[world-local] Reduce stream metadata I/O

[pranaygp]

Summary

• read only the one-byte EOF marker when getInfo(), paginated getChunks(), or negative-index resolution do not need stream payload bytes
• scan the stream chunks directory once per lookup while preserving legacy, untagged, and tagged-file precedence
• add focused coverage for the first-byte filesystem helper and a patch changeset for @workflow/world-local

Performance

Local micro-benchmark using a completed stream containing 64 x 1 MiB chunks, calling getInfo() 20 times:

Version	Time per call
Before	16.40 ms
After	3.40-3.58 ms

This is approximately a 4.7x improvement for the measured metadata-read path.

Testing

• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test (8 test files, 352 tests passed)
• pnpm exec biome check packages/world-local/src/fs.ts packages/world-local/src/fs.test.ts packages/world-local/src/streamer.ts .changeset/quieter-stream-metadata.md (passes; reports existing complexity warnings in previously complex functions)
• git diff --check

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 21bfb77

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-7.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.958s	10	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.061s	1.006s	0.945s	10	1.53x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.061s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.069s	1.012s	0.943s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.333s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.944s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.610s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.383s (+62.6% 🔺)	2.302s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.919s	10	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.088s (-3.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.093s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.105s (-3.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.110s (-2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.131s	2.006s	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.151s	2.011s	0.861s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.793s (-53.9% 🟢)	3.460s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.667s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.896s (+2.3%)	2.053s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.504s (-4.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.518s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.515s (-3.3%)	11.019s (~)	0.504s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.528s (-4.0%)	11.017s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.538s (-3.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.774s	11.022s	0.248s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.922s	11.353s	0.431s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.249s (-40.0% 🟢)	16.050s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.801s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.142s (-4.9%)	18.282s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.140s	2	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.684s (-9.1% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.343s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.709s (-6.1% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.311s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.815s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.212s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.863s (-4.9%)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.153s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.271s	15.030s	0.758s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.454s	15.018s	0.564s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	23.476s (-53.3% 🟢)	25.627s (-51.2% 🟢)	2.151s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.543s (-63.5% 🟢)	25.556s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.013s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.339s (-11.7% 🟢)	13.018s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.679s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.344s (-11.9% 🟢)	13.021s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.677s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.364s (-26.3% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.661s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.519s (-24.6% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.506s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.688s	14.027s	0.339s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.823s	14.018s	0.195s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	35.535s (-91.6% 🟢)	37.656s (-91.1% 🟢)	2.121s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	37.101s (-69.4% 🟢)	39.873s (-67.8% 🟢)	2.771s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.167s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.841s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.175s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.833s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.195s (-19.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.811s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.221s (-25.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.785s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.008s	0.768s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.694s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.857s (~)	5.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.184s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.487s (+23.7% 🔺)	5.050s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.563s	6	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.236s (-47.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.771s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.248s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.760s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.410s	2.008s	0.598s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.708s (-45.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.297s	15	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.222s	0.343s	14	1.52x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (-35.3% 🟢)	2.292s (-33.6% 🟢)	0.382s	14	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.842s (+6.1% 🔺)	5.422s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.580s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.332s (+6.9% 🔺)	5.828s (-1.6%)	1.496s	6	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.361s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.383s (-60.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.625s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.780s	2.224s	0.444s	14	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.954s (-40.7% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.558s	6	3.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.522s	6.214s	0.692s	5	4.06x
💻 Local	Express	5.581s (-33.1% 🟢)	6.015s (-33.4% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.401s (+27.4% 🔺)	7.171s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.770s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.712s (+62.0% 🔺)	7.975s (+44.1% 🔺)	2.263s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.174s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.834s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-6.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.008s	0.751s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s	2.006s	0.679s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.483s (-20.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.523s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.511s (-20.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.495s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.838s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.064s (-2.5%)	1.226s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.070s (+18.9% 🔺)	4.425s (+1.7%)	1.354s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.239s (-47.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.239s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.769s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.007s	0.582s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.006s	2.592s	0.586s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.068s (-32.5% 🟢)	2.509s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.441s	12	1.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.075s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.434s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.627s (+12.2% 🔺)	5.372s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.746s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.718s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.799s (+21.0% 🔺)	2.082s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.368s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.766s	2.509s	0.743s	12	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.790s (-47.6% 🟢)	5.512s (-45.0% 🟢)	0.723s	6	3.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.800s	6.415s	0.615s	5	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	5.981s (-32.0% 🟢)	6.417s (-30.8% 🟢)	0.436s	5	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.958s (-2.6%)	7.012s (+2.9%)	2.054s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.388s (-16.0% 🟢)	7.537s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.148s	4	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.551s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.473s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.567s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.457s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.581s (-40.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.424s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (-39.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.413s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.833s	1.007s	0.174s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.832s (-73.6% 🟢)	7.755s (-67.7% 🟢)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.067s (-68.1% 🟢)	8.221s (-61.5% 🟢)	2.154s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.331s (-32.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.677s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.340s (-30.5% 🟢)	2.030s (-3.4%)	0.690s	45	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.460s (-51.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.546s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.028s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.476s	45	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.963s	2.228s	0.266s	41	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.034s	2.795s	0.762s	33	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.272s (-66.4% 🟢)	15.036s (-63.6% 🟢)	1.765s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.292s (-58.6% 🟢)	16.229s (-55.9% 🟢)	1.936s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.566s (-37.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.467s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.645s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.059s (-30.0% 🟢)	0.414s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.188s (-65.4% 🟢)	3.912s (-61.0% 🟢)	0.723s	31	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.193s (-65.7% 🟢)	3.977s (-60.3% 🟢)	0.784s	31	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.911s	4.183s	0.273s	29	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.259s	5.011s	0.752s	24	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.684s (-70.4% 🟢)	31.108s (-68.4% 🟢)	2.424s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.493s (-77.3% 🟢)	32.416s (-75.5% 🟢)	2.923s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.214s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.792s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.216s (-23.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.790s	60	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.305s	1.024s	0.719s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.434s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.570s	60	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.442s (-21.2% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.563s	60	2.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.549s	1.021s	0.473s	59	2.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.669s (+36.6% 🔺)	4.541s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.871s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	36.388s (+2090.8% 🔺)	38.007s (+1034.2% 🔺)	1.619s	9	13.63x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.325s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.681s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.360s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.651s	90	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.006s	0.498s	90	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.110s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.545s	34	6.49x
💻 Local	Express	2.152s (-14.4% 🟢)	2.685s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.533s	34	6.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	3.077s	0.743s	30	7.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.521s (+81.2% 🔺)	7.527s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.007s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.555s (+134.2% 🔺)	9.015s (+87.0% 🔺)	1.460s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.356s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.667s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.339s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.021s	1.826s	0.805s	66	1.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.712s (-13.2% 🟢)	10.111s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.399s	12	14.94x
💻 Local	Express	9.888s (-11.6% 🟢)	10.361s (-13.2% 🟢)	0.473s	12	15.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.474s	11.301s	0.827s	11	16.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.446s (+100.0% 🔺)	17.239s (+83.4% 🔺)	1.793s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.105s (+197.9% 🔺)	24.363s (+163.5% 🔺)	2.257s	5	1.43x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (+461.5% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.859s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.158s (+464.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (+483.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+4.1%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.857s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.173s (+448.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-19.2% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.844s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.202s	2.003s	0.012s	2.019s	0.817s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.002s	0.002s	2.012s	0.768s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.297s (-8.3% 🟢)	3.658s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.591s (+65.5% 🔺)	5.720s (+2.3%)	3.422s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.800s (-26.9% 🟢)	3.700s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.754s (+136.3% 🔺)	5.982s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.181s	10	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (+151.9% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.452s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.586s (+89.0% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.5% 🔺)	2.023s (+81.3% 🔺)	0.437s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.586s (+151.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-1.7%)	2.026s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.440s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.592s (+110.2% 🔺)	2.009s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+5.2% 🔺)	2.021s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.430s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.716s	2.009s	0.010s	2.023s	0.307s	30	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.785s	2.011s	0.004s	2.027s	0.242s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.264s (-3.7%)	7.688s (-4.0%)	0.659s (+61.2% 🔺)	8.839s (~)	2.576s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.396s (-78.3% 🟢)	7.615s (-75.3% 🟢)	0.174s (+55.1% 🔺)	8.181s (-74.3% 🟢)	1.785s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.689s (-28.3% 🟢)	1.032s (-19.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.353s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.701s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.065s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-57.9% 🟢)	1.078s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.377s	57	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.869s	1.155s	0.000s	1.162s	0.293s	52	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.373s (+12.3% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+533.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.643s	30	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (+13.4% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.626s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.487s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.529s	30	2.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.188s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.803s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.001s (+285.0% 🔺)	6.378s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.190s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.225s (+38.5% 🔺)	5.314s (+21.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.744s (+19.5% 🔺)	1.520s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.255s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.965s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.986s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.731s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.397s (-21.2% 🟢)	2.141s (-1.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.156s (-1.9%)	0.760s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.743s	2.225s	0.000s	2.245s	0.502s	27	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.771s	3.357s	0.001s	3.364s	0.594s	18	2.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.839s (-4.8%)	0.000s (-60.9% 🟢)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.780s	16	2.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.590s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.955s (-1.9%)	0.001s (+60.7% 🔺)	4.317s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.727s	14	2.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.272s (+28.8% 🔺)	7.063s (+31.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.594s (+31.1% 🔺)	2.322s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.741s (+25.2% 🔺)	7.413s (+23.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.926s (+22.7% 🔺)	2.184s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1254	1	219	1474
✅ 💻 Local Development	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 📦 Local Production	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🪟 Windows	134	0	0	134
✅ 📋 Other	762	0	176	938
Total	7121	1	1052	8174

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KSR2TF938VH9SGPP92BGP028 | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	108	0	26
✅ example	108	0	26
✅ express	108	0	26
✅ fastify	108	0	26
✅ hono	108	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	132	0	2
❌ nextjs-webpack	131	1	2
✅ nitro	108	0	26
✅ nuxt	108	0	26
✅ sveltekit	127	0	7
✅ vite	108	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	134	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Copilot encountered an error and was unable to review this pull request. You can try again by re-requesting a review.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2148. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• read only the one-byte EOF marker when getInfo(), paginated getChunks(), or negative-index resolution do not need stream payload bytes
• scan the stream chunks directory once per lookup while preserving legacy, untagged, and tagged-file precedence
• add focused coverage for the first-byte filesystem helper and a patch changeset for @workflow/world-local

Performance

Local micro-benchmark using a completed stream containing 64 x 1 MiB chunks, calling getInfo() 20 times:

Version	Time per call
Before	16.40 ms
After	3.40-3.58 ms

This is approximately a 4.7x improvement for the measured metadata-read path.

Testing

• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test (8 test files, 352 tests passed)
• pnpm exec biome check packages/world-local/src/fs.ts packages/world-local/src/fs.test.ts packages/world-local/src/streamer.ts .changeset/quieter-stream-metadata.md (passes; reports existing complexity warnings in previously complex functions)
• git diff --check

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 21bfb77

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-7.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.958s	10	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.061s	1.006s	0.945s	10	1.53x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.061s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.069s	1.012s	0.943s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.333s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.944s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.610s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.383s (+62.6% 🔺)	2.302s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.919s	10	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.088s (-3.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.093s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.105s (-3.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.110s (-2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.131s	2.006s	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.151s	2.011s	0.861s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.793s (-53.9% 🟢)	3.460s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.667s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.896s (+2.3%)	2.053s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.504s (-4.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.518s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.515s (-3.3%)	11.019s (~)	0.504s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.528s (-4.0%)	11.017s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.538s (-3.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.774s	11.022s	0.248s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.922s	11.353s	0.431s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.249s (-40.0% 🟢)	16.050s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.801s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.142s (-4.9%)	18.282s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.140s	2	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.684s (-9.1% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.343s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.709s (-6.1% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.311s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.815s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.212s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.863s (-4.9%)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.153s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.271s	15.030s	0.758s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.454s	15.018s	0.564s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	23.476s (-53.3% 🟢)	25.627s (-51.2% 🟢)	2.151s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.543s (-63.5% 🟢)	25.556s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.013s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.339s (-11.7% 🟢)	13.018s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.679s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.344s (-11.9% 🟢)	13.021s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.677s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.364s (-26.3% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.661s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.519s (-24.6% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.506s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.688s	14.027s	0.339s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.823s	14.018s	0.195s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	35.535s (-91.6% 🟢)	37.656s (-91.1% 🟢)	2.121s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	37.101s (-69.4% 🟢)	39.873s (-67.8% 🟢)	2.771s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.167s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.841s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.175s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.833s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.195s (-19.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.811s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.221s (-25.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.785s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.008s	0.768s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.694s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.857s (~)	5.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.184s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.487s (+23.7% 🔺)	5.050s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.563s	6	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.236s (-47.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.771s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.248s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.760s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.410s	2.008s	0.598s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.708s (-45.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.297s	15	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.222s	0.343s	14	1.52x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (-35.3% 🟢)	2.292s (-33.6% 🟢)	0.382s	14	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.842s (+6.1% 🔺)	5.422s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.580s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.332s (+6.9% 🔺)	5.828s (-1.6%)	1.496s	6	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.361s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.383s (-60.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.625s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.780s	2.224s	0.444s	14	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.954s (-40.7% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.558s	6	3.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.522s	6.214s	0.692s	5	4.06x
💻 Local	Express	5.581s (-33.1% 🟢)	6.015s (-33.4% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.401s (+27.4% 🔺)	7.171s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.770s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.712s (+62.0% 🔺)	7.975s (+44.1% 🔺)	2.263s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.174s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.834s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-6.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.008s	0.751s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s	2.006s	0.679s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.483s (-20.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.523s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.511s (-20.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.495s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.838s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.064s (-2.5%)	1.226s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.070s (+18.9% 🔺)	4.425s (+1.7%)	1.354s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.239s (-47.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.239s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.769s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.007s	0.582s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.006s	2.592s	0.586s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.068s (-32.5% 🟢)	2.509s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.441s	12	1.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.075s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.434s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.627s (+12.2% 🔺)	5.372s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.746s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.718s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.799s (+21.0% 🔺)	2.082s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.368s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.766s	2.509s	0.743s	12	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.790s (-47.6% 🟢)	5.512s (-45.0% 🟢)	0.723s	6	3.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.800s	6.415s	0.615s	5	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	5.981s (-32.0% 🟢)	6.417s (-30.8% 🟢)	0.436s	5	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.958s (-2.6%)	7.012s (+2.9%)	2.054s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.388s (-16.0% 🟢)	7.537s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.148s	4	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.551s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.473s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.567s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.457s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.581s (-40.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.424s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (-39.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.413s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.833s	1.007s	0.174s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.832s (-73.6% 🟢)	7.755s (-67.7% 🟢)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.067s (-68.1% 🟢)	8.221s (-61.5% 🟢)	2.154s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.331s (-32.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.677s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.340s (-30.5% 🟢)	2.030s (-3.4%)	0.690s	45	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.460s (-51.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.546s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.028s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.476s	45	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.963s	2.228s	0.266s	41	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.034s	2.795s	0.762s	33	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.272s (-66.4% 🟢)	15.036s (-63.6% 🟢)	1.765s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.292s (-58.6% 🟢)	16.229s (-55.9% 🟢)	1.936s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.566s (-37.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.467s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.645s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.059s (-30.0% 🟢)	0.414s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.188s (-65.4% 🟢)	3.912s (-61.0% 🟢)	0.723s	31	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.193s (-65.7% 🟢)	3.977s (-60.3% 🟢)	0.784s	31	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.911s	4.183s	0.273s	29	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.259s	5.011s	0.752s	24	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.684s (-70.4% 🟢)	31.108s (-68.4% 🟢)	2.424s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.493s (-77.3% 🟢)	32.416s (-75.5% 🟢)	2.923s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.214s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.792s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.216s (-23.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.790s	60	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.305s	1.024s	0.719s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.434s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.570s	60	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.442s (-21.2% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.563s	60	2.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.549s	1.021s	0.473s	59	2.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.669s (+36.6% 🔺)	4.541s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.871s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	36.388s (+2090.8% 🔺)	38.007s (+1034.2% 🔺)	1.619s	9	13.63x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.325s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.681s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.360s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.651s	90	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.006s	0.498s	90	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.110s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.545s	34	6.49x
💻 Local	Express	2.152s (-14.4% 🟢)	2.685s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.533s	34	6.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	3.077s	0.743s	30	7.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.521s (+81.2% 🔺)	7.527s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.007s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.555s (+134.2% 🔺)	9.015s (+87.0% 🔺)	1.460s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.356s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.667s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.339s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.021s	1.826s	0.805s	66	1.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.712s (-13.2% 🟢)	10.111s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.399s	12	14.94x
💻 Local	Express	9.888s (-11.6% 🟢)	10.361s (-13.2% 🟢)	0.473s	12	15.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.474s	11.301s	0.827s	11	16.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.446s (+100.0% 🔺)	17.239s (+83.4% 🔺)	1.793s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.105s (+197.9% 🔺)	24.363s (+163.5% 🔺)	2.257s	5	1.43x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (+461.5% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.859s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.158s (+464.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (+483.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+4.1%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.857s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.173s (+448.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-19.2% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.844s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.202s	2.003s	0.012s	2.019s	0.817s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.002s	0.002s	2.012s	0.768s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.297s (-8.3% 🟢)	3.658s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.591s (+65.5% 🔺)	5.720s (+2.3%)	3.422s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.800s (-26.9% 🟢)	3.700s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.754s (+136.3% 🔺)	5.982s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.181s	10	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (+151.9% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.452s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.586s (+89.0% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.5% 🔺)	2.023s (+81.3% 🔺)	0.437s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.586s (+151.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-1.7%)	2.026s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.440s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.592s (+110.2% 🔺)	2.009s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+5.2% 🔺)	2.021s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.430s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.716s	2.009s	0.010s	2.023s	0.307s	30	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.785s	2.011s	0.004s	2.027s	0.242s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.264s (-3.7%)	7.688s (-4.0%)	0.659s (+61.2% 🔺)	8.839s (~)	2.576s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.396s (-78.3% 🟢)	7.615s (-75.3% 🟢)	0.174s (+55.1% 🔺)	8.181s (-74.3% 🟢)	1.785s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.689s (-28.3% 🟢)	1.032s (-19.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.353s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.701s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.065s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-57.9% 🟢)	1.078s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.377s	57	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.869s	1.155s	0.000s	1.162s	0.293s	52	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.373s (+12.3% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+533.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.643s	30	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (+13.4% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.626s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.487s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.529s	30	2.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.188s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.803s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.001s (+285.0% 🔺)	6.378s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.190s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.225s (+38.5% 🔺)	5.314s (+21.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.744s (+19.5% 🔺)	1.520s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.255s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.965s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.986s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.731s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.397s (-21.2% 🟢)	2.141s (-1.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.156s (-1.9%)	0.760s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.743s	2.225s	0.000s	2.245s	0.502s	27	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.771s	3.357s	0.001s	3.364s	0.594s	18	2.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.839s (-4.8%)	0.000s (-60.9% 🟢)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.780s	16	2.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.590s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.955s (-1.9%)	0.001s (+60.7% 🔺)	4.317s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.727s	14	2.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.272s (+28.8% 🔺)	7.063s (+31.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.594s (+31.1% 🔺)	2.322s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.741s (+25.2% 🔺)	7.413s (+23.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.926s (+22.7% 🔺)	2.184s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1254	1	219	1474
✅ 💻 Local Development	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 📦 Local Production	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🪟 Windows	134	0	0	134
✅ 📋 Other	762	0	176	938
Total	7121	1	1052	8174

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KSR2TF938VH9SGPP92BGP028 | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	108	0	26
✅ example	108	0	26
✅ express	108	0	26
✅ fastify	108	0	26
✅ hono	108	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	132	0	2
❌ nextjs-webpack	131	1	2
✅ nitro	108	0	26
✅ nuxt	108	0	26
✅ sveltekit	127	0	7
✅ vite	108	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	134	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Copilot encountered an error and was unable to review this pull request. You can try again by re-requesting a review.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2148. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• read only the one-byte EOF marker when getInfo(), paginated getChunks(), or negative-index resolution do not need stream payload bytes
• scan the stream chunks directory once per lookup while preserving legacy, untagged, and tagged-file precedence
• add focused coverage for the first-byte filesystem helper and a patch changeset for @workflow/world-local

Performance

Local micro-benchmark using a completed stream containing 64 x 1 MiB chunks, calling getInfo() 20 times:

Version	Time per call
Before	16.40 ms
After	3.40-3.58 ms

This is approximately a 4.7x improvement for the measured metadata-read path.

Testing

• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test (8 test files, 352 tests passed)
• pnpm exec biome check packages/world-local/src/fs.ts packages/world-local/src/fs.test.ts packages/world-local/src/streamer.ts .changeset/quieter-stream-metadata.md (passes; reports existing complexity warnings in previously complex functions)
• git diff --check

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 21bfb77

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-7.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.958s	10	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.061s	1.006s	0.945s	10	1.53x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.061s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.069s	1.012s	0.943s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.333s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.944s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.610s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.383s (+62.6% 🔺)	2.302s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.919s	10	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.088s (-3.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.093s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.105s (-3.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.110s (-2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.131s	2.006s	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.151s	2.011s	0.861s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.793s (-53.9% 🟢)	3.460s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.667s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.896s (+2.3%)	2.053s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.504s (-4.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.518s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.515s (-3.3%)	11.019s (~)	0.504s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.528s (-4.0%)	11.017s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.538s (-3.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.774s	11.022s	0.248s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.922s	11.353s	0.431s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.249s (-40.0% 🟢)	16.050s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.801s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.142s (-4.9%)	18.282s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.140s	2	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.684s (-9.1% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.343s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.709s (-6.1% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.311s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.815s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.212s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.863s (-4.9%)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.153s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.271s	15.030s	0.758s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.454s	15.018s	0.564s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	23.476s (-53.3% 🟢)	25.627s (-51.2% 🟢)	2.151s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.543s (-63.5% 🟢)	25.556s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.013s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.339s (-11.7% 🟢)	13.018s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.679s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.344s (-11.9% 🟢)	13.021s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.677s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.364s (-26.3% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.661s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.519s (-24.6% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.506s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.688s	14.027s	0.339s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.823s	14.018s	0.195s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	35.535s (-91.6% 🟢)	37.656s (-91.1% 🟢)	2.121s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	37.101s (-69.4% 🟢)	39.873s (-67.8% 🟢)	2.771s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.167s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.841s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.175s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.833s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.195s (-19.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.811s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.221s (-25.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.785s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.008s	0.768s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.694s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.857s (~)	5.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.184s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.487s (+23.7% 🔺)	5.050s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.563s	6	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.236s (-47.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.771s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.248s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.760s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.410s	2.008s	0.598s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.708s (-45.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.297s	15	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.222s	0.343s	14	1.52x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (-35.3% 🟢)	2.292s (-33.6% 🟢)	0.382s	14	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.842s (+6.1% 🔺)	5.422s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.580s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.332s (+6.9% 🔺)	5.828s (-1.6%)	1.496s	6	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.361s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.383s (-60.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.625s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.780s	2.224s	0.444s	14	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.954s (-40.7% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.558s	6	3.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.522s	6.214s	0.692s	5	4.06x
💻 Local	Express	5.581s (-33.1% 🟢)	6.015s (-33.4% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.401s (+27.4% 🔺)	7.171s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.770s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.712s (+62.0% 🔺)	7.975s (+44.1% 🔺)	2.263s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.174s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.834s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-6.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.008s	0.751s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s	2.006s	0.679s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.483s (-20.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.523s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.511s (-20.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.495s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.838s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.064s (-2.5%)	1.226s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.070s (+18.9% 🔺)	4.425s (+1.7%)	1.354s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.239s (-47.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.239s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.769s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.007s	0.582s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.006s	2.592s	0.586s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.068s (-32.5% 🟢)	2.509s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.441s	12	1.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.075s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.434s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.627s (+12.2% 🔺)	5.372s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.746s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.718s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.799s (+21.0% 🔺)	2.082s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.368s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.766s	2.509s	0.743s	12	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.790s (-47.6% 🟢)	5.512s (-45.0% 🟢)	0.723s	6	3.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.800s	6.415s	0.615s	5	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	5.981s (-32.0% 🟢)	6.417s (-30.8% 🟢)	0.436s	5	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.958s (-2.6%)	7.012s (+2.9%)	2.054s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.388s (-16.0% 🟢)	7.537s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.148s	4	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.551s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.473s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.567s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.457s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.581s (-40.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.424s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (-39.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.413s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.833s	1.007s	0.174s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.832s (-73.6% 🟢)	7.755s (-67.7% 🟢)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.067s (-68.1% 🟢)	8.221s (-61.5% 🟢)	2.154s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.331s (-32.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.677s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.340s (-30.5% 🟢)	2.030s (-3.4%)	0.690s	45	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.460s (-51.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.546s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.028s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.476s	45	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.963s	2.228s	0.266s	41	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.034s	2.795s	0.762s	33	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.272s (-66.4% 🟢)	15.036s (-63.6% 🟢)	1.765s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.292s (-58.6% 🟢)	16.229s (-55.9% 🟢)	1.936s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.566s (-37.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.467s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.645s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.059s (-30.0% 🟢)	0.414s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.188s (-65.4% 🟢)	3.912s (-61.0% 🟢)	0.723s	31	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.193s (-65.7% 🟢)	3.977s (-60.3% 🟢)	0.784s	31	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.911s	4.183s	0.273s	29	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.259s	5.011s	0.752s	24	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.684s (-70.4% 🟢)	31.108s (-68.4% 🟢)	2.424s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.493s (-77.3% 🟢)	32.416s (-75.5% 🟢)	2.923s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.214s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.792s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.216s (-23.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.790s	60	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.305s	1.024s	0.719s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.434s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.570s	60	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.442s (-21.2% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.563s	60	2.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.549s	1.021s	0.473s	59	2.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.669s (+36.6% 🔺)	4.541s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.871s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	36.388s (+2090.8% 🔺)	38.007s (+1034.2% 🔺)	1.619s	9	13.63x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.325s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.681s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.360s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.651s	90	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.006s	0.498s	90	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.110s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.545s	34	6.49x
💻 Local	Express	2.152s (-14.4% 🟢)	2.685s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.533s	34	6.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	3.077s	0.743s	30	7.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.521s (+81.2% 🔺)	7.527s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.007s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.555s (+134.2% 🔺)	9.015s (+87.0% 🔺)	1.460s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.356s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.667s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.339s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.021s	1.826s	0.805s	66	1.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.712s (-13.2% 🟢)	10.111s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.399s	12	14.94x
💻 Local	Express	9.888s (-11.6% 🟢)	10.361s (-13.2% 🟢)	0.473s	12	15.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.474s	11.301s	0.827s	11	16.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.446s (+100.0% 🔺)	17.239s (+83.4% 🔺)	1.793s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.105s (+197.9% 🔺)	24.363s (+163.5% 🔺)	2.257s	5	1.43x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (+461.5% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.859s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.158s (+464.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (+483.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+4.1%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.857s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.173s (+448.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-19.2% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.844s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.202s	2.003s	0.012s	2.019s	0.817s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.002s	0.002s	2.012s	0.768s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.297s (-8.3% 🟢)	3.658s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.591s (+65.5% 🔺)	5.720s (+2.3%)	3.422s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.800s (-26.9% 🟢)	3.700s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.754s (+136.3% 🔺)	5.982s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.181s	10	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (+151.9% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.452s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.586s (+89.0% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.5% 🔺)	2.023s (+81.3% 🔺)	0.437s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.586s (+151.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-1.7%)	2.026s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.440s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.592s (+110.2% 🔺)	2.009s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+5.2% 🔺)	2.021s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.430s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.716s	2.009s	0.010s	2.023s	0.307s	30	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.785s	2.011s	0.004s	2.027s	0.242s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.264s (-3.7%)	7.688s (-4.0%)	0.659s (+61.2% 🔺)	8.839s (~)	2.576s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.396s (-78.3% 🟢)	7.615s (-75.3% 🟢)	0.174s (+55.1% 🔺)	8.181s (-74.3% 🟢)	1.785s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.689s (-28.3% 🟢)	1.032s (-19.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.353s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.701s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.065s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-57.9% 🟢)	1.078s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.377s	57	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.869s	1.155s	0.000s	1.162s	0.293s	52	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.373s (+12.3% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+533.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.643s	30	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (+13.4% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.626s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.487s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.529s	30	2.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.188s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.803s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.001s (+285.0% 🔺)	6.378s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.190s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.225s (+38.5% 🔺)	5.314s (+21.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.744s (+19.5% 🔺)	1.520s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.255s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.965s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.986s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.731s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.397s (-21.2% 🟢)	2.141s (-1.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.156s (-1.9%)	0.760s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.743s	2.225s	0.000s	2.245s	0.502s	27	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.771s	3.357s	0.001s	3.364s	0.594s	18	2.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.839s (-4.8%)	0.000s (-60.9% 🟢)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.780s	16	2.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.590s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.955s (-1.9%)	0.001s (+60.7% 🔺)	4.317s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.727s	14	2.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.272s (+28.8% 🔺)	7.063s (+31.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.594s (+31.1% 🔺)	2.322s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.741s (+25.2% 🔺)	7.413s (+23.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.926s (+22.7% 🔺)	2.184s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1254	1	219	1474
✅ 💻 Local Development	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 📦 Local Production	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🪟 Windows	134	0	0	134
✅ 📋 Other	762	0	176	938
Total	7121	1	1052	8174

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KSR2TF938VH9SGPP92BGP028 | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	108	0	26
✅ example	108	0	26
✅ express	108	0	26
✅ fastify	108	0	26
✅ hono	108	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	132	0	2
❌ nextjs-webpack	131	1	2
✅ nitro	108	0	26
✅ nuxt	108	0	26
✅ sveltekit	127	0	7
✅ vite	108	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	134	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Copilot encountered an error and was unable to review this pull request. You can try again by re-requesting a review.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2148. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• read only the one-byte EOF marker when getInfo(), paginated getChunks(), or negative-index resolution do not need stream payload bytes
• scan the stream chunks directory once per lookup while preserving legacy, untagged, and tagged-file precedence
• add focused coverage for the first-byte filesystem helper and a patch changeset for @workflow/world-local

Performance

Local micro-benchmark using a completed stream containing 64 x 1 MiB chunks, calling getInfo() 20 times:

Version	Time per call
Before	16.40 ms
After	3.40-3.58 ms

This is approximately a 4.7x improvement for the measured metadata-read path.

Testing

• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test (8 test files, 352 tests passed)
• pnpm exec biome check packages/world-local/src/fs.ts packages/world-local/src/fs.test.ts packages/world-local/src/streamer.ts .changeset/quieter-stream-metadata.md (passes; reports existing complexity warnings in previously complex functions)
• git diff --check

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 21bfb77

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-7.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.958s	10	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.061s	1.006s	0.945s	10	1.53x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.061s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.069s	1.012s	0.943s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.333s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.944s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.610s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.383s (+62.6% 🔺)	2.302s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.919s	10	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.088s (-3.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.093s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.105s (-3.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.110s (-2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.131s	2.006s	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.151s	2.011s	0.861s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.793s (-53.9% 🟢)	3.460s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.667s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.896s (+2.3%)	2.053s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.504s (-4.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.518s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.515s (-3.3%)	11.019s (~)	0.504s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.528s (-4.0%)	11.017s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.538s (-3.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.774s	11.022s	0.248s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.922s	11.353s	0.431s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.249s (-40.0% 🟢)	16.050s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.801s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.142s (-4.9%)	18.282s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.140s	2	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.684s (-9.1% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.343s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.709s (-6.1% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.311s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.815s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.212s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.863s (-4.9%)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.153s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.271s	15.030s	0.758s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.454s	15.018s	0.564s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	23.476s (-53.3% 🟢)	25.627s (-51.2% 🟢)	2.151s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.543s (-63.5% 🟢)	25.556s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.013s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.339s (-11.7% 🟢)	13.018s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.679s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.344s (-11.9% 🟢)	13.021s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.677s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.364s (-26.3% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.661s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.519s (-24.6% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.506s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.688s	14.027s	0.339s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.823s	14.018s	0.195s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	35.535s (-91.6% 🟢)	37.656s (-91.1% 🟢)	2.121s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	37.101s (-69.4% 🟢)	39.873s (-67.8% 🟢)	2.771s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.167s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.841s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.175s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.833s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.195s (-19.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.811s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.221s (-25.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.785s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.008s	0.768s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.694s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.857s (~)	5.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.184s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.487s (+23.7% 🔺)	5.050s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.563s	6	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.236s (-47.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.771s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.248s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.760s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.410s	2.008s	0.598s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.708s (-45.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.297s	15	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.222s	0.343s	14	1.52x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (-35.3% 🟢)	2.292s (-33.6% 🟢)	0.382s	14	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.842s (+6.1% 🔺)	5.422s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.580s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.332s (+6.9% 🔺)	5.828s (-1.6%)	1.496s	6	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.361s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.383s (-60.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.625s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.780s	2.224s	0.444s	14	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.954s (-40.7% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.558s	6	3.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.522s	6.214s	0.692s	5	4.06x
💻 Local	Express	5.581s (-33.1% 🟢)	6.015s (-33.4% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.401s (+27.4% 🔺)	7.171s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.770s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.712s (+62.0% 🔺)	7.975s (+44.1% 🔺)	2.263s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.174s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.834s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-6.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.008s	0.751s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s	2.006s	0.679s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.483s (-20.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.523s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.511s (-20.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.495s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.838s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.064s (-2.5%)	1.226s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.070s (+18.9% 🔺)	4.425s (+1.7%)	1.354s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.239s (-47.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.239s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.769s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.007s	0.582s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.006s	2.592s	0.586s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.068s (-32.5% 🟢)	2.509s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.441s	12	1.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.075s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.434s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.627s (+12.2% 🔺)	5.372s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.746s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.718s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.799s (+21.0% 🔺)	2.082s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.368s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.766s	2.509s	0.743s	12	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.790s (-47.6% 🟢)	5.512s (-45.0% 🟢)	0.723s	6	3.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.800s	6.415s	0.615s	5	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	5.981s (-32.0% 🟢)	6.417s (-30.8% 🟢)	0.436s	5	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.958s (-2.6%)	7.012s (+2.9%)	2.054s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.388s (-16.0% 🟢)	7.537s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.148s	4	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.551s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.473s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.567s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.457s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.581s (-40.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.424s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (-39.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.413s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.833s	1.007s	0.174s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.832s (-73.6% 🟢)	7.755s (-67.7% 🟢)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.067s (-68.1% 🟢)	8.221s (-61.5% 🟢)	2.154s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.331s (-32.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.677s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.340s (-30.5% 🟢)	2.030s (-3.4%)	0.690s	45	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.460s (-51.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.546s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.028s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.476s	45	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.963s	2.228s	0.266s	41	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.034s	2.795s	0.762s	33	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.272s (-66.4% 🟢)	15.036s (-63.6% 🟢)	1.765s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.292s (-58.6% 🟢)	16.229s (-55.9% 🟢)	1.936s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.566s (-37.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.467s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.645s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.059s (-30.0% 🟢)	0.414s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.188s (-65.4% 🟢)	3.912s (-61.0% 🟢)	0.723s	31	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.193s (-65.7% 🟢)	3.977s (-60.3% 🟢)	0.784s	31	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.911s	4.183s	0.273s	29	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.259s	5.011s	0.752s	24	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.684s (-70.4% 🟢)	31.108s (-68.4% 🟢)	2.424s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.493s (-77.3% 🟢)	32.416s (-75.5% 🟢)	2.923s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.214s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.792s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.216s (-23.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.790s	60	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.305s	1.024s	0.719s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.434s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.570s	60	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.442s (-21.2% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.563s	60	2.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.549s	1.021s	0.473s	59	2.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.669s (+36.6% 🔺)	4.541s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.871s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	36.388s (+2090.8% 🔺)	38.007s (+1034.2% 🔺)	1.619s	9	13.63x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.325s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.681s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.360s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.651s	90	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.006s	0.498s	90	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.110s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.545s	34	6.49x
💻 Local	Express	2.152s (-14.4% 🟢)	2.685s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.533s	34	6.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	3.077s	0.743s	30	7.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.521s (+81.2% 🔺)	7.527s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.007s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.555s (+134.2% 🔺)	9.015s (+87.0% 🔺)	1.460s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.356s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.667s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.339s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.021s	1.826s	0.805s	66	1.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.712s (-13.2% 🟢)	10.111s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.399s	12	14.94x
💻 Local	Express	9.888s (-11.6% 🟢)	10.361s (-13.2% 🟢)	0.473s	12	15.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.474s	11.301s	0.827s	11	16.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.446s (+100.0% 🔺)	17.239s (+83.4% 🔺)	1.793s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.105s (+197.9% 🔺)	24.363s (+163.5% 🔺)	2.257s	5	1.43x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (+461.5% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.859s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.158s (+464.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (+483.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+4.1%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.857s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.173s (+448.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-19.2% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.844s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.202s	2.003s	0.012s	2.019s	0.817s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.002s	0.002s	2.012s	0.768s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.297s (-8.3% 🟢)	3.658s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.591s (+65.5% 🔺)	5.720s (+2.3%)	3.422s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.800s (-26.9% 🟢)	3.700s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.754s (+136.3% 🔺)	5.982s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.181s	10	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (+151.9% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.452s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.586s (+89.0% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.5% 🔺)	2.023s (+81.3% 🔺)	0.437s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.586s (+151.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-1.7%)	2.026s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.440s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.592s (+110.2% 🔺)	2.009s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+5.2% 🔺)	2.021s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.430s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.716s	2.009s	0.010s	2.023s	0.307s	30	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.785s	2.011s	0.004s	2.027s	0.242s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.264s (-3.7%)	7.688s (-4.0%)	0.659s (+61.2% 🔺)	8.839s (~)	2.576s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.396s (-78.3% 🟢)	7.615s (-75.3% 🟢)	0.174s (+55.1% 🔺)	8.181s (-74.3% 🟢)	1.785s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.689s (-28.3% 🟢)	1.032s (-19.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.353s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.701s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.065s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-57.9% 🟢)	1.078s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.377s	57	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.869s	1.155s	0.000s	1.162s	0.293s	52	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.373s (+12.3% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+533.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.643s	30	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (+13.4% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.626s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.487s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.529s	30	2.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.188s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.803s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.001s (+285.0% 🔺)	6.378s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.190s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.225s (+38.5% 🔺)	5.314s (+21.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.744s (+19.5% 🔺)	1.520s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.255s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.965s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.986s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.731s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.397s (-21.2% 🟢)	2.141s (-1.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.156s (-1.9%)	0.760s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.743s	2.225s	0.000s	2.245s	0.502s	27	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.771s	3.357s	0.001s	3.364s	0.594s	18	2.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.839s (-4.8%)	0.000s (-60.9% 🟢)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.780s	16	2.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.590s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.955s (-1.9%)	0.001s (+60.7% 🔺)	4.317s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.727s	14	2.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.272s (+28.8% 🔺)	7.063s (+31.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.594s (+31.1% 🔺)	2.322s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.741s (+25.2% 🔺)	7.413s (+23.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.926s (+22.7% 🔺)	2.184s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1254	1	219	1474
✅ 💻 Local Development	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 📦 Local Production	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🪟 Windows	134	0	0	134
✅ 📋 Other	762	0	176	938
Total	7121	1	1052	8174

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KSR2TF938VH9SGPP92BGP028 | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	108	0	26
✅ example	108	0	26
✅ express	108	0	26
✅ fastify	108	0	26
✅ hono	108	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	132	0	2
❌ nextjs-webpack	131	1	2
✅ nitro	108	0	26
✅ nuxt	108	0	26
✅ sveltekit	127	0	7
✅ vite	108	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	134	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Copilot encountered an error and was unable to review this pull request. You can try again by re-requesting a review.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2148. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• read only the one-byte EOF marker when getInfo(), paginated getChunks(), or negative-index resolution do not need stream payload bytes
• scan the stream chunks directory once per lookup while preserving legacy, untagged, and tagged-file precedence
• add focused coverage for the first-byte filesystem helper and a patch changeset for @workflow/world-local

Performance

Local micro-benchmark using a completed stream containing 64 x 1 MiB chunks, calling getInfo() 20 times:

Version	Time per call
Before	16.40 ms
After	3.40-3.58 ms

This is approximately a 4.7x improvement for the measured metadata-read path.

Testing

• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test (8 test files, 352 tests passed)
• pnpm exec biome check packages/world-local/src/fs.ts packages/world-local/src/fs.test.ts packages/world-local/src/streamer.ts .changeset/quieter-stream-metadata.md (passes; reports existing complexity warnings in previously complex functions)
• git diff --check

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 21bfb77

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-7.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.958s	10	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.061s	1.006s	0.945s	10	1.53x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.061s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.069s	1.012s	0.943s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.333s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.944s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.610s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.383s (+62.6% 🔺)	2.302s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.919s	10	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.088s (-3.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.093s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.105s (-3.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.110s (-2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.131s	2.006s	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.151s	2.011s	0.861s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.793s (-53.9% 🟢)	3.460s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.667s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.896s (+2.3%)	2.053s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.504s (-4.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.518s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.515s (-3.3%)	11.019s (~)	0.504s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.528s (-4.0%)	11.017s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.538s (-3.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.774s	11.022s	0.248s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.922s	11.353s	0.431s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.249s (-40.0% 🟢)	16.050s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.801s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.142s (-4.9%)	18.282s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.140s	2	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.684s (-9.1% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.343s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.709s (-6.1% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.311s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.815s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.212s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.863s (-4.9%)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.153s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.271s	15.030s	0.758s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.454s	15.018s	0.564s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	23.476s (-53.3% 🟢)	25.627s (-51.2% 🟢)	2.151s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.543s (-63.5% 🟢)	25.556s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.013s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.339s (-11.7% 🟢)	13.018s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.679s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.344s (-11.9% 🟢)	13.021s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.677s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.364s (-26.3% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.661s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.519s (-24.6% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.506s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.688s	14.027s	0.339s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.823s	14.018s	0.195s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	35.535s (-91.6% 🟢)	37.656s (-91.1% 🟢)	2.121s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	37.101s (-69.4% 🟢)	39.873s (-67.8% 🟢)	2.771s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.167s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.841s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.175s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.833s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.195s (-19.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.811s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.221s (-25.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.785s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.008s	0.768s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.694s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.857s (~)	5.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.184s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.487s (+23.7% 🔺)	5.050s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.563s	6	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.236s (-47.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.771s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.248s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.760s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.410s	2.008s	0.598s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.708s (-45.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.297s	15	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.222s	0.343s	14	1.52x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (-35.3% 🟢)	2.292s (-33.6% 🟢)	0.382s	14	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.842s (+6.1% 🔺)	5.422s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.580s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.332s (+6.9% 🔺)	5.828s (-1.6%)	1.496s	6	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.361s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.383s (-60.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.625s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.780s	2.224s	0.444s	14	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.954s (-40.7% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.558s	6	3.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.522s	6.214s	0.692s	5	4.06x
💻 Local	Express	5.581s (-33.1% 🟢)	6.015s (-33.4% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.401s (+27.4% 🔺)	7.171s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.770s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.712s (+62.0% 🔺)	7.975s (+44.1% 🔺)	2.263s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.174s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.834s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-6.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.008s	0.751s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s	2.006s	0.679s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.483s (-20.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.523s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.511s (-20.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.495s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.838s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.064s (-2.5%)	1.226s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.070s (+18.9% 🔺)	4.425s (+1.7%)	1.354s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.239s (-47.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.239s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.769s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.007s	0.582s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.006s	2.592s	0.586s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.068s (-32.5% 🟢)	2.509s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.441s	12	1.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.075s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.434s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.627s (+12.2% 🔺)	5.372s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.746s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.718s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.799s (+21.0% 🔺)	2.082s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.368s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.766s	2.509s	0.743s	12	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.790s (-47.6% 🟢)	5.512s (-45.0% 🟢)	0.723s	6	3.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.800s	6.415s	0.615s	5	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	5.981s (-32.0% 🟢)	6.417s (-30.8% 🟢)	0.436s	5	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.958s (-2.6%)	7.012s (+2.9%)	2.054s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.388s (-16.0% 🟢)	7.537s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.148s	4	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.551s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.473s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.567s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.457s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.581s (-40.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.424s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (-39.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.413s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.833s	1.007s	0.174s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.832s (-73.6% 🟢)	7.755s (-67.7% 🟢)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.067s (-68.1% 🟢)	8.221s (-61.5% 🟢)	2.154s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.331s (-32.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.677s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.340s (-30.5% 🟢)	2.030s (-3.4%)	0.690s	45	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.460s (-51.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.546s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.028s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.476s	45	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.963s	2.228s	0.266s	41	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.034s	2.795s	0.762s	33	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.272s (-66.4% 🟢)	15.036s (-63.6% 🟢)	1.765s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.292s (-58.6% 🟢)	16.229s (-55.9% 🟢)	1.936s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.566s (-37.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.467s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.645s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.059s (-30.0% 🟢)	0.414s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.188s (-65.4% 🟢)	3.912s (-61.0% 🟢)	0.723s	31	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.193s (-65.7% 🟢)	3.977s (-60.3% 🟢)	0.784s	31	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.911s	4.183s	0.273s	29	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.259s	5.011s	0.752s	24	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.684s (-70.4% 🟢)	31.108s (-68.4% 🟢)	2.424s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.493s (-77.3% 🟢)	32.416s (-75.5% 🟢)	2.923s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.214s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.792s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.216s (-23.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.790s	60	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.305s	1.024s	0.719s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.434s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.570s	60	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.442s (-21.2% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.563s	60	2.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.549s	1.021s	0.473s	59	2.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.669s (+36.6% 🔺)	4.541s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.871s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	36.388s (+2090.8% 🔺)	38.007s (+1034.2% 🔺)	1.619s	9	13.63x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.325s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.681s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.360s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.651s	90	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.006s	0.498s	90	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.110s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.545s	34	6.49x
💻 Local	Express	2.152s (-14.4% 🟢)	2.685s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.533s	34	6.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	3.077s	0.743s	30	7.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.521s (+81.2% 🔺)	7.527s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.007s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.555s (+134.2% 🔺)	9.015s (+87.0% 🔺)	1.460s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.356s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.667s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.339s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.021s	1.826s	0.805s	66	1.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.712s (-13.2% 🟢)	10.111s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.399s	12	14.94x
💻 Local	Express	9.888s (-11.6% 🟢)	10.361s (-13.2% 🟢)	0.473s	12	15.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.474s	11.301s	0.827s	11	16.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.446s (+100.0% 🔺)	17.239s (+83.4% 🔺)	1.793s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.105s (+197.9% 🔺)	24.363s (+163.5% 🔺)	2.257s	5	1.43x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (+461.5% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.859s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.158s (+464.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (+483.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+4.1%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.857s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.173s (+448.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-19.2% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.844s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.202s	2.003s	0.012s	2.019s	0.817s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.002s	0.002s	2.012s	0.768s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.297s (-8.3% 🟢)	3.658s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.591s (+65.5% 🔺)	5.720s (+2.3%)	3.422s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.800s (-26.9% 🟢)	3.700s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.754s (+136.3% 🔺)	5.982s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.181s	10	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (+151.9% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.452s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.586s (+89.0% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.5% 🔺)	2.023s (+81.3% 🔺)	0.437s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.586s (+151.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-1.7%)	2.026s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.440s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.592s (+110.2% 🔺)	2.009s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+5.2% 🔺)	2.021s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.430s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.716s	2.009s	0.010s	2.023s	0.307s	30	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.785s	2.011s	0.004s	2.027s	0.242s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.264s (-3.7%)	7.688s (-4.0%)	0.659s (+61.2% 🔺)	8.839s (~)	2.576s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.396s (-78.3% 🟢)	7.615s (-75.3% 🟢)	0.174s (+55.1% 🔺)	8.181s (-74.3% 🟢)	1.785s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.689s (-28.3% 🟢)	1.032s (-19.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.353s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.701s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.065s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-57.9% 🟢)	1.078s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.377s	57	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.869s	1.155s	0.000s	1.162s	0.293s	52	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.373s (+12.3% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+533.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.643s	30	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (+13.4% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.626s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.487s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.529s	30	2.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.188s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.803s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.001s (+285.0% 🔺)	6.378s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.190s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.225s (+38.5% 🔺)	5.314s (+21.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.744s (+19.5% 🔺)	1.520s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.255s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.965s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.986s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.731s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.397s (-21.2% 🟢)	2.141s (-1.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.156s (-1.9%)	0.760s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.743s	2.225s	0.000s	2.245s	0.502s	27	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.771s	3.357s	0.001s	3.364s	0.594s	18	2.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.839s (-4.8%)	0.000s (-60.9% 🟢)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.780s	16	2.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.590s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.955s (-1.9%)	0.001s (+60.7% 🔺)	4.317s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.727s	14	2.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.272s (+28.8% 🔺)	7.063s (+31.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.594s (+31.1% 🔺)	2.322s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.741s (+25.2% 🔺)	7.413s (+23.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.926s (+22.7% 🔺)	2.184s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1254	1	219	1474
✅ 💻 Local Development	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 📦 Local Production	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🪟 Windows	134	0	0	134
✅ 📋 Other	762	0	176	938
Total	7121	1	1052	8174

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KSR2TF938VH9SGPP92BGP028 | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	108	0	26
✅ example	108	0	26
✅ express	108	0	26
✅ fastify	108	0	26
✅ hono	108	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	132	0	2
❌ nextjs-webpack	131	1	2
✅ nitro	108	0	26
✅ nuxt	108	0	26
✅ sveltekit	127	0	7
✅ vite	108	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	134	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Copilot encountered an error and was unable to review this pull request. You can try again by re-requesting a review.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2148. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• read only the one-byte EOF marker when getInfo(), paginated getChunks(), or negative-index resolution do not need stream payload bytes
• scan the stream chunks directory once per lookup while preserving legacy, untagged, and tagged-file precedence
• add focused coverage for the first-byte filesystem helper and a patch changeset for @workflow/world-local

Performance

Local micro-benchmark using a completed stream containing 64 x 1 MiB chunks, calling getInfo() 20 times:

Version	Time per call
Before	16.40 ms
After	3.40-3.58 ms

This is approximately a 4.7x improvement for the measured metadata-read path.

Testing

• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test (8 test files, 352 tests passed)
• pnpm exec biome check packages/world-local/src/fs.ts packages/world-local/src/fs.test.ts packages/world-local/src/streamer.ts .changeset/quieter-stream-metadata.md (passes; reports existing complexity warnings in previously complex functions)
• git diff --check

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 21bfb77

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-7.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.958s	10	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.061s	1.006s	0.945s	10	1.53x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.061s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.069s	1.012s	0.943s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.333s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.944s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.610s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.383s (+62.6% 🔺)	2.302s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.919s	10	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.088s (-3.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.093s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.105s (-3.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.110s (-2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.131s	2.006s	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.151s	2.011s	0.861s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.793s (-53.9% 🟢)	3.460s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.667s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.896s (+2.3%)	2.053s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.504s (-4.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.518s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.515s (-3.3%)	11.019s (~)	0.504s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.528s (-4.0%)	11.017s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.538s (-3.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.774s	11.022s	0.248s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.922s	11.353s	0.431s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.249s (-40.0% 🟢)	16.050s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.801s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.142s (-4.9%)	18.282s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.140s	2	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.684s (-9.1% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.343s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.709s (-6.1% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.311s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.815s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.212s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.863s (-4.9%)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.153s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.271s	15.030s	0.758s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.454s	15.018s	0.564s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	23.476s (-53.3% 🟢)	25.627s (-51.2% 🟢)	2.151s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.543s (-63.5% 🟢)	25.556s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.013s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.339s (-11.7% 🟢)	13.018s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.679s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.344s (-11.9% 🟢)	13.021s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.677s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.364s (-26.3% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.661s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.519s (-24.6% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.506s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.688s	14.027s	0.339s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.823s	14.018s	0.195s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	35.535s (-91.6% 🟢)	37.656s (-91.1% 🟢)	2.121s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	37.101s (-69.4% 🟢)	39.873s (-67.8% 🟢)	2.771s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.167s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.841s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.175s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.833s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.195s (-19.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.811s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.221s (-25.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.785s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.008s	0.768s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.694s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.857s (~)	5.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.184s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.487s (+23.7% 🔺)	5.050s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.563s	6	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.236s (-47.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.771s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.248s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.760s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.410s	2.008s	0.598s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.708s (-45.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.297s	15	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.222s	0.343s	14	1.52x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (-35.3% 🟢)	2.292s (-33.6% 🟢)	0.382s	14	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.842s (+6.1% 🔺)	5.422s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.580s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.332s (+6.9% 🔺)	5.828s (-1.6%)	1.496s	6	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.361s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.383s (-60.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.625s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.780s	2.224s	0.444s	14	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.954s (-40.7% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.558s	6	3.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.522s	6.214s	0.692s	5	4.06x
💻 Local	Express	5.581s (-33.1% 🟢)	6.015s (-33.4% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.401s (+27.4% 🔺)	7.171s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.770s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.712s (+62.0% 🔺)	7.975s (+44.1% 🔺)	2.263s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.174s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.834s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-6.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.008s	0.751s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s	2.006s	0.679s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.483s (-20.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.523s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.511s (-20.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.495s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.838s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.064s (-2.5%)	1.226s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.070s (+18.9% 🔺)	4.425s (+1.7%)	1.354s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.239s (-47.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.239s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.769s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.007s	0.582s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.006s	2.592s	0.586s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.068s (-32.5% 🟢)	2.509s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.441s	12	1.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.075s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.434s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.627s (+12.2% 🔺)	5.372s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.746s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.718s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.799s (+21.0% 🔺)	2.082s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.368s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.766s	2.509s	0.743s	12	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.790s (-47.6% 🟢)	5.512s (-45.0% 🟢)	0.723s	6	3.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.800s	6.415s	0.615s	5	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	5.981s (-32.0% 🟢)	6.417s (-30.8% 🟢)	0.436s	5	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.958s (-2.6%)	7.012s (+2.9%)	2.054s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.388s (-16.0% 🟢)	7.537s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.148s	4	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.551s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.473s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.567s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.457s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.581s (-40.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.424s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (-39.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.413s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.833s	1.007s	0.174s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.832s (-73.6% 🟢)	7.755s (-67.7% 🟢)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.067s (-68.1% 🟢)	8.221s (-61.5% 🟢)	2.154s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.331s (-32.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.677s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.340s (-30.5% 🟢)	2.030s (-3.4%)	0.690s	45	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.460s (-51.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.546s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.028s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.476s	45	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.963s	2.228s	0.266s	41	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.034s	2.795s	0.762s	33	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.272s (-66.4% 🟢)	15.036s (-63.6% 🟢)	1.765s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.292s (-58.6% 🟢)	16.229s (-55.9% 🟢)	1.936s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.566s (-37.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.467s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.645s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.059s (-30.0% 🟢)	0.414s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.188s (-65.4% 🟢)	3.912s (-61.0% 🟢)	0.723s	31	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.193s (-65.7% 🟢)	3.977s (-60.3% 🟢)	0.784s	31	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.911s	4.183s	0.273s	29	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.259s	5.011s	0.752s	24	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.684s (-70.4% 🟢)	31.108s (-68.4% 🟢)	2.424s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.493s (-77.3% 🟢)	32.416s (-75.5% 🟢)	2.923s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.214s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.792s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.216s (-23.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.790s	60	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.305s	1.024s	0.719s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.434s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.570s	60	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.442s (-21.2% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.563s	60	2.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.549s	1.021s	0.473s	59	2.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.669s (+36.6% 🔺)	4.541s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.871s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	36.388s (+2090.8% 🔺)	38.007s (+1034.2% 🔺)	1.619s	9	13.63x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.325s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.681s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.360s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.651s	90	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.006s	0.498s	90	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.110s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.545s	34	6.49x
💻 Local	Express	2.152s (-14.4% 🟢)	2.685s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.533s	34	6.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	3.077s	0.743s	30	7.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.521s (+81.2% 🔺)	7.527s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.007s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.555s (+134.2% 🔺)	9.015s (+87.0% 🔺)	1.460s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.356s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.667s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.339s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.021s	1.826s	0.805s	66	1.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.712s (-13.2% 🟢)	10.111s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.399s	12	14.94x
💻 Local	Express	9.888s (-11.6% 🟢)	10.361s (-13.2% 🟢)	0.473s	12	15.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.474s	11.301s	0.827s	11	16.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.446s (+100.0% 🔺)	17.239s (+83.4% 🔺)	1.793s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.105s (+197.9% 🔺)	24.363s (+163.5% 🔺)	2.257s	5	1.43x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (+461.5% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.859s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.158s (+464.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (+483.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+4.1%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.857s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.173s (+448.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-19.2% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.844s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.202s	2.003s	0.012s	2.019s	0.817s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.002s	0.002s	2.012s	0.768s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.297s (-8.3% 🟢)	3.658s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.591s (+65.5% 🔺)	5.720s (+2.3%)	3.422s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.800s (-26.9% 🟢)	3.700s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.754s (+136.3% 🔺)	5.982s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.181s	10	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (+151.9% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.452s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.586s (+89.0% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.5% 🔺)	2.023s (+81.3% 🔺)	0.437s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.586s (+151.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-1.7%)	2.026s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.440s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.592s (+110.2% 🔺)	2.009s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+5.2% 🔺)	2.021s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.430s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.716s	2.009s	0.010s	2.023s	0.307s	30	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.785s	2.011s	0.004s	2.027s	0.242s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.264s (-3.7%)	7.688s (-4.0%)	0.659s (+61.2% 🔺)	8.839s (~)	2.576s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.396s (-78.3% 🟢)	7.615s (-75.3% 🟢)	0.174s (+55.1% 🔺)	8.181s (-74.3% 🟢)	1.785s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.689s (-28.3% 🟢)	1.032s (-19.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.353s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.701s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.065s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-57.9% 🟢)	1.078s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.377s	57	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.869s	1.155s	0.000s	1.162s	0.293s	52	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.373s (+12.3% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+533.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.643s	30	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (+13.4% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.626s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.487s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.529s	30	2.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.188s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.803s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.001s (+285.0% 🔺)	6.378s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.190s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.225s (+38.5% 🔺)	5.314s (+21.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.744s (+19.5% 🔺)	1.520s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.255s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.965s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.986s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.731s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.397s (-21.2% 🟢)	2.141s (-1.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.156s (-1.9%)	0.760s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.743s	2.225s	0.000s	2.245s	0.502s	27	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.771s	3.357s	0.001s	3.364s	0.594s	18	2.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.839s (-4.8%)	0.000s (-60.9% 🟢)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.780s	16	2.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.590s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.955s (-1.9%)	0.001s (+60.7% 🔺)	4.317s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.727s	14	2.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.272s (+28.8% 🔺)	7.063s (+31.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.594s (+31.1% 🔺)	2.322s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.741s (+25.2% 🔺)	7.413s (+23.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.926s (+22.7% 🔺)	2.184s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1254	1	219	1474
✅ 💻 Local Development	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 📦 Local Production	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🪟 Windows	134	0	0	134
✅ 📋 Other	762	0	176	938
Total	7121	1	1052	8174

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KSR2TF938VH9SGPP92BGP028 | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	108	0	26
✅ example	108	0	26
✅ express	108	0	26
✅ fastify	108	0	26
✅ hono	108	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	132	0	2
❌ nextjs-webpack	131	1	2
✅ nitro	108	0	26
✅ nuxt	108	0	26
✅ sveltekit	127	0	7
✅ vite	108	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	134	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Copilot encountered an error and was unable to review this pull request. You can try again by re-requesting a review.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2148. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[pranaygp]

Summary

• read only the one-byte EOF marker when getInfo(), paginated getChunks(), or negative-index resolution do not need stream payload bytes
• scan the stream chunks directory once per lookup while preserving legacy, untagged, and tagged-file precedence
• add focused coverage for the first-byte filesystem helper and a patch changeset for @workflow/world-local

Performance

Local micro-benchmark using a completed stream containing 64 x 1 MiB chunks, calling getInfo() 20 times:

Version	Time per call
Before	16.40 ms
After	3.40-3.58 ms

This is approximately a 4.7x improvement for the measured metadata-read path.

Testing

• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test (8 test files, 352 tests passed)
• pnpm exec biome check packages/world-local/src/fs.ts packages/world-local/src/fs.test.ts packages/world-local/src/streamer.ts .changeset/quieter-stream-metadata.md (passes; reports existing complexity warnings in previously complex functions)
• git diff --check

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 21bfb77

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	May 28, 2026 7:56pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.040s (-7.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.965s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.961s	10	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.053s (-44.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-3.0%)	0.958s	10	1.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.061s	1.006s	0.945s	10	1.53x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.061s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.950s	10	1.54x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.069s	1.012s	0.943s	10	1.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.333s (-18.6% 🟢)	1.944s (-22.5% 🟢)	1.610s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.383s (+62.6% 🔺)	2.302s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.919s	10	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.088s (-3.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.093s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.913s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.105s (-3.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.905s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.110s (-2.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.900s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.131s	2.006s	0.876s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.151s	2.011s	0.861s	10	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.793s (-53.9% 🟢)	3.460s (-41.4% 🟢)	1.667s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.843s (-1.7%)	3.896s (+2.3%)	2.053s	10	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.504s (-4.0%)	11.022s (~)	0.518s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.515s (-3.3%)	11.019s (~)	0.504s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.528s (-4.0%)	11.017s (~)	0.489s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.538s (-3.5%)	11.022s (~)	0.484s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.774s	11.022s	0.248s	3	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.922s	11.353s	0.431s	3	1.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	14.249s (-40.0% 🟢)	16.050s (-36.1% 🟢)	1.801s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	16.142s (-4.9%)	18.282s (-8.7% 🟢)	2.140s	2	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.684s (-9.1% 🟢)	14.027s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.343s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.709s (-6.1% 🟢)	14.020s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.311s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	13.815s (-7.7% 🟢)	14.027s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.212s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.863s (-4.9%)	14.016s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.153s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.271s	15.030s	0.758s	4	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.454s	15.018s	0.564s	4	1.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	23.476s (-53.3% 🟢)	25.627s (-51.2% 🟢)	2.151s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.543s (-63.5% 🟢)	25.556s (-61.6% 🟢)	2.013s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	12.339s (-11.7% 🟢)	13.018s (-9.0% 🟢)	0.679s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.344s (-11.9% 🟢)	13.021s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.677s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.364s (-26.3% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.661s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.519s (-24.6% 🟢)	13.025s (-23.5% 🟢)	0.506s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.688s	14.027s	0.339s	7	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.823s	14.018s	0.195s	7	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	35.535s (-91.6% 🟢)	37.656s (-91.1% 🟢)	2.121s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	37.101s (-69.4% 🟢)	39.873s (-67.8% 🟢)	2.771s	3	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.167s (-7.4% 🟢)	2.009s (~)	0.841s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.175s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.833s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.195s (-19.7% 🟢)	2.006s (~)	0.811s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.221s (-25.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-3.3%)	0.785s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.241s	2.008s	0.768s	15	1.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.311s	2.006s	0.694s	15	1.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.857s (~)	5.041s (+9.0% 🔺)	2.184s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.487s (+23.7% 🔺)	5.050s (+16.8% 🔺)	1.563s	6	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.236s (-47.4% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.771s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.248s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.008s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.760s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.410s	2.008s	0.598s	15	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.708s (-45.7% 🟢)	2.006s (-48.4% 🟢)	0.297s	15	1.38x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.880s	2.222s	0.343s	14	1.52x
💻 Local	Express	1.909s (-35.3% 🟢)	2.292s (-33.6% 🟢)	0.382s	14	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.842s (+6.1% 🔺)	5.422s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.580s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.332s (+6.9% 🔺)	5.828s (-1.6%)	1.496s	6	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.361s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.383s (-60.3% 🟢)	2.008s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.625s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.780s	2.224s	0.444s	14	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.954s (-40.7% 🟢)	5.511s (-38.9% 🟢)	0.558s	6	3.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.522s	6.214s	0.692s	5	4.06x
💻 Local	Express	5.581s (-33.1% 🟢)	6.015s (-33.4% 🟢)	0.434s	5	4.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.401s (+27.4% 🔺)	7.171s (+17.0% 🔺)	1.770s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.712s (+62.0% 🔺)	7.975s (+44.1% 🔺)	2.263s	4	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.174s (-6.6% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.834s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.182s (-6.0% 🟢)	2.007s (~)	0.826s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.008s	0.751s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s	2.006s	0.679s	15	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.483s (-20.5% 🟢)	2.006s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.523s	15	1.26x
💻 Local	Express	1.511s (-20.2% 🟢)	2.007s (-15.1% 🟢)	0.495s	15	1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.838s (+15.4% 🔺)	4.064s (-2.5%)	1.226s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.070s (+18.9% 🔺)	4.425s (+1.7%)	1.354s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.239s (-47.0% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.770s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.239s (-47.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.769s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s	2.007s	0.582s	15	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.006s	2.592s	0.586s	12	1.62x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.068s (-32.5% 🟢)	2.509s (-35.4% 🟢)	0.441s	12	1.67x
💻 Local	Express	2.075s (-33.8% 🟢)	2.508s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.434s	12	1.67x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.627s (+12.2% 🔺)	5.372s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.746s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.718s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.799s (+21.0% 🔺)	2.082s	6	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.368s (-60.9% 🟢)	2.007s (-50.0% 🟢)	0.640s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.377s (-60.4% 🟢)	2.007s (-49.9% 🟢)	0.630s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.766s	2.509s	0.743s	12	1.29x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.790s (-47.6% 🟢)	5.512s (-45.0% 🟢)	0.723s	6	3.50x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.800s	6.415s	0.615s	5	4.24x
💻 Local	Express	5.981s (-32.0% 🟢)	6.417s (-30.8% 🟢)	0.436s	5	4.37x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.958s (-2.6%)	7.012s (+2.9%)	2.054s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.388s (-16.0% 🟢)	7.537s (-7.8% 🟢)	2.148s	4	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.551s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.023s (~)	0.473s	59	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.567s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.024s (+1.7%)	0.457s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.581s (-40.8% 🟢)	1.005s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.424s	60	1.06x
💻 Local	Express	0.592s (-39.9% 🟢)	1.005s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.413s	60	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.833s	1.007s	0.174s	60	1.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.850s	1.004s	0.154s	60	1.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.832s (-73.6% 🟢)	7.755s (-67.7% 🟢)	1.923s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.067s (-68.1% 🟢)	8.221s (-61.5% 🟢)	2.154s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.331s (-32.7% 🟢)	2.007s (-11.1% 🟢)	0.677s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.340s (-30.5% 🟢)	2.030s (-3.4%)	0.690s	45	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.460s (-51.9% 🟢)	2.006s (-46.6% 🟢)	0.546s	45	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	1.552s (-48.5% 🟢)	2.028s (-43.4% 🟢)	0.476s	45	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.963s	2.228s	0.266s	41	1.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.034s	2.795s	0.762s	33	1.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	13.272s (-66.4% 🟢)	15.036s (-63.6% 🟢)	1.765s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	14.292s (-58.6% 🟢)	16.229s (-55.9% 🟢)	1.936s	6	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.566s (-37.5% 🟢)	3.033s (-34.1% 🟢)	0.467s	40	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.645s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.059s (-30.0% 🟢)	0.414s	40	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	3.188s (-65.4% 🟢)	3.912s (-61.0% 🟢)	0.723s	31	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.193s (-65.7% 🟢)	3.977s (-60.3% 🟢)	0.784s	31	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.911s	4.183s	0.273s	29	1.52x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.259s	5.011s	0.752s	24	1.66x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	28.684s (-70.4% 🟢)	31.108s (-68.4% 🟢)	2.424s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	29.493s (-77.3% 🟢)	32.416s (-75.5% 🟢)	2.923s	4	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.214s (-24.1% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.792s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.216s (-23.7% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.790s	60	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.305s	1.024s	0.719s	59	1.42x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.434s (-28.2% 🟢)	1.004s (-1.7%)	0.570s	60	2.03x
💻 Local	Express	0.442s (-21.2% 🟢)	1.004s (~)	0.563s	60	2.06x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.549s	1.021s	0.473s	59	2.56x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.669s (+36.6% 🔺)	4.541s (+24.8% 🔺)	1.871s	14	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	36.388s (+2090.8% 🔺)	38.007s (+1034.2% 🔺)	1.619s	9	13.63x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.325s (-34.4% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.681s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.360s (-29.4% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.651s	90	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.508s	1.006s	0.498s	90	1.56x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.110s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.655s (-11.8% 🟢)	0.545s	34	6.49x
💻 Local	Express	2.152s (-14.4% 🟢)	2.685s (-10.8% 🟢)	0.533s	34	6.61x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.335s	3.077s	0.743s	30	7.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.521s (+81.2% 🔺)	7.527s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.007s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.555s (+134.2% 🔺)	9.015s (+87.0% 🔺)	1.460s	10	1.37x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.650s (-17.8% 🟢)	1.006s (~)	0.356s	120	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.667s (-18.5% 🟢)	1.006s (-1.1%)	0.339s	120	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.021s	1.826s	0.805s	66	1.57x
💻 Local	Nitro	9.712s (-13.2% 🟢)	10.111s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.399s	12	14.94x
💻 Local	Express	9.888s (-11.6% 🟢)	10.361s (-13.2% 🟢)	0.473s	12	15.22x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.474s	11.301s	0.827s	11	16.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	15.446s (+100.0% 🔺)	17.239s (+83.4% 🔺)	1.793s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	22.105s (+197.9% 🔺)	24.363s (+163.5% 🔺)	2.257s	5	1.43x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.152s (+461.5% 🔺)	1.995s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-25.0% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.859s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.158s (+464.9% 🔺)	1.998s (+99.8% 🔺)	0.001s (-33.3% 🟢)	2.010s (+98.8% 🔺)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.163s (+483.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.013s (+4.1%)	2.020s (+98.4% 🔺)	0.857s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.173s (+448.9% 🔺)	2.005s (+99.6% 🔺)	0.010s (-19.2% 🟢)	2.017s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.844s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.202s	2.003s	0.012s	2.019s	0.817s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.244s	2.002s	0.002s	2.012s	0.768s	10	1.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.297s (-8.3% 🟢)	3.658s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.591s (+65.5% 🔺)	5.720s (+2.3%)	3.422s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.800s (-26.9% 🟢)	3.700s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.754s (+136.3% 🔺)	5.982s (-7.7% 🟢)	3.181s	10	1.22x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (+151.9% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-6.5% 🟢)	2.024s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.452s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.586s (+89.0% 🔺)	2.011s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.010s (+8.5% 🔺)	2.023s (+81.3% 🔺)	0.437s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.586s (+151.7% 🔺)	2.003s (+99.0% 🔺)	0.004s (-1.7%)	2.026s (+98.0% 🔺)	0.440s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.592s (+110.2% 🔺)	2.009s (+95.3% 🔺)	0.010s (+5.2% 🔺)	2.021s (+94.4% 🔺)	0.430s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.716s	2.009s	0.010s	2.023s	0.307s	30	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.785s	2.011s	0.004s	2.027s	0.242s	30	1.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.264s (-3.7%)	7.688s (-4.0%)	0.659s (+61.2% 🔺)	8.839s (~)	2.576s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.396s (-78.3% 🟢)	7.615s (-75.3% 🟢)	0.174s (+55.1% 🔺)	8.181s (-74.3% 🟢)	1.785s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.689s (-28.3% 🟢)	1.032s (-19.3% 🟢)	0.000s (-60.3% 🟢)	1.042s (-20.2% 🟢)	0.353s	58	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.701s (-27.7% 🟢)	1.065s (-14.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-57.9% 🟢)	1.078s (-14.3% 🟢)	0.377s	57	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.869s	1.155s	0.000s	1.162s	0.293s	52	1.26x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.373s (+12.3% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.001s (+533.3% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.643s	30	1.99x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (+13.4% 🔺)	2.013s (~)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.015s (~)	0.626s	30	2.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.487s	2.013s	0.000s	2.016s	0.529s	30	2.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.188s (+12.0% 🔺)	5.803s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.001s (+285.0% 🔺)	6.378s (+15.3% 🔺)	2.190s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.225s (+38.5% 🔺)	5.314s (+21.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+254.5% 🔺)	5.744s (+19.5% 🔺)	1.520s	11	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.255s (-29.9% 🟢)	1.965s (-8.2% 🟢)	0.000s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.986s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.731s	31	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.397s (-21.2% 🟢)	2.141s (-1.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.156s (-1.9%)	0.760s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.743s	2.225s	0.000s	2.245s	0.502s	27	1.39x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.771s	3.357s	0.001s	3.364s	0.594s	18	2.21x
💻 Local	Express	3.061s (-11.7% 🟢)	3.839s (-4.8%)	0.000s (-60.9% 🟢)	3.841s (-4.8%)	0.780s	16	2.44x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.590s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.955s (-1.9%)	0.001s (+60.7% 🔺)	4.317s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.727s	14	2.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.272s (+28.8% 🔺)	7.063s (+31.4% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	7.594s (+31.1% 🔺)	2.322s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.741s (+25.2% 🔺)	7.413s (+23.1% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.926s (+22.7% 🔺)	2.184s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	15/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	18/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	14/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	17/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

• Local: success
• Postgres: success
• Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

⚠️Community world benchmarks failed (non-blocking):

• Community Worlds: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	1254	1	219	1474
✅ 💻 Local Development	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 📦 Local Production	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1657	0	219	1876
✅ 🪟 Windows	134	0	0	134
✅ 📋 Other	762	0	176	938
Total	7121	1	1052	8174

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (1 failed)

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KSR2TF938VH9SGPP92BGP028 | 🔍 observability

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	108	0	26
✅ example	108	0	26
✅ express	108	0	26
✅ fastify	108	0	26
✅ hono	108	0	26
✅ nextjs-turbopack	132	0	2
❌ nextjs-webpack	131	1	2
✅ nitro	108	0	26
✅ nuxt	108	0	26
✅ sveltekit	127	0	7
✅ vite	108	0	26

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	109	0	25
✅ express-stable	109	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	109	0	25
✅ hono-stable	109	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	115	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled	134	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled	134	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	109	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	109	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	128	0	6
✅ vite-stable	109	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	134	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	109	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	109	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	108	0	26

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[Copilot]

Copilot encountered an error and was unable to review this pull request. You can try again by re-requesting a review.

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2148. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)