feat(nitro): add /_workflow web ui during dev

[RihanArfan]

Adds route /_workflow during development which starts the web UI and redirects to it

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0ce7ffc

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/nitro	Minor
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.030s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.044s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.5% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.9%)	0.966s	10	1.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.957s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.012s	0.953s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.239s (-41.6% 🟢)	1.948s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.364s (+1.3%)	2.037s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.342s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.159s (+1.1%)	1.816s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.066s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.072s (-4.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.079s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.931s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-4.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.924s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s	2.006s	0.898s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.009s	0.888s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.587s (-22.0% 🟢)	3.734s (-2.5%)	2.147s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.598s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.818s (~)	2.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.726s (-55.7% 🟢)	3.723s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.997s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.395s (-5.2% 🟢)	11.013s (~)	0.618s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.395s (-5.0% 🟢)	11.022s (~)	0.627s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.437s (-4.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.586s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.457s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.561s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.671s	11.021s	0.351s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.778s	11.022s	0.244s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.203s (-22.2% 🟢)	15.068s (-24.7% 🟢)	1.865s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.337s (-23.0% 🟢)	15.744s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.407s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.662s (-42.4% 🟢)	15.046s (-40.1% 🟢)	1.385s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.428s (-7.9% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.589s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.479s (-10.0% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.548s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.491s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.536s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.514s (-7.4% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.504s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.056s	14.828s	0.772s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.176s	15.023s	0.847s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.733s (-56.8% 🟢)	23.628s (-55.0% 🟢)	1.895s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.097s (-58.0% 🟢)	23.750s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.653s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.943s (-64.4% 🟢)	25.029s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.086s	3	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.899s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.123s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.939s (-14.8% 🟢)	12.265s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.326s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	11.969s (-27.9% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.430s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.043s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.520s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.477s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.170s	14.026s	0.856s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.327s	14.018s	0.690s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.055s (-93.1% 🟢)	30.713s (-92.8% 🟢)	1.658s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.605s (-74.8% 🟢)	32.770s (-73.5% 🟢)	2.166s	3	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.329s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.360s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.031s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.141s (-9.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.867s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.147s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.861s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.169s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.837s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.175s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.830s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s	2.008s	0.774s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.006s	0.696s	15	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.592s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.129s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.537s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.620s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.747s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.974s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.628s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.654s	7	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (-49.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.802s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s	2.008s	0.643s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.699s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.307s	15	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s	2.140s	0.412s	15	1.45x
💻 Local	Express	1.795s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.073s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.279s	15	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.546s (-12.5% 🟢)	4.939s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.393s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.725s (-47.5% 🟢)	5.324s (-40.2% 🟢)	1.599s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.591s (+26.8% 🔺)	6.331s (+23.9% 🔺)	1.740s	5	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.298s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.369s (-60.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.008s	0.338s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.492s	5.179s	0.688s	6	3.46x
💻 Local	Express	4.690s (-43.8% 🟢)	5.346s (-40.8% 🟢)	0.656s	6	3.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.830s (-42.2% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.682s	6	3.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.302s (+78.8% 🔺)	7.537s (+36.2% 🔺)	1.235s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.762s (+59.5% 🔺)	8.862s (+44.6% 🔺)	2.101s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.104s (-20.3% 🟢)	9.155s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.051s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.148s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.861s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.150s (-8.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.209s	2.007s	0.798s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.285s	2.006s	0.721s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.383s (-25.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.624s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.451s (-23.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.556s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.563s (-0.7%)	4.176s (-4.0%)	1.613s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.678s (+8.9% 🔺)	3.983s (-4.5%)	1.305s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.388s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.632s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.196s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.222s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.788s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.378s	2.010s	0.632s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.942s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.393s (-36.4% 🟢)	0.451s	13	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s	2.735s	0.735s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.030s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.478s	12	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.630s (+12.3% 🔺)	5.030s (-0.9%)	1.400s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.761s (+17.8% 🔺)	5.598s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.837s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.144s (+31.9% 🔺)	5.762s (+27.4% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.302s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.705s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.672s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.009s	0.360s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.437s (-40.5% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.575s	5	4.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.524s	5.680s	0.156s	6	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	6.274s (-28.7% 🟢)	6.816s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.542s	5	4.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.391s (+5.9% 🔺)	7.313s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.921s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.547s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.272s (-11.1% 🟢)	1.725s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.130s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.973s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.843s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.447s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.6%)	0.559s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.464s (-52.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.540s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.474s (-42.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.533s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.480s (-51.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.524s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.690s	1.006s	0.317s	60	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.743s	1.004s	0.261s	60	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.259s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.059s (-66.9% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.302s (-76.0% 🟢)	6.721s (-72.0% 🟢)	1.420s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.485s (-62.2% 🟢)	7.218s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.733s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.019s (-48.4% 🟢)	1.391s (-38.4% 🟢)	0.372s	65	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.094s (-43.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.915s	45	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.172s (-61.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.834s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.209s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.647s	2.009s	0.362s	45	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.824s	2.028s	0.204s	45	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.084s (-62.1% 🟢)	15.173s (-58.8% 🟢)	2.090s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.280s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.176s (-70.7% 🟢)	1.897s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.367s (-66.1% 🟢)	14.944s (-63.8% 🟢)	1.577s	7	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.024s (-49.3% 🟢)	2.407s (-44.9% 🟢)	0.383s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.272s (-44.6% 🟢)	3.060s (-33.5% 🟢)	0.788s	40	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.737s (-70.6% 🟢)	3.032s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.296s	40	1.35x
💻 Local	Express	2.755s (-70.1% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.278s	40	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.227s	4.009s	0.783s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s	4.074s	0.239s	30	1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.369s (-71.8% 🟢)	28.920s (-70.6% 🟢)	1.551s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	29.099s (-72.8% 🟢)	31.373s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.275s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.099s (-77.6% 🟢)	31.182s (-76.4% 🟢)	2.083s	4	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.166s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.840s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.183s (-35.4% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.824s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.241s	1.006s	0.765s	60	1.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.385s (-31.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.620s	60	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.431s (-28.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.573s	60	2.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	3.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.406s (+44.8% 🔺)	3.966s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.560s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.538s (+25.5% 🔺)	4.287s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.749s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.079s (+57.6% 🔺)	4.790s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.711s	13	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.285s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.720s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.326s (-34.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.681s	90	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.467s	1.006s	0.540s	90	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	2.134s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.767s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.633s	33	7.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.154s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.853s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.698s	32	7.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s	2.883s	0.714s	32	7.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.895s (+93.5% 🔺)	7.672s (+59.6% 🔺)	1.776s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.062s (+87.9% 🔺)	7.550s (+56.6% 🔺)	1.488s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.774s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.444s (+62.6% 🔺)	1.670s	11	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-27.8% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.415s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.691s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.316s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.965s	1.403s	0.437s	86	1.63x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s	10.776s	0.709s	12	17.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.136s (-9.4% 🟢)	10.610s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.474s	12	17.16x
💻 Local	Express	10.224s (-8.6% 🟢)	10.940s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.716s	11	17.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.844s (+66.3% 🔺)	14.428s (+53.5% 🔺)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.407s (+58.9% 🔺)	18.261s (+48.6% 🔺)	1.854s	8	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.683s (+124.8% 🔺)	18.676s (+102.0% 🔺)	1.993s	7	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.124s (+447.8% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-13.6% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+469.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (+458.8% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.0% 🔺)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.835s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.205s	2.001s	0.001s	2.011s	0.806s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.155s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.346s (-36.6% 🟢)	1.700s (+129.0% 🔺)	5.442s (-16.1% 🟢)	3.288s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.222s (-11.3% 🟢)	3.575s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.859s (+4.8%)	3.638s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.385s (-65.2% 🟢)	3.504s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.922s (+204.1% 🔺)	5.966s (-39.0% 🟢)	3.582s	10	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.500s (+138.0% 🔺)	2.002s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.525s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.519s (+81.1% 🔺)	2.013s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.010s (+2.5%)	2.024s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.505s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.642s (+163.1% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.2% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.6%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.386s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.720s	2.010s	0.004s	2.027s	0.307s	30	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.940s (+156.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.1%)	2.424s (+133.1% 🔺)	0.484s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.010s	0.008s	2.392s	0.361s	27	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.962s (-64.8% 🟢)	7.181s (-60.6% 🟢)	1.085s (+413.7% 🔺)	8.768s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.806s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.985s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.368s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.331s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.209s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.224s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.191s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.347s (-76.1% 🟢)	0.198s (+76.6% 🔺)	7.965s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.774s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.643s (-33.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-61.0% 🟢)	1.031s (-21.1% 🟢)	0.388s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.715s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.032s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.043s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.327s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.773s	1.053s	0.000s	1.062s	0.288s	57	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.348s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.669s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (+11.3% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+233.3% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.657s	30	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.422s	2.015s	0.001s	2.018s	0.596s	30	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.876s (+3.6%)	5.222s (+2.3%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.770s (+4.3%)	1.894s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.238s (+38.9% 🔺)	5.308s (+20.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.767s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.529s	11	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.380s (-57.0% 🟢)	5.453s (-52.7% 🟢)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.071s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.691s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.218s (-31.2% 🟢)	1.871s (-14.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.893s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.674s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.472s (-17.8% 🟢)	2.102s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.114s (-2.8%)	0.642s	29	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.745s	2.262s	0.000s	2.269s	0.524s	27	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.777s	3.362s	0.001s	3.366s	0.588s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.096s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.905s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-53.1% 🟢)	3.907s (-3.2%)	0.811s	16	2.54x
💻 Local	Express	3.156s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-76.6% 🟢)	3.969s (-1.7%)	0.813s	16	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.728s (+39.9% 🔺)	6.988s (+30.0% 🔺)	0.001s (+307.4% 🔺)	7.378s (+27.3% 🔺)	1.650s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.736s (+25.0% 🔺)	7.157s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.635s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.900s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.944s (+23.6% 🔺)	8.287s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	8.783s (+16.5% 🔺)	1.839s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	13/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

😱

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2224. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[RihanArfan]

Adds route /_workflow during development which starts the web UI and redirects to it

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0ce7ffc

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/nitro	Minor
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.030s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.044s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.5% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.9%)	0.966s	10	1.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.957s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.012s	0.953s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.239s (-41.6% 🟢)	1.948s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.364s (+1.3%)	2.037s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.342s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.159s (+1.1%)	1.816s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.066s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.072s (-4.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.079s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.931s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-4.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.924s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s	2.006s	0.898s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.009s	0.888s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.587s (-22.0% 🟢)	3.734s (-2.5%)	2.147s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.598s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.818s (~)	2.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.726s (-55.7% 🟢)	3.723s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.997s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.395s (-5.2% 🟢)	11.013s (~)	0.618s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.395s (-5.0% 🟢)	11.022s (~)	0.627s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.437s (-4.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.586s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.457s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.561s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.671s	11.021s	0.351s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.778s	11.022s	0.244s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.203s (-22.2% 🟢)	15.068s (-24.7% 🟢)	1.865s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.337s (-23.0% 🟢)	15.744s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.407s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.662s (-42.4% 🟢)	15.046s (-40.1% 🟢)	1.385s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.428s (-7.9% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.589s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.479s (-10.0% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.548s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.491s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.536s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.514s (-7.4% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.504s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.056s	14.828s	0.772s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.176s	15.023s	0.847s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.733s (-56.8% 🟢)	23.628s (-55.0% 🟢)	1.895s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.097s (-58.0% 🟢)	23.750s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.653s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.943s (-64.4% 🟢)	25.029s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.086s	3	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.899s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.123s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.939s (-14.8% 🟢)	12.265s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.326s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	11.969s (-27.9% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.430s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.043s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.520s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.477s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.170s	14.026s	0.856s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.327s	14.018s	0.690s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.055s (-93.1% 🟢)	30.713s (-92.8% 🟢)	1.658s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.605s (-74.8% 🟢)	32.770s (-73.5% 🟢)	2.166s	3	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.329s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.360s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.031s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.141s (-9.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.867s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.147s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.861s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.169s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.837s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.175s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.830s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s	2.008s	0.774s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.006s	0.696s	15	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.592s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.129s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.537s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.620s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.747s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.974s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.628s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.654s	7	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (-49.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.802s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s	2.008s	0.643s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.699s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.307s	15	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s	2.140s	0.412s	15	1.45x
💻 Local	Express	1.795s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.073s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.279s	15	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.546s (-12.5% 🟢)	4.939s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.393s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.725s (-47.5% 🟢)	5.324s (-40.2% 🟢)	1.599s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.591s (+26.8% 🔺)	6.331s (+23.9% 🔺)	1.740s	5	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.298s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.369s (-60.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.008s	0.338s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.492s	5.179s	0.688s	6	3.46x
💻 Local	Express	4.690s (-43.8% 🟢)	5.346s (-40.8% 🟢)	0.656s	6	3.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.830s (-42.2% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.682s	6	3.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.302s (+78.8% 🔺)	7.537s (+36.2% 🔺)	1.235s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.762s (+59.5% 🔺)	8.862s (+44.6% 🔺)	2.101s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.104s (-20.3% 🟢)	9.155s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.051s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.148s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.861s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.150s (-8.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.209s	2.007s	0.798s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.285s	2.006s	0.721s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.383s (-25.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.624s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.451s (-23.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.556s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.563s (-0.7%)	4.176s (-4.0%)	1.613s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.678s (+8.9% 🔺)	3.983s (-4.5%)	1.305s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.388s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.632s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.196s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.222s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.788s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.378s	2.010s	0.632s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.942s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.393s (-36.4% 🟢)	0.451s	13	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s	2.735s	0.735s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.030s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.478s	12	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.630s (+12.3% 🔺)	5.030s (-0.9%)	1.400s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.761s (+17.8% 🔺)	5.598s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.837s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.144s (+31.9% 🔺)	5.762s (+27.4% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.302s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.705s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.672s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.009s	0.360s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.437s (-40.5% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.575s	5	4.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.524s	5.680s	0.156s	6	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	6.274s (-28.7% 🟢)	6.816s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.542s	5	4.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.391s (+5.9% 🔺)	7.313s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.921s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.547s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.272s (-11.1% 🟢)	1.725s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.130s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.973s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.843s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.447s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.6%)	0.559s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.464s (-52.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.540s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.474s (-42.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.533s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.480s (-51.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.524s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.690s	1.006s	0.317s	60	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.743s	1.004s	0.261s	60	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.259s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.059s (-66.9% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.302s (-76.0% 🟢)	6.721s (-72.0% 🟢)	1.420s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.485s (-62.2% 🟢)	7.218s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.733s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.019s (-48.4% 🟢)	1.391s (-38.4% 🟢)	0.372s	65	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.094s (-43.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.915s	45	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.172s (-61.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.834s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.209s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.647s	2.009s	0.362s	45	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.824s	2.028s	0.204s	45	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.084s (-62.1% 🟢)	15.173s (-58.8% 🟢)	2.090s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.280s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.176s (-70.7% 🟢)	1.897s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.367s (-66.1% 🟢)	14.944s (-63.8% 🟢)	1.577s	7	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.024s (-49.3% 🟢)	2.407s (-44.9% 🟢)	0.383s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.272s (-44.6% 🟢)	3.060s (-33.5% 🟢)	0.788s	40	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.737s (-70.6% 🟢)	3.032s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.296s	40	1.35x
💻 Local	Express	2.755s (-70.1% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.278s	40	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.227s	4.009s	0.783s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s	4.074s	0.239s	30	1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.369s (-71.8% 🟢)	28.920s (-70.6% 🟢)	1.551s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	29.099s (-72.8% 🟢)	31.373s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.275s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.099s (-77.6% 🟢)	31.182s (-76.4% 🟢)	2.083s	4	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.166s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.840s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.183s (-35.4% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.824s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.241s	1.006s	0.765s	60	1.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.385s (-31.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.620s	60	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.431s (-28.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.573s	60	2.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	3.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.406s (+44.8% 🔺)	3.966s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.560s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.538s (+25.5% 🔺)	4.287s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.749s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.079s (+57.6% 🔺)	4.790s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.711s	13	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.285s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.720s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.326s (-34.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.681s	90	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.467s	1.006s	0.540s	90	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	2.134s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.767s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.633s	33	7.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.154s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.853s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.698s	32	7.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s	2.883s	0.714s	32	7.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.895s (+93.5% 🔺)	7.672s (+59.6% 🔺)	1.776s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.062s (+87.9% 🔺)	7.550s (+56.6% 🔺)	1.488s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.774s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.444s (+62.6% 🔺)	1.670s	11	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-27.8% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.415s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.691s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.316s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.965s	1.403s	0.437s	86	1.63x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s	10.776s	0.709s	12	17.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.136s (-9.4% 🟢)	10.610s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.474s	12	17.16x
💻 Local	Express	10.224s (-8.6% 🟢)	10.940s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.716s	11	17.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.844s (+66.3% 🔺)	14.428s (+53.5% 🔺)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.407s (+58.9% 🔺)	18.261s (+48.6% 🔺)	1.854s	8	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.683s (+124.8% 🔺)	18.676s (+102.0% 🔺)	1.993s	7	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.124s (+447.8% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-13.6% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+469.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (+458.8% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.0% 🔺)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.835s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.205s	2.001s	0.001s	2.011s	0.806s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.155s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.346s (-36.6% 🟢)	1.700s (+129.0% 🔺)	5.442s (-16.1% 🟢)	3.288s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.222s (-11.3% 🟢)	3.575s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.859s (+4.8%)	3.638s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.385s (-65.2% 🟢)	3.504s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.922s (+204.1% 🔺)	5.966s (-39.0% 🟢)	3.582s	10	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.500s (+138.0% 🔺)	2.002s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.525s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.519s (+81.1% 🔺)	2.013s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.010s (+2.5%)	2.024s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.505s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.642s (+163.1% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.2% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.6%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.386s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.720s	2.010s	0.004s	2.027s	0.307s	30	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.940s (+156.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.1%)	2.424s (+133.1% 🔺)	0.484s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.010s	0.008s	2.392s	0.361s	27	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.962s (-64.8% 🟢)	7.181s (-60.6% 🟢)	1.085s (+413.7% 🔺)	8.768s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.806s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.985s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.368s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.331s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.209s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.224s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.191s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.347s (-76.1% 🟢)	0.198s (+76.6% 🔺)	7.965s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.774s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.643s (-33.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-61.0% 🟢)	1.031s (-21.1% 🟢)	0.388s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.715s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.032s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.043s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.327s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.773s	1.053s	0.000s	1.062s	0.288s	57	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.348s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.669s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (+11.3% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+233.3% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.657s	30	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.422s	2.015s	0.001s	2.018s	0.596s	30	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.876s (+3.6%)	5.222s (+2.3%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.770s (+4.3%)	1.894s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.238s (+38.9% 🔺)	5.308s (+20.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.767s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.529s	11	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.380s (-57.0% 🟢)	5.453s (-52.7% 🟢)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.071s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.691s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.218s (-31.2% 🟢)	1.871s (-14.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.893s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.674s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.472s (-17.8% 🟢)	2.102s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.114s (-2.8%)	0.642s	29	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.745s	2.262s	0.000s	2.269s	0.524s	27	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.777s	3.362s	0.001s	3.366s	0.588s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.096s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.905s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-53.1% 🟢)	3.907s (-3.2%)	0.811s	16	2.54x
💻 Local	Express	3.156s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-76.6% 🟢)	3.969s (-1.7%)	0.813s	16	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.728s (+39.9% 🔺)	6.988s (+30.0% 🔺)	0.001s (+307.4% 🔺)	7.378s (+27.3% 🔺)	1.650s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.736s (+25.0% 🔺)	7.157s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.635s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.900s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.944s (+23.6% 🔺)	8.287s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	8.783s (+16.5% 🔺)	1.839s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	13/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

😱

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2224. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[RihanArfan]

Adds route /_workflow during development which starts the web UI and redirects to it

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0ce7ffc

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/nitro	Minor
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.030s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.044s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.5% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.9%)	0.966s	10	1.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.957s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.012s	0.953s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.239s (-41.6% 🟢)	1.948s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.364s (+1.3%)	2.037s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.342s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.159s (+1.1%)	1.816s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.066s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.072s (-4.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.079s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.931s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-4.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.924s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s	2.006s	0.898s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.009s	0.888s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.587s (-22.0% 🟢)	3.734s (-2.5%)	2.147s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.598s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.818s (~)	2.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.726s (-55.7% 🟢)	3.723s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.997s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.395s (-5.2% 🟢)	11.013s (~)	0.618s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.395s (-5.0% 🟢)	11.022s (~)	0.627s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.437s (-4.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.586s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.457s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.561s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.671s	11.021s	0.351s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.778s	11.022s	0.244s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.203s (-22.2% 🟢)	15.068s (-24.7% 🟢)	1.865s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.337s (-23.0% 🟢)	15.744s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.407s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.662s (-42.4% 🟢)	15.046s (-40.1% 🟢)	1.385s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.428s (-7.9% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.589s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.479s (-10.0% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.548s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.491s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.536s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.514s (-7.4% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.504s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.056s	14.828s	0.772s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.176s	15.023s	0.847s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.733s (-56.8% 🟢)	23.628s (-55.0% 🟢)	1.895s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.097s (-58.0% 🟢)	23.750s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.653s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.943s (-64.4% 🟢)	25.029s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.086s	3	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.899s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.123s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.939s (-14.8% 🟢)	12.265s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.326s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	11.969s (-27.9% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.430s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.043s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.520s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.477s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.170s	14.026s	0.856s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.327s	14.018s	0.690s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.055s (-93.1% 🟢)	30.713s (-92.8% 🟢)	1.658s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.605s (-74.8% 🟢)	32.770s (-73.5% 🟢)	2.166s	3	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.329s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.360s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.031s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.141s (-9.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.867s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.147s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.861s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.169s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.837s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.175s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.830s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s	2.008s	0.774s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.006s	0.696s	15	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.592s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.129s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.537s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.620s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.747s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.974s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.628s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.654s	7	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (-49.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.802s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s	2.008s	0.643s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.699s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.307s	15	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s	2.140s	0.412s	15	1.45x
💻 Local	Express	1.795s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.073s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.279s	15	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.546s (-12.5% 🟢)	4.939s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.393s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.725s (-47.5% 🟢)	5.324s (-40.2% 🟢)	1.599s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.591s (+26.8% 🔺)	6.331s (+23.9% 🔺)	1.740s	5	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.298s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.369s (-60.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.008s	0.338s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.492s	5.179s	0.688s	6	3.46x
💻 Local	Express	4.690s (-43.8% 🟢)	5.346s (-40.8% 🟢)	0.656s	6	3.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.830s (-42.2% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.682s	6	3.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.302s (+78.8% 🔺)	7.537s (+36.2% 🔺)	1.235s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.762s (+59.5% 🔺)	8.862s (+44.6% 🔺)	2.101s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.104s (-20.3% 🟢)	9.155s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.051s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.148s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.861s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.150s (-8.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.209s	2.007s	0.798s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.285s	2.006s	0.721s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.383s (-25.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.624s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.451s (-23.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.556s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.563s (-0.7%)	4.176s (-4.0%)	1.613s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.678s (+8.9% 🔺)	3.983s (-4.5%)	1.305s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.388s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.632s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.196s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.222s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.788s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.378s	2.010s	0.632s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.942s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.393s (-36.4% 🟢)	0.451s	13	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s	2.735s	0.735s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.030s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.478s	12	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.630s (+12.3% 🔺)	5.030s (-0.9%)	1.400s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.761s (+17.8% 🔺)	5.598s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.837s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.144s (+31.9% 🔺)	5.762s (+27.4% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.302s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.705s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.672s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.009s	0.360s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.437s (-40.5% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.575s	5	4.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.524s	5.680s	0.156s	6	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	6.274s (-28.7% 🟢)	6.816s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.542s	5	4.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.391s (+5.9% 🔺)	7.313s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.921s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.547s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.272s (-11.1% 🟢)	1.725s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.130s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.973s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.843s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.447s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.6%)	0.559s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.464s (-52.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.540s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.474s (-42.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.533s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.480s (-51.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.524s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.690s	1.006s	0.317s	60	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.743s	1.004s	0.261s	60	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.259s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.059s (-66.9% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.302s (-76.0% 🟢)	6.721s (-72.0% 🟢)	1.420s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.485s (-62.2% 🟢)	7.218s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.733s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.019s (-48.4% 🟢)	1.391s (-38.4% 🟢)	0.372s	65	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.094s (-43.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.915s	45	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.172s (-61.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.834s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.209s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.647s	2.009s	0.362s	45	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.824s	2.028s	0.204s	45	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.084s (-62.1% 🟢)	15.173s (-58.8% 🟢)	2.090s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.280s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.176s (-70.7% 🟢)	1.897s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.367s (-66.1% 🟢)	14.944s (-63.8% 🟢)	1.577s	7	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.024s (-49.3% 🟢)	2.407s (-44.9% 🟢)	0.383s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.272s (-44.6% 🟢)	3.060s (-33.5% 🟢)	0.788s	40	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.737s (-70.6% 🟢)	3.032s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.296s	40	1.35x
💻 Local	Express	2.755s (-70.1% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.278s	40	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.227s	4.009s	0.783s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s	4.074s	0.239s	30	1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.369s (-71.8% 🟢)	28.920s (-70.6% 🟢)	1.551s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	29.099s (-72.8% 🟢)	31.373s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.275s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.099s (-77.6% 🟢)	31.182s (-76.4% 🟢)	2.083s	4	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.166s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.840s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.183s (-35.4% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.824s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.241s	1.006s	0.765s	60	1.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.385s (-31.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.620s	60	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.431s (-28.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.573s	60	2.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	3.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.406s (+44.8% 🔺)	3.966s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.560s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.538s (+25.5% 🔺)	4.287s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.749s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.079s (+57.6% 🔺)	4.790s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.711s	13	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.285s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.720s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.326s (-34.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.681s	90	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.467s	1.006s	0.540s	90	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	2.134s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.767s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.633s	33	7.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.154s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.853s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.698s	32	7.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s	2.883s	0.714s	32	7.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.895s (+93.5% 🔺)	7.672s (+59.6% 🔺)	1.776s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.062s (+87.9% 🔺)	7.550s (+56.6% 🔺)	1.488s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.774s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.444s (+62.6% 🔺)	1.670s	11	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-27.8% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.415s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.691s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.316s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.965s	1.403s	0.437s	86	1.63x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s	10.776s	0.709s	12	17.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.136s (-9.4% 🟢)	10.610s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.474s	12	17.16x
💻 Local	Express	10.224s (-8.6% 🟢)	10.940s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.716s	11	17.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.844s (+66.3% 🔺)	14.428s (+53.5% 🔺)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.407s (+58.9% 🔺)	18.261s (+48.6% 🔺)	1.854s	8	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.683s (+124.8% 🔺)	18.676s (+102.0% 🔺)	1.993s	7	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.124s (+447.8% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-13.6% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+469.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (+458.8% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.0% 🔺)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.835s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.205s	2.001s	0.001s	2.011s	0.806s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.155s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.346s (-36.6% 🟢)	1.700s (+129.0% 🔺)	5.442s (-16.1% 🟢)	3.288s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.222s (-11.3% 🟢)	3.575s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.859s (+4.8%)	3.638s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.385s (-65.2% 🟢)	3.504s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.922s (+204.1% 🔺)	5.966s (-39.0% 🟢)	3.582s	10	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.500s (+138.0% 🔺)	2.002s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.525s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.519s (+81.1% 🔺)	2.013s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.010s (+2.5%)	2.024s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.505s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.642s (+163.1% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.2% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.6%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.386s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.720s	2.010s	0.004s	2.027s	0.307s	30	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.940s (+156.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.1%)	2.424s (+133.1% 🔺)	0.484s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.010s	0.008s	2.392s	0.361s	27	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.962s (-64.8% 🟢)	7.181s (-60.6% 🟢)	1.085s (+413.7% 🔺)	8.768s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.806s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.985s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.368s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.331s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.209s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.224s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.191s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.347s (-76.1% 🟢)	0.198s (+76.6% 🔺)	7.965s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.774s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.643s (-33.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-61.0% 🟢)	1.031s (-21.1% 🟢)	0.388s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.715s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.032s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.043s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.327s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.773s	1.053s	0.000s	1.062s	0.288s	57	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.348s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.669s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (+11.3% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+233.3% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.657s	30	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.422s	2.015s	0.001s	2.018s	0.596s	30	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.876s (+3.6%)	5.222s (+2.3%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.770s (+4.3%)	1.894s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.238s (+38.9% 🔺)	5.308s (+20.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.767s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.529s	11	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.380s (-57.0% 🟢)	5.453s (-52.7% 🟢)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.071s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.691s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.218s (-31.2% 🟢)	1.871s (-14.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.893s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.674s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.472s (-17.8% 🟢)	2.102s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.114s (-2.8%)	0.642s	29	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.745s	2.262s	0.000s	2.269s	0.524s	27	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.777s	3.362s	0.001s	3.366s	0.588s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.096s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.905s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-53.1% 🟢)	3.907s (-3.2%)	0.811s	16	2.54x
💻 Local	Express	3.156s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-76.6% 🟢)	3.969s (-1.7%)	0.813s	16	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.728s (+39.9% 🔺)	6.988s (+30.0% 🔺)	0.001s (+307.4% 🔺)	7.378s (+27.3% 🔺)	1.650s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.736s (+25.0% 🔺)	7.157s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.635s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.900s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.944s (+23.6% 🔺)	8.287s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	8.783s (+16.5% 🔺)	1.839s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	13/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

😱

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2224. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[RihanArfan]

Adds route /_workflow during development which starts the web UI and redirects to it

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0ce7ffc

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/nitro	Minor
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.030s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.044s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.5% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.9%)	0.966s	10	1.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.957s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.012s	0.953s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.239s (-41.6% 🟢)	1.948s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.364s (+1.3%)	2.037s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.342s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.159s (+1.1%)	1.816s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.066s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.072s (-4.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.079s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.931s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-4.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.924s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s	2.006s	0.898s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.009s	0.888s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.587s (-22.0% 🟢)	3.734s (-2.5%)	2.147s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.598s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.818s (~)	2.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.726s (-55.7% 🟢)	3.723s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.997s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.395s (-5.2% 🟢)	11.013s (~)	0.618s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.395s (-5.0% 🟢)	11.022s (~)	0.627s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.437s (-4.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.586s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.457s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.561s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.671s	11.021s	0.351s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.778s	11.022s	0.244s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.203s (-22.2% 🟢)	15.068s (-24.7% 🟢)	1.865s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.337s (-23.0% 🟢)	15.744s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.407s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.662s (-42.4% 🟢)	15.046s (-40.1% 🟢)	1.385s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.428s (-7.9% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.589s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.479s (-10.0% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.548s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.491s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.536s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.514s (-7.4% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.504s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.056s	14.828s	0.772s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.176s	15.023s	0.847s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.733s (-56.8% 🟢)	23.628s (-55.0% 🟢)	1.895s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.097s (-58.0% 🟢)	23.750s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.653s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.943s (-64.4% 🟢)	25.029s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.086s	3	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.899s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.123s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.939s (-14.8% 🟢)	12.265s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.326s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	11.969s (-27.9% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.430s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.043s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.520s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.477s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.170s	14.026s	0.856s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.327s	14.018s	0.690s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.055s (-93.1% 🟢)	30.713s (-92.8% 🟢)	1.658s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.605s (-74.8% 🟢)	32.770s (-73.5% 🟢)	2.166s	3	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.329s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.360s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.031s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.141s (-9.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.867s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.147s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.861s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.169s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.837s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.175s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.830s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s	2.008s	0.774s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.006s	0.696s	15	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.592s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.129s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.537s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.620s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.747s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.974s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.628s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.654s	7	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (-49.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.802s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s	2.008s	0.643s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.699s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.307s	15	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s	2.140s	0.412s	15	1.45x
💻 Local	Express	1.795s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.073s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.279s	15	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.546s (-12.5% 🟢)	4.939s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.393s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.725s (-47.5% 🟢)	5.324s (-40.2% 🟢)	1.599s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.591s (+26.8% 🔺)	6.331s (+23.9% 🔺)	1.740s	5	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.298s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.369s (-60.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.008s	0.338s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.492s	5.179s	0.688s	6	3.46x
💻 Local	Express	4.690s (-43.8% 🟢)	5.346s (-40.8% 🟢)	0.656s	6	3.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.830s (-42.2% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.682s	6	3.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.302s (+78.8% 🔺)	7.537s (+36.2% 🔺)	1.235s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.762s (+59.5% 🔺)	8.862s (+44.6% 🔺)	2.101s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.104s (-20.3% 🟢)	9.155s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.051s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.148s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.861s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.150s (-8.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.209s	2.007s	0.798s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.285s	2.006s	0.721s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.383s (-25.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.624s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.451s (-23.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.556s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.563s (-0.7%)	4.176s (-4.0%)	1.613s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.678s (+8.9% 🔺)	3.983s (-4.5%)	1.305s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.388s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.632s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.196s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.222s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.788s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.378s	2.010s	0.632s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.942s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.393s (-36.4% 🟢)	0.451s	13	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s	2.735s	0.735s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.030s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.478s	12	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.630s (+12.3% 🔺)	5.030s (-0.9%)	1.400s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.761s (+17.8% 🔺)	5.598s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.837s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.144s (+31.9% 🔺)	5.762s (+27.4% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.302s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.705s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.672s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.009s	0.360s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.437s (-40.5% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.575s	5	4.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.524s	5.680s	0.156s	6	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	6.274s (-28.7% 🟢)	6.816s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.542s	5	4.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.391s (+5.9% 🔺)	7.313s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.921s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.547s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.272s (-11.1% 🟢)	1.725s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.130s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.973s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.843s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.447s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.6%)	0.559s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.464s (-52.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.540s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.474s (-42.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.533s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.480s (-51.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.524s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.690s	1.006s	0.317s	60	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.743s	1.004s	0.261s	60	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.259s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.059s (-66.9% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.302s (-76.0% 🟢)	6.721s (-72.0% 🟢)	1.420s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.485s (-62.2% 🟢)	7.218s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.733s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.019s (-48.4% 🟢)	1.391s (-38.4% 🟢)	0.372s	65	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.094s (-43.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.915s	45	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.172s (-61.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.834s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.209s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.647s	2.009s	0.362s	45	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.824s	2.028s	0.204s	45	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.084s (-62.1% 🟢)	15.173s (-58.8% 🟢)	2.090s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.280s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.176s (-70.7% 🟢)	1.897s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.367s (-66.1% 🟢)	14.944s (-63.8% 🟢)	1.577s	7	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.024s (-49.3% 🟢)	2.407s (-44.9% 🟢)	0.383s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.272s (-44.6% 🟢)	3.060s (-33.5% 🟢)	0.788s	40	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.737s (-70.6% 🟢)	3.032s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.296s	40	1.35x
💻 Local	Express	2.755s (-70.1% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.278s	40	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.227s	4.009s	0.783s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s	4.074s	0.239s	30	1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.369s (-71.8% 🟢)	28.920s (-70.6% 🟢)	1.551s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	29.099s (-72.8% 🟢)	31.373s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.275s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.099s (-77.6% 🟢)	31.182s (-76.4% 🟢)	2.083s	4	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.166s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.840s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.183s (-35.4% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.824s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.241s	1.006s	0.765s	60	1.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.385s (-31.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.620s	60	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.431s (-28.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.573s	60	2.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	3.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.406s (+44.8% 🔺)	3.966s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.560s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.538s (+25.5% 🔺)	4.287s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.749s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.079s (+57.6% 🔺)	4.790s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.711s	13	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.285s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.720s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.326s (-34.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.681s	90	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.467s	1.006s	0.540s	90	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	2.134s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.767s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.633s	33	7.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.154s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.853s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.698s	32	7.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s	2.883s	0.714s	32	7.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.895s (+93.5% 🔺)	7.672s (+59.6% 🔺)	1.776s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.062s (+87.9% 🔺)	7.550s (+56.6% 🔺)	1.488s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.774s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.444s (+62.6% 🔺)	1.670s	11	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-27.8% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.415s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.691s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.316s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.965s	1.403s	0.437s	86	1.63x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s	10.776s	0.709s	12	17.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.136s (-9.4% 🟢)	10.610s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.474s	12	17.16x
💻 Local	Express	10.224s (-8.6% 🟢)	10.940s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.716s	11	17.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.844s (+66.3% 🔺)	14.428s (+53.5% 🔺)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.407s (+58.9% 🔺)	18.261s (+48.6% 🔺)	1.854s	8	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.683s (+124.8% 🔺)	18.676s (+102.0% 🔺)	1.993s	7	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.124s (+447.8% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-13.6% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+469.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (+458.8% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.0% 🔺)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.835s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.205s	2.001s	0.001s	2.011s	0.806s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.155s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.346s (-36.6% 🟢)	1.700s (+129.0% 🔺)	5.442s (-16.1% 🟢)	3.288s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.222s (-11.3% 🟢)	3.575s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.859s (+4.8%)	3.638s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.385s (-65.2% 🟢)	3.504s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.922s (+204.1% 🔺)	5.966s (-39.0% 🟢)	3.582s	10	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.500s (+138.0% 🔺)	2.002s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.525s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.519s (+81.1% 🔺)	2.013s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.010s (+2.5%)	2.024s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.505s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.642s (+163.1% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.2% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.6%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.386s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.720s	2.010s	0.004s	2.027s	0.307s	30	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.940s (+156.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.1%)	2.424s (+133.1% 🔺)	0.484s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.010s	0.008s	2.392s	0.361s	27	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.962s (-64.8% 🟢)	7.181s (-60.6% 🟢)	1.085s (+413.7% 🔺)	8.768s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.806s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.985s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.368s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.331s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.209s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.224s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.191s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.347s (-76.1% 🟢)	0.198s (+76.6% 🔺)	7.965s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.774s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.643s (-33.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-61.0% 🟢)	1.031s (-21.1% 🟢)	0.388s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.715s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.032s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.043s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.327s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.773s	1.053s	0.000s	1.062s	0.288s	57	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.348s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.669s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (+11.3% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+233.3% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.657s	30	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.422s	2.015s	0.001s	2.018s	0.596s	30	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.876s (+3.6%)	5.222s (+2.3%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.770s (+4.3%)	1.894s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.238s (+38.9% 🔺)	5.308s (+20.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.767s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.529s	11	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.380s (-57.0% 🟢)	5.453s (-52.7% 🟢)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.071s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.691s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.218s (-31.2% 🟢)	1.871s (-14.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.893s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.674s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.472s (-17.8% 🟢)	2.102s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.114s (-2.8%)	0.642s	29	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.745s	2.262s	0.000s	2.269s	0.524s	27	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.777s	3.362s	0.001s	3.366s	0.588s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.096s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.905s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-53.1% 🟢)	3.907s (-3.2%)	0.811s	16	2.54x
💻 Local	Express	3.156s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-76.6% 🟢)	3.969s (-1.7%)	0.813s	16	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.728s (+39.9% 🔺)	6.988s (+30.0% 🔺)	0.001s (+307.4% 🔺)	7.378s (+27.3% 🔺)	1.650s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.736s (+25.0% 🔺)	7.157s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.635s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.900s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.944s (+23.6% 🔺)	8.287s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	8.783s (+16.5% 🔺)	1.839s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	13/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

😱

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2224. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[RihanArfan]

Adds route /_workflow during development which starts the web UI and redirects to it

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0ce7ffc

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/nitro	Minor
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.030s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.044s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.5% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.9%)	0.966s	10	1.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.957s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.012s	0.953s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.239s (-41.6% 🟢)	1.948s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.364s (+1.3%)	2.037s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.342s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.159s (+1.1%)	1.816s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.066s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.072s (-4.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.079s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.931s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-4.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.924s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s	2.006s	0.898s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.009s	0.888s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.587s (-22.0% 🟢)	3.734s (-2.5%)	2.147s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.598s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.818s (~)	2.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.726s (-55.7% 🟢)	3.723s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.997s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.395s (-5.2% 🟢)	11.013s (~)	0.618s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.395s (-5.0% 🟢)	11.022s (~)	0.627s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.437s (-4.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.586s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.457s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.561s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.671s	11.021s	0.351s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.778s	11.022s	0.244s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.203s (-22.2% 🟢)	15.068s (-24.7% 🟢)	1.865s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.337s (-23.0% 🟢)	15.744s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.407s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.662s (-42.4% 🟢)	15.046s (-40.1% 🟢)	1.385s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.428s (-7.9% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.589s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.479s (-10.0% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.548s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.491s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.536s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.514s (-7.4% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.504s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.056s	14.828s	0.772s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.176s	15.023s	0.847s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.733s (-56.8% 🟢)	23.628s (-55.0% 🟢)	1.895s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.097s (-58.0% 🟢)	23.750s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.653s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.943s (-64.4% 🟢)	25.029s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.086s	3	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.899s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.123s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.939s (-14.8% 🟢)	12.265s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.326s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	11.969s (-27.9% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.430s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.043s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.520s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.477s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.170s	14.026s	0.856s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.327s	14.018s	0.690s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.055s (-93.1% 🟢)	30.713s (-92.8% 🟢)	1.658s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.605s (-74.8% 🟢)	32.770s (-73.5% 🟢)	2.166s	3	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.329s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.360s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.031s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.141s (-9.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.867s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.147s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.861s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.169s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.837s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.175s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.830s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s	2.008s	0.774s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.006s	0.696s	15	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.592s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.129s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.537s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.620s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.747s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.974s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.628s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.654s	7	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (-49.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.802s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s	2.008s	0.643s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.699s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.307s	15	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s	2.140s	0.412s	15	1.45x
💻 Local	Express	1.795s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.073s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.279s	15	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.546s (-12.5% 🟢)	4.939s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.393s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.725s (-47.5% 🟢)	5.324s (-40.2% 🟢)	1.599s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.591s (+26.8% 🔺)	6.331s (+23.9% 🔺)	1.740s	5	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.298s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.369s (-60.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.008s	0.338s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.492s	5.179s	0.688s	6	3.46x
💻 Local	Express	4.690s (-43.8% 🟢)	5.346s (-40.8% 🟢)	0.656s	6	3.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.830s (-42.2% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.682s	6	3.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.302s (+78.8% 🔺)	7.537s (+36.2% 🔺)	1.235s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.762s (+59.5% 🔺)	8.862s (+44.6% 🔺)	2.101s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.104s (-20.3% 🟢)	9.155s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.051s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.148s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.861s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.150s (-8.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.209s	2.007s	0.798s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.285s	2.006s	0.721s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.383s (-25.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.624s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.451s (-23.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.556s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.563s (-0.7%)	4.176s (-4.0%)	1.613s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.678s (+8.9% 🔺)	3.983s (-4.5%)	1.305s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.388s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.632s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.196s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.222s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.788s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.378s	2.010s	0.632s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.942s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.393s (-36.4% 🟢)	0.451s	13	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s	2.735s	0.735s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.030s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.478s	12	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.630s (+12.3% 🔺)	5.030s (-0.9%)	1.400s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.761s (+17.8% 🔺)	5.598s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.837s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.144s (+31.9% 🔺)	5.762s (+27.4% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.302s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.705s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.672s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.009s	0.360s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.437s (-40.5% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.575s	5	4.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.524s	5.680s	0.156s	6	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	6.274s (-28.7% 🟢)	6.816s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.542s	5	4.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.391s (+5.9% 🔺)	7.313s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.921s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.547s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.272s (-11.1% 🟢)	1.725s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.130s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.973s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.843s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.447s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.6%)	0.559s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.464s (-52.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.540s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.474s (-42.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.533s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.480s (-51.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.524s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.690s	1.006s	0.317s	60	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.743s	1.004s	0.261s	60	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.259s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.059s (-66.9% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.302s (-76.0% 🟢)	6.721s (-72.0% 🟢)	1.420s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.485s (-62.2% 🟢)	7.218s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.733s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.019s (-48.4% 🟢)	1.391s (-38.4% 🟢)	0.372s	65	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.094s (-43.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.915s	45	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.172s (-61.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.834s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.209s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.647s	2.009s	0.362s	45	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.824s	2.028s	0.204s	45	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.084s (-62.1% 🟢)	15.173s (-58.8% 🟢)	2.090s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.280s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.176s (-70.7% 🟢)	1.897s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.367s (-66.1% 🟢)	14.944s (-63.8% 🟢)	1.577s	7	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.024s (-49.3% 🟢)	2.407s (-44.9% 🟢)	0.383s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.272s (-44.6% 🟢)	3.060s (-33.5% 🟢)	0.788s	40	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.737s (-70.6% 🟢)	3.032s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.296s	40	1.35x
💻 Local	Express	2.755s (-70.1% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.278s	40	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.227s	4.009s	0.783s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s	4.074s	0.239s	30	1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.369s (-71.8% 🟢)	28.920s (-70.6% 🟢)	1.551s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	29.099s (-72.8% 🟢)	31.373s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.275s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.099s (-77.6% 🟢)	31.182s (-76.4% 🟢)	2.083s	4	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.166s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.840s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.183s (-35.4% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.824s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.241s	1.006s	0.765s	60	1.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.385s (-31.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.620s	60	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.431s (-28.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.573s	60	2.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	3.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.406s (+44.8% 🔺)	3.966s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.560s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.538s (+25.5% 🔺)	4.287s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.749s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.079s (+57.6% 🔺)	4.790s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.711s	13	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.285s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.720s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.326s (-34.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.681s	90	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.467s	1.006s	0.540s	90	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	2.134s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.767s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.633s	33	7.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.154s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.853s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.698s	32	7.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s	2.883s	0.714s	32	7.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.895s (+93.5% 🔺)	7.672s (+59.6% 🔺)	1.776s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.062s (+87.9% 🔺)	7.550s (+56.6% 🔺)	1.488s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.774s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.444s (+62.6% 🔺)	1.670s	11	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-27.8% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.415s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.691s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.316s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.965s	1.403s	0.437s	86	1.63x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s	10.776s	0.709s	12	17.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.136s (-9.4% 🟢)	10.610s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.474s	12	17.16x
💻 Local	Express	10.224s (-8.6% 🟢)	10.940s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.716s	11	17.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.844s (+66.3% 🔺)	14.428s (+53.5% 🔺)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.407s (+58.9% 🔺)	18.261s (+48.6% 🔺)	1.854s	8	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.683s (+124.8% 🔺)	18.676s (+102.0% 🔺)	1.993s	7	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.124s (+447.8% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-13.6% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+469.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (+458.8% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.0% 🔺)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.835s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.205s	2.001s	0.001s	2.011s	0.806s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.155s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.346s (-36.6% 🟢)	1.700s (+129.0% 🔺)	5.442s (-16.1% 🟢)	3.288s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.222s (-11.3% 🟢)	3.575s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.859s (+4.8%)	3.638s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.385s (-65.2% 🟢)	3.504s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.922s (+204.1% 🔺)	5.966s (-39.0% 🟢)	3.582s	10	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.500s (+138.0% 🔺)	2.002s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.525s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.519s (+81.1% 🔺)	2.013s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.010s (+2.5%)	2.024s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.505s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.642s (+163.1% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.2% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.6%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.386s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.720s	2.010s	0.004s	2.027s	0.307s	30	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.940s (+156.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.1%)	2.424s (+133.1% 🔺)	0.484s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.010s	0.008s	2.392s	0.361s	27	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.962s (-64.8% 🟢)	7.181s (-60.6% 🟢)	1.085s (+413.7% 🔺)	8.768s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.806s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.985s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.368s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.331s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.209s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.224s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.191s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.347s (-76.1% 🟢)	0.198s (+76.6% 🔺)	7.965s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.774s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.643s (-33.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-61.0% 🟢)	1.031s (-21.1% 🟢)	0.388s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.715s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.032s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.043s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.327s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.773s	1.053s	0.000s	1.062s	0.288s	57	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.348s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.669s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (+11.3% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+233.3% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.657s	30	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.422s	2.015s	0.001s	2.018s	0.596s	30	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.876s (+3.6%)	5.222s (+2.3%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.770s (+4.3%)	1.894s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.238s (+38.9% 🔺)	5.308s (+20.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.767s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.529s	11	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.380s (-57.0% 🟢)	5.453s (-52.7% 🟢)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.071s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.691s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.218s (-31.2% 🟢)	1.871s (-14.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.893s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.674s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.472s (-17.8% 🟢)	2.102s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.114s (-2.8%)	0.642s	29	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.745s	2.262s	0.000s	2.269s	0.524s	27	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.777s	3.362s	0.001s	3.366s	0.588s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.096s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.905s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-53.1% 🟢)	3.907s (-3.2%)	0.811s	16	2.54x
💻 Local	Express	3.156s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-76.6% 🟢)	3.969s (-1.7%)	0.813s	16	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.728s (+39.9% 🔺)	6.988s (+30.0% 🔺)	0.001s (+307.4% 🔺)	7.378s (+27.3% 🔺)	1.650s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.736s (+25.0% 🔺)	7.157s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.635s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.900s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.944s (+23.6% 🔺)	8.287s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	8.783s (+16.5% 🔺)	1.839s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	13/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

😱

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2224. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[RihanArfan]

Adds route /_workflow during development which starts the web UI and redirects to it

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0ce7ffc

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/nitro	Minor
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.030s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.044s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.5% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.9%)	0.966s	10	1.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.957s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.012s	0.953s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.239s (-41.6% 🟢)	1.948s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.364s (+1.3%)	2.037s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.342s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.159s (+1.1%)	1.816s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.066s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.072s (-4.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.079s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.931s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-4.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.924s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s	2.006s	0.898s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.009s	0.888s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.587s (-22.0% 🟢)	3.734s (-2.5%)	2.147s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.598s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.818s (~)	2.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.726s (-55.7% 🟢)	3.723s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.997s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.395s (-5.2% 🟢)	11.013s (~)	0.618s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.395s (-5.0% 🟢)	11.022s (~)	0.627s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.437s (-4.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.586s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.457s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.561s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.671s	11.021s	0.351s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.778s	11.022s	0.244s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.203s (-22.2% 🟢)	15.068s (-24.7% 🟢)	1.865s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.337s (-23.0% 🟢)	15.744s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.407s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.662s (-42.4% 🟢)	15.046s (-40.1% 🟢)	1.385s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.428s (-7.9% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.589s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.479s (-10.0% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.548s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.491s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.536s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.514s (-7.4% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.504s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.056s	14.828s	0.772s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.176s	15.023s	0.847s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.733s (-56.8% 🟢)	23.628s (-55.0% 🟢)	1.895s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.097s (-58.0% 🟢)	23.750s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.653s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.943s (-64.4% 🟢)	25.029s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.086s	3	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.899s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.123s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.939s (-14.8% 🟢)	12.265s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.326s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	11.969s (-27.9% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.430s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.043s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.520s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.477s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.170s	14.026s	0.856s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.327s	14.018s	0.690s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.055s (-93.1% 🟢)	30.713s (-92.8% 🟢)	1.658s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.605s (-74.8% 🟢)	32.770s (-73.5% 🟢)	2.166s	3	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.329s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.360s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.031s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.141s (-9.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.867s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.147s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.861s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.169s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.837s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.175s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.830s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s	2.008s	0.774s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.006s	0.696s	15	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.592s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.129s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.537s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.620s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.747s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.974s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.628s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.654s	7	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (-49.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.802s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s	2.008s	0.643s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.699s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.307s	15	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s	2.140s	0.412s	15	1.45x
💻 Local	Express	1.795s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.073s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.279s	15	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.546s (-12.5% 🟢)	4.939s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.393s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.725s (-47.5% 🟢)	5.324s (-40.2% 🟢)	1.599s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.591s (+26.8% 🔺)	6.331s (+23.9% 🔺)	1.740s	5	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.298s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.369s (-60.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.008s	0.338s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.492s	5.179s	0.688s	6	3.46x
💻 Local	Express	4.690s (-43.8% 🟢)	5.346s (-40.8% 🟢)	0.656s	6	3.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.830s (-42.2% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.682s	6	3.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.302s (+78.8% 🔺)	7.537s (+36.2% 🔺)	1.235s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.762s (+59.5% 🔺)	8.862s (+44.6% 🔺)	2.101s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.104s (-20.3% 🟢)	9.155s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.051s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.148s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.861s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.150s (-8.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.209s	2.007s	0.798s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.285s	2.006s	0.721s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.383s (-25.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.624s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.451s (-23.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.556s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.563s (-0.7%)	4.176s (-4.0%)	1.613s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.678s (+8.9% 🔺)	3.983s (-4.5%)	1.305s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.388s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.632s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.196s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.222s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.788s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.378s	2.010s	0.632s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.942s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.393s (-36.4% 🟢)	0.451s	13	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s	2.735s	0.735s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.030s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.478s	12	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.630s (+12.3% 🔺)	5.030s (-0.9%)	1.400s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.761s (+17.8% 🔺)	5.598s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.837s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.144s (+31.9% 🔺)	5.762s (+27.4% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.302s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.705s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.672s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.009s	0.360s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.437s (-40.5% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.575s	5	4.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.524s	5.680s	0.156s	6	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	6.274s (-28.7% 🟢)	6.816s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.542s	5	4.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.391s (+5.9% 🔺)	7.313s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.921s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.547s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.272s (-11.1% 🟢)	1.725s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.130s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.973s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.843s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.447s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.6%)	0.559s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.464s (-52.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.540s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.474s (-42.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.533s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.480s (-51.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.524s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.690s	1.006s	0.317s	60	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.743s	1.004s	0.261s	60	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.259s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.059s (-66.9% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.302s (-76.0% 🟢)	6.721s (-72.0% 🟢)	1.420s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.485s (-62.2% 🟢)	7.218s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.733s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.019s (-48.4% 🟢)	1.391s (-38.4% 🟢)	0.372s	65	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.094s (-43.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.915s	45	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.172s (-61.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.834s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.209s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.647s	2.009s	0.362s	45	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.824s	2.028s	0.204s	45	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.084s (-62.1% 🟢)	15.173s (-58.8% 🟢)	2.090s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.280s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.176s (-70.7% 🟢)	1.897s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.367s (-66.1% 🟢)	14.944s (-63.8% 🟢)	1.577s	7	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.024s (-49.3% 🟢)	2.407s (-44.9% 🟢)	0.383s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.272s (-44.6% 🟢)	3.060s (-33.5% 🟢)	0.788s	40	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.737s (-70.6% 🟢)	3.032s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.296s	40	1.35x
💻 Local	Express	2.755s (-70.1% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.278s	40	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.227s	4.009s	0.783s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s	4.074s	0.239s	30	1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.369s (-71.8% 🟢)	28.920s (-70.6% 🟢)	1.551s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	29.099s (-72.8% 🟢)	31.373s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.275s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.099s (-77.6% 🟢)	31.182s (-76.4% 🟢)	2.083s	4	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.166s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.840s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.183s (-35.4% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.824s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.241s	1.006s	0.765s	60	1.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.385s (-31.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.620s	60	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.431s (-28.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.573s	60	2.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	3.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.406s (+44.8% 🔺)	3.966s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.560s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.538s (+25.5% 🔺)	4.287s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.749s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.079s (+57.6% 🔺)	4.790s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.711s	13	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.285s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.720s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.326s (-34.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.681s	90	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.467s	1.006s	0.540s	90	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	2.134s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.767s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.633s	33	7.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.154s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.853s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.698s	32	7.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s	2.883s	0.714s	32	7.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.895s (+93.5% 🔺)	7.672s (+59.6% 🔺)	1.776s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.062s (+87.9% 🔺)	7.550s (+56.6% 🔺)	1.488s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.774s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.444s (+62.6% 🔺)	1.670s	11	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-27.8% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.415s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.691s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.316s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.965s	1.403s	0.437s	86	1.63x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s	10.776s	0.709s	12	17.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.136s (-9.4% 🟢)	10.610s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.474s	12	17.16x
💻 Local	Express	10.224s (-8.6% 🟢)	10.940s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.716s	11	17.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.844s (+66.3% 🔺)	14.428s (+53.5% 🔺)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.407s (+58.9% 🔺)	18.261s (+48.6% 🔺)	1.854s	8	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.683s (+124.8% 🔺)	18.676s (+102.0% 🔺)	1.993s	7	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.124s (+447.8% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-13.6% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+469.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (+458.8% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.0% 🔺)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.835s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.205s	2.001s	0.001s	2.011s	0.806s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.155s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.346s (-36.6% 🟢)	1.700s (+129.0% 🔺)	5.442s (-16.1% 🟢)	3.288s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.222s (-11.3% 🟢)	3.575s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.859s (+4.8%)	3.638s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.385s (-65.2% 🟢)	3.504s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.922s (+204.1% 🔺)	5.966s (-39.0% 🟢)	3.582s	10	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.500s (+138.0% 🔺)	2.002s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.525s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.519s (+81.1% 🔺)	2.013s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.010s (+2.5%)	2.024s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.505s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.642s (+163.1% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.2% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.6%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.386s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.720s	2.010s	0.004s	2.027s	0.307s	30	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.940s (+156.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.1%)	2.424s (+133.1% 🔺)	0.484s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.010s	0.008s	2.392s	0.361s	27	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.962s (-64.8% 🟢)	7.181s (-60.6% 🟢)	1.085s (+413.7% 🔺)	8.768s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.806s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.985s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.368s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.331s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.209s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.224s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.191s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.347s (-76.1% 🟢)	0.198s (+76.6% 🔺)	7.965s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.774s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.643s (-33.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-61.0% 🟢)	1.031s (-21.1% 🟢)	0.388s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.715s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.032s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.043s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.327s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.773s	1.053s	0.000s	1.062s	0.288s	57	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.348s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.669s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (+11.3% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+233.3% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.657s	30	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.422s	2.015s	0.001s	2.018s	0.596s	30	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.876s (+3.6%)	5.222s (+2.3%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.770s (+4.3%)	1.894s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.238s (+38.9% 🔺)	5.308s (+20.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.767s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.529s	11	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.380s (-57.0% 🟢)	5.453s (-52.7% 🟢)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.071s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.691s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.218s (-31.2% 🟢)	1.871s (-14.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.893s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.674s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.472s (-17.8% 🟢)	2.102s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.114s (-2.8%)	0.642s	29	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.745s	2.262s	0.000s	2.269s	0.524s	27	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.777s	3.362s	0.001s	3.366s	0.588s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.096s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.905s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-53.1% 🟢)	3.907s (-3.2%)	0.811s	16	2.54x
💻 Local	Express	3.156s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-76.6% 🟢)	3.969s (-1.7%)	0.813s	16	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.728s (+39.9% 🔺)	6.988s (+30.0% 🔺)	0.001s (+307.4% 🔺)	7.378s (+27.3% 🔺)	1.650s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.736s (+25.0% 🔺)	7.157s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.635s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.900s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.944s (+23.6% 🔺)	8.287s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	8.783s (+16.5% 🔺)	1.839s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	13/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

😱

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2224. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[RihanArfan]

Adds route /_workflow during development which starts the web UI and redirects to it

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0ce7ffc

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/nitro	Minor
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.030s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.044s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.5% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.9%)	0.966s	10	1.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.957s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.012s	0.953s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.239s (-41.6% 🟢)	1.948s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.364s (+1.3%)	2.037s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.342s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.159s (+1.1%)	1.816s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.066s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.072s (-4.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.079s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.931s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-4.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.924s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s	2.006s	0.898s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.009s	0.888s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.587s (-22.0% 🟢)	3.734s (-2.5%)	2.147s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.598s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.818s (~)	2.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.726s (-55.7% 🟢)	3.723s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.997s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.395s (-5.2% 🟢)	11.013s (~)	0.618s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.395s (-5.0% 🟢)	11.022s (~)	0.627s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.437s (-4.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.586s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.457s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.561s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.671s	11.021s	0.351s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.778s	11.022s	0.244s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.203s (-22.2% 🟢)	15.068s (-24.7% 🟢)	1.865s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.337s (-23.0% 🟢)	15.744s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.407s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.662s (-42.4% 🟢)	15.046s (-40.1% 🟢)	1.385s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.428s (-7.9% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.589s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.479s (-10.0% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.548s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.491s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.536s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.514s (-7.4% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.504s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.056s	14.828s	0.772s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.176s	15.023s	0.847s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.733s (-56.8% 🟢)	23.628s (-55.0% 🟢)	1.895s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.097s (-58.0% 🟢)	23.750s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.653s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.943s (-64.4% 🟢)	25.029s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.086s	3	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.899s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.123s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.939s (-14.8% 🟢)	12.265s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.326s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	11.969s (-27.9% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.430s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.043s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.520s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.477s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.170s	14.026s	0.856s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.327s	14.018s	0.690s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.055s (-93.1% 🟢)	30.713s (-92.8% 🟢)	1.658s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.605s (-74.8% 🟢)	32.770s (-73.5% 🟢)	2.166s	3	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.329s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.360s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.031s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.141s (-9.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.867s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.147s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.861s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.169s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.837s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.175s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.830s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s	2.008s	0.774s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.006s	0.696s	15	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.592s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.129s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.537s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.620s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.747s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.974s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.628s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.654s	7	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (-49.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.802s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s	2.008s	0.643s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.699s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.307s	15	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s	2.140s	0.412s	15	1.45x
💻 Local	Express	1.795s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.073s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.279s	15	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.546s (-12.5% 🟢)	4.939s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.393s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.725s (-47.5% 🟢)	5.324s (-40.2% 🟢)	1.599s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.591s (+26.8% 🔺)	6.331s (+23.9% 🔺)	1.740s	5	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.298s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.369s (-60.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.008s	0.338s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.492s	5.179s	0.688s	6	3.46x
💻 Local	Express	4.690s (-43.8% 🟢)	5.346s (-40.8% 🟢)	0.656s	6	3.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.830s (-42.2% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.682s	6	3.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.302s (+78.8% 🔺)	7.537s (+36.2% 🔺)	1.235s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.762s (+59.5% 🔺)	8.862s (+44.6% 🔺)	2.101s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.104s (-20.3% 🟢)	9.155s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.051s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.148s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.861s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.150s (-8.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.209s	2.007s	0.798s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.285s	2.006s	0.721s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.383s (-25.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.624s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.451s (-23.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.556s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.563s (-0.7%)	4.176s (-4.0%)	1.613s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.678s (+8.9% 🔺)	3.983s (-4.5%)	1.305s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.388s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.632s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.196s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.222s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.788s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.378s	2.010s	0.632s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.942s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.393s (-36.4% 🟢)	0.451s	13	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s	2.735s	0.735s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.030s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.478s	12	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.630s (+12.3% 🔺)	5.030s (-0.9%)	1.400s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.761s (+17.8% 🔺)	5.598s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.837s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.144s (+31.9% 🔺)	5.762s (+27.4% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.302s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.705s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.672s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.009s	0.360s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.437s (-40.5% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.575s	5	4.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.524s	5.680s	0.156s	6	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	6.274s (-28.7% 🟢)	6.816s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.542s	5	4.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.391s (+5.9% 🔺)	7.313s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.921s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.547s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.272s (-11.1% 🟢)	1.725s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.130s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.973s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.843s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.447s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.6%)	0.559s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.464s (-52.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.540s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.474s (-42.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.533s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.480s (-51.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.524s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.690s	1.006s	0.317s	60	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.743s	1.004s	0.261s	60	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.259s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.059s (-66.9% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.302s (-76.0% 🟢)	6.721s (-72.0% 🟢)	1.420s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.485s (-62.2% 🟢)	7.218s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.733s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.019s (-48.4% 🟢)	1.391s (-38.4% 🟢)	0.372s	65	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.094s (-43.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.915s	45	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.172s (-61.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.834s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.209s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.647s	2.009s	0.362s	45	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.824s	2.028s	0.204s	45	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.084s (-62.1% 🟢)	15.173s (-58.8% 🟢)	2.090s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.280s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.176s (-70.7% 🟢)	1.897s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.367s (-66.1% 🟢)	14.944s (-63.8% 🟢)	1.577s	7	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.024s (-49.3% 🟢)	2.407s (-44.9% 🟢)	0.383s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.272s (-44.6% 🟢)	3.060s (-33.5% 🟢)	0.788s	40	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.737s (-70.6% 🟢)	3.032s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.296s	40	1.35x
💻 Local	Express	2.755s (-70.1% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.278s	40	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.227s	4.009s	0.783s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s	4.074s	0.239s	30	1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.369s (-71.8% 🟢)	28.920s (-70.6% 🟢)	1.551s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	29.099s (-72.8% 🟢)	31.373s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.275s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.099s (-77.6% 🟢)	31.182s (-76.4% 🟢)	2.083s	4	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.166s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.840s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.183s (-35.4% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.824s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.241s	1.006s	0.765s	60	1.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.385s (-31.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.620s	60	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.431s (-28.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.573s	60	2.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	3.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.406s (+44.8% 🔺)	3.966s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.560s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.538s (+25.5% 🔺)	4.287s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.749s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.079s (+57.6% 🔺)	4.790s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.711s	13	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.285s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.720s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.326s (-34.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.681s	90	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.467s	1.006s	0.540s	90	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	2.134s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.767s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.633s	33	7.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.154s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.853s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.698s	32	7.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s	2.883s	0.714s	32	7.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.895s (+93.5% 🔺)	7.672s (+59.6% 🔺)	1.776s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.062s (+87.9% 🔺)	7.550s (+56.6% 🔺)	1.488s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.774s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.444s (+62.6% 🔺)	1.670s	11	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-27.8% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.415s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.691s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.316s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.965s	1.403s	0.437s	86	1.63x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s	10.776s	0.709s	12	17.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.136s (-9.4% 🟢)	10.610s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.474s	12	17.16x
💻 Local	Express	10.224s (-8.6% 🟢)	10.940s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.716s	11	17.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.844s (+66.3% 🔺)	14.428s (+53.5% 🔺)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.407s (+58.9% 🔺)	18.261s (+48.6% 🔺)	1.854s	8	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.683s (+124.8% 🔺)	18.676s (+102.0% 🔺)	1.993s	7	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.124s (+447.8% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-13.6% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+469.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (+458.8% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.0% 🔺)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.835s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.205s	2.001s	0.001s	2.011s	0.806s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.155s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.346s (-36.6% 🟢)	1.700s (+129.0% 🔺)	5.442s (-16.1% 🟢)	3.288s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.222s (-11.3% 🟢)	3.575s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.859s (+4.8%)	3.638s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.385s (-65.2% 🟢)	3.504s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.922s (+204.1% 🔺)	5.966s (-39.0% 🟢)	3.582s	10	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.500s (+138.0% 🔺)	2.002s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.525s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.519s (+81.1% 🔺)	2.013s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.010s (+2.5%)	2.024s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.505s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.642s (+163.1% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.2% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.6%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.386s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.720s	2.010s	0.004s	2.027s	0.307s	30	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.940s (+156.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.1%)	2.424s (+133.1% 🔺)	0.484s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.010s	0.008s	2.392s	0.361s	27	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.962s (-64.8% 🟢)	7.181s (-60.6% 🟢)	1.085s (+413.7% 🔺)	8.768s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.806s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.985s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.368s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.331s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.209s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.224s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.191s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.347s (-76.1% 🟢)	0.198s (+76.6% 🔺)	7.965s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.774s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.643s (-33.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-61.0% 🟢)	1.031s (-21.1% 🟢)	0.388s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.715s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.032s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.043s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.327s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.773s	1.053s	0.000s	1.062s	0.288s	57	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.348s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.669s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (+11.3% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+233.3% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.657s	30	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.422s	2.015s	0.001s	2.018s	0.596s	30	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.876s (+3.6%)	5.222s (+2.3%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.770s (+4.3%)	1.894s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.238s (+38.9% 🔺)	5.308s (+20.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.767s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.529s	11	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.380s (-57.0% 🟢)	5.453s (-52.7% 🟢)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.071s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.691s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.218s (-31.2% 🟢)	1.871s (-14.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.893s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.674s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.472s (-17.8% 🟢)	2.102s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.114s (-2.8%)	0.642s	29	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.745s	2.262s	0.000s	2.269s	0.524s	27	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.777s	3.362s	0.001s	3.366s	0.588s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.096s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.905s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-53.1% 🟢)	3.907s (-3.2%)	0.811s	16	2.54x
💻 Local	Express	3.156s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-76.6% 🟢)	3.969s (-1.7%)	0.813s	16	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.728s (+39.9% 🔺)	6.988s (+30.0% 🔺)	0.001s (+307.4% 🔺)	7.378s (+27.3% 🔺)	1.650s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.736s (+25.0% 🔺)	7.157s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.635s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.900s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.944s (+23.6% 🔺)	8.287s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	8.783s (+16.5% 🔺)	1.839s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	13/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

😱

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2224. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[RihanArfan]

Adds route /_workflow during development which starts the web UI and redirects to it

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0ce7ffc

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/nitro	Minor
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 26, 2026 2:24pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1222	0	219	1441
✅ 💻 Local Development	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 📦 Local Production	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1615	0	219	1834
✅ 🪟 Windows	131	0	0	131
✅ 📋 Other	741	0	176	917
Total	6939	0	1052	7991

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	105	0	26
✅ example	105	0	26
✅ express	105	0	26
✅ fastify	105	0	26
✅ hono	105	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	129	0	2
✅ nextjs-webpack	129	0	2
✅ nitro	105	0	26
✅ nuxt	105	0	26
✅ sveltekit	124	0	7
✅ vite	105	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	106	0	25
✅ express-stable	106	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	106	0	25
✅ hono-stable	106	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	112	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	131	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	131	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	106	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	106	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	125	0	6
✅ vite-stable	106	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	131	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	106	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	106	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	105	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.030s (-31.1% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.031s (-30.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.974s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.044s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.967s	10	1.50x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.046s (-51.5% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.9%)	0.966s	10	1.56x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.048s	1.006s	0.957s	10	1.63x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.059s	1.012s	0.953s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.239s (-41.6% 🟢)	1.948s (-22.4% 🟢)	1.708s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.327s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.364s (+1.3%)	2.037s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.342s (+45.4% 🔺)	2.159s (+1.1%)	1.816s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.066s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.940s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.072s (-4.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.934s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.079s (-5.9% 🟢)	2.010s (~)	0.931s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.087s (-4.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.924s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s	2.006s	0.898s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s	2.009s	0.888s	10	1.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.587s (-22.0% 🟢)	3.734s (-2.5%)	2.147s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.598s (-14.8% 🟢)	3.818s (~)	2.220s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.726s (-55.7% 🟢)	3.723s (-37.0% 🟢)	1.997s	10	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	10.395s (-5.2% 🟢)	11.013s (~)	0.618s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.395s (-5.0% 🟢)	11.022s (~)	0.627s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.437s (-4.4%)	11.023s (~)	0.586s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.457s (-3.8%)	11.018s (~)	0.561s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.671s	11.021s	0.351s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.778s	11.022s	0.244s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.203s (-22.2% 🟢)	15.068s (-24.7% 🟢)	1.865s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.337s (-23.0% 🟢)	15.744s (-18.8% 🟢)	2.407s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.662s (-42.4% 🟢)	15.046s (-40.1% 🟢)	1.385s	2	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	13.428s (-7.9% 🟢)	14.017s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.589s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.479s (-10.0% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.548s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.491s (-10.4% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.536s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.514s (-7.4% 🟢)	14.018s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.504s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.056s	14.828s	0.772s	5	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.176s	15.023s	0.847s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.733s (-56.8% 🟢)	23.628s (-55.0% 🟢)	1.895s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	22.097s (-58.0% 🟢)	23.750s (-56.5% 🟢)	1.653s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.943s (-64.4% 🟢)	25.029s (-62.4% 🟢)	2.086s	3	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	11.899s (-29.1% 🟢)	12.022s (-29.4% 🟢)	0.123s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	11.939s (-14.8% 🟢)	12.265s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.326s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	11.969s (-27.9% 🟢)	12.398s (-27.2% 🟢)	0.430s	8	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.043s (-13.8% 🟢)	12.520s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.477s	8	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.170s	14.026s	0.856s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.327s	14.018s	0.690s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.055s (-93.1% 🟢)	30.713s (-92.8% 🟢)	1.658s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	30.605s (-74.8% 🟢)	32.770s (-73.5% 🟢)	2.166s	3	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	31.329s (-92.0% 🟢)	33.360s (-91.6% 🟢)	2.031s	3	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.141s (-9.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.867s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.147s (-10.0% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.861s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.169s (-28.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.837s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.175s (-21.1% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.830s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.233s	2.008s	0.774s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.310s	2.006s	0.696s	15	1.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.592s (-9.4% 🟢)	4.129s (-10.7% 🟢)	1.537s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.620s (-22.9% 🟢)	4.367s (-11.5% 🟢)	1.747s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.974s (+5.5% 🔺)	4.628s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.654s	7	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.190s (-49.6% 🟢)	2.007s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.817s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.206s (-48.7% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.802s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s	2.008s	0.643s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.699s (-46.0% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.307s	15	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.728s	2.140s	0.412s	15	1.45x
💻 Local	Express	1.795s (-39.2% 🟢)	2.073s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.279s	15	1.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.546s (-12.5% 🟢)	4.939s (-16.6% 🟢)	1.393s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.725s (-47.5% 🟢)	5.324s (-40.2% 🟢)	1.599s	6	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.591s (+26.8% 🔺)	6.331s (+23.9% 🔺)	1.740s	5	1.29x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.298s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.710s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.369s (-60.7% 🟢)	2.009s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.670s	2.008s	0.338s	15	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.492s	5.179s	0.688s	6	3.46x
💻 Local	Express	4.690s (-43.8% 🟢)	5.346s (-40.8% 🟢)	0.656s	6	3.61x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.830s (-42.2% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.682s	6	3.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.302s (+78.8% 🔺)	7.537s (+36.2% 🔺)	1.235s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.762s (+59.5% 🔺)	8.862s (+44.6% 🔺)	2.101s	4	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.104s (-20.3% 🟢)	9.155s (-16.5% 🟢)	2.051s	4	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.148s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.861s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.150s (-8.5% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.858s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.209s	2.007s	0.798s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.285s	2.006s	0.721s	15	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.383s (-25.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.624s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.451s (-23.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.556s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.563s (-0.7%)	4.176s (-4.0%)	1.613s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.678s (+8.9% 🔺)	3.983s (-4.5%)	1.305s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.756s (-6.0% 🟢)	4.388s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.632s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.196s (-48.9% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.814s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.222s (-47.7% 🟢)	2.010s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.788s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.378s	2.010s	0.632s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.942s (-38.0% 🟢)	2.393s (-36.4% 🟢)	0.451s	13	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.000s	2.735s	0.735s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.030s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-35.5% 🟢)	0.478s	12	1.70x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.630s (+12.3% 🔺)	5.030s (-0.9%)	1.400s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.761s (+17.8% 🔺)	5.598s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.837s	6	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.144s (+31.9% 🔺)	5.762s (+27.4% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.302s (-62.8% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.705s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.337s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.672s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.649s	2.009s	0.360s	15	1.27x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.437s (-40.5% 🟢)	6.012s (-40.0% 🟢)	0.575s	5	4.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.524s	5.680s	0.156s	6	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	6.274s (-28.7% 🟢)	6.816s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.542s	5	4.82x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.391s (+5.9% 🔺)	7.313s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.921s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.547s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.272s (-11.1% 🟢)	1.725s	5	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.130s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.973s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.843s	4	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.447s (-46.7% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.6%)	0.559s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.464s (-52.6% 🟢)	1.004s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.540s	60	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.474s (-42.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.533s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.480s (-51.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.524s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.690s	1.006s	0.317s	60	1.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.743s	1.004s	0.261s	60	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.259s (-72.3% 🟢)	7.059s (-66.9% 🟢)	1.800s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.302s (-76.0% 🟢)	6.721s (-72.0% 🟢)	1.420s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.485s (-62.2% 🟢)	7.218s (-55.1% 🟢)	1.733s	9	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.019s (-48.4% 🟢)	1.391s (-38.4% 🟢)	0.372s	65	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.094s (-43.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-4.4%)	0.915s	45	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.172s (-61.4% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.834s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.209s (-59.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-44.1% 🟢)	0.796s	45	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.647s	2.009s	0.362s	45	1.62x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.824s	2.028s	0.204s	45	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	13.084s (-62.1% 🟢)	15.173s (-58.8% 🟢)	2.090s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.280s (-73.3% 🟢)	15.176s (-70.7% 🟢)	1.897s	6	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	13.367s (-66.1% 🟢)	14.944s (-63.8% 🟢)	1.577s	7	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.024s (-49.3% 🟢)	2.407s (-44.9% 🟢)	0.383s	50	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.272s (-44.6% 🟢)	3.060s (-33.5% 🟢)	0.788s	40	1.12x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.737s (-70.6% 🟢)	3.032s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.296s	40	1.35x
💻 Local	Express	2.755s (-70.1% 🟢)	3.033s (-69.7% 🟢)	0.278s	40	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.227s	4.009s	0.783s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s	4.074s	0.239s	30	1.89x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	27.369s (-71.8% 🟢)	28.920s (-70.6% 🟢)	1.551s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	29.099s (-72.8% 🟢)	31.373s (-71.2% 🟢)	2.275s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.099s (-77.6% 🟢)	31.182s (-76.4% 🟢)	2.083s	4	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.166s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.840s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.183s (-35.4% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.824s	60	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.241s	1.006s	0.765s	60	1.46x
💻 Local	Express	0.385s (-31.4% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.620s	60	2.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.431s (-28.7% 🟢)	1.005s (-1.7%)	0.573s	60	2.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.532s	1.004s	0.472s	60	3.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.406s (+44.8% 🔺)	3.966s (+18.3% 🔺)	1.560s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.538s (+25.5% 🔺)	4.287s (+13.0% 🔺)	1.749s	14	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.079s (+57.6% 🔺)	4.790s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.711s	13	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.285s (-44.0% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.720s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.326s (-34.2% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.681s	90	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.467s	1.006s	0.540s	90	1.63x
💻 Local	Express	2.134s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.767s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.633s	33	7.48x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.154s (-15.1% 🟢)	2.853s (-5.2% 🟢)	0.698s	32	7.55x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s	2.883s	0.714s	32	7.60x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.895s (+93.5% 🔺)	7.672s (+59.6% 🔺)	1.776s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.062s (+87.9% 🔺)	7.550s (+56.6% 🔺)	1.488s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.774s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.444s (+62.6% 🔺)	1.670s	11	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.591s (-27.8% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.415s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.691s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.316s	120	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.965s	1.403s	0.437s	86	1.63x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.067s	10.776s	0.709s	12	17.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.136s (-9.4% 🟢)	10.610s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.474s	12	17.16x
💻 Local	Express	10.224s (-8.6% 🟢)	10.940s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.716s	11	17.30x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.844s (+66.3% 🔺)	14.428s (+53.5% 🔺)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.407s (+58.9% 🔺)	18.261s (+48.6% 🔺)	1.854s	8	1.28x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.683s (+124.8% 🔺)	18.676s (+102.0% 🔺)	1.993s	7	1.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.124s (+447.8% 🔺)	2.001s (+100.4% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.133s (+430.3% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.011s (-13.6% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.1% 🔺)	0.885s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.134s (+469.6% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.886s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.146s (+458.8% 🔺)	1.999s (+100.0% 🔺)	0.002s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.866s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.182s	2.003s	0.010s	2.017s	0.835s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.205s	2.001s	0.001s	2.011s	0.806s	10	1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.155s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.346s (-36.6% 🟢)	1.700s (+129.0% 🔺)	5.442s (-16.1% 🟢)	3.288s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.222s (-11.3% 🟢)	3.575s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.758s (+82.9% 🔺)	5.859s (+4.8%)	3.638s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.385s (-65.2% 🟢)	3.504s (-59.5% 🟢)	1.922s (+204.1% 🔺)	5.966s (-39.0% 🟢)	3.582s	10	1.11x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.500s (+138.0% 🔺)	2.002s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.8%)	2.025s (+97.9% 🔺)	0.525s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.519s (+81.1% 🔺)	2.013s (+98.9% 🔺)	0.010s (+2.5%)	2.024s (+81.4% 🔺)	0.505s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.642s (+163.1% 🔺)	2.006s (+99.2% 🔺)	0.004s (+1.6%)	2.028s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.386s	30	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.720s	2.010s	0.004s	2.027s	0.307s	30	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	1.940s (+156.3% 🔺)	2.011s (+95.5% 🔺)	0.010s (+1.1%)	2.424s (+133.1% 🔺)	0.484s	25	1.29x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.032s	2.010s	0.008s	2.392s	0.361s	27	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	5.962s (-64.8% 🟢)	7.181s (-60.6% 🟢)	1.085s (+413.7% 🔺)	8.768s (-53.7% 🟢)	2.806s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.985s (-8.0% 🟢)	7.368s (-8.0% 🟢)	0.331s (-19.0% 🟢)	8.209s (-7.1% 🟢)	2.224s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.191s (-79.0% 🟢)	7.347s (-76.1% 🟢)	0.198s (+76.6% 🔺)	7.965s (-74.9% 🟢)	1.774s	8	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.643s (-33.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-20.7% 🟢)	0.000s (-61.0% 🟢)	1.031s (-21.1% 🟢)	0.388s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.715s (-26.2% 🟢)	1.032s (-17.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+24.1% 🔺)	1.043s (-17.1% 🟢)	0.327s	58	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.773s	1.053s	0.000s	1.062s	0.288s	57	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.348s (+10.0% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.017s (~)	0.669s	30	2.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (+11.3% 🔺)	2.015s (~)	0.000s (+233.3% 🔺)	2.018s (~)	0.657s	30	2.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.422s	2.015s	0.001s	2.018s	0.596s	30	2.21x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.876s (+3.6%)	5.222s (+2.3%)	0.001s (+200.0% 🔺)	5.770s (+4.3%)	1.894s	11	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.238s (+38.9% 🔺)	5.308s (+20.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.767s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.529s	11	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.380s (-57.0% 🟢)	5.453s (-52.7% 🟢)	0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.071s (-49.6% 🟢)	1.691s	10	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.218s (-31.2% 🟢)	1.871s (-14.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.893s (-13.9% 🟢)	0.674s	32	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.472s (-17.8% 🟢)	2.102s (-1.8%)	0.000s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.114s (-2.8%)	0.642s	29	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.745s	2.262s	0.000s	2.269s	0.524s	27	1.43x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.777s	3.362s	0.001s	3.366s	0.588s	18	2.28x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.096s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.905s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-53.1% 🟢)	3.907s (-3.2%)	0.811s	16	2.54x
💻 Local	Express	3.156s (-9.0% 🟢)	3.966s (-1.7%)	0.000s (-76.6% 🟢)	3.969s (-1.7%)	0.813s	16	2.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.728s (+39.9% 🔺)	6.988s (+30.0% 🔺)	0.001s (+307.4% 🔺)	7.378s (+27.3% 🔺)	1.650s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.736s (+25.0% 🔺)	7.157s (+18.8% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.635s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.900s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.944s (+23.6% 🔺)	8.287s (+18.7% 🔺)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	8.783s (+16.5% 🔺)	1.839s	8	1.21x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/21
🐘 Postgres	Express	20/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	19/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	15/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	13/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

😱

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[VaguelySerious]

Actually this is already in the dep chain and that's on us, need to fix that separately. Fine for now since it doesn't change anything in practice

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2224. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)