s (+3.2%)	13.164s (+1.1%)	0.565s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.064s (-8.7% 🟢)	22.608s (-3.7%)	2.545s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.453s (+21.1% 🔺)	23.410s (+14.3% 🔺)	1.956s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.379s (+16.6% 🔺)	26.889s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.510s	4	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.172s (+0.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.196s (+0.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.151s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.797s	14	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.389s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.617s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.581s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (+3.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.416s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.026s (-4.9%)	1.610s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.648s (+31.1% 🔺)	4.447s (+22.1% 🔺)	1.799s	8	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.070s (+8.7% 🔺)	6.001s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.931s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.322s (~)	2.509s (-3.3%)	1.187s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.323s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	1.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.333s (-7.0% 🟢)	2.223s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.889s	14	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.419s (~)	3.009s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.589s	10	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	2.778s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.209s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.432s	10	2.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.958s (+14.7% 🔺)	3.762s (+25.0% 🔺)	0.803s	8	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.695s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.732s (+16.3% 🔺)	2.037s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.347s (+36.8% 🔺)	5.479s (+49.3% 🔺)	2.132s	7	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.982s (+30.0% 🔺)	6.858s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.876s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.574s (+1.5%)	4.010s (~)	2.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.749s (+8.0% 🔺)	4.296s (+3.8%)	2.547s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.828s (+8.8% 🔺)	6.018s (~)	3.190s	5	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.339s (-22.7% 🟢)	5.848s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.508s	6	3.39x
💻 Local	Express	6.150s (+2.1%)	6.817s (+3.0%)	0.666s	5	3.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.213s (+3.5%)	8.269s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.055s	4	4.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.898s (+23.4% 🔺)	6.030s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.132s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.015s (+59.1% 🔺)	7.010s (+39.3% 🔺)	1.995s	5	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.124s (+3.3%)	7.678s (+20.4% 🔺)	2.554s	4	1.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.171s (-1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.822s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.407s (-10.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.600s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.580s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.457s (-4.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.258s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.181s (+3.0%)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (-2.3%)	3.962s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.566s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.173s (+23.7% 🔺)	6.207s (+21.4% 🔺)	2.034s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.312s (+1.7%)	2.151s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.840s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s (~)	3.010s (~)	1.693s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.334s (+0.6%)	2.593s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.259s	12	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.512s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.496s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.649s (+3.1%)	3.310s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.661s	10	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.814s (+4.1%)	3.456s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.642s	9	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.806s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.407s (-1.5%)	1.601s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.314s (+32.8% 🔺)	5.589s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.275s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.529s (+36.7% 🔺)	6.671s (+28.4% 🔺)	2.142s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.575s (+0.5%)	4.385s (+9.4% 🔺)	2.810s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.635s (+0.8%)	4.012s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.377s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.831s (-4.8%)	5.851s (-5.9% 🟢)	3.020s	6	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.645s (-27.9% 🟢)	6.418s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.773s	5	3.58x
💻 Local	Express	7.202s (+4.4%)	7.769s (+7.7% 🔺)	0.566s	4	4.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.192s (+67.7% 🔺)	10.021s (+66.6% 🔺)	0.829s	3	5.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.611s (-5.3% 🟢)	6.354s (+15.7% 🔺)	2.744s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.092s (+16.4% 🔺)	6.391s (+22.3% 🔺)	2.299s	5	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.429s (-1.2%)	7.688s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.259s	4	1.50x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.500s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.504s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.554s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.023s (-3.4%)	0.469s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.557s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.040s (+1.6%)	0.483s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.583s (~)	1.040s (+1.5%)	0.457s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+4.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.395s	60	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.645s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.377s	59	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.177s (+13.9% 🔺)	5.655s (+24.0% 🔺)	2.478s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.201s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.971s (+2.7%)	1.770s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.222s (+26.6% 🔺)	6.154s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.932s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (~)	2.030s (+1.1%)	0.781s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.251s (-30.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.755s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.330s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-2.2%)	0.678s	45	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.368s (+1.4%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.685s	44	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.560s (+4.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.447s	45	1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.522s (+14.2% 🔺)	9.382s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.860s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.724s (+32.6% 🔺)	10.883s (+33.9% 🔺)	2.159s	9	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.433s (+24.3% 🔺)	12.999s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.566s	8	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.482s (-3.4%)	3.033s (-4.2%)	0.551s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.526s (-4.0%)	3.033s (-0.8%)	0.507s	40	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (-1.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.416s	40	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.727s (-29.4% 🟢)	3.033s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.306s	40	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	3.276s (+1.6%)	4.010s (+0.8%)	0.734s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s (+1.7%)	4.010s (-0.8%)	0.678s	30	1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.666s (+18.7% 🔺)	17.735s (+18.8% 🔺)	2.068s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.072s (+24.3% 🔺)	18.878s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.806s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	23.811s (+35.0% 🔺)	25.911s (+34.6% 🔺)	2.100s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.833s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.209s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.798s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.209s (-2.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.797s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.424s (-27.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.580s	60	2.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.491s (+2.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.514s	60	2.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.640s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.365s	60	3.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.666s (+29.3% 🔺)	3.507s (+31.0% 🔺)	1.841s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.764s (+32.0% 🔺)	3.384s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.621s	19	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.638s (+27.7% 🔺)	4.467s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.829s	14	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.296s (+2.0%)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.733s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.313s (+2.5%)	1.040s (+2.2%)	0.728s	88	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.325s (~)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.681s	90	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.970s (-29.6% 🟢)	2.508s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.538s	36	6.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.169s (-3.9%)	2.853s (-3.1%)	0.684s	32	7.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.745s (-2.2%)	3.472s (+10.4% 🔺)	0.728s	26	9.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.938s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.681s (+20.2% 🔺)	1.742s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.352s (+46.4% 🔺)	4.307s (+38.5% 🔺)	1.955s	21	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.310s (-14.2% 🟢)	6.671s (~)	2.360s	14	2.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.519s (+0.6%)	1.068s (+0.9%)	0.549s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.520s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.078s (+0.8%)	0.558s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.034s (+0.8%)	2.469s	40	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.615s (-24.2% 🟢)	9.562s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.947s	13	16.60x
💻 Local	Express	10.097s (~)	11.210s (+0.8%)	1.113s	11	19.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s (-2.8%)	12.031s (+0.8%)	1.159s	11	20.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.142s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.489s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.347s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.476s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.579s (-4.6%)	2.103s	22	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.833s (+2.2%)	7.396s (+15.2% 🔺)	2.564s	17	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.004s (~)	0.009s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.885s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (+0.9%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.873s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.154s (~)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.160s (+1.8%)	1.991s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.850s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.162s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (-3.2%)	2.019s (~)	0.857s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.187s (+1.9%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+36.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.824s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.188s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.269s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.415s (+71.2% 🔺)	6.144s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.956s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.200s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.546s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.174s (-1.7%)	6.227s (+4.6%)	4.027s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.716s (+6.5% 🔺)	4.222s (+1.9%)	1.626s (+13.5% 🔺)	7.307s (+9.5% 🔺)	3.591s	10	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.513s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.512s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.531s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.495s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.554s (-0.9%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+2.0%)	2.025s (~)	0.471s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.571s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.014s (+26.2% 🔺)	2.029s (~)	0.459s	30	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.586s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.005s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.625s (+1.9%)	1.970s (~)	0.014s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.030s (~)	0.405s	30	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.660s (-8.5% 🟢)	8.200s (-2.2%)	0.275s (+57.4% 🔺)	9.021s (~)	2.361s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.016s (+22.5% 🔺)	8.005s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.305s (-31.5% 🟢)	9.036s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.019s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.422s (+7.1% 🔺)	11.210s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.231s (+12.2% 🔺)	12.696s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.274s	5	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.773s (-0.5%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.098s (~)	0.325s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.782s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.063s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+58.0% 🔺)	1.079s (+4.9%)	0.298s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.010s (-1.9%)	1.386s (-0.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.399s (~)	0.389s	44	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.140s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.861s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.864s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.724s	33	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	1.266s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.750s	30	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.456s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.978s (~)	0.001s (-26.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.561s	30	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.504s (-3.0%)	4.583s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-90.6% 🟢)	5.051s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.548s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.870s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.136s (-4.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.682s (-3.2%)	1.811s	11	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.764s (+3.7%)	6.273s (+1.3%)	0.000s (~)	7.609s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.844s	9	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.707s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.242s (+3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.267s (+2.9%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.850s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.379s (+1.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.407s (+2.2%)	0.557s	26	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.710s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.266s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.281s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.570s	19	1.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.925s (-28.4% 🟢)	3.469s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	3.474s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.549s	18	1.71x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.449s (-6.4% 🟢)	3.987s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	4.031s (~)	0.582s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.665s (-2.4%)	4.159s (-3.6%)	0.001s (+98.3% 🔺)	4.166s (-3.5%)	0.501s	15	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.567s (+3.4%)	6.993s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.429s (~)	1.862s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.843s (-6.8% 🟢)	7.305s (+1.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.811s (+2.1%)	1.968s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.197s (-15.3% 🟢)	8.538s (-3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	9.458s (-4.3%)	2.261s	7	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	21/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

I didn’t find a code-level blocker/regression in the transport change itself. The filter matches the AI SDK stream grammar, preserves self-contained tool-input-available / tool-input-error chunks, and keeps underlying chunk indexes correct while dropping orphan chunks.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2670. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Closes#1835 by ensuring WorkflowChatTransport never fails when using startIndex between chunk boundaries, and adds an example code snippet for how to do server-side rewinds.

Issue: When WorkflowChatTransport resumes with a negative initialStartIndex, the resolved chunk index can land in the middle of an open text-* / reasoning-* / tool-input-* part. AI SDK's client enforces the *-start → *-delta → *-end grammar and throws on the orphan delta — breaking the chat.

This PR adds a one-pass filter on the resumed stream that drops chunks referencing a part whose start chunk wasn't in the resumed window, and emits a one-time warning pointing at docs on server-side rewinding. The filter only activates for negative startIndex — for non-negative values the caller is explicit and we trust them.

Also see fix for WorkflowAgent in vercel/ai#15543, which should be updated once this merges

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48d5a12

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.042s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.049s (+1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.957s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (+0.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.065s (-1.2%)	1.011s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.067s (+2.5%)	1.012s (-0.5%)	0.945s	10	1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.233s (+1.6%)	1.835s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.602s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.300s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.318s (+16.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.615s (-29.8% 🟢)	2.630s (-1.9%)	2.016s	10	2.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.078s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.084s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.922s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.086s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.096s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.916s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.469s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.235s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.766s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.486s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.188s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.702s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+1.0%)	4.111s (+17.8% 🔺)	1.976s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.413s (-1.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.450s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.567s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.472s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.480s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.534s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.488s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.535s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.533s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.485s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.752s (-3.9%)	14.112s (+3.1%)	2.360s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.979s (-3.0%)	13.594s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.615s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.995s (-2.1%)	14.924s (-1.3%)	1.929s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.526s (-2.5%)	14.028s (~)	0.502s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.605s (-0.5%)	14.022s (~)	0.417s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.645s (~)	14.018s (~)	0.373s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.666s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.363s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.703s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.325s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.828s (+1.6%)	14.018s (~)	0.190s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.550s (-11.4% 🟢)	20.000s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.450s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.815s (+4.4%)	19.795s (+0.9%)	1.980s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.856s (-27.3% 🟢)	20.340s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.484s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.054s (-1.4%)	13.019s (~)	0.964s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.090s (-5.1% 🟢)	12.523s (-3.9%)	0.433s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.211s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.815s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.278s (~)	13.016s (~)	0.738s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.310s (+0.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.716s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.599s (+3.2%)	13.164s (+1.1%)	0.565s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.064s (-8.7% 🟢)	22.608s (-3.7%)	2.545s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.453s (+21.1% 🔺)	23.410s (+14.3% 🔺)	1.956s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.379s (+16.6% 🔺)	26.889s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.510s	4	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.172s (+0.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.196s (+0.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.151s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.797s	14	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.389s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.617s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.581s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (+3.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.416s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.026s (-4.9%)	1.610s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.648s (+31.1% 🔺)	4.447s (+22.1% 🔺)	1.799s	8	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.070s (+8.7% 🔺)	6.001s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.931s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.322s (~)	2.509s (-3.3%)	1.187s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.323s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	1.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.333s (-7.0% 🟢)	2.223s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.889s	14	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.419s (~)	3.009s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.589s	10	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	2.778s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.209s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.432s	10	2.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.958s (+14.7% 🔺)	3.762s (+25.0% 🔺)	0.803s	8	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.695s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.732s (+16.3% 🔺)	2.037s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.347s (+36.8% 🔺)	5.479s (+49.3% 🔺)	2.132s	7	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.982s (+30.0% 🔺)	6.858s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.876s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.574s (+1.5%)	4.010s (~)	2.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.749s (+8.0% 🔺)	4.296s (+3.8%)	2.547s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.828s (+8.8% 🔺)	6.018s (~)	3.190s	5	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.339s (-22.7% 🟢)	5.848s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.508s	6	3.39x
💻 Local	Express	6.150s (+2.1%)	6.817s (+3.0%)	0.666s	5	3.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.213s (+3.5%)	8.269s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.055s	4	4.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.898s (+23.4% 🔺)	6.030s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.132s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.015s (+59.1% 🔺)	7.010s (+39.3% 🔺)	1.995s	5	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.124s (+3.3%)	7.678s (+20.4% 🔺)	2.554s	4	1.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.171s (-1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.822s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.407s (-10.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.600s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.580s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.457s (-4.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.258s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.181s (+3.0%)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (-2.3%)	3.962s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.566s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.173s (+23.7% 🔺)	6.207s (+21.4% 🔺)	2.034s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.312s (+1.7%)	2.151s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.840s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s (~)	3.010s (~)	1.693s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.334s (+0.6%)	2.593s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.259s	12	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.512s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.496s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.649s (+3.1%)	3.310s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.661s	10	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.814s (+4.1%)	3.456s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.642s	9	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.806s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.407s (-1.5%)	1.601s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.314s (+32.8% 🔺)	5.589s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.275s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.529s (+36.7% 🔺)	6.671s (+28.4% 🔺)	2.142s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.575s (+0.5%)	4.385s (+9.4% 🔺)	2.810s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.635s (+0.8%)	4.012s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.377s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.831s (-4.8%)	5.851s (-5.9% 🟢)	3.020s	6	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.645s (-27.9% 🟢)	6.418s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.773s	5	3.58x
💻 Local	Express	7.202s (+4.4%)	7.769s (+7.7% 🔺)	0.566s	4	4.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.192s (+67.7% 🔺)	10.021s (+66.6% 🔺)	0.829s	3	5.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.611s (-5.3% 🟢)	6.354s (+15.7% 🔺)	2.744s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.092s (+16.4% 🔺)	6.391s (+22.3% 🔺)	2.299s	5	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.429s (-1.2%)	7.688s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.259s	4	1.50x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.500s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.504s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.554s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.023s (-3.4%)	0.469s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.557s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.040s (+1.6%)	0.483s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.583s (~)	1.040s (+1.5%)	0.457s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+4.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.395s	60	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.645s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.377s	59	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.177s (+13.9% 🔺)	5.655s (+24.0% 🔺)	2.478s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.201s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.971s (+2.7%)	1.770s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.222s (+26.6% 🔺)	6.154s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.932s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (~)	2.030s (+1.1%)	0.781s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.251s (-30.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.755s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.330s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-2.2%)	0.678s	45	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.368s (+1.4%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.685s	44	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.560s (+4.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.447s	45	1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.522s (+14.2% 🔺)	9.382s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.860s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.724s (+32.6% 🔺)	10.883s (+33.9% 🔺)	2.159s	9	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.433s (+24.3% 🔺)	12.999s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.566s	8	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.482s (-3.4%)	3.033s (-4.2%)	0.551s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.526s (-4.0%)	3.033s (-0.8%)	0.507s	40	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (-1.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.416s	40	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.727s (-29.4% 🟢)	3.033s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.306s	40	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	3.276s (+1.6%)	4.010s (+0.8%)	0.734s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s (+1.7%)	4.010s (-0.8%)	0.678s	30	1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.666s (+18.7% 🔺)	17.735s (+18.8% 🔺)	2.068s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.072s (+24.3% 🔺)	18.878s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.806s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	23.811s (+35.0% 🔺)	25.911s (+34.6% 🔺)	2.100s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.833s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.209s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.798s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.209s (-2.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.797s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.424s (-27.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.580s	60	2.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.491s (+2.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.514s	60	2.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.640s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.365s	60	3.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.666s (+29.3% 🔺)	3.507s (+31.0% 🔺)	1.841s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.764s (+32.0% 🔺)	3.384s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.621s	19	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.638s (+27.7% 🔺)	4.467s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.829s	14	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.296s (+2.0%)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.733s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.313s (+2.5%)	1.040s (+2.2%)	0.728s	88	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.325s (~)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.681s	90	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.970s (-29.6% 🟢)	2.508s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.538s	36	6.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.169s (-3.9%)	2.853s (-3.1%)	0.684s	32	7.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.745s (-2.2%)	3.472s (+10.4% 🔺)	0.728s	26	9.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.938s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.681s (+20.2% 🔺)	1.742s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.352s (+46.4% 🔺)	4.307s (+38.5% 🔺)	1.955s	21	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.310s (-14.2% 🟢)	6.671s (~)	2.360s	14	2.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.519s (+0.6%)	1.068s (+0.9%)	0.549s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.520s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.078s (+0.8%)	0.558s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.034s (+0.8%)	2.469s	40	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.615s (-24.2% 🟢)	9.562s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.947s	13	16.60x
💻 Local	Express	10.097s (~)	11.210s (+0.8%)	1.113s	11	19.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s (-2.8%)	12.031s (+0.8%)	1.159s	11	20.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.142s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.489s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.347s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.476s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.579s (-4.6%)	2.103s	22	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.833s (+2.2%)	7.396s (+15.2% 🔺)	2.564s	17	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.004s (~)	0.009s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.885s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (+0.9%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.873s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.154s (~)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.160s (+1.8%)	1.991s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.850s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.162s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (-3.2%)	2.019s (~)	0.857s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.187s (+1.9%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+36.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.824s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.188s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.269s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.415s (+71.2% 🔺)	6.144s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.956s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.200s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.546s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.174s (-1.7%)	6.227s (+4.6%)	4.027s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.716s (+6.5% 🔺)	4.222s (+1.9%)	1.626s (+13.5% 🔺)	7.307s (+9.5% 🔺)	3.591s	10	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.513s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.512s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.531s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.495s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.554s (-0.9%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+2.0%)	2.025s (~)	0.471s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.571s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.014s (+26.2% 🔺)	2.029s (~)	0.459s	30	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.586s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.005s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.625s (+1.9%)	1.970s (~)	0.014s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.030s (~)	0.405s	30	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.660s (-8.5% 🟢)	8.200s (-2.2%)	0.275s (+57.4% 🔺)	9.021s (~)	2.361s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.016s (+22.5% 🔺)	8.005s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.305s (-31.5% 🟢)	9.036s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.019s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.422s (+7.1% 🔺)	11.210s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.231s (+12.2% 🔺)	12.696s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.274s	5	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.773s (-0.5%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.098s (~)	0.325s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.782s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.063s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+58.0% 🔺)	1.079s (+4.9%)	0.298s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.010s (-1.9%)	1.386s (-0.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.399s (~)	0.389s	44	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.140s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.861s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.864s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.724s	33	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	1.266s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.750s	30	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.456s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.978s (~)	0.001s (-26.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.561s	30	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.504s (-3.0%)	4.583s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-90.6% 🟢)	5.051s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.548s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.870s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.136s (-4.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.682s (-3.2%)	1.811s	11	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.764s (+3.7%)	6.273s (+1.3%)	0.000s (~)	7.609s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.844s	9	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.707s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.242s (+3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.267s (+2.9%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.850s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.379s (+1.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.407s (+2.2%)	0.557s	26	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.710s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.266s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.281s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.570s	19	1.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.925s (-28.4% 🟢)	3.469s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	3.474s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.549s	18	1.71x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.449s (-6.4% 🟢)	3.987s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	4.031s (~)	0.582s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.665s (-2.4%)	4.159s (-3.6%)	0.001s (+98.3% 🔺)	4.166s (-3.5%)	0.501s	15	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.567s (+3.4%)	6.993s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.429s (~)	1.862s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.843s (-6.8% 🟢)	7.305s (+1.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.811s (+2.1%)	1.968s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.197s (-15.3% 🟢)	8.538s (-3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	9.458s (-4.3%)	2.261s	7	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	21/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

I didn’t find a code-level blocker/regression in the transport change itself. The filter matches the AI SDK stream grammar, preserves self-contained tool-input-available / tool-input-error chunks, and keeps underlying chunk indexes correct while dropping orphan chunks.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2670. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Closes#1835 by ensuring WorkflowChatTransport never fails when using startIndex between chunk boundaries, and adds an example code snippet for how to do server-side rewinds.

Issue: When WorkflowChatTransport resumes with a negative initialStartIndex, the resolved chunk index can land in the middle of an open text-* / reasoning-* / tool-input-* part. AI SDK's client enforces the *-start → *-delta → *-end grammar and throws on the orphan delta — breaking the chat.

This PR adds a one-pass filter on the resumed stream that drops chunks referencing a part whose start chunk wasn't in the resumed window, and emits a one-time warning pointing at docs on server-side rewinding. The filter only activates for negative startIndex — for non-negative values the caller is explicit and we trust them.

Also see fix for WorkflowAgent in vercel/ai#15543, which should be updated once this merges

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48d5a12

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.042s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.049s (+1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.957s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (+0.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.065s (-1.2%)	1.011s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.067s (+2.5%)	1.012s (-0.5%)	0.945s	10	1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.233s (+1.6%)	1.835s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.602s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.300s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.318s (+16.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.615s (-29.8% 🟢)	2.630s (-1.9%)	2.016s	10	2.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.078s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.084s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.922s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.086s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.096s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.916s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.469s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.235s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.766s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.486s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.188s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.702s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+1.0%)	4.111s (+17.8% 🔺)	1.976s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.413s (-1.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.450s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.567s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.472s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.480s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.534s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.488s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.535s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.533s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.485s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.752s (-3.9%)	14.112s (+3.1%)	2.360s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.979s (-3.0%)	13.594s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.615s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.995s (-2.1%)	14.924s (-1.3%)	1.929s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.526s (-2.5%)	14.028s (~)	0.502s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.605s (-0.5%)	14.022s (~)	0.417s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.645s (~)	14.018s (~)	0.373s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.666s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.363s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.703s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.325s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.828s (+1.6%)	14.018s (~)	0.190s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.550s (-11.4% 🟢)	20.000s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.450s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.815s (+4.4%)	19.795s (+0.9%)	1.980s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.856s (-27.3% 🟢)	20.340s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.484s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.054s (-1.4%)	13.019s (~)	0.964s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.090s (-5.1% 🟢)	12.523s (-3.9%)	0.433s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.211s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.815s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.278s (~)	13.016s (~)	0.738s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.310s (+0.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.716s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.599s (+3.2%)	13.164s (+1.1%)	0.565s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.064s (-8.7% 🟢)	22.608s (-3.7%)	2.545s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.453s (+21.1% 🔺)	23.410s (+14.3% 🔺)	1.956s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.379s (+16.6% 🔺)	26.889s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.510s	4	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.172s (+0.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.196s (+0.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.151s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.797s	14	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.389s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.617s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.581s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (+3.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.416s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.026s (-4.9%)	1.610s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.648s (+31.1% 🔺)	4.447s (+22.1% 🔺)	1.799s	8	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.070s (+8.7% 🔺)	6.001s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.931s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.322s (~)	2.509s (-3.3%)	1.187s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.323s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	1.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.333s (-7.0% 🟢)	2.223s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.889s	14	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.419s (~)	3.009s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.589s	10	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	2.778s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.209s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.432s	10	2.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.958s (+14.7% 🔺)	3.762s (+25.0% 🔺)	0.803s	8	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.695s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.732s (+16.3% 🔺)	2.037s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.347s (+36.8% 🔺)	5.479s (+49.3% 🔺)	2.132s	7	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.982s (+30.0% 🔺)	6.858s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.876s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.574s (+1.5%)	4.010s (~)	2.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.749s (+8.0% 🔺)	4.296s (+3.8%)	2.547s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.828s (+8.8% 🔺)	6.018s (~)	3.190s	5	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.339s (-22.7% 🟢)	5.848s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.508s	6	3.39x
💻 Local	Express	6.150s (+2.1%)	6.817s (+3.0%)	0.666s	5	3.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.213s (+3.5%)	8.269s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.055s	4	4.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.898s (+23.4% 🔺)	6.030s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.132s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.015s (+59.1% 🔺)	7.010s (+39.3% 🔺)	1.995s	5	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.124s (+3.3%)	7.678s (+20.4% 🔺)	2.554s	4	1.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.171s (-1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.822s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.407s (-10.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.600s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.580s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.457s (-4.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.258s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.181s (+3.0%)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (-2.3%)	3.962s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.566s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.173s (+23.7% 🔺)	6.207s (+21.4% 🔺)	2.034s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.312s (+1.7%)	2.151s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.840s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s (~)	3.010s (~)	1.693s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.334s (+0.6%)	2.593s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.259s	12	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.512s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.496s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.649s (+3.1%)	3.310s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.661s	10	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.814s (+4.1%)	3.456s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.642s	9	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.806s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.407s (-1.5%)	1.601s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.314s (+32.8% 🔺)	5.589s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.275s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.529s (+36.7% 🔺)	6.671s (+28.4% 🔺)	2.142s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.575s (+0.5%)	4.385s (+9.4% 🔺)	2.810s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.635s (+0.8%)	4.012s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.377s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.831s (-4.8%)	5.851s (-5.9% 🟢)	3.020s	6	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.645s (-27.9% 🟢)	6.418s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.773s	5	3.58x
💻 Local	Express	7.202s (+4.4%)	7.769s (+7.7% 🔺)	0.566s	4	4.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.192s (+67.7% 🔺)	10.021s (+66.6% 🔺)	0.829s	3	5.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.611s (-5.3% 🟢)	6.354s (+15.7% 🔺)	2.744s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.092s (+16.4% 🔺)	6.391s (+22.3% 🔺)	2.299s	5	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.429s (-1.2%)	7.688s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.259s	4	1.50x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.500s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.504s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.554s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.023s (-3.4%)	0.469s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.557s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.040s (+1.6%)	0.483s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.583s (~)	1.040s (+1.5%)	0.457s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+4.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.395s	60	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.645s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.377s	59	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.177s (+13.9% 🔺)	5.655s (+24.0% 🔺)	2.478s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.201s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.971s (+2.7%)	1.770s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.222s (+26.6% 🔺)	6.154s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.932s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (~)	2.030s (+1.1%)	0.781s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.251s (-30.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.755s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.330s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-2.2%)	0.678s	45	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.368s (+1.4%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.685s	44	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.560s (+4.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.447s	45	1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.522s (+14.2% 🔺)	9.382s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.860s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.724s (+32.6% 🔺)	10.883s (+33.9% 🔺)	2.159s	9	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.433s (+24.3% 🔺)	12.999s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.566s	8	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.482s (-3.4%)	3.033s (-4.2%)	0.551s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.526s (-4.0%)	3.033s (-0.8%)	0.507s	40	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (-1.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.416s	40	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.727s (-29.4% 🟢)	3.033s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.306s	40	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	3.276s (+1.6%)	4.010s (+0.8%)	0.734s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s (+1.7%)	4.010s (-0.8%)	0.678s	30	1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.666s (+18.7% 🔺)	17.735s (+18.8% 🔺)	2.068s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.072s (+24.3% 🔺)	18.878s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.806s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	23.811s (+35.0% 🔺)	25.911s (+34.6% 🔺)	2.100s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.833s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.209s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.798s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.209s (-2.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.797s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.424s (-27.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.580s	60	2.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.491s (+2.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.514s	60	2.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.640s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.365s	60	3.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.666s (+29.3% 🔺)	3.507s (+31.0% 🔺)	1.841s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.764s (+32.0% 🔺)	3.384s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.621s	19	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.638s (+27.7% 🔺)	4.467s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.829s	14	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.296s (+2.0%)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.733s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.313s (+2.5%)	1.040s (+2.2%)	0.728s	88	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.325s (~)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.681s	90	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.970s (-29.6% 🟢)	2.508s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.538s	36	6.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.169s (-3.9%)	2.853s (-3.1%)	0.684s	32	7.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.745s (-2.2%)	3.472s (+10.4% 🔺)	0.728s	26	9.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.938s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.681s (+20.2% 🔺)	1.742s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.352s (+46.4% 🔺)	4.307s (+38.5% 🔺)	1.955s	21	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.310s (-14.2% 🟢)	6.671s (~)	2.360s	14	2.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.519s (+0.6%)	1.068s (+0.9%)	0.549s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.520s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.078s (+0.8%)	0.558s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.034s (+0.8%)	2.469s	40	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.615s (-24.2% 🟢)	9.562s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.947s	13	16.60x
💻 Local	Express	10.097s (~)	11.210s (+0.8%)	1.113s	11	19.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s (-2.8%)	12.031s (+0.8%)	1.159s	11	20.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.142s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.489s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.347s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.476s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.579s (-4.6%)	2.103s	22	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.833s (+2.2%)	7.396s (+15.2% 🔺)	2.564s	17	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.004s (~)	0.009s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.885s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (+0.9%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.873s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.154s (~)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.160s (+1.8%)	1.991s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.850s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.162s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (-3.2%)	2.019s (~)	0.857s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.187s (+1.9%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+36.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.824s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.188s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.269s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.415s (+71.2% 🔺)	6.144s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.956s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.200s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.546s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.174s (-1.7%)	6.227s (+4.6%)	4.027s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.716s (+6.5% 🔺)	4.222s (+1.9%)	1.626s (+13.5% 🔺)	7.307s (+9.5% 🔺)	3.591s	10	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.513s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.512s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.531s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.495s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.554s (-0.9%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+2.0%)	2.025s (~)	0.471s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.571s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.014s (+26.2% 🔺)	2.029s (~)	0.459s	30	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.586s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.005s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.625s (+1.9%)	1.970s (~)	0.014s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.030s (~)	0.405s	30	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.660s (-8.5% 🟢)	8.200s (-2.2%)	0.275s (+57.4% 🔺)	9.021s (~)	2.361s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.016s (+22.5% 🔺)	8.005s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.305s (-31.5% 🟢)	9.036s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.019s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.422s (+7.1% 🔺)	11.210s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.231s (+12.2% 🔺)	12.696s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.274s	5	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.773s (-0.5%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.098s (~)	0.325s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.782s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.063s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+58.0% 🔺)	1.079s (+4.9%)	0.298s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.010s (-1.9%)	1.386s (-0.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.399s (~)	0.389s	44	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.140s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.861s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.864s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.724s	33	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	1.266s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.750s	30	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.456s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.978s (~)	0.001s (-26.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.561s	30	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.504s (-3.0%)	4.583s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-90.6% 🟢)	5.051s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.548s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.870s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.136s (-4.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.682s (-3.2%)	1.811s	11	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.764s (+3.7%)	6.273s (+1.3%)	0.000s (~)	7.609s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.844s	9	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.707s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.242s (+3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.267s (+2.9%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.850s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.379s (+1.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.407s (+2.2%)	0.557s	26	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.710s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.266s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.281s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.570s	19	1.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.925s (-28.4% 🟢)	3.469s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	3.474s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.549s	18	1.71x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.449s (-6.4% 🟢)	3.987s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	4.031s (~)	0.582s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.665s (-2.4%)	4.159s (-3.6%)	0.001s (+98.3% 🔺)	4.166s (-3.5%)	0.501s	15	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.567s (+3.4%)	6.993s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.429s (~)	1.862s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.843s (-6.8% 🟢)	7.305s (+1.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.811s (+2.1%)	1.968s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.197s (-15.3% 🟢)	8.538s (-3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	9.458s (-4.3%)	2.261s	7	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	21/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

I didn’t find a code-level blocker/regression in the transport change itself. The filter matches the AI SDK stream grammar, preserves self-contained tool-input-available / tool-input-error chunks, and keeps underlying chunk indexes correct while dropping orphan chunks.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2670. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[VaguelySerious]

Closes#1835 by ensuring WorkflowChatTransport never fails when using startIndex between chunk boundaries, and adds an example code snippet for how to do server-side rewinds.

Issue: When WorkflowChatTransport resumes with a negative initialStartIndex, the resolved chunk index can land in the middle of an open text-* / reasoning-* / tool-input-* part. AI SDK's client enforces the *-start → *-delta → *-end grammar and throws on the orphan delta — breaking the chat.

This PR adds a one-pass filter on the resumed stream that drops chunks referencing a part whose start chunk wasn't in the resumed window, and emits a one-time warning pointing at docs on server-side rewinding. The filter only activates for negative startIndex — for non-negative values the caller is explicit and we trust them.

Also see fix for WorkflowAgent in vercel/ai#15543, which should be updated once this merges

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jun 26, 2026 7:01pm

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 48d5a12

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	0	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	0	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1593	0	231	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	885	0	179	1064
Total	7282	0	1078	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	0	27
✅ example	125	0	27
✅ express	125	0	27
✅ fastify	125	0	27
✅ hono	125	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	0	3
✅ nitro	125	0	27
✅ nuxt	125	0	27
✅ sveltekit	144	0	8
✅ vite	125	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	0	25
✅ express-stable	127	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	0	25
✅ hono-stable	127	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	0	6
✅ vite-stable	127	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	126	0	26
✅ express-stable	126	0	26
✅ fastify-stable	126	0	26
✅ hono-stable	126	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	132	0	20
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	151	0	1
✅ nitro-stable	126	0	26
✅ nuxt-stable	126	0	26
✅ sveltekit-stable	145	0	7
✅ vite-stable	126	0	26

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	126	0	26
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.042s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.963s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.049s (+1.0%)	1.006s (~)	0.957s	10	1.16x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+6.7% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s (+0.9%)	1.012s (~)	0.953s	10	1.41x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.065s (-1.2%)	1.011s (~)	0.946s	10	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.067s (+2.5%)	1.012s (-0.5%)	0.945s	10	1.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.233s (+1.6%)	1.835s (-9.4% 🟢)	1.602s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.300s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.318s (+16.0% 🔺)	2.018s	10	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.615s (-29.8% 🟢)	2.630s (-1.9%)	2.016s	10	2.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.078s (-2.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.084s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.922s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.086s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.096s (+0.7%)	2.013s (~)	0.916s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.907s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.469s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.235s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.766s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.486s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.188s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.702s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (+1.0%)	4.111s (+17.8% 🔺)	1.976s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.413s (-1.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.609s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.450s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.567s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.472s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.552s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.480s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.534s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.488s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.535s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.533s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.485s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.752s (-3.9%)	14.112s (+3.1%)	2.360s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.979s (-3.0%)	13.594s (-6.5% 🟢)	1.615s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.995s (-2.1%)	14.924s (-1.3%)	1.929s	3	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.526s (-2.5%)	14.028s (~)	0.502s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.605s (-0.5%)	14.022s (~)	0.417s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.645s (~)	14.018s (~)	0.373s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.666s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.363s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.703s (~)	14.028s (~)	0.325s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.828s (+1.6%)	14.018s (~)	0.190s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.550s (-11.4% 🟢)	20.000s (-6.2% 🟢)	2.450s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.815s (+4.4%)	19.795s (+0.9%)	1.980s	4	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.856s (-27.3% 🟢)	20.340s (-22.6% 🟢)	2.484s	3	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.054s (-1.4%)	13.019s (~)	0.964s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.090s (-5.1% 🟢)	12.523s (-3.9%)	0.433s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.211s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.815s	7	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.278s (~)	13.016s (~)	0.738s	7	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.310s (+0.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.716s	7	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.599s (+3.2%)	13.164s (+1.1%)	0.565s	7	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.064s (-8.7% 🟢)	22.608s (-3.7%)	2.545s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	21.453s (+21.1% 🔺)	23.410s (+14.3% 🔺)	1.956s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.379s (+16.6% 🔺)	26.889s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.510s	4	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.172s (+0.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.196s (+0.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.812s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (+13.8% 🔺)	2.151s (+7.2% 🔺)	0.797s	14	1.16x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.389s (-9.4% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.617s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.581s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (+3.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.566s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.416s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.026s (-4.9%)	1.610s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.648s (+31.1% 🔺)	4.447s (+22.1% 🔺)	1.799s	8	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.070s (+8.7% 🔺)	6.001s (+9.6% 🔺)	1.931s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.322s (~)	2.509s (-3.3%)	1.187s	12	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.323s (-1.6%)	3.009s (~)	1.685s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.333s (-7.0% 🟢)	2.223s (-14.2% 🟢)	0.889s	14	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.419s (~)	3.009s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.589s	10	1.83x
💻 Local	Express	2.778s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.209s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.432s	10	2.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.958s (+14.7% 🔺)	3.762s (+25.0% 🔺)	0.803s	8	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.695s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.732s (+16.3% 🔺)	2.037s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.347s (+36.8% 🔺)	5.479s (+49.3% 🔺)	2.132s	7	1.24x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.982s (+30.0% 🔺)	6.858s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.876s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.574s (+1.5%)	4.010s (~)	2.436s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.749s (+8.0% 🔺)	4.296s (+3.8%)	2.547s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.828s (+8.8% 🔺)	6.018s (~)	3.190s	5	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.339s (-22.7% 🟢)	5.848s (-22.3% 🟢)	0.508s	6	3.39x
💻 Local	Express	6.150s (+2.1%)	6.817s (+3.0%)	0.666s	5	3.91x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.213s (+3.5%)	8.269s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.055s	4	4.58x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.898s (+23.4% 🔺)	6.030s (+26.5% 🔺)	2.132s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.015s (+59.1% 🔺)	7.010s (+39.3% 🔺)	1.995s	5	1.29x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.124s (+3.3%)	7.678s (+20.4% 🔺)	2.554s	4	1.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.171s (-1.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.836s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.185s (-1.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.822s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.190s (+0.7%)	2.008s (~)	0.818s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.407s (-10.1% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.600s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.426s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.580s	15	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.457s (-4.4%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.258s (-7.7% 🟢)	4.181s (+3.0%)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.396s (-2.3%)	3.962s (-11.2% 🟢)	1.566s	8	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.173s (+23.7% 🔺)	6.207s (+21.4% 🔺)	2.034s	5	1.85x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.312s (+1.7%)	2.151s (-10.1% 🟢)	0.840s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.317s (~)	3.010s (~)	1.693s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.334s (+0.6%)	2.593s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.259s	12	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.512s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.008s (-12.9% 🟢)	0.496s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.649s (+3.1%)	3.310s (+10.0% 🔺)	0.661s	10	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.814s (+4.1%)	3.456s (+11.1% 🔺)	0.642s	9	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.806s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.407s (-1.5%)	1.601s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.314s (+32.8% 🔺)	5.589s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.275s	6	1.18x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.529s (+36.7% 🔺)	6.671s (+28.4% 🔺)	2.142s	5	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.575s (+0.5%)	4.385s (+9.4% 🔺)	2.810s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.635s (+0.8%)	4.012s (-9.6% 🟢)	2.377s	8	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.831s (-4.8%)	5.851s (-5.9% 🟢)	3.020s	6	1.80x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.645s (-27.9% 🟢)	6.418s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.773s	5	3.58x
💻 Local	Express	7.202s (+4.4%)	7.769s (+7.7% 🔺)	0.566s	4	4.57x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.192s (+67.7% 🔺)	10.021s (+66.6% 🔺)	0.829s	3	5.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.611s (-5.3% 🟢)	6.354s (+15.7% 🔺)	2.744s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.092s (+16.4% 🔺)	6.391s (+22.3% 🔺)	2.299s	5	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.429s (-1.2%)	7.688s (+7.1% 🔺)	2.259s	4	1.50x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.500s (-30.1% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.504s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.554s (-11.3% 🟢)	1.023s (-3.4%)	0.469s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.557s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.040s (+1.6%)	0.483s	59	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.583s (~)	1.040s (+1.5%)	0.457s	59	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+4.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.395s	60	1.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.645s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.022s (~)	0.377s	59	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.177s (+13.9% 🔺)	5.655s (+24.0% 🔺)	2.478s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.201s (+9.3% 🔺)	4.971s (+2.7%)	1.770s	13	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.222s (+26.6% 🔺)	6.154s (+27.0% 🔺)	1.932s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (~)	2.030s (+1.1%)	0.781s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.251s (-30.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.755s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.330s (-6.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-2.2%)	0.678s	45	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.368s (+1.4%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.685s	44	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.504s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.503s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.560s (+4.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.447s	45	1.25x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	7.522s (+14.2% 🔺)	9.382s (+13.6% 🔺)	1.860s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	8.724s (+32.6% 🔺)	10.883s (+33.9% 🔺)	2.159s	9	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.433s (+24.3% 🔺)	12.999s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.566s	8	1.39x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.482s (-3.4%)	3.033s (-4.2%)	0.551s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.526s (-4.0%)	3.033s (-0.8%)	0.507s	40	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.591s (-1.4%)	3.008s (~)	0.416s	40	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.727s (-29.4% 🟢)	3.033s (-27.5% 🟢)	0.306s	40	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	3.276s (+1.6%)	4.010s (+0.8%)	0.734s	30	1.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.331s (+1.7%)	4.010s (-0.8%)	0.678s	30	1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.666s (+18.7% 🔺)	17.735s (+18.8% 🔺)	2.068s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.072s (+24.3% 🔺)	18.878s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.806s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	23.811s (+35.0% 🔺)	25.911s (+34.6% 🔺)	2.100s	5	1.52x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.173s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.833s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.209s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.798s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.209s (-2.4%)	1.006s (~)	0.797s	60	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.424s (-27.3% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.580s	60	2.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.491s (+2.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.514s	60	2.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.640s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.365s	60	3.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.666s (+29.3% 🔺)	3.507s (+31.0% 🔺)	1.841s	18	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.764s (+32.0% 🔺)	3.384s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.621s	19	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.638s (+27.7% 🔺)	4.467s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.829s	14	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.296s (+2.0%)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.733s	88	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.313s (+2.5%)	1.040s (+2.2%)	0.728s	88	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.325s (~)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.681s	90	1.10x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.970s (-29.6% 🟢)	2.508s (-30.6% 🟢)	0.538s	36	6.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.169s (-3.9%)	2.853s (-3.1%)	0.684s	32	7.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.745s (-2.2%)	3.472s (+10.4% 🔺)	0.728s	26	9.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.938s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.681s (+20.2% 🔺)	1.742s	25	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.352s (+46.4% 🔺)	4.307s (+38.5% 🔺)	1.955s	21	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.310s (-14.2% 🟢)	6.671s (~)	2.360s	14	2.22x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.519s (+0.6%)	1.068s (+0.9%)	0.549s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.520s (+11.3% 🔺)	1.078s (+0.8%)	0.558s	112	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.564s (+8.5% 🔺)	3.034s (+0.8%)	2.469s	40	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.615s (-24.2% 🟢)	9.562s (-23.7% 🟢)	0.947s	13	16.60x
💻 Local	Express	10.097s (~)	11.210s (+0.8%)	1.113s	11	19.46x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.871s (-2.8%)	12.031s (+0.8%)	1.159s	11	20.95x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.142s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.489s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.347s	22	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.476s (-15.2% 🟢)	5.579s (-4.6%)	2.103s	22	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.833s (+2.2%)	7.396s (+15.2% 🔺)	2.564s	17	1.54x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.131s (-5.8% 🟢)	2.004s (~)	0.009s (-32.6% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.885s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.148s (+0.9%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.873s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.154s (~)	2.000s (~)	0.001s (+18.2% 🔺)	2.010s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.160s (+1.8%)	1.991s (~)	0.001s (-28.6% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.850s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.162s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (-3.2%)	2.019s (~)	0.857s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.187s (+1.9%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+36.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.824s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.188s (+10.3% 🔺)	3.269s (-5.4% 🟢)	2.415s (+71.2% 🔺)	6.144s (+14.6% 🔺)	3.956s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.200s (+5.2% 🔺)	3.546s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.174s (-1.7%)	6.227s (+4.6%)	4.027s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.716s (+6.5% 🔺)	4.222s (+1.9%)	1.626s (+13.5% 🔺)	7.307s (+9.5% 🔺)	3.591s	10	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.513s (-11.8% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (-9.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.512s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.531s (~)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+11.6% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.495s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.554s (-0.9%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (+2.0%)	2.025s (~)	0.471s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.571s (+0.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.014s (+26.2% 🔺)	2.029s (~)	0.459s	30	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.586s (-1.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.005s (-5.6% 🟢)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.625s (+1.9%)	1.970s (~)	0.014s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.030s (~)	0.405s	30	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.660s (-8.5% 🟢)	8.200s (-2.2%)	0.275s (+57.4% 🔺)	9.021s (~)	2.361s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.016s (+22.5% 🔺)	8.005s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.305s (-31.5% 🟢)	9.036s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.019s	7	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.422s (+7.1% 🔺)	11.210s (+8.5% 🔺)	0.231s (+12.2% 🔺)	12.696s (+9.5% 🔺)	2.274s	5	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.773s (-0.5%)	1.082s (+2.0%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.098s (~)	0.325s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.782s (+6.3% 🔺)	1.063s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+58.0% 🔺)	1.079s (+4.9%)	0.298s	56	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.010s (-1.9%)	1.386s (-0.6%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.399s (~)	0.389s	44	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.140s (-22.1% 🟢)	1.861s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-54.5% 🟢)	1.864s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.724s	33	1.47x
💻 Local	Express	1.266s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-36.4% 🟢)	2.016s (~)	0.750s	30	1.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.456s (+6.0% 🔺)	1.978s (~)	0.001s (-26.1% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.561s	30	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.504s (-3.0%)	4.583s (-8.8% 🟢)	0.000s (-90.6% 🟢)	5.051s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.548s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.870s (-9.4% 🟢)	5.136s (-4.8%)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.682s (-3.2%)	1.811s	11	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.764s (+3.7%)	6.273s (+1.3%)	0.000s (~)	7.609s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.844s	9	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.707s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.242s (+3.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.267s (+2.9%)	0.559s	28	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.850s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.379s (+1.4%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.407s (+2.2%)	0.557s	26	1.08x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.710s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.266s (+5.3% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.281s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.570s	19	1.59x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.925s (-28.4% 🟢)	3.469s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	3.474s (-24.7% 🟢)	0.549s	18	1.71x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.449s (-6.4% 🟢)	3.987s (~)	0.001s (-16.7% 🟢)	4.031s (~)	0.582s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Express	3.665s (-2.4%)	4.159s (-3.6%)	0.001s (+98.3% 🔺)	4.166s (-3.5%)	0.501s	15	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.567s (+3.4%)	6.993s (+0.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	7.429s (~)	1.862s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.843s (-6.8% 🟢)	7.305s (+1.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.811s (+2.1%)	1.968s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.197s (-15.3% 🟢)	8.538s (-3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	9.458s (-4.3%)	2.261s	7	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	21/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	14/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

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📋 View full workflow run

[karthikscale3]

I didn’t find a code-level blocker/regression in the transport change itself. The filter matches the AI SDK stream grammar, preserves self-contained tool-input-available / tool-input-error chunks, and keeps underlying chunk indexes correct while dropping orphan chunks.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2670. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)