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[core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages - #2187

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[core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages#2187
VaguelySerious wants to merge 4 commits into
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peter/harden-event-pagination-progress

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented May 31, 2026

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Follow-up to #2179 (comment) which hardened event list cursor parsing, to further protect it against cursor llops.

These changes specifically protect against a backend that restarts the read at the beginning (it re-issues a cursor we already requested). It does not bound the loop against a backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or fully-overlapping pages while reporting hasMore: true: no cursor ever repeats, appendUniqueEvents keeps the result flat, and while (hasMore) spins forever.

The change is to treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR. A legitimate non-final page over an ascending cursor must surface at least one event after the cursor, so this can't false-positive on large runs — and it needs no arbitrary page-count cap (avoids a magic number that would need sizing above the largest legitimate run).

A backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or
fully-overlapping pages while reporting `hasMore: true` would spin the
`loadWorkflowRunEvents` loop forever — the existing cursor guards only
catch a cursor that repeats a previously requested value, and
`appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result flat instead of growing.
Treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a world contract
error. This fully closes the non-progression hole without an arbitrary
page-count cap.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 09:14
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0531d82

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/worldPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.044s (-9.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.962s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+6.6% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.960s101.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.050s (-11.1% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.957s101.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.059s (-2.6%)1.012s (~)0.953s101.36x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.072s (+9.5% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.939s101.65x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.074s (+15.8% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.938s101.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.239s (-7.8% 🟢)1.780s (-15.3% 🟢)1.541s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.332s (+57.6% 🔺)1.980s (-2.0%)1.648s101.39x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.811s (+230.3% 🔺)2.761s (+16.3% 🔺)1.951s103.39x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.077s (-0.6%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.085s (-0.8%)2.006s (~)0.922s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.086s (+0.5%)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.101s (+0.7%)2.011s (~)0.909s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.102s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.907s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.103s (+1.0%)2.010s (~)0.908s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.364s (-1.4%)3.047s (+6.1% 🔺)1.683s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.405s (~)3.090s (~)1.684s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.559s (+8.6% 🔺)4.372s (+18.7% 🔺)1.813s101.88x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.428s (~)11.022s (~)0.593s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.468s (~)11.022s (~)0.554s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.472s (~)11.023s (~)0.551s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.474s (~)11.018s (~)0.545s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.499s (~)11.015s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.513s (~)11.020s (~)0.507s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express11.801s (+1.1%)13.659s (+3.0%)1.858s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro12.107s (+3.3%)13.713s (~)1.607s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)13.913s (+5.8% 🔺)15.561s (+4.6%)1.648s21.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.567s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.460s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.580s (~)14.018s (~)0.438s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.654s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.373s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.741s (+0.9%)14.019s (~)0.278s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.747s (+1.2%)14.028s (~)0.281s51.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.749s (+0.9%)14.020s (~)0.271s51.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.902s (+2.9%)18.875s (+4.6%)1.973s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro17.077s (+5.0% 🔺)18.429s (-1.1%)1.352s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)18.437s (-1.6%)20.785s (+1.2%)2.348s31.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express12.221s (~)12.649s (-2.9%)0.428s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.310s (-2.3%)13.017s (-1.1%)0.707s71.01x
💻 LocalNitro12.322s (+0.7%)13.025s (~)0.702s71.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.350s (+1.0%)13.020s (~)0.670s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.448s (+2.2%)13.019s (~)0.571s71.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.489s (+0.5%)13.025s (~)0.536s71.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.980s (+11.5% 🔺)21.485s (+8.8% 🔺)1.505s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress20.990s (+18.7% 🔺)23.005s (+20.0% 🔺)2.015s41.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)22.965s (+12.6% 🔺)25.037s (+11.0% 🔺)2.072s41.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.183s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.824s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.196s (~)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.197s (+1.2%)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (-2.5%)2.006s (~)0.611s151.18x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+3.1%)2.007s (~)0.585s151.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.451s (-4.6%)2.006s (~)0.555s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.195s (~)3.798s (+8.6% 🔺)1.603s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.530s (+10.9% 🔺)3.768s (-2.1%)1.238s81.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.875s (+21.5% 🔺)5.332s (+8.8% 🔺)1.457s61.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.309s (-0.7%)3.010s (+3.1%)1.701s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.312s (-1.2%)2.470s (+3.2%)1.157s131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.352s (-0.8%)2.151s (-7.1% 🟢)0.799s141.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.425s (-11.4% 🟢)2.918s (-9.1% 🟢)0.493s111.85x
💻 LocalNitro2.532s (+1.7%)3.009s (+3.2%)0.477s101.93x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.863s (+11.4% 🔺)3.108s (~)0.245s102.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.059s (+21.5% 🔺)4.490s (+17.4% 🔺)1.431s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.088s (+26.2% 🔺)4.675s (+31.1% 🔺)1.587s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.456s (+24.5% 🔺)6.014s (+13.2% 🔺)1.558s51.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (+0.8%)4.137s (~)2.521s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.628s (+1.5%)4.262s (+3.0%)2.634s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.135s (+5.9% 🔺)6.014s (~)2.879s51.94x
💻 LocalExpress5.456s (-23.2% 🟢)6.418s (-15.7% 🟢)0.962s53.37x
💻 LocalNitro6.976s (+21.6% 🔺)7.516s (+13.6% 🔺)0.540s44.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.172s (+20.4% 🔺)9.020s (+20.0% 🔺)0.848s45.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.251s (+21.3% 🔺)4.973s (+10.1% 🔺)1.722s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.861s (+43.3% 🔺)5.401s (+19.5% 🔺)1.540s61.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.937s (+21.6% 🔺)6.606s (+10.7% 🔺)1.669s51.52x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.181s (-0.9%)2.008s (~)0.827s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.194s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.203s (~)2.007s (~)0.804s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.377s (-4.2%)2.007s (~)0.630s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.431s (+6.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.575s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.494s (+0.7%)2.007s (~)0.512s151.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.367s (+13.7% 🔺)4.204s (+26.1% 🔺)1.837s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.486s (+26.7% 🔺)3.831s (+2.4%)1.345s81.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.391s (+10.2% 🔺)4.974s (+4.4%)1.583s71.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.308s (~)2.393s (-4.6%)1.085s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.314s (~)2.918s (-3.0%)1.604s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+1.0%)2.472s (+3.2%)1.138s131.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.493s (-1.7%)3.008s (-6.3% 🟢)0.516s101.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.525s (-6.1% 🟢)3.010s (-10.0% 🟢)0.485s101.93x
💻 LocalNitro2.567s (+3.8%)3.008s (~)0.441s101.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.564s (-3.7%)3.859s (-7.4% 🟢)1.294s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.581s (+7.4% 🔺)4.312s (+18.1% 🔺)1.731s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.915s (+16.7% 🔺)5.552s (+10.6% 🔺)1.636s61.53x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.609s (~)4.137s (~)2.529s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.629s (~)4.010s (-3.0%)2.381s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.373s (+31.4% 🔺)6.220s (+3.4%)2.847s52.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.699s (-20.8% 🟢)6.214s (-20.0% 🟢)0.515s53.54x
💻 LocalExpress6.222s (-10.6% 🟢)7.018s (-9.7% 🟢)0.797s53.87x
💻 LocalNitro6.647s (+9.3% 🔺)7.215s (+5.9% 🔺)0.568s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.430s (+14.3% 🔺)4.811s (-2.2%)1.382s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.783s (+24.7% 🔺)5.559s (+18.8% 🔺)1.776s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.233s (-5.0% 🟢)6.036s (-1.8%)1.804s51.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.576s (-2.2%)1.005s (-1.6%)0.429s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.579s (-7.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.426s601.01x
💻 LocalExpress0.585s (-1.1%)1.022s (+1.7%)0.437s591.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.586s (+6.3% 🔺)1.024s (+1.7%)0.438s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.605s (+10.3% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.454s571.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.609s (+12.7% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.450s571.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.924s (+9.7% 🔺)4.449s (+4.0%)1.526s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.050s (+21.4% 🔺)4.759s (+18.6% 🔺)1.710s131.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.792s (-2.8%)5.485s (-2.2%)1.693s111.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.319s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.688s451.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.325s (+2.3%)2.007s (~)0.682s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.350s (+3.2%)2.007s (~)0.657s451.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.409s (-4.2%)2.006s (~)0.596s451.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.469s (+3.2%)2.006s (~)0.538s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.502s (-2.4%)2.006s (~)0.504s451.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro7.147s (+18.7% 🔺)8.761s (+14.5% 🔺)1.614s111.00x
▲ VercelExpress7.180s (+20.3% 🔺)8.795s (+21.2% 🔺)1.615s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)9.472s (+14.6% 🔺)11.418s (+17.0% 🔺)1.946s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.529s (~)3.033s (-0.8%)0.504s401.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.639s (+2.5%)3.058s (-0.9%)0.419s401.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.674s (-1.2%)3.009s (-2.5%)0.335s401.06x
💻 LocalExpress3.105s (-3.4%)3.759s (-6.3% 🟢)0.654s321.23x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.189s (-6.3% 🟢)3.977s (-1.6%)0.788s311.26x
💻 LocalNitro3.224s (+1.6%)3.977s (+4.9%)0.753s311.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.264s (+22.2% 🔺)16.486s (+24.7% 🔺)2.222s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro14.462s (+20.0% 🔺)16.302s (+18.6% 🔺)1.840s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)20.620s (+26.2% 🔺)22.485s (+23.0% 🔺)1.865s61.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.184s (+4.8%)1.006s (~)0.822s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (-1.8%)1.006s (~)0.796s601.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.221s (+2.8%)1.006s (~)0.785s601.20x
💻 LocalExpress0.442s (+0.8%)1.004s (~)0.563s602.40x
💻 LocalNitro0.482s (+8.4% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.523s602.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (-7.5% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.398s603.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.201s (+17.1% 🔺)2.803s (+19.5% 🔺)1.602s221.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.373s (+32.3% 🔺)2.668s (+1.7%)1.295s231.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.650s (+26.9% 🔺)4.407s (+16.7% 🔺)1.757s142.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.318s (+12.7% 🔺)1.042s (+2.4%)0.724s871.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.319s (-1.3%)1.006s (~)0.687s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.330s (-1.3%)1.017s (+1.1%)0.688s891.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.053s (-2.4%)2.610s (-4.6%)0.557s356.46x
💻 LocalNitro2.257s (+3.2%)2.916s (+4.3%)0.660s327.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.776s (-1.2%)3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)0.335s298.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.753s (+31.8% 🔺)3.455s (+23.1% 🔺)1.702s271.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.026s (+53.5% 🔺)3.767s (+47.2% 🔺)1.740s241.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.685s (+40.6% 🔺)5.349s (+32.3% 🔺)1.665s172.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.527s (~)3.034s (-2.5%)2.508s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.528s (+1.5%)1.068s (+3.6%)0.541s1131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.533s (+0.6%)1.078s (+2.7%)0.544s1121.01x
💻 LocalExpress9.492s (-5.6% 🟢)10.611s (-5.3% 🟢)1.119s1218.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.307s (+1.3%)11.395s (+1.7%)1.087s1119.58x
💻 LocalNitro10.479s (+8.6% 🔺)11.210s (+4.0%)0.731s1119.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.993s (+47.5% 🔺)4.690s (+19.2% 🔺)1.698s261.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.057s (+73.6% 🔺)5.138s (+49.5% 🔺)2.081s241.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.833s (+22.4% 🔺)6.852s (+22.3% 🔺)2.019s181.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.140s (-2.2%)1.967s (~)0.013s (-0.8%)2.021s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.153s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-16.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.864s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.159s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+15.2% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.861s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.163s (~)2.001s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.848s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.166s (~)1.996s (~)0.002s (+14.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.181s (+0.9%)1.995s (~)0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.830s101.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.957s (-3.3%)2.974s (-9.3% 🟢)2.067s (+21.5% 🔺)5.488s (~)3.531s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.099s (+5.1% 🔺)3.266s (+10.8% 🔺)1.988s (-4.0%)5.750s (+4.3%)3.652s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.183s (+16.6% 🔺)4.089s (+3.7%)1.391s (-2.9%)7.278s (+5.1% 🔺)3.095s102.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.544s (-1.3%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.482s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.551s (~)2.010s (~)0.012s (-9.8% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.473s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.554s (+0.9%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+6.8% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.472s301.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.572s (+1.7%)2.010s (~)0.013s (+7.2% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.454s301.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.598s (-3.4%)1.970s (-1.6%)0.012s (-9.5% 🟢)2.025s (-1.7%)0.427s301.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (-2.7%)2.008s (~)0.005s (-11.3% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.417s301.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.946s (+6.8% 🔺)7.608s (+11.1% 🔺)0.530s (+145.2% 🔺)8.663s (+15.7% 🔺)2.718s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.191s (+9.8% 🔺)7.380s (+3.7%)0.207s (-11.0% 🟢)8.082s (+3.1%)1.891s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.884s (+18.2% 🔺)11.408s (+10.1% 🔺)0.167s (-68.6% 🟢)13.019s (+9.5% 🔺)2.136s51.83x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.770s (~)1.046s (~)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)1.062s (~)0.292s571.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.784s (+2.1%)1.063s (+1.5%)0.000s (~)1.078s (~)0.294s561.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.049s (+0.6%)1.565s (+1.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.573s (+1.7%)0.524s391.36x
💻 LocalNitro1.261s (-2.6%)1.982s (-1.5%)0.000s (+50.5% 🔺)1.985s (-1.5%)0.724s311.64x
💻 LocalExpress1.325s (+2.4%)1.981s (-1.6%)0.000s (+117.7% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.660s311.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.344s (-4.7%)1.979s (~)0.001s (-38.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.672s301.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.150s (+9.1% 🔺)4.537s (+8.8% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.097s (+10.6% 🔺)1.947s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.297s (+10.8% 🔺)4.320s (-1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.796s (-1.5%)1.500s131.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.375s (+19.9% 🔺)6.132s (+12.7% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.259s (+15.6% 🔺)1.884s91.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.677s (-0.7%)2.266s (-1.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.313s (~)0.635s261.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.999s (+13.9% 🔺)2.577s (+12.5% 🔺)0.000s (-43.8% 🟢)2.594s (+12.6% 🔺)0.596s241.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.820s (-2.8%)3.267s (-3.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)3.275s (-3.9%)0.455s191.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.496s (-4.1%)3.928s (-4.7%)0.001s (+66.7% 🔺)3.972s (-4.8%)0.475s162.08x
💻 LocalExpress3.602s (-1.9%)4.160s (~)0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)4.164s (~)0.563s152.15x
💻 LocalNitro3.752s (+0.5%)4.312s (+2.0%)0.001s (+7.1% 🔺)4.315s (+2.0%)0.564s142.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.923s (+15.1% 🔺)6.298s (+14.9% 🔺)0.000s (+22.2% 🔺)6.833s (+15.3% 🔺)1.910s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.991s (+15.8% 🔺)5.881s (+2.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.481s (+4.2%)1.490s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.095s (+25.8% 🔺)8.973s (+27.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)10.351s (+26.7% 🔺)2.255s61.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress16/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelExpress11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

Comment thread.changeset/spotty-pagination-progress.md Outdated
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
// spin `while (hasMore)` forever while `appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result
// flat. Treating zero forward progress as a contract violation bounds the
// loop without an arbitrary page cap.
if (!addedNewEvents) {

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This tightens the events.list contract for every @workflow/world implementation: a non-final page must now contain at least one event that is new relative to earlier pages in the same load. The shared pagination docs still describe cursor as an opaque token in packages/world/src/shared.ts, so a community world that legitimately replays a fully overlapping page before reaching new rows would now start throwing WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR after a core upgrade. Please codify that stronger progress guarantee in @workflow/world in the same PR so the new failure mode is part of the public contract, not just a runtime assumption.

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AI Review: Note

Good catch. Codified the forward-progress guarantee in the events.list contract in packages/world/src/interfaces.ts (a hasMore: true page must surface at least one event not seen in an earlier page of the same load; a hasMore: false page may legitimately be empty), and cross-referenced it from the shared hasMore field in packages/world/src/shared.ts. So the WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR failure mode is now part of the public contract rather than just a runtime assumption. Done in fdd53a1.

Document the progress guarantee that core now enforces: a `hasMore: true`
page must surface at least one new event. Addresses review feedback on the
public-contract gap in @workflow/world.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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[core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2187 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented May 31, 2026

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Follow-up to #2179 (comment) which hardened event list cursor parsing, to further protect it against cursor llops.

These changes specifically protect against a backend that restarts the read at the beginning (it re-issues a cursor we already requested). It does not bound the loop against a backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or fully-overlapping pages while reporting hasMore: true: no cursor ever repeats, appendUniqueEvents keeps the result flat, and while (hasMore) spins forever.

The change is to treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR. A legitimate non-final page over an ascending cursor must surface at least one event after the cursor, so this can't false-positive on large runs — and it needs no arbitrary page-count cap (avoids a magic number that would need sizing above the largest legitimate run).

A backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or
fully-overlapping pages while reporting `hasMore: true` would spin the
`loadWorkflowRunEvents` loop forever — the existing cursor guards only
catch a cursor that repeats a previously requested value, and
`appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result flat instead of growing.
Treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a world contract
error. This fully closes the non-progression hole without an arbitrary
page-count cap.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 09:14
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0531d82

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/worldPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.044s (-9.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.962s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+6.6% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.960s101.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.050s (-11.1% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.957s101.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.059s (-2.6%)1.012s (~)0.953s101.36x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.072s (+9.5% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.939s101.65x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.074s (+15.8% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.938s101.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.239s (-7.8% 🟢)1.780s (-15.3% 🟢)1.541s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.332s (+57.6% 🔺)1.980s (-2.0%)1.648s101.39x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.811s (+230.3% 🔺)2.761s (+16.3% 🔺)1.951s103.39x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.077s (-0.6%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.085s (-0.8%)2.006s (~)0.922s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.086s (+0.5%)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.101s (+0.7%)2.011s (~)0.909s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.102s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.907s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.103s (+1.0%)2.010s (~)0.908s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.364s (-1.4%)3.047s (+6.1% 🔺)1.683s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.405s (~)3.090s (~)1.684s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.559s (+8.6% 🔺)4.372s (+18.7% 🔺)1.813s101.88x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.428s (~)11.022s (~)0.593s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.468s (~)11.022s (~)0.554s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.472s (~)11.023s (~)0.551s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.474s (~)11.018s (~)0.545s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.499s (~)11.015s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.513s (~)11.020s (~)0.507s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express11.801s (+1.1%)13.659s (+3.0%)1.858s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro12.107s (+3.3%)13.713s (~)1.607s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)13.913s (+5.8% 🔺)15.561s (+4.6%)1.648s21.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.567s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.460s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.580s (~)14.018s (~)0.438s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.654s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.373s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.741s (+0.9%)14.019s (~)0.278s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.747s (+1.2%)14.028s (~)0.281s51.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.749s (+0.9%)14.020s (~)0.271s51.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.902s (+2.9%)18.875s (+4.6%)1.973s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro17.077s (+5.0% 🔺)18.429s (-1.1%)1.352s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)18.437s (-1.6%)20.785s (+1.2%)2.348s31.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express12.221s (~)12.649s (-2.9%)0.428s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.310s (-2.3%)13.017s (-1.1%)0.707s71.01x
💻 LocalNitro12.322s (+0.7%)13.025s (~)0.702s71.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.350s (+1.0%)13.020s (~)0.670s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.448s (+2.2%)13.019s (~)0.571s71.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.489s (+0.5%)13.025s (~)0.536s71.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.980s (+11.5% 🔺)21.485s (+8.8% 🔺)1.505s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress20.990s (+18.7% 🔺)23.005s (+20.0% 🔺)2.015s41.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)22.965s (+12.6% 🔺)25.037s (+11.0% 🔺)2.072s41.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.183s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.824s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.196s (~)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.197s (+1.2%)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (-2.5%)2.006s (~)0.611s151.18x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+3.1%)2.007s (~)0.585s151.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.451s (-4.6%)2.006s (~)0.555s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.195s (~)3.798s (+8.6% 🔺)1.603s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.530s (+10.9% 🔺)3.768s (-2.1%)1.238s81.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.875s (+21.5% 🔺)5.332s (+8.8% 🔺)1.457s61.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.309s (-0.7%)3.010s (+3.1%)1.701s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.312s (-1.2%)2.470s (+3.2%)1.157s131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.352s (-0.8%)2.151s (-7.1% 🟢)0.799s141.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.425s (-11.4% 🟢)2.918s (-9.1% 🟢)0.493s111.85x
💻 LocalNitro2.532s (+1.7%)3.009s (+3.2%)0.477s101.93x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.863s (+11.4% 🔺)3.108s (~)0.245s102.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.059s (+21.5% 🔺)4.490s (+17.4% 🔺)1.431s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.088s (+26.2% 🔺)4.675s (+31.1% 🔺)1.587s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.456s (+24.5% 🔺)6.014s (+13.2% 🔺)1.558s51.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (+0.8%)4.137s (~)2.521s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.628s (+1.5%)4.262s (+3.0%)2.634s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.135s (+5.9% 🔺)6.014s (~)2.879s51.94x
💻 LocalExpress5.456s (-23.2% 🟢)6.418s (-15.7% 🟢)0.962s53.37x
💻 LocalNitro6.976s (+21.6% 🔺)7.516s (+13.6% 🔺)0.540s44.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.172s (+20.4% 🔺)9.020s (+20.0% 🔺)0.848s45.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.251s (+21.3% 🔺)4.973s (+10.1% 🔺)1.722s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.861s (+43.3% 🔺)5.401s (+19.5% 🔺)1.540s61.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.937s (+21.6% 🔺)6.606s (+10.7% 🔺)1.669s51.52x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.181s (-0.9%)2.008s (~)0.827s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.194s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.203s (~)2.007s (~)0.804s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.377s (-4.2%)2.007s (~)0.630s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.431s (+6.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.575s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.494s (+0.7%)2.007s (~)0.512s151.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.367s (+13.7% 🔺)4.204s (+26.1% 🔺)1.837s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.486s (+26.7% 🔺)3.831s (+2.4%)1.345s81.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.391s (+10.2% 🔺)4.974s (+4.4%)1.583s71.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.308s (~)2.393s (-4.6%)1.085s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.314s (~)2.918s (-3.0%)1.604s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+1.0%)2.472s (+3.2%)1.138s131.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.493s (-1.7%)3.008s (-6.3% 🟢)0.516s101.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.525s (-6.1% 🟢)3.010s (-10.0% 🟢)0.485s101.93x
💻 LocalNitro2.567s (+3.8%)3.008s (~)0.441s101.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.564s (-3.7%)3.859s (-7.4% 🟢)1.294s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.581s (+7.4% 🔺)4.312s (+18.1% 🔺)1.731s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.915s (+16.7% 🔺)5.552s (+10.6% 🔺)1.636s61.53x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.609s (~)4.137s (~)2.529s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.629s (~)4.010s (-3.0%)2.381s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.373s (+31.4% 🔺)6.220s (+3.4%)2.847s52.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.699s (-20.8% 🟢)6.214s (-20.0% 🟢)0.515s53.54x
💻 LocalExpress6.222s (-10.6% 🟢)7.018s (-9.7% 🟢)0.797s53.87x
💻 LocalNitro6.647s (+9.3% 🔺)7.215s (+5.9% 🔺)0.568s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.430s (+14.3% 🔺)4.811s (-2.2%)1.382s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.783s (+24.7% 🔺)5.559s (+18.8% 🔺)1.776s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.233s (-5.0% 🟢)6.036s (-1.8%)1.804s51.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.576s (-2.2%)1.005s (-1.6%)0.429s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.579s (-7.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.426s601.01x
💻 LocalExpress0.585s (-1.1%)1.022s (+1.7%)0.437s591.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.586s (+6.3% 🔺)1.024s (+1.7%)0.438s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.605s (+10.3% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.454s571.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.609s (+12.7% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.450s571.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.924s (+9.7% 🔺)4.449s (+4.0%)1.526s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.050s (+21.4% 🔺)4.759s (+18.6% 🔺)1.710s131.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.792s (-2.8%)5.485s (-2.2%)1.693s111.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.319s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.688s451.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.325s (+2.3%)2.007s (~)0.682s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.350s (+3.2%)2.007s (~)0.657s451.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.409s (-4.2%)2.006s (~)0.596s451.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.469s (+3.2%)2.006s (~)0.538s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.502s (-2.4%)2.006s (~)0.504s451.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro7.147s (+18.7% 🔺)8.761s (+14.5% 🔺)1.614s111.00x
▲ VercelExpress7.180s (+20.3% 🔺)8.795s (+21.2% 🔺)1.615s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)9.472s (+14.6% 🔺)11.418s (+17.0% 🔺)1.946s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.529s (~)3.033s (-0.8%)0.504s401.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.639s (+2.5%)3.058s (-0.9%)0.419s401.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.674s (-1.2%)3.009s (-2.5%)0.335s401.06x
💻 LocalExpress3.105s (-3.4%)3.759s (-6.3% 🟢)0.654s321.23x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.189s (-6.3% 🟢)3.977s (-1.6%)0.788s311.26x
💻 LocalNitro3.224s (+1.6%)3.977s (+4.9%)0.753s311.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.264s (+22.2% 🔺)16.486s (+24.7% 🔺)2.222s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro14.462s (+20.0% 🔺)16.302s (+18.6% 🔺)1.840s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)20.620s (+26.2% 🔺)22.485s (+23.0% 🔺)1.865s61.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.184s (+4.8%)1.006s (~)0.822s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (-1.8%)1.006s (~)0.796s601.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.221s (+2.8%)1.006s (~)0.785s601.20x
💻 LocalExpress0.442s (+0.8%)1.004s (~)0.563s602.40x
💻 LocalNitro0.482s (+8.4% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.523s602.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (-7.5% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.398s603.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.201s (+17.1% 🔺)2.803s (+19.5% 🔺)1.602s221.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.373s (+32.3% 🔺)2.668s (+1.7%)1.295s231.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.650s (+26.9% 🔺)4.407s (+16.7% 🔺)1.757s142.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.318s (+12.7% 🔺)1.042s (+2.4%)0.724s871.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.319s (-1.3%)1.006s (~)0.687s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.330s (-1.3%)1.017s (+1.1%)0.688s891.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.053s (-2.4%)2.610s (-4.6%)0.557s356.46x
💻 LocalNitro2.257s (+3.2%)2.916s (+4.3%)0.660s327.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.776s (-1.2%)3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)0.335s298.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.753s (+31.8% 🔺)3.455s (+23.1% 🔺)1.702s271.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.026s (+53.5% 🔺)3.767s (+47.2% 🔺)1.740s241.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.685s (+40.6% 🔺)5.349s (+32.3% 🔺)1.665s172.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.527s (~)3.034s (-2.5%)2.508s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.528s (+1.5%)1.068s (+3.6%)0.541s1131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.533s (+0.6%)1.078s (+2.7%)0.544s1121.01x
💻 LocalExpress9.492s (-5.6% 🟢)10.611s (-5.3% 🟢)1.119s1218.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.307s (+1.3%)11.395s (+1.7%)1.087s1119.58x
💻 LocalNitro10.479s (+8.6% 🔺)11.210s (+4.0%)0.731s1119.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.993s (+47.5% 🔺)4.690s (+19.2% 🔺)1.698s261.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.057s (+73.6% 🔺)5.138s (+49.5% 🔺)2.081s241.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.833s (+22.4% 🔺)6.852s (+22.3% 🔺)2.019s181.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.140s (-2.2%)1.967s (~)0.013s (-0.8%)2.021s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.153s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-16.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.864s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.159s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+15.2% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.861s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.163s (~)2.001s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.848s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.166s (~)1.996s (~)0.002s (+14.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.181s (+0.9%)1.995s (~)0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.830s101.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.957s (-3.3%)2.974s (-9.3% 🟢)2.067s (+21.5% 🔺)5.488s (~)3.531s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.099s (+5.1% 🔺)3.266s (+10.8% 🔺)1.988s (-4.0%)5.750s (+4.3%)3.652s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.183s (+16.6% 🔺)4.089s (+3.7%)1.391s (-2.9%)7.278s (+5.1% 🔺)3.095s102.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.544s (-1.3%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.482s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.551s (~)2.010s (~)0.012s (-9.8% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.473s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.554s (+0.9%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+6.8% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.472s301.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.572s (+1.7%)2.010s (~)0.013s (+7.2% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.454s301.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.598s (-3.4%)1.970s (-1.6%)0.012s (-9.5% 🟢)2.025s (-1.7%)0.427s301.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (-2.7%)2.008s (~)0.005s (-11.3% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.417s301.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.946s (+6.8% 🔺)7.608s (+11.1% 🔺)0.530s (+145.2% 🔺)8.663s (+15.7% 🔺)2.718s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.191s (+9.8% 🔺)7.380s (+3.7%)0.207s (-11.0% 🟢)8.082s (+3.1%)1.891s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.884s (+18.2% 🔺)11.408s (+10.1% 🔺)0.167s (-68.6% 🟢)13.019s (+9.5% 🔺)2.136s51.83x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.770s (~)1.046s (~)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)1.062s (~)0.292s571.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.784s (+2.1%)1.063s (+1.5%)0.000s (~)1.078s (~)0.294s561.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.049s (+0.6%)1.565s (+1.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.573s (+1.7%)0.524s391.36x
💻 LocalNitro1.261s (-2.6%)1.982s (-1.5%)0.000s (+50.5% 🔺)1.985s (-1.5%)0.724s311.64x
💻 LocalExpress1.325s (+2.4%)1.981s (-1.6%)0.000s (+117.7% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.660s311.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.344s (-4.7%)1.979s (~)0.001s (-38.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.672s301.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.150s (+9.1% 🔺)4.537s (+8.8% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.097s (+10.6% 🔺)1.947s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.297s (+10.8% 🔺)4.320s (-1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.796s (-1.5%)1.500s131.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.375s (+19.9% 🔺)6.132s (+12.7% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.259s (+15.6% 🔺)1.884s91.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.677s (-0.7%)2.266s (-1.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.313s (~)0.635s261.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.999s (+13.9% 🔺)2.577s (+12.5% 🔺)0.000s (-43.8% 🟢)2.594s (+12.6% 🔺)0.596s241.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.820s (-2.8%)3.267s (-3.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)3.275s (-3.9%)0.455s191.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.496s (-4.1%)3.928s (-4.7%)0.001s (+66.7% 🔺)3.972s (-4.8%)0.475s162.08x
💻 LocalExpress3.602s (-1.9%)4.160s (~)0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)4.164s (~)0.563s152.15x
💻 LocalNitro3.752s (+0.5%)4.312s (+2.0%)0.001s (+7.1% 🔺)4.315s (+2.0%)0.564s142.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.923s (+15.1% 🔺)6.298s (+14.9% 🔺)0.000s (+22.2% 🔺)6.833s (+15.3% 🔺)1.910s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.991s (+15.8% 🔺)5.881s (+2.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.481s (+4.2%)1.490s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.095s (+25.8% 🔺)8.973s (+27.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)10.351s (+26.7% 🔺)2.255s61.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress16/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelExpress11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

Comment thread.changeset/spotty-pagination-progress.md Outdated
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
// spin `while (hasMore)` forever while `appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result
// flat. Treating zero forward progress as a contract violation bounds the
// loop without an arbitrary page cap.
if (!addedNewEvents) {

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This tightens the events.list contract for every @workflow/world implementation: a non-final page must now contain at least one event that is new relative to earlier pages in the same load. The shared pagination docs still describe cursor as an opaque token in packages/world/src/shared.ts, so a community world that legitimately replays a fully overlapping page before reaching new rows would now start throwing WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR after a core upgrade. Please codify that stronger progress guarantee in @workflow/world in the same PR so the new failure mode is part of the public contract, not just a runtime assumption.

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AI Review: Note

Good catch. Codified the forward-progress guarantee in the events.list contract in packages/world/src/interfaces.ts (a hasMore: true page must surface at least one event not seen in an earlier page of the same load; a hasMore: false page may legitimately be empty), and cross-referenced it from the shared hasMore field in packages/world/src/shared.ts. So the WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR failure mode is now part of the public contract rather than just a runtime assumption. Done in fdd53a1.

Document the progress guarantee that core now enforces: a `hasMore: true`
page must surface at least one new event. Addresses review feedback on the
public-contract gap in @workflow/world.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented May 31, 2026

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Follow-up to #2179 (comment) which hardened event list cursor parsing, to further protect it against cursor llops.

These changes specifically protect against a backend that restarts the read at the beginning (it re-issues a cursor we already requested). It does not bound the loop against a backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or fully-overlapping pages while reporting hasMore: true: no cursor ever repeats, appendUniqueEvents keeps the result flat, and while (hasMore) spins forever.

The change is to treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR. A legitimate non-final page over an ascending cursor must surface at least one event after the cursor, so this can't false-positive on large runs — and it needs no arbitrary page-count cap (avoids a magic number that would need sizing above the largest legitimate run).

A backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or
fully-overlapping pages while reporting `hasMore: true` would spin the
`loadWorkflowRunEvents` loop forever — the existing cursor guards only
catch a cursor that repeats a previously requested value, and
`appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result flat instead of growing.
Treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a world contract
error. This fully closes the non-progression hole without an arbitrary
page-count cap.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 09:14
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0531d82

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/worldPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.044s (-9.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.962s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+6.6% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.960s101.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.050s (-11.1% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.957s101.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.059s (-2.6%)1.012s (~)0.953s101.36x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.072s (+9.5% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.939s101.65x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.074s (+15.8% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.938s101.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.239s (-7.8% 🟢)1.780s (-15.3% 🟢)1.541s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.332s (+57.6% 🔺)1.980s (-2.0%)1.648s101.39x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.811s (+230.3% 🔺)2.761s (+16.3% 🔺)1.951s103.39x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.077s (-0.6%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.085s (-0.8%)2.006s (~)0.922s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.086s (+0.5%)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.101s (+0.7%)2.011s (~)0.909s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.102s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.907s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.103s (+1.0%)2.010s (~)0.908s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.364s (-1.4%)3.047s (+6.1% 🔺)1.683s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.405s (~)3.090s (~)1.684s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.559s (+8.6% 🔺)4.372s (+18.7% 🔺)1.813s101.88x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.428s (~)11.022s (~)0.593s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.468s (~)11.022s (~)0.554s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.472s (~)11.023s (~)0.551s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.474s (~)11.018s (~)0.545s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.499s (~)11.015s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.513s (~)11.020s (~)0.507s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express11.801s (+1.1%)13.659s (+3.0%)1.858s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro12.107s (+3.3%)13.713s (~)1.607s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)13.913s (+5.8% 🔺)15.561s (+4.6%)1.648s21.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.567s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.460s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.580s (~)14.018s (~)0.438s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.654s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.373s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.741s (+0.9%)14.019s (~)0.278s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.747s (+1.2%)14.028s (~)0.281s51.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.749s (+0.9%)14.020s (~)0.271s51.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.902s (+2.9%)18.875s (+4.6%)1.973s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro17.077s (+5.0% 🔺)18.429s (-1.1%)1.352s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)18.437s (-1.6%)20.785s (+1.2%)2.348s31.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express12.221s (~)12.649s (-2.9%)0.428s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.310s (-2.3%)13.017s (-1.1%)0.707s71.01x
💻 LocalNitro12.322s (+0.7%)13.025s (~)0.702s71.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.350s (+1.0%)13.020s (~)0.670s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.448s (+2.2%)13.019s (~)0.571s71.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.489s (+0.5%)13.025s (~)0.536s71.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.980s (+11.5% 🔺)21.485s (+8.8% 🔺)1.505s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress20.990s (+18.7% 🔺)23.005s (+20.0% 🔺)2.015s41.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)22.965s (+12.6% 🔺)25.037s (+11.0% 🔺)2.072s41.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.183s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.824s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.196s (~)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.197s (+1.2%)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (-2.5%)2.006s (~)0.611s151.18x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+3.1%)2.007s (~)0.585s151.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.451s (-4.6%)2.006s (~)0.555s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.195s (~)3.798s (+8.6% 🔺)1.603s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.530s (+10.9% 🔺)3.768s (-2.1%)1.238s81.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.875s (+21.5% 🔺)5.332s (+8.8% 🔺)1.457s61.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.309s (-0.7%)3.010s (+3.1%)1.701s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.312s (-1.2%)2.470s (+3.2%)1.157s131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.352s (-0.8%)2.151s (-7.1% 🟢)0.799s141.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.425s (-11.4% 🟢)2.918s (-9.1% 🟢)0.493s111.85x
💻 LocalNitro2.532s (+1.7%)3.009s (+3.2%)0.477s101.93x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.863s (+11.4% 🔺)3.108s (~)0.245s102.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.059s (+21.5% 🔺)4.490s (+17.4% 🔺)1.431s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.088s (+26.2% 🔺)4.675s (+31.1% 🔺)1.587s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.456s (+24.5% 🔺)6.014s (+13.2% 🔺)1.558s51.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (+0.8%)4.137s (~)2.521s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.628s (+1.5%)4.262s (+3.0%)2.634s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.135s (+5.9% 🔺)6.014s (~)2.879s51.94x
💻 LocalExpress5.456s (-23.2% 🟢)6.418s (-15.7% 🟢)0.962s53.37x
💻 LocalNitro6.976s (+21.6% 🔺)7.516s (+13.6% 🔺)0.540s44.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.172s (+20.4% 🔺)9.020s (+20.0% 🔺)0.848s45.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.251s (+21.3% 🔺)4.973s (+10.1% 🔺)1.722s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.861s (+43.3% 🔺)5.401s (+19.5% 🔺)1.540s61.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.937s (+21.6% 🔺)6.606s (+10.7% 🔺)1.669s51.52x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.181s (-0.9%)2.008s (~)0.827s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.194s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.203s (~)2.007s (~)0.804s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.377s (-4.2%)2.007s (~)0.630s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.431s (+6.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.575s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.494s (+0.7%)2.007s (~)0.512s151.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.367s (+13.7% 🔺)4.204s (+26.1% 🔺)1.837s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.486s (+26.7% 🔺)3.831s (+2.4%)1.345s81.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.391s (+10.2% 🔺)4.974s (+4.4%)1.583s71.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.308s (~)2.393s (-4.6%)1.085s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.314s (~)2.918s (-3.0%)1.604s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+1.0%)2.472s (+3.2%)1.138s131.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.493s (-1.7%)3.008s (-6.3% 🟢)0.516s101.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.525s (-6.1% 🟢)3.010s (-10.0% 🟢)0.485s101.93x
💻 LocalNitro2.567s (+3.8%)3.008s (~)0.441s101.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.564s (-3.7%)3.859s (-7.4% 🟢)1.294s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.581s (+7.4% 🔺)4.312s (+18.1% 🔺)1.731s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.915s (+16.7% 🔺)5.552s (+10.6% 🔺)1.636s61.53x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.609s (~)4.137s (~)2.529s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.629s (~)4.010s (-3.0%)2.381s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.373s (+31.4% 🔺)6.220s (+3.4%)2.847s52.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.699s (-20.8% 🟢)6.214s (-20.0% 🟢)0.515s53.54x
💻 LocalExpress6.222s (-10.6% 🟢)7.018s (-9.7% 🟢)0.797s53.87x
💻 LocalNitro6.647s (+9.3% 🔺)7.215s (+5.9% 🔺)0.568s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.430s (+14.3% 🔺)4.811s (-2.2%)1.382s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.783s (+24.7% 🔺)5.559s (+18.8% 🔺)1.776s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.233s (-5.0% 🟢)6.036s (-1.8%)1.804s51.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.576s (-2.2%)1.005s (-1.6%)0.429s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.579s (-7.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.426s601.01x
💻 LocalExpress0.585s (-1.1%)1.022s (+1.7%)0.437s591.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.586s (+6.3% 🔺)1.024s (+1.7%)0.438s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.605s (+10.3% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.454s571.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.609s (+12.7% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.450s571.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.924s (+9.7% 🔺)4.449s (+4.0%)1.526s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.050s (+21.4% 🔺)4.759s (+18.6% 🔺)1.710s131.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.792s (-2.8%)5.485s (-2.2%)1.693s111.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.319s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.688s451.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.325s (+2.3%)2.007s (~)0.682s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.350s (+3.2%)2.007s (~)0.657s451.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.409s (-4.2%)2.006s (~)0.596s451.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.469s (+3.2%)2.006s (~)0.538s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.502s (-2.4%)2.006s (~)0.504s451.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro7.147s (+18.7% 🔺)8.761s (+14.5% 🔺)1.614s111.00x
▲ VercelExpress7.180s (+20.3% 🔺)8.795s (+21.2% 🔺)1.615s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)9.472s (+14.6% 🔺)11.418s (+17.0% 🔺)1.946s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.529s (~)3.033s (-0.8%)0.504s401.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.639s (+2.5%)3.058s (-0.9%)0.419s401.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.674s (-1.2%)3.009s (-2.5%)0.335s401.06x
💻 LocalExpress3.105s (-3.4%)3.759s (-6.3% 🟢)0.654s321.23x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.189s (-6.3% 🟢)3.977s (-1.6%)0.788s311.26x
💻 LocalNitro3.224s (+1.6%)3.977s (+4.9%)0.753s311.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.264s (+22.2% 🔺)16.486s (+24.7% 🔺)2.222s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro14.462s (+20.0% 🔺)16.302s (+18.6% 🔺)1.840s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)20.620s (+26.2% 🔺)22.485s (+23.0% 🔺)1.865s61.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.184s (+4.8%)1.006s (~)0.822s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (-1.8%)1.006s (~)0.796s601.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.221s (+2.8%)1.006s (~)0.785s601.20x
💻 LocalExpress0.442s (+0.8%)1.004s (~)0.563s602.40x
💻 LocalNitro0.482s (+8.4% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.523s602.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (-7.5% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.398s603.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.201s (+17.1% 🔺)2.803s (+19.5% 🔺)1.602s221.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.373s (+32.3% 🔺)2.668s (+1.7%)1.295s231.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.650s (+26.9% 🔺)4.407s (+16.7% 🔺)1.757s142.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.318s (+12.7% 🔺)1.042s (+2.4%)0.724s871.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.319s (-1.3%)1.006s (~)0.687s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.330s (-1.3%)1.017s (+1.1%)0.688s891.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.053s (-2.4%)2.610s (-4.6%)0.557s356.46x
💻 LocalNitro2.257s (+3.2%)2.916s (+4.3%)0.660s327.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.776s (-1.2%)3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)0.335s298.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.753s (+31.8% 🔺)3.455s (+23.1% 🔺)1.702s271.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.026s (+53.5% 🔺)3.767s (+47.2% 🔺)1.740s241.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.685s (+40.6% 🔺)5.349s (+32.3% 🔺)1.665s172.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.527s (~)3.034s (-2.5%)2.508s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.528s (+1.5%)1.068s (+3.6%)0.541s1131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.533s (+0.6%)1.078s (+2.7%)0.544s1121.01x
💻 LocalExpress9.492s (-5.6% 🟢)10.611s (-5.3% 🟢)1.119s1218.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.307s (+1.3%)11.395s (+1.7%)1.087s1119.58x
💻 LocalNitro10.479s (+8.6% 🔺)11.210s (+4.0%)0.731s1119.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.993s (+47.5% 🔺)4.690s (+19.2% 🔺)1.698s261.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.057s (+73.6% 🔺)5.138s (+49.5% 🔺)2.081s241.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.833s (+22.4% 🔺)6.852s (+22.3% 🔺)2.019s181.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.140s (-2.2%)1.967s (~)0.013s (-0.8%)2.021s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.153s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-16.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.864s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.159s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+15.2% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.861s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.163s (~)2.001s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.848s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.166s (~)1.996s (~)0.002s (+14.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.181s (+0.9%)1.995s (~)0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.830s101.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.957s (-3.3%)2.974s (-9.3% 🟢)2.067s (+21.5% 🔺)5.488s (~)3.531s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.099s (+5.1% 🔺)3.266s (+10.8% 🔺)1.988s (-4.0%)5.750s (+4.3%)3.652s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.183s (+16.6% 🔺)4.089s (+3.7%)1.391s (-2.9%)7.278s (+5.1% 🔺)3.095s102.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.544s (-1.3%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.482s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.551s (~)2.010s (~)0.012s (-9.8% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.473s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.554s (+0.9%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+6.8% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.472s301.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.572s (+1.7%)2.010s (~)0.013s (+7.2% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.454s301.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.598s (-3.4%)1.970s (-1.6%)0.012s (-9.5% 🟢)2.025s (-1.7%)0.427s301.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (-2.7%)2.008s (~)0.005s (-11.3% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.417s301.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.946s (+6.8% 🔺)7.608s (+11.1% 🔺)0.530s (+145.2% 🔺)8.663s (+15.7% 🔺)2.718s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.191s (+9.8% 🔺)7.380s (+3.7%)0.207s (-11.0% 🟢)8.082s (+3.1%)1.891s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.884s (+18.2% 🔺)11.408s (+10.1% 🔺)0.167s (-68.6% 🟢)13.019s (+9.5% 🔺)2.136s51.83x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.770s (~)1.046s (~)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)1.062s (~)0.292s571.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.784s (+2.1%)1.063s (+1.5%)0.000s (~)1.078s (~)0.294s561.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.049s (+0.6%)1.565s (+1.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.573s (+1.7%)0.524s391.36x
💻 LocalNitro1.261s (-2.6%)1.982s (-1.5%)0.000s (+50.5% 🔺)1.985s (-1.5%)0.724s311.64x
💻 LocalExpress1.325s (+2.4%)1.981s (-1.6%)0.000s (+117.7% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.660s311.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.344s (-4.7%)1.979s (~)0.001s (-38.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.672s301.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.150s (+9.1% 🔺)4.537s (+8.8% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.097s (+10.6% 🔺)1.947s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.297s (+10.8% 🔺)4.320s (-1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.796s (-1.5%)1.500s131.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.375s (+19.9% 🔺)6.132s (+12.7% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.259s (+15.6% 🔺)1.884s91.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.677s (-0.7%)2.266s (-1.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.313s (~)0.635s261.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.999s (+13.9% 🔺)2.577s (+12.5% 🔺)0.000s (-43.8% 🟢)2.594s (+12.6% 🔺)0.596s241.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.820s (-2.8%)3.267s (-3.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)3.275s (-3.9%)0.455s191.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.496s (-4.1%)3.928s (-4.7%)0.001s (+66.7% 🔺)3.972s (-4.8%)0.475s162.08x
💻 LocalExpress3.602s (-1.9%)4.160s (~)0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)4.164s (~)0.563s152.15x
💻 LocalNitro3.752s (+0.5%)4.312s (+2.0%)0.001s (+7.1% 🔺)4.315s (+2.0%)0.564s142.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.923s (+15.1% 🔺)6.298s (+14.9% 🔺)0.000s (+22.2% 🔺)6.833s (+15.3% 🔺)1.910s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.991s (+15.8% 🔺)5.881s (+2.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.481s (+4.2%)1.490s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.095s (+25.8% 🔺)8.973s (+27.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)10.351s (+26.7% 🔺)2.255s61.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress16/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelExpress11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented May 31, 2026

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

Comment thread.changeset/spotty-pagination-progress.md Outdated
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
// spin `while (hasMore)` forever while `appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result
// flat. Treating zero forward progress as a contract violation bounds the
// loop without an arbitrary page cap.
if (!addedNewEvents) {

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This tightens the events.list contract for every @workflow/world implementation: a non-final page must now contain at least one event that is new relative to earlier pages in the same load. The shared pagination docs still describe cursor as an opaque token in packages/world/src/shared.ts, so a community world that legitimately replays a fully overlapping page before reaching new rows would now start throwing WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR after a core upgrade. Please codify that stronger progress guarantee in @workflow/world in the same PR so the new failure mode is part of the public contract, not just a runtime assumption.

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AI Review: Note

Good catch. Codified the forward-progress guarantee in the events.list contract in packages/world/src/interfaces.ts (a hasMore: true page must surface at least one event not seen in an earlier page of the same load; a hasMore: false page may legitimately be empty), and cross-referenced it from the shared hasMore field in packages/world/src/shared.ts. So the WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR failure mode is now part of the public contract rather than just a runtime assumption. Done in fdd53a1.

Document the progress guarantee that core now enforces: a `hasMore: true`
page must surface at least one new event. Addresses review feedback on the
public-contract gap in @workflow/world.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
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[core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages - #2187

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[core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages#2187
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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented May 31, 2026

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Follow-up to #2179 (comment) which hardened event list cursor parsing, to further protect it against cursor llops.

These changes specifically protect against a backend that restarts the read at the beginning (it re-issues a cursor we already requested). It does not bound the loop against a backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or fully-overlapping pages while reporting hasMore: true: no cursor ever repeats, appendUniqueEvents keeps the result flat, and while (hasMore) spins forever.

The change is to treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR. A legitimate non-final page over an ascending cursor must surface at least one event after the cursor, so this can't false-positive on large runs — and it needs no arbitrary page-count cap (avoids a magic number that would need sizing above the largest legitimate run).

A backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or
fully-overlapping pages while reporting `hasMore: true` would spin the
`loadWorkflowRunEvents` loop forever — the existing cursor guards only
catch a cursor that repeats a previously requested value, and
`appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result flat instead of growing.
Treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a world contract
error. This fully closes the non-progression hole without an arbitrary
page-count cap.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 09:14
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0531d82

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/worldPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.044s (-9.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.962s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+6.6% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.960s101.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.050s (-11.1% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.957s101.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.059s (-2.6%)1.012s (~)0.953s101.36x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.072s (+9.5% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.939s101.65x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.074s (+15.8% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.938s101.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.239s (-7.8% 🟢)1.780s (-15.3% 🟢)1.541s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.332s (+57.6% 🔺)1.980s (-2.0%)1.648s101.39x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.811s (+230.3% 🔺)2.761s (+16.3% 🔺)1.951s103.39x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.077s (-0.6%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.085s (-0.8%)2.006s (~)0.922s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.086s (+0.5%)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.101s (+0.7%)2.011s (~)0.909s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.102s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.907s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.103s (+1.0%)2.010s (~)0.908s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.364s (-1.4%)3.047s (+6.1% 🔺)1.683s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.405s (~)3.090s (~)1.684s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.559s (+8.6% 🔺)4.372s (+18.7% 🔺)1.813s101.88x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.428s (~)11.022s (~)0.593s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.468s (~)11.022s (~)0.554s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.472s (~)11.023s (~)0.551s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.474s (~)11.018s (~)0.545s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.499s (~)11.015s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.513s (~)11.020s (~)0.507s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express11.801s (+1.1%)13.659s (+3.0%)1.858s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro12.107s (+3.3%)13.713s (~)1.607s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)13.913s (+5.8% 🔺)15.561s (+4.6%)1.648s21.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.567s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.460s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.580s (~)14.018s (~)0.438s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.654s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.373s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.741s (+0.9%)14.019s (~)0.278s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.747s (+1.2%)14.028s (~)0.281s51.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.749s (+0.9%)14.020s (~)0.271s51.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.902s (+2.9%)18.875s (+4.6%)1.973s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro17.077s (+5.0% 🔺)18.429s (-1.1%)1.352s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)18.437s (-1.6%)20.785s (+1.2%)2.348s31.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express12.221s (~)12.649s (-2.9%)0.428s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.310s (-2.3%)13.017s (-1.1%)0.707s71.01x
💻 LocalNitro12.322s (+0.7%)13.025s (~)0.702s71.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.350s (+1.0%)13.020s (~)0.670s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.448s (+2.2%)13.019s (~)0.571s71.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.489s (+0.5%)13.025s (~)0.536s71.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.980s (+11.5% 🔺)21.485s (+8.8% 🔺)1.505s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress20.990s (+18.7% 🔺)23.005s (+20.0% 🔺)2.015s41.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)22.965s (+12.6% 🔺)25.037s (+11.0% 🔺)2.072s41.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.183s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.824s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.196s (~)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.197s (+1.2%)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (-2.5%)2.006s (~)0.611s151.18x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+3.1%)2.007s (~)0.585s151.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.451s (-4.6%)2.006s (~)0.555s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.195s (~)3.798s (+8.6% 🔺)1.603s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.530s (+10.9% 🔺)3.768s (-2.1%)1.238s81.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.875s (+21.5% 🔺)5.332s (+8.8% 🔺)1.457s61.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.309s (-0.7%)3.010s (+3.1%)1.701s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.312s (-1.2%)2.470s (+3.2%)1.157s131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.352s (-0.8%)2.151s (-7.1% 🟢)0.799s141.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.425s (-11.4% 🟢)2.918s (-9.1% 🟢)0.493s111.85x
💻 LocalNitro2.532s (+1.7%)3.009s (+3.2%)0.477s101.93x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.863s (+11.4% 🔺)3.108s (~)0.245s102.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.059s (+21.5% 🔺)4.490s (+17.4% 🔺)1.431s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.088s (+26.2% 🔺)4.675s (+31.1% 🔺)1.587s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.456s (+24.5% 🔺)6.014s (+13.2% 🔺)1.558s51.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (+0.8%)4.137s (~)2.521s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.628s (+1.5%)4.262s (+3.0%)2.634s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.135s (+5.9% 🔺)6.014s (~)2.879s51.94x
💻 LocalExpress5.456s (-23.2% 🟢)6.418s (-15.7% 🟢)0.962s53.37x
💻 LocalNitro6.976s (+21.6% 🔺)7.516s (+13.6% 🔺)0.540s44.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.172s (+20.4% 🔺)9.020s (+20.0% 🔺)0.848s45.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.251s (+21.3% 🔺)4.973s (+10.1% 🔺)1.722s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.861s (+43.3% 🔺)5.401s (+19.5% 🔺)1.540s61.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.937s (+21.6% 🔺)6.606s (+10.7% 🔺)1.669s51.52x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.181s (-0.9%)2.008s (~)0.827s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.194s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.203s (~)2.007s (~)0.804s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.377s (-4.2%)2.007s (~)0.630s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.431s (+6.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.575s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.494s (+0.7%)2.007s (~)0.512s151.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.367s (+13.7% 🔺)4.204s (+26.1% 🔺)1.837s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.486s (+26.7% 🔺)3.831s (+2.4%)1.345s81.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.391s (+10.2% 🔺)4.974s (+4.4%)1.583s71.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.308s (~)2.393s (-4.6%)1.085s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.314s (~)2.918s (-3.0%)1.604s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+1.0%)2.472s (+3.2%)1.138s131.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.493s (-1.7%)3.008s (-6.3% 🟢)0.516s101.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.525s (-6.1% 🟢)3.010s (-10.0% 🟢)0.485s101.93x
💻 LocalNitro2.567s (+3.8%)3.008s (~)0.441s101.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.564s (-3.7%)3.859s (-7.4% 🟢)1.294s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.581s (+7.4% 🔺)4.312s (+18.1% 🔺)1.731s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.915s (+16.7% 🔺)5.552s (+10.6% 🔺)1.636s61.53x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.609s (~)4.137s (~)2.529s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.629s (~)4.010s (-3.0%)2.381s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.373s (+31.4% 🔺)6.220s (+3.4%)2.847s52.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.699s (-20.8% 🟢)6.214s (-20.0% 🟢)0.515s53.54x
💻 LocalExpress6.222s (-10.6% 🟢)7.018s (-9.7% 🟢)0.797s53.87x
💻 LocalNitro6.647s (+9.3% 🔺)7.215s (+5.9% 🔺)0.568s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.430s (+14.3% 🔺)4.811s (-2.2%)1.382s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.783s (+24.7% 🔺)5.559s (+18.8% 🔺)1.776s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.233s (-5.0% 🟢)6.036s (-1.8%)1.804s51.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.576s (-2.2%)1.005s (-1.6%)0.429s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.579s (-7.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.426s601.01x
💻 LocalExpress0.585s (-1.1%)1.022s (+1.7%)0.437s591.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.586s (+6.3% 🔺)1.024s (+1.7%)0.438s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.605s (+10.3% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.454s571.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.609s (+12.7% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.450s571.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.924s (+9.7% 🔺)4.449s (+4.0%)1.526s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.050s (+21.4% 🔺)4.759s (+18.6% 🔺)1.710s131.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.792s (-2.8%)5.485s (-2.2%)1.693s111.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.319s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.688s451.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.325s (+2.3%)2.007s (~)0.682s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.350s (+3.2%)2.007s (~)0.657s451.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.409s (-4.2%)2.006s (~)0.596s451.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.469s (+3.2%)2.006s (~)0.538s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.502s (-2.4%)2.006s (~)0.504s451.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro7.147s (+18.7% 🔺)8.761s (+14.5% 🔺)1.614s111.00x
▲ VercelExpress7.180s (+20.3% 🔺)8.795s (+21.2% 🔺)1.615s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)9.472s (+14.6% 🔺)11.418s (+17.0% 🔺)1.946s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.529s (~)3.033s (-0.8%)0.504s401.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.639s (+2.5%)3.058s (-0.9%)0.419s401.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.674s (-1.2%)3.009s (-2.5%)0.335s401.06x
💻 LocalExpress3.105s (-3.4%)3.759s (-6.3% 🟢)0.654s321.23x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.189s (-6.3% 🟢)3.977s (-1.6%)0.788s311.26x
💻 LocalNitro3.224s (+1.6%)3.977s (+4.9%)0.753s311.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.264s (+22.2% 🔺)16.486s (+24.7% 🔺)2.222s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro14.462s (+20.0% 🔺)16.302s (+18.6% 🔺)1.840s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)20.620s (+26.2% 🔺)22.485s (+23.0% 🔺)1.865s61.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.184s (+4.8%)1.006s (~)0.822s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (-1.8%)1.006s (~)0.796s601.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.221s (+2.8%)1.006s (~)0.785s601.20x
💻 LocalExpress0.442s (+0.8%)1.004s (~)0.563s602.40x
💻 LocalNitro0.482s (+8.4% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.523s602.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (-7.5% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.398s603.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.201s (+17.1% 🔺)2.803s (+19.5% 🔺)1.602s221.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.373s (+32.3% 🔺)2.668s (+1.7%)1.295s231.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.650s (+26.9% 🔺)4.407s (+16.7% 🔺)1.757s142.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.318s (+12.7% 🔺)1.042s (+2.4%)0.724s871.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.319s (-1.3%)1.006s (~)0.687s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.330s (-1.3%)1.017s (+1.1%)0.688s891.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.053s (-2.4%)2.610s (-4.6%)0.557s356.46x
💻 LocalNitro2.257s (+3.2%)2.916s (+4.3%)0.660s327.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.776s (-1.2%)3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)0.335s298.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.753s (+31.8% 🔺)3.455s (+23.1% 🔺)1.702s271.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.026s (+53.5% 🔺)3.767s (+47.2% 🔺)1.740s241.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.685s (+40.6% 🔺)5.349s (+32.3% 🔺)1.665s172.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.527s (~)3.034s (-2.5%)2.508s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.528s (+1.5%)1.068s (+3.6%)0.541s1131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.533s (+0.6%)1.078s (+2.7%)0.544s1121.01x
💻 LocalExpress9.492s (-5.6% 🟢)10.611s (-5.3% 🟢)1.119s1218.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.307s (+1.3%)11.395s (+1.7%)1.087s1119.58x
💻 LocalNitro10.479s (+8.6% 🔺)11.210s (+4.0%)0.731s1119.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.993s (+47.5% 🔺)4.690s (+19.2% 🔺)1.698s261.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.057s (+73.6% 🔺)5.138s (+49.5% 🔺)2.081s241.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.833s (+22.4% 🔺)6.852s (+22.3% 🔺)2.019s181.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.140s (-2.2%)1.967s (~)0.013s (-0.8%)2.021s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.153s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-16.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.864s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.159s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+15.2% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.861s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.163s (~)2.001s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.848s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.166s (~)1.996s (~)0.002s (+14.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.181s (+0.9%)1.995s (~)0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.830s101.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.957s (-3.3%)2.974s (-9.3% 🟢)2.067s (+21.5% 🔺)5.488s (~)3.531s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.099s (+5.1% 🔺)3.266s (+10.8% 🔺)1.988s (-4.0%)5.750s (+4.3%)3.652s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.183s (+16.6% 🔺)4.089s (+3.7%)1.391s (-2.9%)7.278s (+5.1% 🔺)3.095s102.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.544s (-1.3%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.482s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.551s (~)2.010s (~)0.012s (-9.8% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.473s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.554s (+0.9%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+6.8% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.472s301.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.572s (+1.7%)2.010s (~)0.013s (+7.2% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.454s301.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.598s (-3.4%)1.970s (-1.6%)0.012s (-9.5% 🟢)2.025s (-1.7%)0.427s301.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (-2.7%)2.008s (~)0.005s (-11.3% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.417s301.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.946s (+6.8% 🔺)7.608s (+11.1% 🔺)0.530s (+145.2% 🔺)8.663s (+15.7% 🔺)2.718s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.191s (+9.8% 🔺)7.380s (+3.7%)0.207s (-11.0% 🟢)8.082s (+3.1%)1.891s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.884s (+18.2% 🔺)11.408s (+10.1% 🔺)0.167s (-68.6% 🟢)13.019s (+9.5% 🔺)2.136s51.83x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.770s (~)1.046s (~)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)1.062s (~)0.292s571.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.784s (+2.1%)1.063s (+1.5%)0.000s (~)1.078s (~)0.294s561.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.049s (+0.6%)1.565s (+1.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.573s (+1.7%)0.524s391.36x
💻 LocalNitro1.261s (-2.6%)1.982s (-1.5%)0.000s (+50.5% 🔺)1.985s (-1.5%)0.724s311.64x
💻 LocalExpress1.325s (+2.4%)1.981s (-1.6%)0.000s (+117.7% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.660s311.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.344s (-4.7%)1.979s (~)0.001s (-38.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.672s301.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.150s (+9.1% 🔺)4.537s (+8.8% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.097s (+10.6% 🔺)1.947s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.297s (+10.8% 🔺)4.320s (-1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.796s (-1.5%)1.500s131.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.375s (+19.9% 🔺)6.132s (+12.7% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.259s (+15.6% 🔺)1.884s91.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.677s (-0.7%)2.266s (-1.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.313s (~)0.635s261.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.999s (+13.9% 🔺)2.577s (+12.5% 🔺)0.000s (-43.8% 🟢)2.594s (+12.6% 🔺)0.596s241.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.820s (-2.8%)3.267s (-3.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)3.275s (-3.9%)0.455s191.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.496s (-4.1%)3.928s (-4.7%)0.001s (+66.7% 🔺)3.972s (-4.8%)0.475s162.08x
💻 LocalExpress3.602s (-1.9%)4.160s (~)0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)4.164s (~)0.563s152.15x
💻 LocalNitro3.752s (+0.5%)4.312s (+2.0%)0.001s (+7.1% 🔺)4.315s (+2.0%)0.564s142.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.923s (+15.1% 🔺)6.298s (+14.9% 🔺)0.000s (+22.2% 🔺)6.833s (+15.3% 🔺)1.910s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.991s (+15.8% 🔺)5.881s (+2.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.481s (+4.2%)1.490s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.095s (+25.8% 🔺)8.973s (+27.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)10.351s (+26.7% 🔺)2.255s61.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress16/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelExpress11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

Comment thread.changeset/spotty-pagination-progress.md Outdated
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
// spin `while (hasMore)` forever while `appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result
// flat. Treating zero forward progress as a contract violation bounds the
// loop without an arbitrary page cap.
if (!addedNewEvents) {

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This tightens the events.list contract for every @workflow/world implementation: a non-final page must now contain at least one event that is new relative to earlier pages in the same load. The shared pagination docs still describe cursor as an opaque token in packages/world/src/shared.ts, so a community world that legitimately replays a fully overlapping page before reaching new rows would now start throwing WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR after a core upgrade. Please codify that stronger progress guarantee in @workflow/world in the same PR so the new failure mode is part of the public contract, not just a runtime assumption.

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AI Review: Note

Good catch. Codified the forward-progress guarantee in the events.list contract in packages/world/src/interfaces.ts (a hasMore: true page must surface at least one event not seen in an earlier page of the same load; a hasMore: false page may legitimately be empty), and cross-referenced it from the shared hasMore field in packages/world/src/shared.ts. So the WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR failure mode is now part of the public contract rather than just a runtime assumption. Done in fdd53a1.

Document the progress guarantee that core now enforces: a `hasMore: true`
page must surface at least one new event. Addresses review feedback on the
public-contract gap in @workflow/world.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page (function() { var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid', 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign']; function cleanUrl(url) { try { var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin); var changed = false; trackingParams.forEach(function(p) { if (u.searchParams.has(p)) { u.searchParams.delete(p); changed = true; } }); return changed ? u.toString() : url; } catch (e) { return url; } } function cleanLinks() { document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } cleanLinks(); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1) { if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks(); node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + ' [core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2187 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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[core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages - #2187

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@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented May 31, 2026

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Follow-up to #2179 (comment) which hardened event list cursor parsing, to further protect it against cursor llops.

These changes specifically protect against a backend that restarts the read at the beginning (it re-issues a cursor we already requested). It does not bound the loop against a backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or fully-overlapping pages while reporting hasMore: true: no cursor ever repeats, appendUniqueEvents keeps the result flat, and while (hasMore) spins forever.

The change is to treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR. A legitimate non-final page over an ascending cursor must surface at least one event after the cursor, so this can't false-positive on large runs — and it needs no arbitrary page-count cap (avoids a magic number that would need sizing above the largest legitimate run).

A backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or
fully-overlapping pages while reporting `hasMore: true` would spin the
`loadWorkflowRunEvents` loop forever — the existing cursor guards only
catch a cursor that repeats a previously requested value, and
`appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result flat instead of growing.
Treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a world contract
error. This fully closes the non-progression hole without an arbitrary
page-count cap.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 09:14
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0531d82

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/worldPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.044s (-9.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.962s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+6.6% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.960s101.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.050s (-11.1% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.957s101.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.059s (-2.6%)1.012s (~)0.953s101.36x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.072s (+9.5% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.939s101.65x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.074s (+15.8% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.938s101.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.239s (-7.8% 🟢)1.780s (-15.3% 🟢)1.541s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.332s (+57.6% 🔺)1.980s (-2.0%)1.648s101.39x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.811s (+230.3% 🔺)2.761s (+16.3% 🔺)1.951s103.39x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.077s (-0.6%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.085s (-0.8%)2.006s (~)0.922s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.086s (+0.5%)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.101s (+0.7%)2.011s (~)0.909s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.102s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.907s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.103s (+1.0%)2.010s (~)0.908s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.364s (-1.4%)3.047s (+6.1% 🔺)1.683s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.405s (~)3.090s (~)1.684s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.559s (+8.6% 🔺)4.372s (+18.7% 🔺)1.813s101.88x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.428s (~)11.022s (~)0.593s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.468s (~)11.022s (~)0.554s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.472s (~)11.023s (~)0.551s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.474s (~)11.018s (~)0.545s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.499s (~)11.015s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.513s (~)11.020s (~)0.507s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express11.801s (+1.1%)13.659s (+3.0%)1.858s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro12.107s (+3.3%)13.713s (~)1.607s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)13.913s (+5.8% 🔺)15.561s (+4.6%)1.648s21.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.567s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.460s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.580s (~)14.018s (~)0.438s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.654s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.373s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.741s (+0.9%)14.019s (~)0.278s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.747s (+1.2%)14.028s (~)0.281s51.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.749s (+0.9%)14.020s (~)0.271s51.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.902s (+2.9%)18.875s (+4.6%)1.973s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro17.077s (+5.0% 🔺)18.429s (-1.1%)1.352s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)18.437s (-1.6%)20.785s (+1.2%)2.348s31.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express12.221s (~)12.649s (-2.9%)0.428s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.310s (-2.3%)13.017s (-1.1%)0.707s71.01x
💻 LocalNitro12.322s (+0.7%)13.025s (~)0.702s71.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.350s (+1.0%)13.020s (~)0.670s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.448s (+2.2%)13.019s (~)0.571s71.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.489s (+0.5%)13.025s (~)0.536s71.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.980s (+11.5% 🔺)21.485s (+8.8% 🔺)1.505s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress20.990s (+18.7% 🔺)23.005s (+20.0% 🔺)2.015s41.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)22.965s (+12.6% 🔺)25.037s (+11.0% 🔺)2.072s41.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.183s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.824s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.196s (~)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.197s (+1.2%)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (-2.5%)2.006s (~)0.611s151.18x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+3.1%)2.007s (~)0.585s151.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.451s (-4.6%)2.006s (~)0.555s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.195s (~)3.798s (+8.6% 🔺)1.603s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.530s (+10.9% 🔺)3.768s (-2.1%)1.238s81.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.875s (+21.5% 🔺)5.332s (+8.8% 🔺)1.457s61.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.309s (-0.7%)3.010s (+3.1%)1.701s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.312s (-1.2%)2.470s (+3.2%)1.157s131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.352s (-0.8%)2.151s (-7.1% 🟢)0.799s141.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.425s (-11.4% 🟢)2.918s (-9.1% 🟢)0.493s111.85x
💻 LocalNitro2.532s (+1.7%)3.009s (+3.2%)0.477s101.93x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.863s (+11.4% 🔺)3.108s (~)0.245s102.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.059s (+21.5% 🔺)4.490s (+17.4% 🔺)1.431s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.088s (+26.2% 🔺)4.675s (+31.1% 🔺)1.587s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.456s (+24.5% 🔺)6.014s (+13.2% 🔺)1.558s51.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (+0.8%)4.137s (~)2.521s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.628s (+1.5%)4.262s (+3.0%)2.634s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.135s (+5.9% 🔺)6.014s (~)2.879s51.94x
💻 LocalExpress5.456s (-23.2% 🟢)6.418s (-15.7% 🟢)0.962s53.37x
💻 LocalNitro6.976s (+21.6% 🔺)7.516s (+13.6% 🔺)0.540s44.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.172s (+20.4% 🔺)9.020s (+20.0% 🔺)0.848s45.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.251s (+21.3% 🔺)4.973s (+10.1% 🔺)1.722s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.861s (+43.3% 🔺)5.401s (+19.5% 🔺)1.540s61.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.937s (+21.6% 🔺)6.606s (+10.7% 🔺)1.669s51.52x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.181s (-0.9%)2.008s (~)0.827s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.194s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.203s (~)2.007s (~)0.804s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.377s (-4.2%)2.007s (~)0.630s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.431s (+6.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.575s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.494s (+0.7%)2.007s (~)0.512s151.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.367s (+13.7% 🔺)4.204s (+26.1% 🔺)1.837s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.486s (+26.7% 🔺)3.831s (+2.4%)1.345s81.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.391s (+10.2% 🔺)4.974s (+4.4%)1.583s71.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.308s (~)2.393s (-4.6%)1.085s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.314s (~)2.918s (-3.0%)1.604s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+1.0%)2.472s (+3.2%)1.138s131.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.493s (-1.7%)3.008s (-6.3% 🟢)0.516s101.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.525s (-6.1% 🟢)3.010s (-10.0% 🟢)0.485s101.93x
💻 LocalNitro2.567s (+3.8%)3.008s (~)0.441s101.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.564s (-3.7%)3.859s (-7.4% 🟢)1.294s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.581s (+7.4% 🔺)4.312s (+18.1% 🔺)1.731s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.915s (+16.7% 🔺)5.552s (+10.6% 🔺)1.636s61.53x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.609s (~)4.137s (~)2.529s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.629s (~)4.010s (-3.0%)2.381s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.373s (+31.4% 🔺)6.220s (+3.4%)2.847s52.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.699s (-20.8% 🟢)6.214s (-20.0% 🟢)0.515s53.54x
💻 LocalExpress6.222s (-10.6% 🟢)7.018s (-9.7% 🟢)0.797s53.87x
💻 LocalNitro6.647s (+9.3% 🔺)7.215s (+5.9% 🔺)0.568s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.430s (+14.3% 🔺)4.811s (-2.2%)1.382s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.783s (+24.7% 🔺)5.559s (+18.8% 🔺)1.776s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.233s (-5.0% 🟢)6.036s (-1.8%)1.804s51.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.576s (-2.2%)1.005s (-1.6%)0.429s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.579s (-7.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.426s601.01x
💻 LocalExpress0.585s (-1.1%)1.022s (+1.7%)0.437s591.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.586s (+6.3% 🔺)1.024s (+1.7%)0.438s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.605s (+10.3% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.454s571.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.609s (+12.7% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.450s571.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.924s (+9.7% 🔺)4.449s (+4.0%)1.526s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.050s (+21.4% 🔺)4.759s (+18.6% 🔺)1.710s131.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.792s (-2.8%)5.485s (-2.2%)1.693s111.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.319s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.688s451.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.325s (+2.3%)2.007s (~)0.682s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.350s (+3.2%)2.007s (~)0.657s451.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.409s (-4.2%)2.006s (~)0.596s451.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.469s (+3.2%)2.006s (~)0.538s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.502s (-2.4%)2.006s (~)0.504s451.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro7.147s (+18.7% 🔺)8.761s (+14.5% 🔺)1.614s111.00x
▲ VercelExpress7.180s (+20.3% 🔺)8.795s (+21.2% 🔺)1.615s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)9.472s (+14.6% 🔺)11.418s (+17.0% 🔺)1.946s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.529s (~)3.033s (-0.8%)0.504s401.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.639s (+2.5%)3.058s (-0.9%)0.419s401.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.674s (-1.2%)3.009s (-2.5%)0.335s401.06x
💻 LocalExpress3.105s (-3.4%)3.759s (-6.3% 🟢)0.654s321.23x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.189s (-6.3% 🟢)3.977s (-1.6%)0.788s311.26x
💻 LocalNitro3.224s (+1.6%)3.977s (+4.9%)0.753s311.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.264s (+22.2% 🔺)16.486s (+24.7% 🔺)2.222s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro14.462s (+20.0% 🔺)16.302s (+18.6% 🔺)1.840s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)20.620s (+26.2% 🔺)22.485s (+23.0% 🔺)1.865s61.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.184s (+4.8%)1.006s (~)0.822s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (-1.8%)1.006s (~)0.796s601.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.221s (+2.8%)1.006s (~)0.785s601.20x
💻 LocalExpress0.442s (+0.8%)1.004s (~)0.563s602.40x
💻 LocalNitro0.482s (+8.4% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.523s602.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (-7.5% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.398s603.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.201s (+17.1% 🔺)2.803s (+19.5% 🔺)1.602s221.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.373s (+32.3% 🔺)2.668s (+1.7%)1.295s231.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.650s (+26.9% 🔺)4.407s (+16.7% 🔺)1.757s142.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.318s (+12.7% 🔺)1.042s (+2.4%)0.724s871.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.319s (-1.3%)1.006s (~)0.687s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.330s (-1.3%)1.017s (+1.1%)0.688s891.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.053s (-2.4%)2.610s (-4.6%)0.557s356.46x
💻 LocalNitro2.257s (+3.2%)2.916s (+4.3%)0.660s327.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.776s (-1.2%)3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)0.335s298.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.753s (+31.8% 🔺)3.455s (+23.1% 🔺)1.702s271.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.026s (+53.5% 🔺)3.767s (+47.2% 🔺)1.740s241.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.685s (+40.6% 🔺)5.349s (+32.3% 🔺)1.665s172.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.527s (~)3.034s (-2.5%)2.508s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.528s (+1.5%)1.068s (+3.6%)0.541s1131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.533s (+0.6%)1.078s (+2.7%)0.544s1121.01x
💻 LocalExpress9.492s (-5.6% 🟢)10.611s (-5.3% 🟢)1.119s1218.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.307s (+1.3%)11.395s (+1.7%)1.087s1119.58x
💻 LocalNitro10.479s (+8.6% 🔺)11.210s (+4.0%)0.731s1119.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.993s (+47.5% 🔺)4.690s (+19.2% 🔺)1.698s261.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.057s (+73.6% 🔺)5.138s (+49.5% 🔺)2.081s241.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.833s (+22.4% 🔺)6.852s (+22.3% 🔺)2.019s181.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.140s (-2.2%)1.967s (~)0.013s (-0.8%)2.021s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.153s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-16.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.864s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.159s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+15.2% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.861s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.163s (~)2.001s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.848s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.166s (~)1.996s (~)0.002s (+14.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.181s (+0.9%)1.995s (~)0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.830s101.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.957s (-3.3%)2.974s (-9.3% 🟢)2.067s (+21.5% 🔺)5.488s (~)3.531s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.099s (+5.1% 🔺)3.266s (+10.8% 🔺)1.988s (-4.0%)5.750s (+4.3%)3.652s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.183s (+16.6% 🔺)4.089s (+3.7%)1.391s (-2.9%)7.278s (+5.1% 🔺)3.095s102.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.544s (-1.3%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.482s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.551s (~)2.010s (~)0.012s (-9.8% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.473s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.554s (+0.9%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+6.8% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.472s301.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.572s (+1.7%)2.010s (~)0.013s (+7.2% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.454s301.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.598s (-3.4%)1.970s (-1.6%)0.012s (-9.5% 🟢)2.025s (-1.7%)0.427s301.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (-2.7%)2.008s (~)0.005s (-11.3% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.417s301.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.946s (+6.8% 🔺)7.608s (+11.1% 🔺)0.530s (+145.2% 🔺)8.663s (+15.7% 🔺)2.718s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.191s (+9.8% 🔺)7.380s (+3.7%)0.207s (-11.0% 🟢)8.082s (+3.1%)1.891s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.884s (+18.2% 🔺)11.408s (+10.1% 🔺)0.167s (-68.6% 🟢)13.019s (+9.5% 🔺)2.136s51.83x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.770s (~)1.046s (~)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)1.062s (~)0.292s571.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.784s (+2.1%)1.063s (+1.5%)0.000s (~)1.078s (~)0.294s561.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.049s (+0.6%)1.565s (+1.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.573s (+1.7%)0.524s391.36x
💻 LocalNitro1.261s (-2.6%)1.982s (-1.5%)0.000s (+50.5% 🔺)1.985s (-1.5%)0.724s311.64x
💻 LocalExpress1.325s (+2.4%)1.981s (-1.6%)0.000s (+117.7% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.660s311.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.344s (-4.7%)1.979s (~)0.001s (-38.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.672s301.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.150s (+9.1% 🔺)4.537s (+8.8% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.097s (+10.6% 🔺)1.947s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.297s (+10.8% 🔺)4.320s (-1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.796s (-1.5%)1.500s131.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.375s (+19.9% 🔺)6.132s (+12.7% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.259s (+15.6% 🔺)1.884s91.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.677s (-0.7%)2.266s (-1.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.313s (~)0.635s261.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.999s (+13.9% 🔺)2.577s (+12.5% 🔺)0.000s (-43.8% 🟢)2.594s (+12.6% 🔺)0.596s241.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.820s (-2.8%)3.267s (-3.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)3.275s (-3.9%)0.455s191.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.496s (-4.1%)3.928s (-4.7%)0.001s (+66.7% 🔺)3.972s (-4.8%)0.475s162.08x
💻 LocalExpress3.602s (-1.9%)4.160s (~)0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)4.164s (~)0.563s152.15x
💻 LocalNitro3.752s (+0.5%)4.312s (+2.0%)0.001s (+7.1% 🔺)4.315s (+2.0%)0.564s142.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.923s (+15.1% 🔺)6.298s (+14.9% 🔺)0.000s (+22.2% 🔺)6.833s (+15.3% 🔺)1.910s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.991s (+15.8% 🔺)5.881s (+2.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.481s (+4.2%)1.490s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.095s (+25.8% 🔺)8.973s (+27.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)10.351s (+26.7% 🔺)2.255s61.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress16/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelExpress11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

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✅ ▲ Vercel Production
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✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
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✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
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✅ astro-stable127025
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✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
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✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
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✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
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✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
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✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

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Comment thread.changeset/spotty-pagination-progress.md Outdated
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
// spin `while (hasMore)` forever while `appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result
// flat. Treating zero forward progress as a contract violation bounds the
// loop without an arbitrary page cap.
if (!addedNewEvents) {

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This tightens the events.list contract for every @workflow/world implementation: a non-final page must now contain at least one event that is new relative to earlier pages in the same load. The shared pagination docs still describe cursor as an opaque token in packages/world/src/shared.ts, so a community world that legitimately replays a fully overlapping page before reaching new rows would now start throwing WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR after a core upgrade. Please codify that stronger progress guarantee in @workflow/world in the same PR so the new failure mode is part of the public contract, not just a runtime assumption.

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AI Review: Note

Good catch. Codified the forward-progress guarantee in the events.list contract in packages/world/src/interfaces.ts (a hasMore: true page must surface at least one event not seen in an earlier page of the same load; a hasMore: false page may legitimately be empty), and cross-referenced it from the shared hasMore field in packages/world/src/shared.ts. So the WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR failure mode is now part of the public contract rather than just a runtime assumption. Done in fdd53a1.

Document the progress guarantee that core now enforces: a `hasMore: true`
page must surface at least one new event. Addresses review feedback on the
public-contract gap in @workflow/world.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube (function() { function tryTheater() { var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label="Theater mode"], ytd-player #player button[title="Theater mode"]'); if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) { btn.click(); } } // Try immediately tryTheater(); // Try after navigation (SPA) var lastUrl = location.href; setInterval(function() { if (location.href !== lastUrl) { lastUrl = location.href; setTimeout(tryTheater, 500); } }, 1000); // Also try on player load var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' [core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2187 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented May 31, 2026

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Follow-up to #2179 (comment) which hardened event list cursor parsing, to further protect it against cursor llops.

These changes specifically protect against a backend that restarts the read at the beginning (it re-issues a cursor we already requested). It does not bound the loop against a backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or fully-overlapping pages while reporting hasMore: true: no cursor ever repeats, appendUniqueEvents keeps the result flat, and while (hasMore) spins forever.

The change is to treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR. A legitimate non-final page over an ascending cursor must surface at least one event after the cursor, so this can't false-positive on large runs — and it needs no arbitrary page-count cap (avoids a magic number that would need sizing above the largest legitimate run).

A backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or
fully-overlapping pages while reporting `hasMore: true` would spin the
`loadWorkflowRunEvents` loop forever — the existing cursor guards only
catch a cursor that repeats a previously requested value, and
`appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result flat instead of growing.
Treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a world contract
error. This fully closes the non-progression hole without an arbitrary
page-count cap.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 09:14
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0531d82

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/worldPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.044s (-9.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.962s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+6.6% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.960s101.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.050s (-11.1% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.957s101.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.059s (-2.6%)1.012s (~)0.953s101.36x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.072s (+9.5% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.939s101.65x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.074s (+15.8% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.938s101.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.239s (-7.8% 🟢)1.780s (-15.3% 🟢)1.541s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.332s (+57.6% 🔺)1.980s (-2.0%)1.648s101.39x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.811s (+230.3% 🔺)2.761s (+16.3% 🔺)1.951s103.39x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.077s (-0.6%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.085s (-0.8%)2.006s (~)0.922s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.086s (+0.5%)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.101s (+0.7%)2.011s (~)0.909s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.102s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.907s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.103s (+1.0%)2.010s (~)0.908s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.364s (-1.4%)3.047s (+6.1% 🔺)1.683s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.405s (~)3.090s (~)1.684s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.559s (+8.6% 🔺)4.372s (+18.7% 🔺)1.813s101.88x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.428s (~)11.022s (~)0.593s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.468s (~)11.022s (~)0.554s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.472s (~)11.023s (~)0.551s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.474s (~)11.018s (~)0.545s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.499s (~)11.015s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.513s (~)11.020s (~)0.507s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express11.801s (+1.1%)13.659s (+3.0%)1.858s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro12.107s (+3.3%)13.713s (~)1.607s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)13.913s (+5.8% 🔺)15.561s (+4.6%)1.648s21.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.567s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.460s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.580s (~)14.018s (~)0.438s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.654s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.373s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.741s (+0.9%)14.019s (~)0.278s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.747s (+1.2%)14.028s (~)0.281s51.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.749s (+0.9%)14.020s (~)0.271s51.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.902s (+2.9%)18.875s (+4.6%)1.973s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro17.077s (+5.0% 🔺)18.429s (-1.1%)1.352s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)18.437s (-1.6%)20.785s (+1.2%)2.348s31.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express12.221s (~)12.649s (-2.9%)0.428s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.310s (-2.3%)13.017s (-1.1%)0.707s71.01x
💻 LocalNitro12.322s (+0.7%)13.025s (~)0.702s71.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.350s (+1.0%)13.020s (~)0.670s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.448s (+2.2%)13.019s (~)0.571s71.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.489s (+0.5%)13.025s (~)0.536s71.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.980s (+11.5% 🔺)21.485s (+8.8% 🔺)1.505s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress20.990s (+18.7% 🔺)23.005s (+20.0% 🔺)2.015s41.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)22.965s (+12.6% 🔺)25.037s (+11.0% 🔺)2.072s41.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.183s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.824s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.196s (~)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.197s (+1.2%)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (-2.5%)2.006s (~)0.611s151.18x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+3.1%)2.007s (~)0.585s151.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.451s (-4.6%)2.006s (~)0.555s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.195s (~)3.798s (+8.6% 🔺)1.603s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.530s (+10.9% 🔺)3.768s (-2.1%)1.238s81.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.875s (+21.5% 🔺)5.332s (+8.8% 🔺)1.457s61.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.309s (-0.7%)3.010s (+3.1%)1.701s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.312s (-1.2%)2.470s (+3.2%)1.157s131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.352s (-0.8%)2.151s (-7.1% 🟢)0.799s141.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.425s (-11.4% 🟢)2.918s (-9.1% 🟢)0.493s111.85x
💻 LocalNitro2.532s (+1.7%)3.009s (+3.2%)0.477s101.93x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.863s (+11.4% 🔺)3.108s (~)0.245s102.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.059s (+21.5% 🔺)4.490s (+17.4% 🔺)1.431s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.088s (+26.2% 🔺)4.675s (+31.1% 🔺)1.587s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.456s (+24.5% 🔺)6.014s (+13.2% 🔺)1.558s51.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (+0.8%)4.137s (~)2.521s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.628s (+1.5%)4.262s (+3.0%)2.634s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.135s (+5.9% 🔺)6.014s (~)2.879s51.94x
💻 LocalExpress5.456s (-23.2% 🟢)6.418s (-15.7% 🟢)0.962s53.37x
💻 LocalNitro6.976s (+21.6% 🔺)7.516s (+13.6% 🔺)0.540s44.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.172s (+20.4% 🔺)9.020s (+20.0% 🔺)0.848s45.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.251s (+21.3% 🔺)4.973s (+10.1% 🔺)1.722s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.861s (+43.3% 🔺)5.401s (+19.5% 🔺)1.540s61.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.937s (+21.6% 🔺)6.606s (+10.7% 🔺)1.669s51.52x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.181s (-0.9%)2.008s (~)0.827s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.194s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.203s (~)2.007s (~)0.804s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.377s (-4.2%)2.007s (~)0.630s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.431s (+6.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.575s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.494s (+0.7%)2.007s (~)0.512s151.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.367s (+13.7% 🔺)4.204s (+26.1% 🔺)1.837s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.486s (+26.7% 🔺)3.831s (+2.4%)1.345s81.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.391s (+10.2% 🔺)4.974s (+4.4%)1.583s71.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.308s (~)2.393s (-4.6%)1.085s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.314s (~)2.918s (-3.0%)1.604s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+1.0%)2.472s (+3.2%)1.138s131.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.493s (-1.7%)3.008s (-6.3% 🟢)0.516s101.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.525s (-6.1% 🟢)3.010s (-10.0% 🟢)0.485s101.93x
💻 LocalNitro2.567s (+3.8%)3.008s (~)0.441s101.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.564s (-3.7%)3.859s (-7.4% 🟢)1.294s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.581s (+7.4% 🔺)4.312s (+18.1% 🔺)1.731s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.915s (+16.7% 🔺)5.552s (+10.6% 🔺)1.636s61.53x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.609s (~)4.137s (~)2.529s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.629s (~)4.010s (-3.0%)2.381s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.373s (+31.4% 🔺)6.220s (+3.4%)2.847s52.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.699s (-20.8% 🟢)6.214s (-20.0% 🟢)0.515s53.54x
💻 LocalExpress6.222s (-10.6% 🟢)7.018s (-9.7% 🟢)0.797s53.87x
💻 LocalNitro6.647s (+9.3% 🔺)7.215s (+5.9% 🔺)0.568s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.430s (+14.3% 🔺)4.811s (-2.2%)1.382s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.783s (+24.7% 🔺)5.559s (+18.8% 🔺)1.776s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.233s (-5.0% 🟢)6.036s (-1.8%)1.804s51.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.576s (-2.2%)1.005s (-1.6%)0.429s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.579s (-7.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.426s601.01x
💻 LocalExpress0.585s (-1.1%)1.022s (+1.7%)0.437s591.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.586s (+6.3% 🔺)1.024s (+1.7%)0.438s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.605s (+10.3% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.454s571.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.609s (+12.7% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.450s571.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.924s (+9.7% 🔺)4.449s (+4.0%)1.526s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.050s (+21.4% 🔺)4.759s (+18.6% 🔺)1.710s131.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.792s (-2.8%)5.485s (-2.2%)1.693s111.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.319s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.688s451.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.325s (+2.3%)2.007s (~)0.682s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.350s (+3.2%)2.007s (~)0.657s451.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.409s (-4.2%)2.006s (~)0.596s451.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.469s (+3.2%)2.006s (~)0.538s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.502s (-2.4%)2.006s (~)0.504s451.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro7.147s (+18.7% 🔺)8.761s (+14.5% 🔺)1.614s111.00x
▲ VercelExpress7.180s (+20.3% 🔺)8.795s (+21.2% 🔺)1.615s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)9.472s (+14.6% 🔺)11.418s (+17.0% 🔺)1.946s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.529s (~)3.033s (-0.8%)0.504s401.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.639s (+2.5%)3.058s (-0.9%)0.419s401.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.674s (-1.2%)3.009s (-2.5%)0.335s401.06x
💻 LocalExpress3.105s (-3.4%)3.759s (-6.3% 🟢)0.654s321.23x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.189s (-6.3% 🟢)3.977s (-1.6%)0.788s311.26x
💻 LocalNitro3.224s (+1.6%)3.977s (+4.9%)0.753s311.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.264s (+22.2% 🔺)16.486s (+24.7% 🔺)2.222s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro14.462s (+20.0% 🔺)16.302s (+18.6% 🔺)1.840s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)20.620s (+26.2% 🔺)22.485s (+23.0% 🔺)1.865s61.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.184s (+4.8%)1.006s (~)0.822s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (-1.8%)1.006s (~)0.796s601.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.221s (+2.8%)1.006s (~)0.785s601.20x
💻 LocalExpress0.442s (+0.8%)1.004s (~)0.563s602.40x
💻 LocalNitro0.482s (+8.4% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.523s602.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (-7.5% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.398s603.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.201s (+17.1% 🔺)2.803s (+19.5% 🔺)1.602s221.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.373s (+32.3% 🔺)2.668s (+1.7%)1.295s231.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.650s (+26.9% 🔺)4.407s (+16.7% 🔺)1.757s142.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.318s (+12.7% 🔺)1.042s (+2.4%)0.724s871.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.319s (-1.3%)1.006s (~)0.687s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.330s (-1.3%)1.017s (+1.1%)0.688s891.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.053s (-2.4%)2.610s (-4.6%)0.557s356.46x
💻 LocalNitro2.257s (+3.2%)2.916s (+4.3%)0.660s327.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.776s (-1.2%)3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)0.335s298.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.753s (+31.8% 🔺)3.455s (+23.1% 🔺)1.702s271.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.026s (+53.5% 🔺)3.767s (+47.2% 🔺)1.740s241.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.685s (+40.6% 🔺)5.349s (+32.3% 🔺)1.665s172.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.527s (~)3.034s (-2.5%)2.508s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.528s (+1.5%)1.068s (+3.6%)0.541s1131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.533s (+0.6%)1.078s (+2.7%)0.544s1121.01x
💻 LocalExpress9.492s (-5.6% 🟢)10.611s (-5.3% 🟢)1.119s1218.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.307s (+1.3%)11.395s (+1.7%)1.087s1119.58x
💻 LocalNitro10.479s (+8.6% 🔺)11.210s (+4.0%)0.731s1119.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.993s (+47.5% 🔺)4.690s (+19.2% 🔺)1.698s261.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.057s (+73.6% 🔺)5.138s (+49.5% 🔺)2.081s241.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.833s (+22.4% 🔺)6.852s (+22.3% 🔺)2.019s181.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.140s (-2.2%)1.967s (~)0.013s (-0.8%)2.021s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.153s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-16.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.864s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.159s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+15.2% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.861s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.163s (~)2.001s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.848s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.166s (~)1.996s (~)0.002s (+14.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.181s (+0.9%)1.995s (~)0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.830s101.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.957s (-3.3%)2.974s (-9.3% 🟢)2.067s (+21.5% 🔺)5.488s (~)3.531s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.099s (+5.1% 🔺)3.266s (+10.8% 🔺)1.988s (-4.0%)5.750s (+4.3%)3.652s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.183s (+16.6% 🔺)4.089s (+3.7%)1.391s (-2.9%)7.278s (+5.1% 🔺)3.095s102.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.544s (-1.3%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.482s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.551s (~)2.010s (~)0.012s (-9.8% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.473s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.554s (+0.9%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+6.8% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.472s301.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.572s (+1.7%)2.010s (~)0.013s (+7.2% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.454s301.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.598s (-3.4%)1.970s (-1.6%)0.012s (-9.5% 🟢)2.025s (-1.7%)0.427s301.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (-2.7%)2.008s (~)0.005s (-11.3% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.417s301.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.946s (+6.8% 🔺)7.608s (+11.1% 🔺)0.530s (+145.2% 🔺)8.663s (+15.7% 🔺)2.718s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.191s (+9.8% 🔺)7.380s (+3.7%)0.207s (-11.0% 🟢)8.082s (+3.1%)1.891s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.884s (+18.2% 🔺)11.408s (+10.1% 🔺)0.167s (-68.6% 🟢)13.019s (+9.5% 🔺)2.136s51.83x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.770s (~)1.046s (~)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)1.062s (~)0.292s571.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.784s (+2.1%)1.063s (+1.5%)0.000s (~)1.078s (~)0.294s561.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.049s (+0.6%)1.565s (+1.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.573s (+1.7%)0.524s391.36x
💻 LocalNitro1.261s (-2.6%)1.982s (-1.5%)0.000s (+50.5% 🔺)1.985s (-1.5%)0.724s311.64x
💻 LocalExpress1.325s (+2.4%)1.981s (-1.6%)0.000s (+117.7% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.660s311.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.344s (-4.7%)1.979s (~)0.001s (-38.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.672s301.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.150s (+9.1% 🔺)4.537s (+8.8% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.097s (+10.6% 🔺)1.947s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.297s (+10.8% 🔺)4.320s (-1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.796s (-1.5%)1.500s131.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.375s (+19.9% 🔺)6.132s (+12.7% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.259s (+15.6% 🔺)1.884s91.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.677s (-0.7%)2.266s (-1.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.313s (~)0.635s261.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.999s (+13.9% 🔺)2.577s (+12.5% 🔺)0.000s (-43.8% 🟢)2.594s (+12.6% 🔺)0.596s241.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.820s (-2.8%)3.267s (-3.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)3.275s (-3.9%)0.455s191.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.496s (-4.1%)3.928s (-4.7%)0.001s (+66.7% 🔺)3.972s (-4.8%)0.475s162.08x
💻 LocalExpress3.602s (-1.9%)4.160s (~)0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)4.164s (~)0.563s152.15x
💻 LocalNitro3.752s (+0.5%)4.312s (+2.0%)0.001s (+7.1% 🔺)4.315s (+2.0%)0.564s142.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.923s (+15.1% 🔺)6.298s (+14.9% 🔺)0.000s (+22.2% 🔺)6.833s (+15.3% 🔺)1.910s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.991s (+15.8% 🔺)5.881s (+2.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.481s (+4.2%)1.490s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.095s (+25.8% 🔺)8.973s (+27.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)10.351s (+26.7% 🔺)2.255s61.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress16/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelExpress11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

Comment thread.changeset/spotty-pagination-progress.md Outdated
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
// spin `while (hasMore)` forever while `appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result
// flat. Treating zero forward progress as a contract violation bounds the
// loop without an arbitrary page cap.
if (!addedNewEvents) {

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This tightens the events.list contract for every @workflow/world implementation: a non-final page must now contain at least one event that is new relative to earlier pages in the same load. The shared pagination docs still describe cursor as an opaque token in packages/world/src/shared.ts, so a community world that legitimately replays a fully overlapping page before reaching new rows would now start throwing WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR after a core upgrade. Please codify that stronger progress guarantee in @workflow/world in the same PR so the new failure mode is part of the public contract, not just a runtime assumption.

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AI Review: Note

Good catch. Codified the forward-progress guarantee in the events.list contract in packages/world/src/interfaces.ts (a hasMore: true page must surface at least one event not seen in an earlier page of the same load; a hasMore: false page may legitimately be empty), and cross-referenced it from the shared hasMore field in packages/world/src/shared.ts. So the WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR failure mode is now part of the public contract rather than just a runtime assumption. Done in fdd53a1.

Document the progress guarantee that core now enforces: a `hasMore: true`
page must surface at least one new event. Addresses review feedback on the
public-contract gap in @workflow/world.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Remove or un-stick sticky/fixed headers that block content (function() { function unstick() { document.querySelectorAll('header, nav, [role="banner"], .header, .navbar, .sticky, .fixed-top, [style*="position: fixed"], [style*="position:sticky"]').forEach(function(el) { if (el.style.position === 'fixed' || el.style.position === 'sticky' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'fixed' || getComputedStyle(el).position === 'sticky') { el.style.position = 'static'; el.style.top = 'auto'; el.style.zIndex = 'auto'; } }); } unstick(); var observer = new MutationObserver(unstick); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true, attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['style', 'class'] }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Kill Sticky Headers]', __e); } })(); })(); [core] Bound event pagination against non-progressing pages by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2187 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented May 31, 2026

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Follow-up to #2179 (comment) which hardened event list cursor parsing, to further protect it against cursor llops.

These changes specifically protect against a backend that restarts the read at the beginning (it re-issues a cursor we already requested). It does not bound the loop against a backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or fully-overlapping pages while reporting hasMore: true: no cursor ever repeats, appendUniqueEvents keeps the result flat, and while (hasMore) spins forever.

The change is to treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR. A legitimate non-final page over an ascending cursor must surface at least one event after the cursor, so this can't false-positive on large runs — and it needs no arbitrary page-count cap (avoids a magic number that would need sizing above the largest legitimate run).

A backend that keeps returning fresh cursors with empty or
fully-overlapping pages while reporting `hasMore: true` would spin the
`loadWorkflowRunEvents` loop forever — the existing cursor guards only
catch a cursor that repeats a previously requested value, and
`appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result flat instead of growing.
Treat a non-final page that adds zero new events as a world contract
error. This fully closes the non-progression hole without an arbitrary
page-count cap.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested a review from a team as a code ownerMay 31, 2026 09:14
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0531d82

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/worldPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
@workflow/world-vercelPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express0.044s (-9.7% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.962s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+6.6% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.960s101.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.050s (-11.1% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.957s101.13x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.059s (-2.6%)1.012s (~)0.953s101.36x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.072s (+9.5% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.939s101.65x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.074s (+15.8% 🔺)1.012s (~)0.938s101.69x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.239s (-7.8% 🟢)1.780s (-15.3% 🟢)1.541s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.332s (+57.6% 🔺)1.980s (-2.0%)1.648s101.39x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.811s (+230.3% 🔺)2.761s (+16.3% 🔺)1.951s103.39x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express1.077s (-0.6%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.085s (-0.8%)2.006s (~)0.922s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.086s (+0.5%)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.101s (+0.7%)2.011s (~)0.909s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.102s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.907s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.103s (+1.0%)2.010s (~)0.908s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.364s (-1.4%)3.047s (+6.1% 🔺)1.683s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.405s (~)3.090s (~)1.684s101.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.559s (+8.6% 🔺)4.372s (+18.7% 🔺)1.813s101.88x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express10.428s (~)11.022s (~)0.593s31.00x
💻 LocalNitro10.468s (~)11.022s (~)0.554s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.472s (~)11.023s (~)0.551s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.474s (~)11.018s (~)0.545s31.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.499s (~)11.015s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.513s (~)11.020s (~)0.507s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express11.801s (+1.1%)13.659s (+3.0%)1.858s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro12.107s (+3.3%)13.713s (~)1.607s31.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)13.913s (+5.8% 🔺)15.561s (+4.6%)1.648s21.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express13.567s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.460s51.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.580s (~)14.018s (~)0.438s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.654s (-0.6%)14.027s (~)0.373s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.741s (+0.9%)14.019s (~)0.278s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.747s (+1.2%)14.028s (~)0.281s51.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.749s (+0.9%)14.020s (~)0.271s51.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express16.902s (+2.9%)18.875s (+4.6%)1.973s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro17.077s (+5.0% 🔺)18.429s (-1.1%)1.352s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)18.437s (-1.6%)20.785s (+1.2%)2.348s31.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Express12.221s (~)12.649s (-2.9%)0.428s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.310s (-2.3%)13.017s (-1.1%)0.707s71.01x
💻 LocalNitro12.322s (+0.7%)13.025s (~)0.702s71.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.350s (+1.0%)13.020s (~)0.670s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.448s (+2.2%)13.019s (~)0.571s71.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.489s (+0.5%)13.025s (~)0.536s71.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro19.980s (+11.5% 🔺)21.485s (+8.8% 🔺)1.505s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress20.990s (+18.7% 🔺)23.005s (+20.0% 🔺)2.015s41.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)22.965s (+12.6% 🔺)25.037s (+11.0% 🔺)2.072s41.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.183s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.824s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.196s (~)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.197s (+1.2%)2.007s (~)0.811s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (-2.5%)2.006s (~)0.611s151.18x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+3.1%)2.007s (~)0.585s151.20x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.451s (-4.6%)2.006s (~)0.555s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.195s (~)3.798s (+8.6% 🔺)1.603s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.530s (+10.9% 🔺)3.768s (-2.1%)1.238s81.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.875s (+21.5% 🔺)5.332s (+8.8% 🔺)1.457s61.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.309s (-0.7%)3.010s (+3.1%)1.701s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.312s (-1.2%)2.470s (+3.2%)1.157s131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.352s (-0.8%)2.151s (-7.1% 🟢)0.799s141.03x
💻 LocalExpress2.425s (-11.4% 🟢)2.918s (-9.1% 🟢)0.493s111.85x
💻 LocalNitro2.532s (+1.7%)3.009s (+3.2%)0.477s101.93x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.863s (+11.4% 🔺)3.108s (~)0.245s102.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.059s (+21.5% 🔺)4.490s (+17.4% 🔺)1.431s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.088s (+26.2% 🔺)4.675s (+31.1% 🔺)1.587s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.456s (+24.5% 🔺)6.014s (+13.2% 🔺)1.558s51.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (+0.8%)4.137s (~)2.521s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.628s (+1.5%)4.262s (+3.0%)2.634s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.135s (+5.9% 🔺)6.014s (~)2.879s51.94x
💻 LocalExpress5.456s (-23.2% 🟢)6.418s (-15.7% 🟢)0.962s53.37x
💻 LocalNitro6.976s (+21.6% 🔺)7.516s (+13.6% 🔺)0.540s44.32x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)8.172s (+20.4% 🔺)9.020s (+20.0% 🔺)0.848s45.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.251s (+21.3% 🔺)4.973s (+10.1% 🔺)1.722s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.861s (+43.3% 🔺)5.401s (+19.5% 🔺)1.540s61.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.937s (+21.6% 🔺)6.606s (+10.7% 🔺)1.669s51.52x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.181s (-0.9%)2.008s (~)0.827s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.194s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.203s (~)2.007s (~)0.804s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.377s (-4.2%)2.007s (~)0.630s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.431s (+6.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.575s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.494s (+0.7%)2.007s (~)0.512s151.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.367s (+13.7% 🔺)4.204s (+26.1% 🔺)1.837s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.486s (+26.7% 🔺)3.831s (+2.4%)1.345s81.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.391s (+10.2% 🔺)4.974s (+4.4%)1.583s71.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.308s (~)2.393s (-4.6%)1.085s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.314s (~)2.918s (-3.0%)1.604s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+1.0%)2.472s (+3.2%)1.138s131.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.493s (-1.7%)3.008s (-6.3% 🟢)0.516s101.91x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.525s (-6.1% 🟢)3.010s (-10.0% 🟢)0.485s101.93x
💻 LocalNitro2.567s (+3.8%)3.008s (~)0.441s101.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.564s (-3.7%)3.859s (-7.4% 🟢)1.294s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.581s (+7.4% 🔺)4.312s (+18.1% 🔺)1.731s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.915s (+16.7% 🔺)5.552s (+10.6% 🔺)1.636s61.53x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.609s (~)4.137s (~)2.529s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.629s (~)4.010s (-3.0%)2.381s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.373s (+31.4% 🔺)6.220s (+3.4%)2.847s52.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.699s (-20.8% 🟢)6.214s (-20.0% 🟢)0.515s53.54x
💻 LocalExpress6.222s (-10.6% 🟢)7.018s (-9.7% 🟢)0.797s53.87x
💻 LocalNitro6.647s (+9.3% 🔺)7.215s (+5.9% 🔺)0.568s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.430s (+14.3% 🔺)4.811s (-2.2%)1.382s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.783s (+24.7% 🔺)5.559s (+18.8% 🔺)1.776s61.10x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.233s (-5.0% 🟢)6.036s (-1.8%)1.804s51.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.576s (-2.2%)1.005s (-1.6%)0.429s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.579s (-7.1% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.426s601.01x
💻 LocalExpress0.585s (-1.1%)1.022s (+1.7%)0.437s591.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.586s (+6.3% 🔺)1.024s (+1.7%)0.438s591.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.605s (+10.3% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.454s571.05x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.609s (+12.7% 🔺)1.059s (+3.5%)0.450s571.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.924s (+9.7% 🔺)4.449s (+4.0%)1.526s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.050s (+21.4% 🔺)4.759s (+18.6% 🔺)1.710s131.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.792s (-2.8%)5.485s (-2.2%)1.693s111.30x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.319s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.688s451.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.325s (+2.3%)2.007s (~)0.682s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.350s (+3.2%)2.007s (~)0.657s451.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.409s (-4.2%)2.006s (~)0.596s451.07x
💻 LocalNitro1.469s (+3.2%)2.006s (~)0.538s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.502s (-2.4%)2.006s (~)0.504s451.14x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro7.147s (+18.7% 🔺)8.761s (+14.5% 🔺)1.614s111.00x
▲ VercelExpress7.180s (+20.3% 🔺)8.795s (+21.2% 🔺)1.615s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)9.472s (+14.6% 🔺)11.418s (+17.0% 🔺)1.946s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro2.529s (~)3.033s (-0.8%)0.504s401.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.639s (+2.5%)3.058s (-0.9%)0.419s401.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.674s (-1.2%)3.009s (-2.5%)0.335s401.06x
💻 LocalExpress3.105s (-3.4%)3.759s (-6.3% 🟢)0.654s321.23x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.189s (-6.3% 🟢)3.977s (-1.6%)0.788s311.26x
💻 LocalNitro3.224s (+1.6%)3.977s (+4.9%)0.753s311.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.264s (+22.2% 🔺)16.486s (+24.7% 🔺)2.222s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro14.462s (+20.0% 🔺)16.302s (+18.6% 🔺)1.840s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)20.620s (+26.2% 🔺)22.485s (+23.0% 🔺)1.865s61.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.184s (+4.8%)1.006s (~)0.822s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (-1.8%)1.006s (~)0.796s601.14x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.221s (+2.8%)1.006s (~)0.785s601.20x
💻 LocalExpress0.442s (+0.8%)1.004s (~)0.563s602.40x
💻 LocalNitro0.482s (+8.4% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.523s602.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (-7.5% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.398s603.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.201s (+17.1% 🔺)2.803s (+19.5% 🔺)1.602s221.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.373s (+32.3% 🔺)2.668s (+1.7%)1.295s231.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.650s (+26.9% 🔺)4.407s (+16.7% 🔺)1.757s142.21x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.318s (+12.7% 🔺)1.042s (+2.4%)0.724s871.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.319s (-1.3%)1.006s (~)0.687s901.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.330s (-1.3%)1.017s (+1.1%)0.688s891.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.053s (-2.4%)2.610s (-4.6%)0.557s356.46x
💻 LocalNitro2.257s (+3.2%)2.916s (+4.3%)0.660s327.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.776s (-1.2%)3.111s (-12.3% 🟢)0.335s298.74x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.753s (+31.8% 🔺)3.455s (+23.1% 🔺)1.702s271.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.026s (+53.5% 🔺)3.767s (+47.2% 🔺)1.740s241.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.685s (+40.6% 🔺)5.349s (+32.3% 🔺)1.665s172.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.527s (~)3.034s (-2.5%)2.508s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.528s (+1.5%)1.068s (+3.6%)0.541s1131.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.533s (+0.6%)1.078s (+2.7%)0.544s1121.01x
💻 LocalExpress9.492s (-5.6% 🟢)10.611s (-5.3% 🟢)1.119s1218.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.307s (+1.3%)11.395s (+1.7%)1.087s1119.58x
💻 LocalNitro10.479s (+8.6% 🔺)11.210s (+4.0%)0.731s1119.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.993s (+47.5% 🔺)4.690s (+19.2% 🔺)1.698s261.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.057s (+73.6% 🔺)5.138s (+49.5% 🔺)2.081s241.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.833s (+22.4% 🔺)6.852s (+22.3% 🔺)2.019s181.62x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.140s (-2.2%)1.967s (~)0.013s (-0.8%)2.021s (~)0.880s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.153s (-0.7%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-16.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.864s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.159s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+15.2% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.861s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.163s (~)2.001s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.848s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.166s (~)1.996s (~)0.002s (+14.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.181s (+0.9%)1.995s (~)0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)2.011s (~)0.830s101.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.957s (-3.3%)2.974s (-9.3% 🟢)2.067s (+21.5% 🔺)5.488s (~)3.531s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.099s (+5.1% 🔺)3.266s (+10.8% 🔺)1.988s (-4.0%)5.750s (+4.3%)3.652s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.183s (+16.6% 🔺)4.089s (+3.7%)1.391s (-2.9%)7.278s (+5.1% 🔺)3.095s102.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.544s (-1.3%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.482s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.551s (~)2.010s (~)0.012s (-9.8% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.473s301.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.554s (+0.9%)2.007s (~)0.005s (+6.8% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.472s301.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.572s (+1.7%)2.010s (~)0.013s (+7.2% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.454s301.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.598s (-3.4%)1.970s (-1.6%)0.012s (-9.5% 🟢)2.025s (-1.7%)0.427s301.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (-2.7%)2.008s (~)0.005s (-11.3% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.417s301.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.946s (+6.8% 🔺)7.608s (+11.1% 🔺)0.530s (+145.2% 🔺)8.663s (+15.7% 🔺)2.718s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.191s (+9.8% 🔺)7.380s (+3.7%)0.207s (-11.0% 🟢)8.082s (+3.1%)1.891s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.884s (+18.2% 🔺)11.408s (+10.1% 🔺)0.167s (-68.6% 🟢)13.019s (+9.5% 🔺)2.136s51.83x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.770s (~)1.046s (~)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)1.062s (~)0.292s571.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.784s (+2.1%)1.063s (+1.5%)0.000s (~)1.078s (~)0.294s561.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.049s (+0.6%)1.565s (+1.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.573s (+1.7%)0.524s391.36x
💻 LocalNitro1.261s (-2.6%)1.982s (-1.5%)0.000s (+50.5% 🔺)1.985s (-1.5%)0.724s311.64x
💻 LocalExpress1.325s (+2.4%)1.981s (-1.6%)0.000s (+117.7% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.660s311.72x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.344s (-4.7%)1.979s (~)0.001s (-38.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.672s301.75x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.150s (+9.1% 🔺)4.537s (+8.8% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)5.097s (+10.6% 🔺)1.947s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.297s (+10.8% 🔺)4.320s (-1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.796s (-1.5%)1.500s131.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.375s (+19.9% 🔺)6.132s (+12.7% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.259s (+15.6% 🔺)1.884s91.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.677s (-0.7%)2.266s (-1.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.313s (~)0.635s261.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.999s (+13.9% 🔺)2.577s (+12.5% 🔺)0.000s (-43.8% 🟢)2.594s (+12.6% 🔺)0.596s241.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.820s (-2.8%)3.267s (-3.6%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)3.275s (-3.9%)0.455s191.68x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.496s (-4.1%)3.928s (-4.7%)0.001s (+66.7% 🔺)3.972s (-4.8%)0.475s162.08x
💻 LocalExpress3.602s (-1.9%)4.160s (~)0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)4.164s (~)0.563s152.15x
💻 LocalNitro3.752s (+0.5%)4.312s (+2.0%)0.001s (+7.1% 🔺)4.315s (+2.0%)0.564s142.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.923s (+15.1% 🔺)6.298s (+14.9% 🔺)0.000s (+22.2% 🔺)6.833s (+15.3% 🔺)1.910s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.991s (+15.8% 🔺)5.881s (+2.8%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.481s (+4.2%)1.490s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)8.095s (+25.8% 🔺)8.973s (+27.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)10.351s (+26.7% 🔺)2.255s61.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalExpress16/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)9/21
▲ VercelExpress11/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

@github-actions

github-actionsBot commented May 31, 2026

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

Comment thread.changeset/spotty-pagination-progress.md Outdated
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
// spin `while (hasMore)` forever while `appendUniqueEvents` keeps the result
// flat. Treating zero forward progress as a contract violation bounds the
// loop without an arbitrary page cap.
if (!addedNewEvents) {

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This tightens the events.list contract for every @workflow/world implementation: a non-final page must now contain at least one event that is new relative to earlier pages in the same load. The shared pagination docs still describe cursor as an opaque token in packages/world/src/shared.ts, so a community world that legitimately replays a fully overlapping page before reaching new rows would now start throwing WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR after a core upgrade. Please codify that stronger progress guarantee in @workflow/world in the same PR so the new failure mode is part of the public contract, not just a runtime assumption.

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AI Review: Note

Good catch. Codified the forward-progress guarantee in the events.list contract in packages/world/src/interfaces.ts (a hasMore: true page must surface at least one event not seen in an earlier page of the same load; a hasMore: false page may legitimately be empty), and cross-referenced it from the shared hasMore field in packages/world/src/shared.ts. So the WORLD_CONTRACT_ERROR failure mode is now part of the public contract rather than just a runtime assumption. Done in fdd53a1.

Document the progress guarantee that core now enforces: a `hasMore: true`
page must surface at least one new event. Addresses review feedback on the
public-contract gap in @workflow/world.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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2 participants

@VaguelySerious@pranaygp