test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies - #2387

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pranaygp/idempotency-strategy-e2e
Jun 13, 2026
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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies#2387
pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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pranaygp/idempotency-strategy-e2e

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Summary

Adds e2e coverage for the run-idempotency patterns and conflict-handling strategies documented in #2011 (built on hook.getConflict() from #2373). Before this, e2e coverage proved claim-without-payload and conflict detection, but none of the documented strategies — and the purest use case (hooks purely as a run mutex, never carrying data) had no owner-side coverage.

New tests (packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts + workflows in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts)

  • hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow — pure run mutex. The owner claims the token via getConflict(), holds it through a slow step, and never awaits payload data (asserted via zero hook_received events). A duplicate started during the hold identifies the owner; after the owner completes, the token is released and a third run claims it cleanly.
  • hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow — adopt the owner's result. The duplicate awaits conflict.returnValue and returns the owner's exact result, proving callers can't tell which run did the work.
  • hookSignalOwnerWorkflow — signal the owner. The duplicate forwards its own input into the owner's hook via resumeHook() from a step; the owner completes with the forwarded payload.
  • hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow — newest-wins. The duplicate cancels the owner via conflict.cancel() and reclaims the released token through the documented retry loop; asserts the owner ends cancelled and the new owner receives payloads on the reclaimed token.
  • Resume-or-start route pattern. Exercises the documented route-side flow directly from the test: resumeHook fails with HookNotFoundError before any run exists, then start() + retried resume reaches the started run without dropping the payload.

Validation

  • cd workbench/example && pnpm build (workflows compile through the SWC plugin)
  • Full hook e2e suite against local nextjs-turbopack dev server: 25 tests pass, including all 5 new ones

Changeset: patch for workflow/@workflow/core (test-only; rides along on the next bump).

Covers the patterns documented in foundations/idempotency:
- claim-only hook mutex: token claimed and held with no payload data,
duplicate identifies the owner, token released after completion
- adopt the owner's result via conflict.returnValue
- signal the owner: duplicate forwards its payload via resumeHook
- supersede: duplicate cancels the owner and reclaims the token
- route-side resume-or-start retry pattern reaching the started run
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings June 12, 2026 21:30
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerJune 12, 2026 21:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0237347

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.036s (-10.2% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.969s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.041s (+50.5% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.965s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.048s (-15.5% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.963s101.31x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s (+1.0%)1.007s (~)0.946s101.69x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-1.8%)1.013s (~)0.947s101.81x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.067s (-2.1%)1.012s (~)0.945s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.308s (+11.5% 🔺)2.339s (-19.3% 🟢)2.031s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.345s (+19.0% 🔺)2.153s (-3.7%)1.808s101.12x
▲ VercelExpress0.361s (+21.3% 🔺)2.309s (-6.0% 🟢)1.948s101.17x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.074s (-1.7%)2.005s (~)0.931s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.090s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.916s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.119s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.891s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.140s (+0.6%)2.007s (~)0.867s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.143s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.866s101.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.163s (+4.8%)2.008s (~)0.845s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.622s (~)3.642s (-2.2%)2.021s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.730s (+7.3% 🔺)3.407s (+1.3%)1.677s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.774s (+10.5% 🔺)3.631s (-4.2%)1.857s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.413s (-1.3%)11.020s (~)0.607s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.515s (+1.3%)11.022s (~)0.507s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.618s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.406s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.665s (+1.1%)11.017s (~)0.352s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.798s (~)11.017s (~)0.220s31.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.823s (~)11.023s (~)0.200s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.885s (+3.0%)15.740s (+4.0%)1.855s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress14.582s (+6.8% 🔺)16.295s (+5.3% 🔺)1.713s21.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.806s (+4.2%)16.697s (+0.6%)1.891s21.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro13.499s (-1.9%)14.026s (~)0.527s51.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.649s (-1.1%)14.017s (~)0.368s51.01x
💻 LocalExpress13.797s (+3.2%)14.026s (~)0.229s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.912s (+0.7%)14.223s (+1.5%)0.310s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.408s (~)15.029s (~)0.621s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.453s (~)15.018s (~)0.565s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express23.175s (+10.3% 🔺)24.986s (+8.3% 🔺)1.811s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro24.384s (+19.5% 🔺)26.134s (+16.2% 🔺)1.750s31.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.658s (+11.9% 🔺)26.904s (+10.2% 🔺)2.245s31.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro11.955s (-3.6%)12.146s (-6.8% 🟢)0.191s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.174s (-5.9% 🟢)12.872s (-3.3%)0.698s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.387s (+5.9% 🔺)13.025s (+8.3% 🔺)0.638s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.708s (+1.4%)13.021s (~)0.313s71.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.764s (+0.5%)14.026s (~)0.262s71.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.809s (~)14.164s (+1.0%)0.355s71.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express34.843s (+8.6% 🔺)36.913s (+6.6% 🔺)2.070s31.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.971s (-1.0%)37.406s (~)2.435s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro35.627s (+12.0% 🔺)37.923s (+12.7% 🔺)2.296s31.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.172s (-7.5% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.182s (-1.8%)2.007s (~)0.825s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.195s (+4.7%)2.006s (~)0.811s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.215s (-2.9%)2.008s (~)0.793s151.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.289s (+1.0%)2.008s (~)0.718s151.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.363s (+2.9%)2.006s (~)0.643s151.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.755s (-3.2%)4.514s (-2.2%)1.759s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.897s (-13.3% 🟢)4.775s (-7.2% 🟢)1.878s71.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.148s (-31.7% 🟢)5.036s (-24.1% 🟢)1.888s61.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.449s (+7.3% 🔺)2.475s (+3.4%)1.026s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.496s (+6.1% 🔺)2.761s (+15.3% 🔺)1.264s121.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.586s (-8.3% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.419s151.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.689s (+5.9% 🔺)2.316s (+4.2%)0.626s131.17x
💻 LocalExpress1.701s (+16.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.304s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.851s (+12.9% 🔺)2.316s (+11.7% 🔺)0.464s131.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.325s (-6.4% 🟢)5.068s (-8.5% 🟢)1.742s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.770s (+2.9%)5.538s (+9.7% 🔺)1.768s61.13x
▲ VercelExpress3.835s (+23.1% 🔺)5.437s (+15.5% 🔺)1.602s61.15x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.718s (+6.1% 🔺)3.762s (-9.1% 🟢)2.044s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.756s (+11.4% 🔺)3.885s (~)2.129s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.293s (+4.0%)4.445s (+7.3% 🔺)1.152s71.92x
💻 LocalNitro3.787s (-19.8% 🟢)4.384s (-17.3% 🟢)0.598s82.20x
💻 LocalExpress4.515s (+66.2% 🔺)5.011s (+49.9% 🔺)0.497s62.63x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.048s (+26.1% 🔺)6.416s (+23.9% 🔺)0.368s53.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.175s (-15.8% 🟢)6.372s (-7.4% 🟢)2.198s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.379s (-16.1% 🟢)6.127s (-3.5%)1.747s51.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.873s (+0.9%)6.968s (+5.3% 🔺)2.095s51.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.157s (-4.1%)2.006s (~)0.849s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.229s (+2.4%)2.007s (~)0.778s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.285s (~)2.007s (~)0.721s151.11x
💻 LocalNitro1.342s (-10.8% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.663s151.16x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.402s (+0.8%)2.006s (~)0.604s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress1.532s (+22.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.474s151.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.232s (-22.3% 🟢)3.662s (-20.5% 🟢)1.430s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.275s (-6.7% 🟢)3.633s (+3.7%)1.359s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.460s (+0.9%)3.968s (-2.6%)1.509s81.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.270s (-8.6% 🟢)2.006s (-6.8% 🟢)0.736s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.451s (+6.3% 🔺)2.224s (-7.1% 🟢)0.773s141.14x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.480s (-0.5%)2.007s (~)0.527s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.685s (-19.0% 🟢)2.005s (-18.8% 🟢)0.320s151.33x
💻 LocalExpress2.031s (+27.8% 🔺)2.470s (+23.2% 🔺)0.439s131.60x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.059s (+0.5%)2.918s (+16.3% 🔺)0.859s111.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.909s (-44.4% 🟢)4.438s (-33.8% 🟢)1.529s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.121s (-12.0% 🟢)4.850s (-10.7% 🟢)1.729s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.208s (-3.9%)5.012s (-12.7% 🟢)1.804s61.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (-4.4%)3.455s (-13.9% 🟢)1.839s91.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.693s (-11.0% 🟢)4.143s (-3.7%)2.450s81.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.199s (+0.9%)5.014s (+2.9%)0.814s62.60x
💻 LocalNitro4.480s (-22.9% 🟢)5.016s (-24.2% 🟢)0.536s72.77x
💻 LocalExpress5.236s (+34.7% 🔺)5.681s (+33.3% 🔺)0.445s63.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.677s (+24.0% 🔺)7.217s (+23.4% 🔺)0.540s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.659s (-5.7% 🟢)5.712s (+4.5%)2.053s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.935s (-11.9% 🟢)5.860s (-9.5% 🟢)1.925s61.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.608s (-7.5% 🟢)6.777s (-1.1%)2.170s51.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.503s (-12.6% 🟢)1.024s (~)0.521s591.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.513s (-15.9% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.491s601.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.592s (+2.4%)1.007s (-1.6%)0.414s601.18x
💻 LocalExpress0.594s (+21.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.410s601.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.823s (~)1.006s (~)0.183s601.64x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.907s (~)1.076s (~)0.169s561.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.452s (-14.8% 🟢)7.026s (-11.1% 🟢)1.575s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.624s (+9.3% 🔺)7.459s (+9.2% 🔺)1.835s91.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.737s (+4.6%)7.898s (+6.5% 🔺)2.161s81.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.265s (-15.7% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.740s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.376s (+2.0%)2.007s (~)0.631s451.09x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.391s (+2.4%)2.101s (+4.7%)0.710s431.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.517s (+17.8% 🔺)2.028s (+2.2%)0.512s451.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.958s (+2.0%)2.227s (+6.0% 🔺)0.269s411.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.180s (+2.7%)3.008s (~)0.828s301.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.452s (-3.5%)16.665s (-1.8%)2.213s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.971s (-3.5%)17.347s (-1.5%)2.376s61.04x
▲ VercelNitro15.113s (+6.1% 🔺)16.984s (+9.1% 🔺)1.871s61.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.510s (-9.9% 🟢)3.222s (+1.9%)0.712s381.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.808s (+4.3%)3.111s (+1.7%)0.303s391.12x
💻 LocalNitro2.821s (-13.0% 🟢)3.109s (-22.4% 🟢)0.288s391.12x
💻 LocalExpress3.175s (+21.1% 🔺)3.912s (+25.8% 🔺)0.737s311.26x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.788s (-2.0%)4.009s (-3.3%)0.221s301.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.473s (+2.7%)5.011s (~)0.538s241.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.147s (+0.8%)27.937s (+1.0%)1.790s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress26.617s (-2.5%)28.981s (~)2.364s51.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)27.124s (-8.9% 🟢)29.042s (-8.6% 🟢)1.918s51.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.214s (-15.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.793s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.258s (+3.0%)1.006s (~)0.748s601.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.294s (~)1.006s (~)0.712s601.37x
💻 LocalNitro0.366s (-20.3% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.638s601.71x
💻 LocalExpress0.417s (+20.5% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.587s601.94x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-8.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.491s602.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.025s (-17.6% 🟢)3.559s (-11.1% 🟢)1.534s171.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-9.8% 🟢)4.083s (~)2.007s161.03x
▲ VercelExpress2.238s (-12.2% 🟢)4.065s (-5.3% 🟢)1.827s151.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.338s (-17.3% 🟢)1.008s (-3.1%)0.670s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.423s (+6.7% 🔺)1.029s (+2.2%)0.606s881.25x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)1.191s (+7.9% 🔺)0.585s761.79x
💻 LocalNitro1.912s (-14.9% 🟢)2.403s (-12.2% 🟢)0.490s385.65x
💻 LocalExpress2.127s (+40.6% 🔺)2.714s (+30.8% 🔺)0.588s346.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s (+11.6% 🔺)3.332s (+8.3% 🔺)0.673s287.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.663s (-30.0% 🟢)4.422s (-19.0% 🟢)1.760s211.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.896s (-23.4% 🟢)4.640s (-12.5% 🟢)1.744s201.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-19.9% 🟢)4.741s (-18.4% 🟢)1.700s191.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.755s (-7.3% 🟢)1.260s (-7.1% 🟢)0.505s961.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.823s (+3.1%)1.403s (+4.7%)0.580s861.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.822s (+6.5% 🔺)3.795s (+4.0%)0.974s323.74x
💻 LocalNitro8.184s (-13.8% 🟢)8.881s (-12.2% 🟢)0.697s1410.85x
💻 LocalExpress9.501s (+39.0% 🔺)10.111s (+34.5% 🔺)0.611s1212.59x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)11.106s (+1.0%)12.233s (+1.7%)1.127s1014.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro6.118s (-12.0% 🟢)7.698s (-9.1% 🟢)1.580s161.00x
▲ VercelExpress6.523s (-22.2% 🟢)8.410s (-16.9% 🟢)1.887s151.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.696s (-5.9% 🟢)9.626s (-4.8%)1.930s131.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.145s (-1.8%)2.004s (~)0.008s (-23.1% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.870s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (+3.9%)2.005s (~)0.010s (+78.6% 🔺)2.017s (~)0.861s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.185s (+1.1%)1.997s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.012s (~)0.827s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.212s (~)2.005s (~)0.013s (+33.7% 🔺)2.022s (~)0.810s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.226s (-2.4%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.783s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.240s (+5.0%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-61.5% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.768s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.320s (+4.8%)3.693s (+11.2% 🔺)0.729s (-39.8% 🟢)4.902s (-2.9%)2.583s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.480s (+11.9% 🔺)3.389s (-3.2%)1.169s (+5.9% 🔺)5.023s (~)2.543s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.490s (+12.8% 🔺)3.626s (-1.1%)1.017s (~)5.192s (~)2.702s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.476s (-6.9% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.009s (-26.7% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.544s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (+11.1% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.013s (+36.9% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.458s301.06x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.598s (~)2.003s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.428s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.673s (+4.2%)2.071s (+3.1%)0.004s (-21.3% 🟢)2.093s (+3.3%)0.420s291.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.762s (+2.4%)2.009s (~)0.014s (+22.1% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.264s301.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.777s (~)2.011s (~)0.005s (+45.0% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.248s301.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.823s (-13.3% 🟢)7.325s (-10.2% 🟢)0.176s (-9.5% 🟢)8.076s (-8.6% 🟢)2.253s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.990s (-0.8%)7.361s (+5.1% 🔺)0.163s (-17.9% 🟢)8.017s (+5.1% 🔺)2.027s81.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.003s (-5.6% 🟢)7.350s (-9.0% 🟢)0.297s (-7.5% 🟢)8.177s (-8.3% 🟢)2.173s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.792s (-2.5%)1.046s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.060s (-1.4%)0.268s571.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.880s (+8.9% 🔺)1.275s (+20.5% 🔺)0.000s (-70.2% 🟢)1.287s (+19.2% 🔺)0.407s471.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.026s (+5.4% 🔺)1.525s (+10.0% 🔺)0.000s (+65.0% 🔺)1.533s (+9.9% 🔺)0.506s401.30x
💻 LocalNitro1.222s (-15.4% 🟢)1.947s (-3.3%)0.000s (-35.5% 🟢)1.949s (-3.3%)0.727s311.54x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (+31.2% 🔺)2.013s (+14.8% 🔺)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)2.016s (+14.8% 🔺)0.621s301.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.472s (-3.2%)2.012s (~)0.000s (-14.3% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.543s301.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.724s (-16.1% 🟢)4.127s (-8.8% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)4.609s (-7.8% 🟢)1.885s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.788s (~)4.050s (+1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.603s (+5.2% 🔺)1.815s141.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.906s (-7.8% 🟢)4.559s (-3.2%)0.001s (+750.0% 🔺)5.046s (-2.9%)2.139s121.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.597s (~)2.133s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.163s (~)0.566s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.860s (+15.2% 🔺)2.372s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.408s (+11.8% 🔺)0.548s251.17x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.272s (+2.6%)2.697s (-1.2%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.746s (~)0.474s231.42x
💻 LocalNitro2.594s (-19.2% 🟢)3.022s (-22.6% 🟢)0.000s (-78.7% 🟢)3.024s (-22.6% 🟢)0.430s201.62x
💻 LocalExpress2.954s (+39.7% 🔺)3.669s (+43.4% 🔺)0.001s (+61.3% 🔺)3.677s (+43.4% 🔺)0.723s171.85x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-0.7%)3.614s (+1.9%)0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)3.618s (+1.7%)0.577s171.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.253s (-9.0% 🟢)5.863s (+3.5%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.454s (+6.2% 🔺)2.200s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.487s (-1.3%)5.931s (-2.4%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.593s (+0.9%)2.105s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.614s (-6.4% 🟢)6.400s (+0.9%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.992s (+2.5%)2.378s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro21/21
🐘 PostgresExpress14/21
▲ VercelExpress10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres11/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production143102191650
✅ 💻 Local Development188102192100
✅ 📦 Local Production188102192100
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres186702332100
✅ 🪟 Windows15000150
✅ 📋 Other87201781050
Total8082010689150

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro124026
✅ example124026
✅ express124026
✅ fastify124026
✅ hono124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack14802
✅ nextjs-webpack14802
✅ nitro124026
✅ nuxt124026
✅ sveltekit14307
✅ vite124026
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable124026
✅ express-stable124026
✅ fastify-stable124026
✅ hono-stable124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nitro-stable124026
✅ nuxt-stable124026
✅ sveltekit-stable14307
✅ vite-stable124026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15000
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable124026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-124026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start124026

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Adds new end-to-end coverage for the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies built on hook.getConflict(), including “claim-only mutex”, “adopt owner result”, “signal owner”, “supersede owner”, and a route-side resume-or-start retry pattern.

Changes:

  • Add four new workflow fixtures demonstrating conflict-handling strategies (hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow, hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow, hookSignalOwnerWorkflow, hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow).
  • Add five new e2e tests that exercise those strategies against the runtime (including event-level assertions and route-side retry behavior).
  • Wire default arguments for the new workflows into the workbench, and add a Changeset entry.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

FileDescription
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/app/workflows/definitions.tsAdds default args for the new e2e strategy workflows so they can be triggered from the workbench.
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsIntroduces new workflow fixtures implementing the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds e2e tests covering each strategy plus the resume-or-start retry flow.
.changeset/idempotency-strategy-e2e.mdAdds a Changeset entry describing the new e2e coverage.

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Comment threadpackages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +2077 to +2079
// The superseded owner ends up cancelled.
const { json: run1Data } = await cliInspectJson(`runs ${run1.runId}`);
expect(run1Data.status).toBe('cancelled');

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Fixed in 2e9d000: the test now awaits run1.returnValue and asserts WorkflowRunCancelledError.is(error) (matching the existing cancellation tests), alongside the status check. Note returnValue is a lazy getter so no pending promise existed before — but asserting the rejection both strengthens the test and guarantees nothing can leak if that changes.

… conflict
On slow runtimes the duplicate's first invocation could land after the
owner completed and released the token, making the duplicate a fresh
owner that waits forever for a payload (90s timeout across CI matrices).
Poll the duplicate's event log for hook_conflict before resuming the
owner, and widen the test timeout for the added gate budget.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edged in esbuild hang)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The 2e9d000 deployment's next build crashed in an esbuild hang but its
task (70724907c9dd3a29) was recorded into the turbo remote cache anyway,
so every subsequent build with the same input hash replays the broken
artifact (missing routes-manifest). Change a build input to force a
fresh execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Approve — the documented strategies now have teeth

Test-only PR closing the docs↔coverage gap: every conflict-handling strategy from the run-idempotency docs now has an e2e test proving it end-to-end. I ran the full hook suite (25 tests) plus the resume-or-start test against a local nextjs-turbopack dev server — all pass.

What's notably good:

  • The race-fix commit shows real understanding of the timing semantics. The adopt-owner-result test gates the owner's completion on run2 having observed the hook_conflict event — without it, a slow first invocation of run2 could land after the owner released the token, turning run2 into a fresh owner waiting forever. And the signal-owner test correctly omits that gate, because there the owner can only complete via the duplicate's forward — the dependency itself serializes the race. Gate where needed, not everywhere.
  • The claim-only mutex test asserts the negative: zero hook_received events on the owner — pinning "hooks as a pure run mutex" as a supported pattern rather than an accident, plus the full lifecycle (hold → duplicate identifies owner → release on completion → clean reclaim by a third run) with a poll-based release wait instead of a fixed sleep.
  • The supersede test handles the unhandled-rejection trap: run1.returnValue.catch(...) + WorkflowRunCancelledError.is() assertion both verifies the cancellation semantics and prevents the rejected promise from leaking out of the test — and double-checks via CLI inspect. The reclaim assertion (waitForHook filtered by run2.runId) correctly handles the disposal-propagation window.
  • The resume-or-start test exercises the documented route pattern directly — including the pre-start HookNotFoundError assertion, with a more forgiving retry budget (30s/250ms) than the docs' inline example.
  • Workflows live once in workbench/example and reach other workbenches via symlink, per convention; definitions.ts updated; empty changeset is right for test-only changes.

One process note for other reviewers: a two-dot diff against current main appears to delete #2385's reserved-attributes e2e test — that's the usual branch-point artifact (#2385 merged after this branch was cut), not a real deletion. The three-dot diff is purely additive (378+/0−) and the merge with current main is clean.

CI fully green. LGTM.

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2402. (backport job run)

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies - #2387

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pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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pranaygp/idempotency-strategy-e2e
Jun 13, 2026
Merged

test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies#2387
pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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pranaygp/idempotency-strategy-e2e

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Summary

Adds e2e coverage for the run-idempotency patterns and conflict-handling strategies documented in #2011 (built on hook.getConflict() from #2373). Before this, e2e coverage proved claim-without-payload and conflict detection, but none of the documented strategies — and the purest use case (hooks purely as a run mutex, never carrying data) had no owner-side coverage.

New tests (packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts + workflows in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts)

  • hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow — pure run mutex. The owner claims the token via getConflict(), holds it through a slow step, and never awaits payload data (asserted via zero hook_received events). A duplicate started during the hold identifies the owner; after the owner completes, the token is released and a third run claims it cleanly.
  • hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow — adopt the owner's result. The duplicate awaits conflict.returnValue and returns the owner's exact result, proving callers can't tell which run did the work.
  • hookSignalOwnerWorkflow — signal the owner. The duplicate forwards its own input into the owner's hook via resumeHook() from a step; the owner completes with the forwarded payload.
  • hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow — newest-wins. The duplicate cancels the owner via conflict.cancel() and reclaims the released token through the documented retry loop; asserts the owner ends cancelled and the new owner receives payloads on the reclaimed token.
  • Resume-or-start route pattern. Exercises the documented route-side flow directly from the test: resumeHook fails with HookNotFoundError before any run exists, then start() + retried resume reaches the started run without dropping the payload.

Validation

  • cd workbench/example && pnpm build (workflows compile through the SWC plugin)
  • Full hook e2e suite against local nextjs-turbopack dev server: 25 tests pass, including all 5 new ones

Changeset: patch for workflow/@workflow/core (test-only; rides along on the next bump).

Covers the patterns documented in foundations/idempotency:
- claim-only hook mutex: token claimed and held with no payload data,
duplicate identifies the owner, token released after completion
- adopt the owner's result via conflict.returnValue
- signal the owner: duplicate forwards its payload via resumeHook
- supersede: duplicate cancels the owner and reclaims the token
- route-side resume-or-start retry pattern reaching the started run
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings June 12, 2026 21:30
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerJune 12, 2026 21:30
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changeset-botBot commented Jun 12, 2026

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0237347

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 0 packages

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.036s (-10.2% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.969s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.041s (+50.5% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.965s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.048s (-15.5% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.963s101.31x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s (+1.0%)1.007s (~)0.946s101.69x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-1.8%)1.013s (~)0.947s101.81x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.067s (-2.1%)1.012s (~)0.945s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.308s (+11.5% 🔺)2.339s (-19.3% 🟢)2.031s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.345s (+19.0% 🔺)2.153s (-3.7%)1.808s101.12x
▲ VercelExpress0.361s (+21.3% 🔺)2.309s (-6.0% 🟢)1.948s101.17x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.074s (-1.7%)2.005s (~)0.931s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.090s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.916s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.119s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.891s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.140s (+0.6%)2.007s (~)0.867s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.143s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.866s101.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.163s (+4.8%)2.008s (~)0.845s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.622s (~)3.642s (-2.2%)2.021s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.730s (+7.3% 🔺)3.407s (+1.3%)1.677s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.774s (+10.5% 🔺)3.631s (-4.2%)1.857s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.413s (-1.3%)11.020s (~)0.607s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.515s (+1.3%)11.022s (~)0.507s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.618s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.406s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.665s (+1.1%)11.017s (~)0.352s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.798s (~)11.017s (~)0.220s31.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.823s (~)11.023s (~)0.200s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.885s (+3.0%)15.740s (+4.0%)1.855s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress14.582s (+6.8% 🔺)16.295s (+5.3% 🔺)1.713s21.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.806s (+4.2%)16.697s (+0.6%)1.891s21.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro13.499s (-1.9%)14.026s (~)0.527s51.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.649s (-1.1%)14.017s (~)0.368s51.01x
💻 LocalExpress13.797s (+3.2%)14.026s (~)0.229s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.912s (+0.7%)14.223s (+1.5%)0.310s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.408s (~)15.029s (~)0.621s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.453s (~)15.018s (~)0.565s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express23.175s (+10.3% 🔺)24.986s (+8.3% 🔺)1.811s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro24.384s (+19.5% 🔺)26.134s (+16.2% 🔺)1.750s31.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.658s (+11.9% 🔺)26.904s (+10.2% 🔺)2.245s31.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro11.955s (-3.6%)12.146s (-6.8% 🟢)0.191s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.174s (-5.9% 🟢)12.872s (-3.3%)0.698s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.387s (+5.9% 🔺)13.025s (+8.3% 🔺)0.638s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.708s (+1.4%)13.021s (~)0.313s71.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.764s (+0.5%)14.026s (~)0.262s71.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.809s (~)14.164s (+1.0%)0.355s71.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express34.843s (+8.6% 🔺)36.913s (+6.6% 🔺)2.070s31.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.971s (-1.0%)37.406s (~)2.435s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro35.627s (+12.0% 🔺)37.923s (+12.7% 🔺)2.296s31.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.172s (-7.5% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.182s (-1.8%)2.007s (~)0.825s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.195s (+4.7%)2.006s (~)0.811s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.215s (-2.9%)2.008s (~)0.793s151.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.289s (+1.0%)2.008s (~)0.718s151.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.363s (+2.9%)2.006s (~)0.643s151.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.755s (-3.2%)4.514s (-2.2%)1.759s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.897s (-13.3% 🟢)4.775s (-7.2% 🟢)1.878s71.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.148s (-31.7% 🟢)5.036s (-24.1% 🟢)1.888s61.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.449s (+7.3% 🔺)2.475s (+3.4%)1.026s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.496s (+6.1% 🔺)2.761s (+15.3% 🔺)1.264s121.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.586s (-8.3% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.419s151.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.689s (+5.9% 🔺)2.316s (+4.2%)0.626s131.17x
💻 LocalExpress1.701s (+16.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.304s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.851s (+12.9% 🔺)2.316s (+11.7% 🔺)0.464s131.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.325s (-6.4% 🟢)5.068s (-8.5% 🟢)1.742s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.770s (+2.9%)5.538s (+9.7% 🔺)1.768s61.13x
▲ VercelExpress3.835s (+23.1% 🔺)5.437s (+15.5% 🔺)1.602s61.15x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.718s (+6.1% 🔺)3.762s (-9.1% 🟢)2.044s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.756s (+11.4% 🔺)3.885s (~)2.129s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.293s (+4.0%)4.445s (+7.3% 🔺)1.152s71.92x
💻 LocalNitro3.787s (-19.8% 🟢)4.384s (-17.3% 🟢)0.598s82.20x
💻 LocalExpress4.515s (+66.2% 🔺)5.011s (+49.9% 🔺)0.497s62.63x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.048s (+26.1% 🔺)6.416s (+23.9% 🔺)0.368s53.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.175s (-15.8% 🟢)6.372s (-7.4% 🟢)2.198s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.379s (-16.1% 🟢)6.127s (-3.5%)1.747s51.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.873s (+0.9%)6.968s (+5.3% 🔺)2.095s51.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.157s (-4.1%)2.006s (~)0.849s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.229s (+2.4%)2.007s (~)0.778s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.285s (~)2.007s (~)0.721s151.11x
💻 LocalNitro1.342s (-10.8% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.663s151.16x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.402s (+0.8%)2.006s (~)0.604s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress1.532s (+22.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.474s151.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.232s (-22.3% 🟢)3.662s (-20.5% 🟢)1.430s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.275s (-6.7% 🟢)3.633s (+3.7%)1.359s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.460s (+0.9%)3.968s (-2.6%)1.509s81.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.270s (-8.6% 🟢)2.006s (-6.8% 🟢)0.736s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.451s (+6.3% 🔺)2.224s (-7.1% 🟢)0.773s141.14x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.480s (-0.5%)2.007s (~)0.527s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.685s (-19.0% 🟢)2.005s (-18.8% 🟢)0.320s151.33x
💻 LocalExpress2.031s (+27.8% 🔺)2.470s (+23.2% 🔺)0.439s131.60x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.059s (+0.5%)2.918s (+16.3% 🔺)0.859s111.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.909s (-44.4% 🟢)4.438s (-33.8% 🟢)1.529s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.121s (-12.0% 🟢)4.850s (-10.7% 🟢)1.729s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.208s (-3.9%)5.012s (-12.7% 🟢)1.804s61.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (-4.4%)3.455s (-13.9% 🟢)1.839s91.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.693s (-11.0% 🟢)4.143s (-3.7%)2.450s81.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.199s (+0.9%)5.014s (+2.9%)0.814s62.60x
💻 LocalNitro4.480s (-22.9% 🟢)5.016s (-24.2% 🟢)0.536s72.77x
💻 LocalExpress5.236s (+34.7% 🔺)5.681s (+33.3% 🔺)0.445s63.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.677s (+24.0% 🔺)7.217s (+23.4% 🔺)0.540s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.659s (-5.7% 🟢)5.712s (+4.5%)2.053s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.935s (-11.9% 🟢)5.860s (-9.5% 🟢)1.925s61.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.608s (-7.5% 🟢)6.777s (-1.1%)2.170s51.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.503s (-12.6% 🟢)1.024s (~)0.521s591.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.513s (-15.9% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.491s601.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.592s (+2.4%)1.007s (-1.6%)0.414s601.18x
💻 LocalExpress0.594s (+21.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.410s601.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.823s (~)1.006s (~)0.183s601.64x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.907s (~)1.076s (~)0.169s561.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.452s (-14.8% 🟢)7.026s (-11.1% 🟢)1.575s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.624s (+9.3% 🔺)7.459s (+9.2% 🔺)1.835s91.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.737s (+4.6%)7.898s (+6.5% 🔺)2.161s81.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.265s (-15.7% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.740s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.376s (+2.0%)2.007s (~)0.631s451.09x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.391s (+2.4%)2.101s (+4.7%)0.710s431.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.517s (+17.8% 🔺)2.028s (+2.2%)0.512s451.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.958s (+2.0%)2.227s (+6.0% 🔺)0.269s411.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.180s (+2.7%)3.008s (~)0.828s301.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.452s (-3.5%)16.665s (-1.8%)2.213s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.971s (-3.5%)17.347s (-1.5%)2.376s61.04x
▲ VercelNitro15.113s (+6.1% 🔺)16.984s (+9.1% 🔺)1.871s61.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.510s (-9.9% 🟢)3.222s (+1.9%)0.712s381.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.808s (+4.3%)3.111s (+1.7%)0.303s391.12x
💻 LocalNitro2.821s (-13.0% 🟢)3.109s (-22.4% 🟢)0.288s391.12x
💻 LocalExpress3.175s (+21.1% 🔺)3.912s (+25.8% 🔺)0.737s311.26x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.788s (-2.0%)4.009s (-3.3%)0.221s301.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.473s (+2.7%)5.011s (~)0.538s241.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.147s (+0.8%)27.937s (+1.0%)1.790s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress26.617s (-2.5%)28.981s (~)2.364s51.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)27.124s (-8.9% 🟢)29.042s (-8.6% 🟢)1.918s51.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.214s (-15.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.793s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.258s (+3.0%)1.006s (~)0.748s601.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.294s (~)1.006s (~)0.712s601.37x
💻 LocalNitro0.366s (-20.3% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.638s601.71x
💻 LocalExpress0.417s (+20.5% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.587s601.94x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-8.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.491s602.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.025s (-17.6% 🟢)3.559s (-11.1% 🟢)1.534s171.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-9.8% 🟢)4.083s (~)2.007s161.03x
▲ VercelExpress2.238s (-12.2% 🟢)4.065s (-5.3% 🟢)1.827s151.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.338s (-17.3% 🟢)1.008s (-3.1%)0.670s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.423s (+6.7% 🔺)1.029s (+2.2%)0.606s881.25x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)1.191s (+7.9% 🔺)0.585s761.79x
💻 LocalNitro1.912s (-14.9% 🟢)2.403s (-12.2% 🟢)0.490s385.65x
💻 LocalExpress2.127s (+40.6% 🔺)2.714s (+30.8% 🔺)0.588s346.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s (+11.6% 🔺)3.332s (+8.3% 🔺)0.673s287.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.663s (-30.0% 🟢)4.422s (-19.0% 🟢)1.760s211.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.896s (-23.4% 🟢)4.640s (-12.5% 🟢)1.744s201.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-19.9% 🟢)4.741s (-18.4% 🟢)1.700s191.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.755s (-7.3% 🟢)1.260s (-7.1% 🟢)0.505s961.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.823s (+3.1%)1.403s (+4.7%)0.580s861.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.822s (+6.5% 🔺)3.795s (+4.0%)0.974s323.74x
💻 LocalNitro8.184s (-13.8% 🟢)8.881s (-12.2% 🟢)0.697s1410.85x
💻 LocalExpress9.501s (+39.0% 🔺)10.111s (+34.5% 🔺)0.611s1212.59x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)11.106s (+1.0%)12.233s (+1.7%)1.127s1014.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro6.118s (-12.0% 🟢)7.698s (-9.1% 🟢)1.580s161.00x
▲ VercelExpress6.523s (-22.2% 🟢)8.410s (-16.9% 🟢)1.887s151.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.696s (-5.9% 🟢)9.626s (-4.8%)1.930s131.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.145s (-1.8%)2.004s (~)0.008s (-23.1% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.870s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (+3.9%)2.005s (~)0.010s (+78.6% 🔺)2.017s (~)0.861s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.185s (+1.1%)1.997s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.012s (~)0.827s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.212s (~)2.005s (~)0.013s (+33.7% 🔺)2.022s (~)0.810s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.226s (-2.4%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.783s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.240s (+5.0%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-61.5% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.768s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.320s (+4.8%)3.693s (+11.2% 🔺)0.729s (-39.8% 🟢)4.902s (-2.9%)2.583s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.480s (+11.9% 🔺)3.389s (-3.2%)1.169s (+5.9% 🔺)5.023s (~)2.543s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.490s (+12.8% 🔺)3.626s (-1.1%)1.017s (~)5.192s (~)2.702s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.476s (-6.9% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.009s (-26.7% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.544s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (+11.1% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.013s (+36.9% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.458s301.06x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.598s (~)2.003s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.428s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.673s (+4.2%)2.071s (+3.1%)0.004s (-21.3% 🟢)2.093s (+3.3%)0.420s291.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.762s (+2.4%)2.009s (~)0.014s (+22.1% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.264s301.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.777s (~)2.011s (~)0.005s (+45.0% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.248s301.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.823s (-13.3% 🟢)7.325s (-10.2% 🟢)0.176s (-9.5% 🟢)8.076s (-8.6% 🟢)2.253s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.990s (-0.8%)7.361s (+5.1% 🔺)0.163s (-17.9% 🟢)8.017s (+5.1% 🔺)2.027s81.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.003s (-5.6% 🟢)7.350s (-9.0% 🟢)0.297s (-7.5% 🟢)8.177s (-8.3% 🟢)2.173s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.792s (-2.5%)1.046s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.060s (-1.4%)0.268s571.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.880s (+8.9% 🔺)1.275s (+20.5% 🔺)0.000s (-70.2% 🟢)1.287s (+19.2% 🔺)0.407s471.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.026s (+5.4% 🔺)1.525s (+10.0% 🔺)0.000s (+65.0% 🔺)1.533s (+9.9% 🔺)0.506s401.30x
💻 LocalNitro1.222s (-15.4% 🟢)1.947s (-3.3%)0.000s (-35.5% 🟢)1.949s (-3.3%)0.727s311.54x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (+31.2% 🔺)2.013s (+14.8% 🔺)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)2.016s (+14.8% 🔺)0.621s301.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.472s (-3.2%)2.012s (~)0.000s (-14.3% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.543s301.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.724s (-16.1% 🟢)4.127s (-8.8% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)4.609s (-7.8% 🟢)1.885s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.788s (~)4.050s (+1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.603s (+5.2% 🔺)1.815s141.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.906s (-7.8% 🟢)4.559s (-3.2%)0.001s (+750.0% 🔺)5.046s (-2.9%)2.139s121.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.597s (~)2.133s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.163s (~)0.566s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.860s (+15.2% 🔺)2.372s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.408s (+11.8% 🔺)0.548s251.17x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.272s (+2.6%)2.697s (-1.2%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.746s (~)0.474s231.42x
💻 LocalNitro2.594s (-19.2% 🟢)3.022s (-22.6% 🟢)0.000s (-78.7% 🟢)3.024s (-22.6% 🟢)0.430s201.62x
💻 LocalExpress2.954s (+39.7% 🔺)3.669s (+43.4% 🔺)0.001s (+61.3% 🔺)3.677s (+43.4% 🔺)0.723s171.85x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-0.7%)3.614s (+1.9%)0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)3.618s (+1.7%)0.577s171.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.253s (-9.0% 🟢)5.863s (+3.5%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.454s (+6.2% 🔺)2.200s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.487s (-1.3%)5.931s (-2.4%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.593s (+0.9%)2.105s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.614s (-6.4% 🟢)6.400s (+0.9%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.992s (+2.5%)2.378s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro21/21
🐘 PostgresExpress14/21
▲ VercelExpress10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres11/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production143102191650
✅ 💻 Local Development188102192100
✅ 📦 Local Production188102192100
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres186702332100
✅ 🪟 Windows15000150
✅ 📋 Other87201781050
Total8082010689150

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro124026
✅ example124026
✅ express124026
✅ fastify124026
✅ hono124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack14802
✅ nextjs-webpack14802
✅ nitro124026
✅ nuxt124026
✅ sveltekit14307
✅ vite124026
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable124026
✅ express-stable124026
✅ fastify-stable124026
✅ hono-stable124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nitro-stable124026
✅ nuxt-stable124026
✅ sveltekit-stable14307
✅ vite-stable124026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15000
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable124026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-124026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start124026

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Adds new end-to-end coverage for the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies built on hook.getConflict(), including “claim-only mutex”, “adopt owner result”, “signal owner”, “supersede owner”, and a route-side resume-or-start retry pattern.

Changes:

  • Add four new workflow fixtures demonstrating conflict-handling strategies (hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow, hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow, hookSignalOwnerWorkflow, hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow).
  • Add five new e2e tests that exercise those strategies against the runtime (including event-level assertions and route-side retry behavior).
  • Wire default arguments for the new workflows into the workbench, and add a Changeset entry.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

FileDescription
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/app/workflows/definitions.tsAdds default args for the new e2e strategy workflows so they can be triggered from the workbench.
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsIntroduces new workflow fixtures implementing the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds e2e tests covering each strategy plus the resume-or-start retry flow.
.changeset/idempotency-strategy-e2e.mdAdds a Changeset entry describing the new e2e coverage.

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Comment threadpackages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +2077 to +2079
// The superseded owner ends up cancelled.
const { json: run1Data } = await cliInspectJson(`runs ${run1.runId}`);
expect(run1Data.status).toBe('cancelled');

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Fixed in 2e9d000: the test now awaits run1.returnValue and asserts WorkflowRunCancelledError.is(error) (matching the existing cancellation tests), alongside the status check. Note returnValue is a lazy getter so no pending promise existed before — but asserting the rejection both strengthens the test and guarantees nothing can leak if that changes.

… conflict
On slow runtimes the duplicate's first invocation could land after the
owner completed and released the token, making the duplicate a fresh
owner that waits forever for a payload (90s timeout across CI matrices).
Poll the duplicate's event log for hook_conflict before resuming the
owner, and widen the test timeout for the added gate budget.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edged in esbuild hang)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The 2e9d000 deployment's next build crashed in an esbuild hang but its
task (70724907c9dd3a29) was recorded into the turbo remote cache anyway,
so every subsequent build with the same input hash replays the broken
artifact (missing routes-manifest). Change a build input to force a
fresh execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Approve — the documented strategies now have teeth

Test-only PR closing the docs↔coverage gap: every conflict-handling strategy from the run-idempotency docs now has an e2e test proving it end-to-end. I ran the full hook suite (25 tests) plus the resume-or-start test against a local nextjs-turbopack dev server — all pass.

What's notably good:

  • The race-fix commit shows real understanding of the timing semantics. The adopt-owner-result test gates the owner's completion on run2 having observed the hook_conflict event — without it, a slow first invocation of run2 could land after the owner released the token, turning run2 into a fresh owner waiting forever. And the signal-owner test correctly omits that gate, because there the owner can only complete via the duplicate's forward — the dependency itself serializes the race. Gate where needed, not everywhere.
  • The claim-only mutex test asserts the negative: zero hook_received events on the owner — pinning "hooks as a pure run mutex" as a supported pattern rather than an accident, plus the full lifecycle (hold → duplicate identifies owner → release on completion → clean reclaim by a third run) with a poll-based release wait instead of a fixed sleep.
  • The supersede test handles the unhandled-rejection trap: run1.returnValue.catch(...) + WorkflowRunCancelledError.is() assertion both verifies the cancellation semantics and prevents the rejected promise from leaking out of the test — and double-checks via CLI inspect. The reclaim assertion (waitForHook filtered by run2.runId) correctly handles the disposal-propagation window.
  • The resume-or-start test exercises the documented route pattern directly — including the pre-start HookNotFoundError assertion, with a more forgiving retry budget (30s/250ms) than the docs' inline example.
  • Workflows live once in workbench/example and reach other workbenches via symlink, per convention; definitions.ts updated; empty changeset is right for test-only changes.

One process note for other reviewers: a two-dot diff against current main appears to delete #2385's reserved-attributes e2e test — that's the usual branch-point artifact (#2385 merged after this branch was cut), not a real deletion. The three-dot diff is purely additive (378+/0−) and the merge with current main is clean.

CI fully green. LGTM.

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2402. (backport job run)

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies - #2387

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Jun 13, 2026
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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies#2387
pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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Summary

Adds e2e coverage for the run-idempotency patterns and conflict-handling strategies documented in #2011 (built on hook.getConflict() from #2373). Before this, e2e coverage proved claim-without-payload and conflict detection, but none of the documented strategies — and the purest use case (hooks purely as a run mutex, never carrying data) had no owner-side coverage.

New tests (packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts + workflows in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts)

  • hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow — pure run mutex. The owner claims the token via getConflict(), holds it through a slow step, and never awaits payload data (asserted via zero hook_received events). A duplicate started during the hold identifies the owner; after the owner completes, the token is released and a third run claims it cleanly.
  • hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow — adopt the owner's result. The duplicate awaits conflict.returnValue and returns the owner's exact result, proving callers can't tell which run did the work.
  • hookSignalOwnerWorkflow — signal the owner. The duplicate forwards its own input into the owner's hook via resumeHook() from a step; the owner completes with the forwarded payload.
  • hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow — newest-wins. The duplicate cancels the owner via conflict.cancel() and reclaims the released token through the documented retry loop; asserts the owner ends cancelled and the new owner receives payloads on the reclaimed token.
  • Resume-or-start route pattern. Exercises the documented route-side flow directly from the test: resumeHook fails with HookNotFoundError before any run exists, then start() + retried resume reaches the started run without dropping the payload.

Validation

  • cd workbench/example && pnpm build (workflows compile through the SWC plugin)
  • Full hook e2e suite against local nextjs-turbopack dev server: 25 tests pass, including all 5 new ones

Changeset: patch for workflow/@workflow/core (test-only; rides along on the next bump).

Covers the patterns documented in foundations/idempotency:
- claim-only hook mutex: token claimed and held with no payload data,
duplicate identifies the owner, token released after completion
- adopt the owner's result via conflict.returnValue
- signal the owner: duplicate forwards its payload via resumeHook
- supersede: duplicate cancels the owner and reclaims the token
- route-side resume-or-start retry pattern reaching the started run
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings June 12, 2026 21:30
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerJune 12, 2026 21:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0237347

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 0 packages

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.036s (-10.2% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.969s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.041s (+50.5% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.965s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.048s (-15.5% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.963s101.31x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s (+1.0%)1.007s (~)0.946s101.69x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-1.8%)1.013s (~)0.947s101.81x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.067s (-2.1%)1.012s (~)0.945s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.308s (+11.5% 🔺)2.339s (-19.3% 🟢)2.031s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.345s (+19.0% 🔺)2.153s (-3.7%)1.808s101.12x
▲ VercelExpress0.361s (+21.3% 🔺)2.309s (-6.0% 🟢)1.948s101.17x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.074s (-1.7%)2.005s (~)0.931s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.090s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.916s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.119s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.891s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.140s (+0.6%)2.007s (~)0.867s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.143s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.866s101.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.163s (+4.8%)2.008s (~)0.845s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.622s (~)3.642s (-2.2%)2.021s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.730s (+7.3% 🔺)3.407s (+1.3%)1.677s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.774s (+10.5% 🔺)3.631s (-4.2%)1.857s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.413s (-1.3%)11.020s (~)0.607s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.515s (+1.3%)11.022s (~)0.507s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.618s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.406s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.665s (+1.1%)11.017s (~)0.352s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.798s (~)11.017s (~)0.220s31.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.823s (~)11.023s (~)0.200s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.885s (+3.0%)15.740s (+4.0%)1.855s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress14.582s (+6.8% 🔺)16.295s (+5.3% 🔺)1.713s21.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.806s (+4.2%)16.697s (+0.6%)1.891s21.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro13.499s (-1.9%)14.026s (~)0.527s51.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.649s (-1.1%)14.017s (~)0.368s51.01x
💻 LocalExpress13.797s (+3.2%)14.026s (~)0.229s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.912s (+0.7%)14.223s (+1.5%)0.310s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.408s (~)15.029s (~)0.621s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.453s (~)15.018s (~)0.565s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express23.175s (+10.3% 🔺)24.986s (+8.3% 🔺)1.811s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro24.384s (+19.5% 🔺)26.134s (+16.2% 🔺)1.750s31.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.658s (+11.9% 🔺)26.904s (+10.2% 🔺)2.245s31.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro11.955s (-3.6%)12.146s (-6.8% 🟢)0.191s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.174s (-5.9% 🟢)12.872s (-3.3%)0.698s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.387s (+5.9% 🔺)13.025s (+8.3% 🔺)0.638s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.708s (+1.4%)13.021s (~)0.313s71.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.764s (+0.5%)14.026s (~)0.262s71.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.809s (~)14.164s (+1.0%)0.355s71.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express34.843s (+8.6% 🔺)36.913s (+6.6% 🔺)2.070s31.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.971s (-1.0%)37.406s (~)2.435s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro35.627s (+12.0% 🔺)37.923s (+12.7% 🔺)2.296s31.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.172s (-7.5% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.182s (-1.8%)2.007s (~)0.825s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.195s (+4.7%)2.006s (~)0.811s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.215s (-2.9%)2.008s (~)0.793s151.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.289s (+1.0%)2.008s (~)0.718s151.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.363s (+2.9%)2.006s (~)0.643s151.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.755s (-3.2%)4.514s (-2.2%)1.759s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.897s (-13.3% 🟢)4.775s (-7.2% 🟢)1.878s71.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.148s (-31.7% 🟢)5.036s (-24.1% 🟢)1.888s61.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.449s (+7.3% 🔺)2.475s (+3.4%)1.026s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.496s (+6.1% 🔺)2.761s (+15.3% 🔺)1.264s121.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.586s (-8.3% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.419s151.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.689s (+5.9% 🔺)2.316s (+4.2%)0.626s131.17x
💻 LocalExpress1.701s (+16.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.304s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.851s (+12.9% 🔺)2.316s (+11.7% 🔺)0.464s131.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.325s (-6.4% 🟢)5.068s (-8.5% 🟢)1.742s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.770s (+2.9%)5.538s (+9.7% 🔺)1.768s61.13x
▲ VercelExpress3.835s (+23.1% 🔺)5.437s (+15.5% 🔺)1.602s61.15x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.718s (+6.1% 🔺)3.762s (-9.1% 🟢)2.044s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.756s (+11.4% 🔺)3.885s (~)2.129s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.293s (+4.0%)4.445s (+7.3% 🔺)1.152s71.92x
💻 LocalNitro3.787s (-19.8% 🟢)4.384s (-17.3% 🟢)0.598s82.20x
💻 LocalExpress4.515s (+66.2% 🔺)5.011s (+49.9% 🔺)0.497s62.63x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.048s (+26.1% 🔺)6.416s (+23.9% 🔺)0.368s53.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.175s (-15.8% 🟢)6.372s (-7.4% 🟢)2.198s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.379s (-16.1% 🟢)6.127s (-3.5%)1.747s51.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.873s (+0.9%)6.968s (+5.3% 🔺)2.095s51.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.157s (-4.1%)2.006s (~)0.849s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.229s (+2.4%)2.007s (~)0.778s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.285s (~)2.007s (~)0.721s151.11x
💻 LocalNitro1.342s (-10.8% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.663s151.16x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.402s (+0.8%)2.006s (~)0.604s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress1.532s (+22.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.474s151.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.232s (-22.3% 🟢)3.662s (-20.5% 🟢)1.430s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.275s (-6.7% 🟢)3.633s (+3.7%)1.359s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.460s (+0.9%)3.968s (-2.6%)1.509s81.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.270s (-8.6% 🟢)2.006s (-6.8% 🟢)0.736s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.451s (+6.3% 🔺)2.224s (-7.1% 🟢)0.773s141.14x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.480s (-0.5%)2.007s (~)0.527s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.685s (-19.0% 🟢)2.005s (-18.8% 🟢)0.320s151.33x
💻 LocalExpress2.031s (+27.8% 🔺)2.470s (+23.2% 🔺)0.439s131.60x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.059s (+0.5%)2.918s (+16.3% 🔺)0.859s111.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.909s (-44.4% 🟢)4.438s (-33.8% 🟢)1.529s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.121s (-12.0% 🟢)4.850s (-10.7% 🟢)1.729s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.208s (-3.9%)5.012s (-12.7% 🟢)1.804s61.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (-4.4%)3.455s (-13.9% 🟢)1.839s91.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.693s (-11.0% 🟢)4.143s (-3.7%)2.450s81.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.199s (+0.9%)5.014s (+2.9%)0.814s62.60x
💻 LocalNitro4.480s (-22.9% 🟢)5.016s (-24.2% 🟢)0.536s72.77x
💻 LocalExpress5.236s (+34.7% 🔺)5.681s (+33.3% 🔺)0.445s63.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.677s (+24.0% 🔺)7.217s (+23.4% 🔺)0.540s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.659s (-5.7% 🟢)5.712s (+4.5%)2.053s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.935s (-11.9% 🟢)5.860s (-9.5% 🟢)1.925s61.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.608s (-7.5% 🟢)6.777s (-1.1%)2.170s51.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.503s (-12.6% 🟢)1.024s (~)0.521s591.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.513s (-15.9% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.491s601.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.592s (+2.4%)1.007s (-1.6%)0.414s601.18x
💻 LocalExpress0.594s (+21.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.410s601.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.823s (~)1.006s (~)0.183s601.64x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.907s (~)1.076s (~)0.169s561.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.452s (-14.8% 🟢)7.026s (-11.1% 🟢)1.575s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.624s (+9.3% 🔺)7.459s (+9.2% 🔺)1.835s91.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.737s (+4.6%)7.898s (+6.5% 🔺)2.161s81.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.265s (-15.7% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.740s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.376s (+2.0%)2.007s (~)0.631s451.09x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.391s (+2.4%)2.101s (+4.7%)0.710s431.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.517s (+17.8% 🔺)2.028s (+2.2%)0.512s451.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.958s (+2.0%)2.227s (+6.0% 🔺)0.269s411.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.180s (+2.7%)3.008s (~)0.828s301.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.452s (-3.5%)16.665s (-1.8%)2.213s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.971s (-3.5%)17.347s (-1.5%)2.376s61.04x
▲ VercelNitro15.113s (+6.1% 🔺)16.984s (+9.1% 🔺)1.871s61.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.510s (-9.9% 🟢)3.222s (+1.9%)0.712s381.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.808s (+4.3%)3.111s (+1.7%)0.303s391.12x
💻 LocalNitro2.821s (-13.0% 🟢)3.109s (-22.4% 🟢)0.288s391.12x
💻 LocalExpress3.175s (+21.1% 🔺)3.912s (+25.8% 🔺)0.737s311.26x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.788s (-2.0%)4.009s (-3.3%)0.221s301.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.473s (+2.7%)5.011s (~)0.538s241.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.147s (+0.8%)27.937s (+1.0%)1.790s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress26.617s (-2.5%)28.981s (~)2.364s51.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)27.124s (-8.9% 🟢)29.042s (-8.6% 🟢)1.918s51.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.214s (-15.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.793s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.258s (+3.0%)1.006s (~)0.748s601.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.294s (~)1.006s (~)0.712s601.37x
💻 LocalNitro0.366s (-20.3% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.638s601.71x
💻 LocalExpress0.417s (+20.5% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.587s601.94x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-8.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.491s602.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.025s (-17.6% 🟢)3.559s (-11.1% 🟢)1.534s171.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-9.8% 🟢)4.083s (~)2.007s161.03x
▲ VercelExpress2.238s (-12.2% 🟢)4.065s (-5.3% 🟢)1.827s151.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.338s (-17.3% 🟢)1.008s (-3.1%)0.670s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.423s (+6.7% 🔺)1.029s (+2.2%)0.606s881.25x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)1.191s (+7.9% 🔺)0.585s761.79x
💻 LocalNitro1.912s (-14.9% 🟢)2.403s (-12.2% 🟢)0.490s385.65x
💻 LocalExpress2.127s (+40.6% 🔺)2.714s (+30.8% 🔺)0.588s346.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s (+11.6% 🔺)3.332s (+8.3% 🔺)0.673s287.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.663s (-30.0% 🟢)4.422s (-19.0% 🟢)1.760s211.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.896s (-23.4% 🟢)4.640s (-12.5% 🟢)1.744s201.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-19.9% 🟢)4.741s (-18.4% 🟢)1.700s191.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.755s (-7.3% 🟢)1.260s (-7.1% 🟢)0.505s961.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.823s (+3.1%)1.403s (+4.7%)0.580s861.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.822s (+6.5% 🔺)3.795s (+4.0%)0.974s323.74x
💻 LocalNitro8.184s (-13.8% 🟢)8.881s (-12.2% 🟢)0.697s1410.85x
💻 LocalExpress9.501s (+39.0% 🔺)10.111s (+34.5% 🔺)0.611s1212.59x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)11.106s (+1.0%)12.233s (+1.7%)1.127s1014.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro6.118s (-12.0% 🟢)7.698s (-9.1% 🟢)1.580s161.00x
▲ VercelExpress6.523s (-22.2% 🟢)8.410s (-16.9% 🟢)1.887s151.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.696s (-5.9% 🟢)9.626s (-4.8%)1.930s131.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.145s (-1.8%)2.004s (~)0.008s (-23.1% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.870s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (+3.9%)2.005s (~)0.010s (+78.6% 🔺)2.017s (~)0.861s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.185s (+1.1%)1.997s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.012s (~)0.827s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.212s (~)2.005s (~)0.013s (+33.7% 🔺)2.022s (~)0.810s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.226s (-2.4%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.783s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.240s (+5.0%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-61.5% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.768s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.320s (+4.8%)3.693s (+11.2% 🔺)0.729s (-39.8% 🟢)4.902s (-2.9%)2.583s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.480s (+11.9% 🔺)3.389s (-3.2%)1.169s (+5.9% 🔺)5.023s (~)2.543s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.490s (+12.8% 🔺)3.626s (-1.1%)1.017s (~)5.192s (~)2.702s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.476s (-6.9% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.009s (-26.7% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.544s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (+11.1% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.013s (+36.9% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.458s301.06x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.598s (~)2.003s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.428s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.673s (+4.2%)2.071s (+3.1%)0.004s (-21.3% 🟢)2.093s (+3.3%)0.420s291.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.762s (+2.4%)2.009s (~)0.014s (+22.1% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.264s301.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.777s (~)2.011s (~)0.005s (+45.0% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.248s301.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.823s (-13.3% 🟢)7.325s (-10.2% 🟢)0.176s (-9.5% 🟢)8.076s (-8.6% 🟢)2.253s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.990s (-0.8%)7.361s (+5.1% 🔺)0.163s (-17.9% 🟢)8.017s (+5.1% 🔺)2.027s81.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.003s (-5.6% 🟢)7.350s (-9.0% 🟢)0.297s (-7.5% 🟢)8.177s (-8.3% 🟢)2.173s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.792s (-2.5%)1.046s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.060s (-1.4%)0.268s571.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.880s (+8.9% 🔺)1.275s (+20.5% 🔺)0.000s (-70.2% 🟢)1.287s (+19.2% 🔺)0.407s471.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.026s (+5.4% 🔺)1.525s (+10.0% 🔺)0.000s (+65.0% 🔺)1.533s (+9.9% 🔺)0.506s401.30x
💻 LocalNitro1.222s (-15.4% 🟢)1.947s (-3.3%)0.000s (-35.5% 🟢)1.949s (-3.3%)0.727s311.54x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (+31.2% 🔺)2.013s (+14.8% 🔺)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)2.016s (+14.8% 🔺)0.621s301.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.472s (-3.2%)2.012s (~)0.000s (-14.3% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.543s301.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.724s (-16.1% 🟢)4.127s (-8.8% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)4.609s (-7.8% 🟢)1.885s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.788s (~)4.050s (+1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.603s (+5.2% 🔺)1.815s141.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.906s (-7.8% 🟢)4.559s (-3.2%)0.001s (+750.0% 🔺)5.046s (-2.9%)2.139s121.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.597s (~)2.133s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.163s (~)0.566s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.860s (+15.2% 🔺)2.372s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.408s (+11.8% 🔺)0.548s251.17x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.272s (+2.6%)2.697s (-1.2%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.746s (~)0.474s231.42x
💻 LocalNitro2.594s (-19.2% 🟢)3.022s (-22.6% 🟢)0.000s (-78.7% 🟢)3.024s (-22.6% 🟢)0.430s201.62x
💻 LocalExpress2.954s (+39.7% 🔺)3.669s (+43.4% 🔺)0.001s (+61.3% 🔺)3.677s (+43.4% 🔺)0.723s171.85x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-0.7%)3.614s (+1.9%)0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)3.618s (+1.7%)0.577s171.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.253s (-9.0% 🟢)5.863s (+3.5%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.454s (+6.2% 🔺)2.200s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.487s (-1.3%)5.931s (-2.4%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.593s (+0.9%)2.105s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.614s (-6.4% 🟢)6.400s (+0.9%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.992s (+2.5%)2.378s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro21/21
🐘 PostgresExpress14/21
▲ VercelExpress10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres11/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production143102191650
✅ 💻 Local Development188102192100
✅ 📦 Local Production188102192100
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres186702332100
✅ 🪟 Windows15000150
✅ 📋 Other87201781050
Total8082010689150

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro124026
✅ example124026
✅ express124026
✅ fastify124026
✅ hono124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack14802
✅ nextjs-webpack14802
✅ nitro124026
✅ nuxt124026
✅ sveltekit14307
✅ vite124026
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable124026
✅ express-stable124026
✅ fastify-stable124026
✅ hono-stable124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nitro-stable124026
✅ nuxt-stable124026
✅ sveltekit-stable14307
✅ vite-stable124026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15000
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable124026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-124026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start124026

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Adds new end-to-end coverage for the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies built on hook.getConflict(), including “claim-only mutex”, “adopt owner result”, “signal owner”, “supersede owner”, and a route-side resume-or-start retry pattern.

Changes:

  • Add four new workflow fixtures demonstrating conflict-handling strategies (hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow, hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow, hookSignalOwnerWorkflow, hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow).
  • Add five new e2e tests that exercise those strategies against the runtime (including event-level assertions and route-side retry behavior).
  • Wire default arguments for the new workflows into the workbench, and add a Changeset entry.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

FileDescription
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/app/workflows/definitions.tsAdds default args for the new e2e strategy workflows so they can be triggered from the workbench.
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsIntroduces new workflow fixtures implementing the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds e2e tests covering each strategy plus the resume-or-start retry flow.
.changeset/idempotency-strategy-e2e.mdAdds a Changeset entry describing the new e2e coverage.

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Comment threadpackages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +2077 to +2079
// The superseded owner ends up cancelled.
const { json: run1Data } = await cliInspectJson(`runs ${run1.runId}`);
expect(run1Data.status).toBe('cancelled');

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Fixed in 2e9d000: the test now awaits run1.returnValue and asserts WorkflowRunCancelledError.is(error) (matching the existing cancellation tests), alongside the status check. Note returnValue is a lazy getter so no pending promise existed before — but asserting the rejection both strengthens the test and guarantees nothing can leak if that changes.

… conflict
On slow runtimes the duplicate's first invocation could land after the
owner completed and released the token, making the duplicate a fresh
owner that waits forever for a payload (90s timeout across CI matrices).
Poll the duplicate's event log for hook_conflict before resuming the
owner, and widen the test timeout for the added gate budget.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edged in esbuild hang)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The 2e9d000 deployment's next build crashed in an esbuild hang but its
task (70724907c9dd3a29) was recorded into the turbo remote cache anyway,
so every subsequent build with the same input hash replays the broken
artifact (missing routes-manifest). Change a build input to force a
fresh execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Approve — the documented strategies now have teeth

Test-only PR closing the docs↔coverage gap: every conflict-handling strategy from the run-idempotency docs now has an e2e test proving it end-to-end. I ran the full hook suite (25 tests) plus the resume-or-start test against a local nextjs-turbopack dev server — all pass.

What's notably good:

  • The race-fix commit shows real understanding of the timing semantics. The adopt-owner-result test gates the owner's completion on run2 having observed the hook_conflict event — without it, a slow first invocation of run2 could land after the owner released the token, turning run2 into a fresh owner waiting forever. And the signal-owner test correctly omits that gate, because there the owner can only complete via the duplicate's forward — the dependency itself serializes the race. Gate where needed, not everywhere.
  • The claim-only mutex test asserts the negative: zero hook_received events on the owner — pinning "hooks as a pure run mutex" as a supported pattern rather than an accident, plus the full lifecycle (hold → duplicate identifies owner → release on completion → clean reclaim by a third run) with a poll-based release wait instead of a fixed sleep.
  • The supersede test handles the unhandled-rejection trap: run1.returnValue.catch(...) + WorkflowRunCancelledError.is() assertion both verifies the cancellation semantics and prevents the rejected promise from leaking out of the test — and double-checks via CLI inspect. The reclaim assertion (waitForHook filtered by run2.runId) correctly handles the disposal-propagation window.
  • The resume-or-start test exercises the documented route pattern directly — including the pre-start HookNotFoundError assertion, with a more forgiving retry budget (30s/250ms) than the docs' inline example.
  • Workflows live once in workbench/example and reach other workbenches via symlink, per convention; definitions.ts updated; empty changeset is right for test-only changes.

One process note for other reviewers: a two-dot diff against current main appears to delete #2385's reserved-attributes e2e test — that's the usual branch-point artifact (#2385 merged after this branch was cut), not a real deletion. The three-dot diff is purely additive (378+/0−) and the merge with current main is clean.

CI fully green. LGTM.

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2402. (backport job run)

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies - #2387

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Jun 13, 2026
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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies#2387
pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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Summary

Adds e2e coverage for the run-idempotency patterns and conflict-handling strategies documented in #2011 (built on hook.getConflict() from #2373). Before this, e2e coverage proved claim-without-payload and conflict detection, but none of the documented strategies — and the purest use case (hooks purely as a run mutex, never carrying data) had no owner-side coverage.

New tests (packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts + workflows in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts)

  • hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow — pure run mutex. The owner claims the token via getConflict(), holds it through a slow step, and never awaits payload data (asserted via zero hook_received events). A duplicate started during the hold identifies the owner; after the owner completes, the token is released and a third run claims it cleanly.
  • hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow — adopt the owner's result. The duplicate awaits conflict.returnValue and returns the owner's exact result, proving callers can't tell which run did the work.
  • hookSignalOwnerWorkflow — signal the owner. The duplicate forwards its own input into the owner's hook via resumeHook() from a step; the owner completes with the forwarded payload.
  • hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow — newest-wins. The duplicate cancels the owner via conflict.cancel() and reclaims the released token through the documented retry loop; asserts the owner ends cancelled and the new owner receives payloads on the reclaimed token.
  • Resume-or-start route pattern. Exercises the documented route-side flow directly from the test: resumeHook fails with HookNotFoundError before any run exists, then start() + retried resume reaches the started run without dropping the payload.

Validation

  • cd workbench/example && pnpm build (workflows compile through the SWC plugin)
  • Full hook e2e suite against local nextjs-turbopack dev server: 25 tests pass, including all 5 new ones

Changeset: patch for workflow/@workflow/core (test-only; rides along on the next bump).

Covers the patterns documented in foundations/idempotency:
- claim-only hook mutex: token claimed and held with no payload data,
duplicate identifies the owner, token released after completion
- adopt the owner's result via conflict.returnValue
- signal the owner: duplicate forwards its payload via resumeHook
- supersede: duplicate cancels the owner and reclaims the token
- route-side resume-or-start retry pattern reaching the started run
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings June 12, 2026 21:30
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerJune 12, 2026 21:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0237347

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 0 packages

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.036s (-10.2% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.969s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.041s (+50.5% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.965s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.048s (-15.5% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.963s101.31x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s (+1.0%)1.007s (~)0.946s101.69x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-1.8%)1.013s (~)0.947s101.81x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.067s (-2.1%)1.012s (~)0.945s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.308s (+11.5% 🔺)2.339s (-19.3% 🟢)2.031s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.345s (+19.0% 🔺)2.153s (-3.7%)1.808s101.12x
▲ VercelExpress0.361s (+21.3% 🔺)2.309s (-6.0% 🟢)1.948s101.17x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.074s (-1.7%)2.005s (~)0.931s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.090s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.916s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.119s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.891s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.140s (+0.6%)2.007s (~)0.867s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.143s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.866s101.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.163s (+4.8%)2.008s (~)0.845s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.622s (~)3.642s (-2.2%)2.021s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.730s (+7.3% 🔺)3.407s (+1.3%)1.677s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.774s (+10.5% 🔺)3.631s (-4.2%)1.857s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.413s (-1.3%)11.020s (~)0.607s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.515s (+1.3%)11.022s (~)0.507s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.618s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.406s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.665s (+1.1%)11.017s (~)0.352s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.798s (~)11.017s (~)0.220s31.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.823s (~)11.023s (~)0.200s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.885s (+3.0%)15.740s (+4.0%)1.855s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress14.582s (+6.8% 🔺)16.295s (+5.3% 🔺)1.713s21.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.806s (+4.2%)16.697s (+0.6%)1.891s21.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro13.499s (-1.9%)14.026s (~)0.527s51.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.649s (-1.1%)14.017s (~)0.368s51.01x
💻 LocalExpress13.797s (+3.2%)14.026s (~)0.229s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.912s (+0.7%)14.223s (+1.5%)0.310s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.408s (~)15.029s (~)0.621s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.453s (~)15.018s (~)0.565s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express23.175s (+10.3% 🔺)24.986s (+8.3% 🔺)1.811s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro24.384s (+19.5% 🔺)26.134s (+16.2% 🔺)1.750s31.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.658s (+11.9% 🔺)26.904s (+10.2% 🔺)2.245s31.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro11.955s (-3.6%)12.146s (-6.8% 🟢)0.191s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.174s (-5.9% 🟢)12.872s (-3.3%)0.698s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.387s (+5.9% 🔺)13.025s (+8.3% 🔺)0.638s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.708s (+1.4%)13.021s (~)0.313s71.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.764s (+0.5%)14.026s (~)0.262s71.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.809s (~)14.164s (+1.0%)0.355s71.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express34.843s (+8.6% 🔺)36.913s (+6.6% 🔺)2.070s31.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.971s (-1.0%)37.406s (~)2.435s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro35.627s (+12.0% 🔺)37.923s (+12.7% 🔺)2.296s31.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.172s (-7.5% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.182s (-1.8%)2.007s (~)0.825s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.195s (+4.7%)2.006s (~)0.811s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.215s (-2.9%)2.008s (~)0.793s151.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.289s (+1.0%)2.008s (~)0.718s151.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.363s (+2.9%)2.006s (~)0.643s151.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.755s (-3.2%)4.514s (-2.2%)1.759s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.897s (-13.3% 🟢)4.775s (-7.2% 🟢)1.878s71.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.148s (-31.7% 🟢)5.036s (-24.1% 🟢)1.888s61.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.449s (+7.3% 🔺)2.475s (+3.4%)1.026s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.496s (+6.1% 🔺)2.761s (+15.3% 🔺)1.264s121.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.586s (-8.3% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.419s151.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.689s (+5.9% 🔺)2.316s (+4.2%)0.626s131.17x
💻 LocalExpress1.701s (+16.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.304s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.851s (+12.9% 🔺)2.316s (+11.7% 🔺)0.464s131.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.325s (-6.4% 🟢)5.068s (-8.5% 🟢)1.742s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.770s (+2.9%)5.538s (+9.7% 🔺)1.768s61.13x
▲ VercelExpress3.835s (+23.1% 🔺)5.437s (+15.5% 🔺)1.602s61.15x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.718s (+6.1% 🔺)3.762s (-9.1% 🟢)2.044s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.756s (+11.4% 🔺)3.885s (~)2.129s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.293s (+4.0%)4.445s (+7.3% 🔺)1.152s71.92x
💻 LocalNitro3.787s (-19.8% 🟢)4.384s (-17.3% 🟢)0.598s82.20x
💻 LocalExpress4.515s (+66.2% 🔺)5.011s (+49.9% 🔺)0.497s62.63x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.048s (+26.1% 🔺)6.416s (+23.9% 🔺)0.368s53.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.175s (-15.8% 🟢)6.372s (-7.4% 🟢)2.198s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.379s (-16.1% 🟢)6.127s (-3.5%)1.747s51.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.873s (+0.9%)6.968s (+5.3% 🔺)2.095s51.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.157s (-4.1%)2.006s (~)0.849s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.229s (+2.4%)2.007s (~)0.778s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.285s (~)2.007s (~)0.721s151.11x
💻 LocalNitro1.342s (-10.8% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.663s151.16x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.402s (+0.8%)2.006s (~)0.604s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress1.532s (+22.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.474s151.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.232s (-22.3% 🟢)3.662s (-20.5% 🟢)1.430s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.275s (-6.7% 🟢)3.633s (+3.7%)1.359s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.460s (+0.9%)3.968s (-2.6%)1.509s81.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.270s (-8.6% 🟢)2.006s (-6.8% 🟢)0.736s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.451s (+6.3% 🔺)2.224s (-7.1% 🟢)0.773s141.14x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.480s (-0.5%)2.007s (~)0.527s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.685s (-19.0% 🟢)2.005s (-18.8% 🟢)0.320s151.33x
💻 LocalExpress2.031s (+27.8% 🔺)2.470s (+23.2% 🔺)0.439s131.60x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.059s (+0.5%)2.918s (+16.3% 🔺)0.859s111.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.909s (-44.4% 🟢)4.438s (-33.8% 🟢)1.529s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.121s (-12.0% 🟢)4.850s (-10.7% 🟢)1.729s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.208s (-3.9%)5.012s (-12.7% 🟢)1.804s61.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (-4.4%)3.455s (-13.9% 🟢)1.839s91.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.693s (-11.0% 🟢)4.143s (-3.7%)2.450s81.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.199s (+0.9%)5.014s (+2.9%)0.814s62.60x
💻 LocalNitro4.480s (-22.9% 🟢)5.016s (-24.2% 🟢)0.536s72.77x
💻 LocalExpress5.236s (+34.7% 🔺)5.681s (+33.3% 🔺)0.445s63.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.677s (+24.0% 🔺)7.217s (+23.4% 🔺)0.540s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.659s (-5.7% 🟢)5.712s (+4.5%)2.053s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.935s (-11.9% 🟢)5.860s (-9.5% 🟢)1.925s61.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.608s (-7.5% 🟢)6.777s (-1.1%)2.170s51.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.503s (-12.6% 🟢)1.024s (~)0.521s591.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.513s (-15.9% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.491s601.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.592s (+2.4%)1.007s (-1.6%)0.414s601.18x
💻 LocalExpress0.594s (+21.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.410s601.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.823s (~)1.006s (~)0.183s601.64x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.907s (~)1.076s (~)0.169s561.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.452s (-14.8% 🟢)7.026s (-11.1% 🟢)1.575s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.624s (+9.3% 🔺)7.459s (+9.2% 🔺)1.835s91.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.737s (+4.6%)7.898s (+6.5% 🔺)2.161s81.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.265s (-15.7% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.740s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.376s (+2.0%)2.007s (~)0.631s451.09x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.391s (+2.4%)2.101s (+4.7%)0.710s431.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.517s (+17.8% 🔺)2.028s (+2.2%)0.512s451.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.958s (+2.0%)2.227s (+6.0% 🔺)0.269s411.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.180s (+2.7%)3.008s (~)0.828s301.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.452s (-3.5%)16.665s (-1.8%)2.213s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.971s (-3.5%)17.347s (-1.5%)2.376s61.04x
▲ VercelNitro15.113s (+6.1% 🔺)16.984s (+9.1% 🔺)1.871s61.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.510s (-9.9% 🟢)3.222s (+1.9%)0.712s381.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.808s (+4.3%)3.111s (+1.7%)0.303s391.12x
💻 LocalNitro2.821s (-13.0% 🟢)3.109s (-22.4% 🟢)0.288s391.12x
💻 LocalExpress3.175s (+21.1% 🔺)3.912s (+25.8% 🔺)0.737s311.26x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.788s (-2.0%)4.009s (-3.3%)0.221s301.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.473s (+2.7%)5.011s (~)0.538s241.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.147s (+0.8%)27.937s (+1.0%)1.790s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress26.617s (-2.5%)28.981s (~)2.364s51.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)27.124s (-8.9% 🟢)29.042s (-8.6% 🟢)1.918s51.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.214s (-15.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.793s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.258s (+3.0%)1.006s (~)0.748s601.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.294s (~)1.006s (~)0.712s601.37x
💻 LocalNitro0.366s (-20.3% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.638s601.71x
💻 LocalExpress0.417s (+20.5% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.587s601.94x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-8.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.491s602.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.025s (-17.6% 🟢)3.559s (-11.1% 🟢)1.534s171.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-9.8% 🟢)4.083s (~)2.007s161.03x
▲ VercelExpress2.238s (-12.2% 🟢)4.065s (-5.3% 🟢)1.827s151.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.338s (-17.3% 🟢)1.008s (-3.1%)0.670s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.423s (+6.7% 🔺)1.029s (+2.2%)0.606s881.25x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)1.191s (+7.9% 🔺)0.585s761.79x
💻 LocalNitro1.912s (-14.9% 🟢)2.403s (-12.2% 🟢)0.490s385.65x
💻 LocalExpress2.127s (+40.6% 🔺)2.714s (+30.8% 🔺)0.588s346.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s (+11.6% 🔺)3.332s (+8.3% 🔺)0.673s287.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.663s (-30.0% 🟢)4.422s (-19.0% 🟢)1.760s211.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.896s (-23.4% 🟢)4.640s (-12.5% 🟢)1.744s201.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-19.9% 🟢)4.741s (-18.4% 🟢)1.700s191.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.755s (-7.3% 🟢)1.260s (-7.1% 🟢)0.505s961.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.823s (+3.1%)1.403s (+4.7%)0.580s861.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.822s (+6.5% 🔺)3.795s (+4.0%)0.974s323.74x
💻 LocalNitro8.184s (-13.8% 🟢)8.881s (-12.2% 🟢)0.697s1410.85x
💻 LocalExpress9.501s (+39.0% 🔺)10.111s (+34.5% 🔺)0.611s1212.59x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)11.106s (+1.0%)12.233s (+1.7%)1.127s1014.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro6.118s (-12.0% 🟢)7.698s (-9.1% 🟢)1.580s161.00x
▲ VercelExpress6.523s (-22.2% 🟢)8.410s (-16.9% 🟢)1.887s151.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.696s (-5.9% 🟢)9.626s (-4.8%)1.930s131.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.145s (-1.8%)2.004s (~)0.008s (-23.1% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.870s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (+3.9%)2.005s (~)0.010s (+78.6% 🔺)2.017s (~)0.861s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.185s (+1.1%)1.997s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.012s (~)0.827s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.212s (~)2.005s (~)0.013s (+33.7% 🔺)2.022s (~)0.810s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.226s (-2.4%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.783s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.240s (+5.0%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-61.5% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.768s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.320s (+4.8%)3.693s (+11.2% 🔺)0.729s (-39.8% 🟢)4.902s (-2.9%)2.583s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.480s (+11.9% 🔺)3.389s (-3.2%)1.169s (+5.9% 🔺)5.023s (~)2.543s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.490s (+12.8% 🔺)3.626s (-1.1%)1.017s (~)5.192s (~)2.702s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.476s (-6.9% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.009s (-26.7% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.544s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (+11.1% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.013s (+36.9% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.458s301.06x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.598s (~)2.003s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.428s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.673s (+4.2%)2.071s (+3.1%)0.004s (-21.3% 🟢)2.093s (+3.3%)0.420s291.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.762s (+2.4%)2.009s (~)0.014s (+22.1% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.264s301.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.777s (~)2.011s (~)0.005s (+45.0% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.248s301.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.823s (-13.3% 🟢)7.325s (-10.2% 🟢)0.176s (-9.5% 🟢)8.076s (-8.6% 🟢)2.253s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.990s (-0.8%)7.361s (+5.1% 🔺)0.163s (-17.9% 🟢)8.017s (+5.1% 🔺)2.027s81.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.003s (-5.6% 🟢)7.350s (-9.0% 🟢)0.297s (-7.5% 🟢)8.177s (-8.3% 🟢)2.173s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.792s (-2.5%)1.046s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.060s (-1.4%)0.268s571.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.880s (+8.9% 🔺)1.275s (+20.5% 🔺)0.000s (-70.2% 🟢)1.287s (+19.2% 🔺)0.407s471.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.026s (+5.4% 🔺)1.525s (+10.0% 🔺)0.000s (+65.0% 🔺)1.533s (+9.9% 🔺)0.506s401.30x
💻 LocalNitro1.222s (-15.4% 🟢)1.947s (-3.3%)0.000s (-35.5% 🟢)1.949s (-3.3%)0.727s311.54x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (+31.2% 🔺)2.013s (+14.8% 🔺)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)2.016s (+14.8% 🔺)0.621s301.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.472s (-3.2%)2.012s (~)0.000s (-14.3% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.543s301.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.724s (-16.1% 🟢)4.127s (-8.8% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)4.609s (-7.8% 🟢)1.885s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.788s (~)4.050s (+1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.603s (+5.2% 🔺)1.815s141.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.906s (-7.8% 🟢)4.559s (-3.2%)0.001s (+750.0% 🔺)5.046s (-2.9%)2.139s121.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.597s (~)2.133s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.163s (~)0.566s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.860s (+15.2% 🔺)2.372s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.408s (+11.8% 🔺)0.548s251.17x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.272s (+2.6%)2.697s (-1.2%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.746s (~)0.474s231.42x
💻 LocalNitro2.594s (-19.2% 🟢)3.022s (-22.6% 🟢)0.000s (-78.7% 🟢)3.024s (-22.6% 🟢)0.430s201.62x
💻 LocalExpress2.954s (+39.7% 🔺)3.669s (+43.4% 🔺)0.001s (+61.3% 🔺)3.677s (+43.4% 🔺)0.723s171.85x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-0.7%)3.614s (+1.9%)0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)3.618s (+1.7%)0.577s171.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.253s (-9.0% 🟢)5.863s (+3.5%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.454s (+6.2% 🔺)2.200s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.487s (-1.3%)5.931s (-2.4%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.593s (+0.9%)2.105s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.614s (-6.4% 🟢)6.400s (+0.9%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.992s (+2.5%)2.378s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro21/21
🐘 PostgresExpress14/21
▲ VercelExpress10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres11/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production143102191650
✅ 💻 Local Development188102192100
✅ 📦 Local Production188102192100
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres186702332100
✅ 🪟 Windows15000150
✅ 📋 Other87201781050
Total8082010689150

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro124026
✅ example124026
✅ express124026
✅ fastify124026
✅ hono124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack14802
✅ nextjs-webpack14802
✅ nitro124026
✅ nuxt124026
✅ sveltekit14307
✅ vite124026
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable124026
✅ express-stable124026
✅ fastify-stable124026
✅ hono-stable124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nitro-stable124026
✅ nuxt-stable124026
✅ sveltekit-stable14307
✅ vite-stable124026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15000
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable124026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-124026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start124026

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Adds new end-to-end coverage for the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies built on hook.getConflict(), including “claim-only mutex”, “adopt owner result”, “signal owner”, “supersede owner”, and a route-side resume-or-start retry pattern.

Changes:

  • Add four new workflow fixtures demonstrating conflict-handling strategies (hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow, hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow, hookSignalOwnerWorkflow, hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow).
  • Add five new e2e tests that exercise those strategies against the runtime (including event-level assertions and route-side retry behavior).
  • Wire default arguments for the new workflows into the workbench, and add a Changeset entry.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

FileDescription
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/app/workflows/definitions.tsAdds default args for the new e2e strategy workflows so they can be triggered from the workbench.
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsIntroduces new workflow fixtures implementing the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds e2e tests covering each strategy plus the resume-or-start retry flow.
.changeset/idempotency-strategy-e2e.mdAdds a Changeset entry describing the new e2e coverage.

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Comment threadpackages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +2077 to +2079
// The superseded owner ends up cancelled.
const { json: run1Data } = await cliInspectJson(`runs ${run1.runId}`);
expect(run1Data.status).toBe('cancelled');

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Fixed in 2e9d000: the test now awaits run1.returnValue and asserts WorkflowRunCancelledError.is(error) (matching the existing cancellation tests), alongside the status check. Note returnValue is a lazy getter so no pending promise existed before — but asserting the rejection both strengthens the test and guarantees nothing can leak if that changes.

… conflict
On slow runtimes the duplicate's first invocation could land after the
owner completed and released the token, making the duplicate a fresh
owner that waits forever for a payload (90s timeout across CI matrices).
Poll the duplicate's event log for hook_conflict before resuming the
owner, and widen the test timeout for the added gate budget.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edged in esbuild hang)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The 2e9d000 deployment's next build crashed in an esbuild hang but its
task (70724907c9dd3a29) was recorded into the turbo remote cache anyway,
so every subsequent build with the same input hash replays the broken
artifact (missing routes-manifest). Change a build input to force a
fresh execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Approve — the documented strategies now have teeth

Test-only PR closing the docs↔coverage gap: every conflict-handling strategy from the run-idempotency docs now has an e2e test proving it end-to-end. I ran the full hook suite (25 tests) plus the resume-or-start test against a local nextjs-turbopack dev server — all pass.

What's notably good:

  • The race-fix commit shows real understanding of the timing semantics. The adopt-owner-result test gates the owner's completion on run2 having observed the hook_conflict event — without it, a slow first invocation of run2 could land after the owner released the token, turning run2 into a fresh owner waiting forever. And the signal-owner test correctly omits that gate, because there the owner can only complete via the duplicate's forward — the dependency itself serializes the race. Gate where needed, not everywhere.
  • The claim-only mutex test asserts the negative: zero hook_received events on the owner — pinning "hooks as a pure run mutex" as a supported pattern rather than an accident, plus the full lifecycle (hold → duplicate identifies owner → release on completion → clean reclaim by a third run) with a poll-based release wait instead of a fixed sleep.
  • The supersede test handles the unhandled-rejection trap: run1.returnValue.catch(...) + WorkflowRunCancelledError.is() assertion both verifies the cancellation semantics and prevents the rejected promise from leaking out of the test — and double-checks via CLI inspect. The reclaim assertion (waitForHook filtered by run2.runId) correctly handles the disposal-propagation window.
  • The resume-or-start test exercises the documented route pattern directly — including the pre-start HookNotFoundError assertion, with a more forgiving retry budget (30s/250ms) than the docs' inline example.
  • Workflows live once in workbench/example and reach other workbenches via symlink, per convention; definitions.ts updated; empty changeset is right for test-only changes.

One process note for other reviewers: a two-dot diff against current main appears to delete #2385's reserved-attributes e2e test — that's the usual branch-point artifact (#2385 merged after this branch was cut), not a real deletion. The three-dot diff is purely additive (378+/0−) and the merge with current main is clean.

CI fully green. LGTM.

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2402. (backport job run)

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, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page (function() { var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid', 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign']; function cleanUrl(url) { try { var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin); var changed = false; trackingParams.forEach(function(p) { if (u.searchParams.has(p)) { u.searchParams.delete(p); changed = true; } }); return changed ? u.toString() : url; } catch (e) { return url; } } function cleanLinks() { document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } cleanLinks(); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1) { if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks(); node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies - #2387

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pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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pranaygp/idempotency-strategy-e2e
Jun 13, 2026
Merged

test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies#2387
pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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pranaygp/idempotency-strategy-e2e

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Summary

Adds e2e coverage for the run-idempotency patterns and conflict-handling strategies documented in #2011 (built on hook.getConflict() from #2373). Before this, e2e coverage proved claim-without-payload and conflict detection, but none of the documented strategies — and the purest use case (hooks purely as a run mutex, never carrying data) had no owner-side coverage.

New tests (packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts + workflows in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts)

  • hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow — pure run mutex. The owner claims the token via getConflict(), holds it through a slow step, and never awaits payload data (asserted via zero hook_received events). A duplicate started during the hold identifies the owner; after the owner completes, the token is released and a third run claims it cleanly.
  • hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow — adopt the owner's result. The duplicate awaits conflict.returnValue and returns the owner's exact result, proving callers can't tell which run did the work.
  • hookSignalOwnerWorkflow — signal the owner. The duplicate forwards its own input into the owner's hook via resumeHook() from a step; the owner completes with the forwarded payload.
  • hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow — newest-wins. The duplicate cancels the owner via conflict.cancel() and reclaims the released token through the documented retry loop; asserts the owner ends cancelled and the new owner receives payloads on the reclaimed token.
  • Resume-or-start route pattern. Exercises the documented route-side flow directly from the test: resumeHook fails with HookNotFoundError before any run exists, then start() + retried resume reaches the started run without dropping the payload.

Validation

  • cd workbench/example && pnpm build (workflows compile through the SWC plugin)
  • Full hook e2e suite against local nextjs-turbopack dev server: 25 tests pass, including all 5 new ones

Changeset: patch for workflow/@workflow/core (test-only; rides along on the next bump).

Covers the patterns documented in foundations/idempotency:
- claim-only hook mutex: token claimed and held with no payload data,
duplicate identifies the owner, token released after completion
- adopt the owner's result via conflict.returnValue
- signal the owner: duplicate forwards its payload via resumeHook
- supersede: duplicate cancels the owner and reclaims the token
- route-side resume-or-start retry pattern reaching the started run
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings June 12, 2026 21:30
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerJune 12, 2026 21:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0237347

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 0 packages

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.036s (-10.2% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.969s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.041s (+50.5% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.965s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.048s (-15.5% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.963s101.31x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s (+1.0%)1.007s (~)0.946s101.69x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-1.8%)1.013s (~)0.947s101.81x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.067s (-2.1%)1.012s (~)0.945s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.308s (+11.5% 🔺)2.339s (-19.3% 🟢)2.031s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.345s (+19.0% 🔺)2.153s (-3.7%)1.808s101.12x
▲ VercelExpress0.361s (+21.3% 🔺)2.309s (-6.0% 🟢)1.948s101.17x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.074s (-1.7%)2.005s (~)0.931s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.090s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.916s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.119s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.891s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.140s (+0.6%)2.007s (~)0.867s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.143s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.866s101.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.163s (+4.8%)2.008s (~)0.845s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.622s (~)3.642s (-2.2%)2.021s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.730s (+7.3% 🔺)3.407s (+1.3%)1.677s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.774s (+10.5% 🔺)3.631s (-4.2%)1.857s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.413s (-1.3%)11.020s (~)0.607s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.515s (+1.3%)11.022s (~)0.507s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.618s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.406s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.665s (+1.1%)11.017s (~)0.352s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.798s (~)11.017s (~)0.220s31.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.823s (~)11.023s (~)0.200s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.885s (+3.0%)15.740s (+4.0%)1.855s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress14.582s (+6.8% 🔺)16.295s (+5.3% 🔺)1.713s21.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.806s (+4.2%)16.697s (+0.6%)1.891s21.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro13.499s (-1.9%)14.026s (~)0.527s51.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.649s (-1.1%)14.017s (~)0.368s51.01x
💻 LocalExpress13.797s (+3.2%)14.026s (~)0.229s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.912s (+0.7%)14.223s (+1.5%)0.310s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.408s (~)15.029s (~)0.621s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.453s (~)15.018s (~)0.565s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express23.175s (+10.3% 🔺)24.986s (+8.3% 🔺)1.811s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro24.384s (+19.5% 🔺)26.134s (+16.2% 🔺)1.750s31.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.658s (+11.9% 🔺)26.904s (+10.2% 🔺)2.245s31.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro11.955s (-3.6%)12.146s (-6.8% 🟢)0.191s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.174s (-5.9% 🟢)12.872s (-3.3%)0.698s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.387s (+5.9% 🔺)13.025s (+8.3% 🔺)0.638s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.708s (+1.4%)13.021s (~)0.313s71.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.764s (+0.5%)14.026s (~)0.262s71.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.809s (~)14.164s (+1.0%)0.355s71.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express34.843s (+8.6% 🔺)36.913s (+6.6% 🔺)2.070s31.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.971s (-1.0%)37.406s (~)2.435s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro35.627s (+12.0% 🔺)37.923s (+12.7% 🔺)2.296s31.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.172s (-7.5% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.182s (-1.8%)2.007s (~)0.825s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.195s (+4.7%)2.006s (~)0.811s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.215s (-2.9%)2.008s (~)0.793s151.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.289s (+1.0%)2.008s (~)0.718s151.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.363s (+2.9%)2.006s (~)0.643s151.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.755s (-3.2%)4.514s (-2.2%)1.759s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.897s (-13.3% 🟢)4.775s (-7.2% 🟢)1.878s71.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.148s (-31.7% 🟢)5.036s (-24.1% 🟢)1.888s61.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.449s (+7.3% 🔺)2.475s (+3.4%)1.026s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.496s (+6.1% 🔺)2.761s (+15.3% 🔺)1.264s121.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.586s (-8.3% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.419s151.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.689s (+5.9% 🔺)2.316s (+4.2%)0.626s131.17x
💻 LocalExpress1.701s (+16.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.304s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.851s (+12.9% 🔺)2.316s (+11.7% 🔺)0.464s131.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.325s (-6.4% 🟢)5.068s (-8.5% 🟢)1.742s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.770s (+2.9%)5.538s (+9.7% 🔺)1.768s61.13x
▲ VercelExpress3.835s (+23.1% 🔺)5.437s (+15.5% 🔺)1.602s61.15x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.718s (+6.1% 🔺)3.762s (-9.1% 🟢)2.044s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.756s (+11.4% 🔺)3.885s (~)2.129s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.293s (+4.0%)4.445s (+7.3% 🔺)1.152s71.92x
💻 LocalNitro3.787s (-19.8% 🟢)4.384s (-17.3% 🟢)0.598s82.20x
💻 LocalExpress4.515s (+66.2% 🔺)5.011s (+49.9% 🔺)0.497s62.63x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.048s (+26.1% 🔺)6.416s (+23.9% 🔺)0.368s53.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.175s (-15.8% 🟢)6.372s (-7.4% 🟢)2.198s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.379s (-16.1% 🟢)6.127s (-3.5%)1.747s51.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.873s (+0.9%)6.968s (+5.3% 🔺)2.095s51.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.157s (-4.1%)2.006s (~)0.849s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.229s (+2.4%)2.007s (~)0.778s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.285s (~)2.007s (~)0.721s151.11x
💻 LocalNitro1.342s (-10.8% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.663s151.16x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.402s (+0.8%)2.006s (~)0.604s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress1.532s (+22.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.474s151.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.232s (-22.3% 🟢)3.662s (-20.5% 🟢)1.430s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.275s (-6.7% 🟢)3.633s (+3.7%)1.359s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.460s (+0.9%)3.968s (-2.6%)1.509s81.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.270s (-8.6% 🟢)2.006s (-6.8% 🟢)0.736s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.451s (+6.3% 🔺)2.224s (-7.1% 🟢)0.773s141.14x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.480s (-0.5%)2.007s (~)0.527s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.685s (-19.0% 🟢)2.005s (-18.8% 🟢)0.320s151.33x
💻 LocalExpress2.031s (+27.8% 🔺)2.470s (+23.2% 🔺)0.439s131.60x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.059s (+0.5%)2.918s (+16.3% 🔺)0.859s111.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.909s (-44.4% 🟢)4.438s (-33.8% 🟢)1.529s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.121s (-12.0% 🟢)4.850s (-10.7% 🟢)1.729s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.208s (-3.9%)5.012s (-12.7% 🟢)1.804s61.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (-4.4%)3.455s (-13.9% 🟢)1.839s91.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.693s (-11.0% 🟢)4.143s (-3.7%)2.450s81.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.199s (+0.9%)5.014s (+2.9%)0.814s62.60x
💻 LocalNitro4.480s (-22.9% 🟢)5.016s (-24.2% 🟢)0.536s72.77x
💻 LocalExpress5.236s (+34.7% 🔺)5.681s (+33.3% 🔺)0.445s63.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.677s (+24.0% 🔺)7.217s (+23.4% 🔺)0.540s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.659s (-5.7% 🟢)5.712s (+4.5%)2.053s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.935s (-11.9% 🟢)5.860s (-9.5% 🟢)1.925s61.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.608s (-7.5% 🟢)6.777s (-1.1%)2.170s51.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.503s (-12.6% 🟢)1.024s (~)0.521s591.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.513s (-15.9% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.491s601.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.592s (+2.4%)1.007s (-1.6%)0.414s601.18x
💻 LocalExpress0.594s (+21.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.410s601.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.823s (~)1.006s (~)0.183s601.64x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.907s (~)1.076s (~)0.169s561.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.452s (-14.8% 🟢)7.026s (-11.1% 🟢)1.575s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.624s (+9.3% 🔺)7.459s (+9.2% 🔺)1.835s91.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.737s (+4.6%)7.898s (+6.5% 🔺)2.161s81.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.265s (-15.7% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.740s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.376s (+2.0%)2.007s (~)0.631s451.09x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.391s (+2.4%)2.101s (+4.7%)0.710s431.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.517s (+17.8% 🔺)2.028s (+2.2%)0.512s451.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.958s (+2.0%)2.227s (+6.0% 🔺)0.269s411.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.180s (+2.7%)3.008s (~)0.828s301.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.452s (-3.5%)16.665s (-1.8%)2.213s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.971s (-3.5%)17.347s (-1.5%)2.376s61.04x
▲ VercelNitro15.113s (+6.1% 🔺)16.984s (+9.1% 🔺)1.871s61.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.510s (-9.9% 🟢)3.222s (+1.9%)0.712s381.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.808s (+4.3%)3.111s (+1.7%)0.303s391.12x
💻 LocalNitro2.821s (-13.0% 🟢)3.109s (-22.4% 🟢)0.288s391.12x
💻 LocalExpress3.175s (+21.1% 🔺)3.912s (+25.8% 🔺)0.737s311.26x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.788s (-2.0%)4.009s (-3.3%)0.221s301.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.473s (+2.7%)5.011s (~)0.538s241.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.147s (+0.8%)27.937s (+1.0%)1.790s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress26.617s (-2.5%)28.981s (~)2.364s51.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)27.124s (-8.9% 🟢)29.042s (-8.6% 🟢)1.918s51.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.214s (-15.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.793s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.258s (+3.0%)1.006s (~)0.748s601.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.294s (~)1.006s (~)0.712s601.37x
💻 LocalNitro0.366s (-20.3% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.638s601.71x
💻 LocalExpress0.417s (+20.5% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.587s601.94x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-8.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.491s602.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.025s (-17.6% 🟢)3.559s (-11.1% 🟢)1.534s171.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-9.8% 🟢)4.083s (~)2.007s161.03x
▲ VercelExpress2.238s (-12.2% 🟢)4.065s (-5.3% 🟢)1.827s151.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.338s (-17.3% 🟢)1.008s (-3.1%)0.670s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.423s (+6.7% 🔺)1.029s (+2.2%)0.606s881.25x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)1.191s (+7.9% 🔺)0.585s761.79x
💻 LocalNitro1.912s (-14.9% 🟢)2.403s (-12.2% 🟢)0.490s385.65x
💻 LocalExpress2.127s (+40.6% 🔺)2.714s (+30.8% 🔺)0.588s346.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s (+11.6% 🔺)3.332s (+8.3% 🔺)0.673s287.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.663s (-30.0% 🟢)4.422s (-19.0% 🟢)1.760s211.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.896s (-23.4% 🟢)4.640s (-12.5% 🟢)1.744s201.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-19.9% 🟢)4.741s (-18.4% 🟢)1.700s191.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.755s (-7.3% 🟢)1.260s (-7.1% 🟢)0.505s961.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.823s (+3.1%)1.403s (+4.7%)0.580s861.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.822s (+6.5% 🔺)3.795s (+4.0%)0.974s323.74x
💻 LocalNitro8.184s (-13.8% 🟢)8.881s (-12.2% 🟢)0.697s1410.85x
💻 LocalExpress9.501s (+39.0% 🔺)10.111s (+34.5% 🔺)0.611s1212.59x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)11.106s (+1.0%)12.233s (+1.7%)1.127s1014.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro6.118s (-12.0% 🟢)7.698s (-9.1% 🟢)1.580s161.00x
▲ VercelExpress6.523s (-22.2% 🟢)8.410s (-16.9% 🟢)1.887s151.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.696s (-5.9% 🟢)9.626s (-4.8%)1.930s131.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.145s (-1.8%)2.004s (~)0.008s (-23.1% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.870s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (+3.9%)2.005s (~)0.010s (+78.6% 🔺)2.017s (~)0.861s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.185s (+1.1%)1.997s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.012s (~)0.827s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.212s (~)2.005s (~)0.013s (+33.7% 🔺)2.022s (~)0.810s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.226s (-2.4%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.783s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.240s (+5.0%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-61.5% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.768s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.320s (+4.8%)3.693s (+11.2% 🔺)0.729s (-39.8% 🟢)4.902s (-2.9%)2.583s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.480s (+11.9% 🔺)3.389s (-3.2%)1.169s (+5.9% 🔺)5.023s (~)2.543s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.490s (+12.8% 🔺)3.626s (-1.1%)1.017s (~)5.192s (~)2.702s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.476s (-6.9% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.009s (-26.7% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.544s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (+11.1% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.013s (+36.9% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.458s301.06x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.598s (~)2.003s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.428s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.673s (+4.2%)2.071s (+3.1%)0.004s (-21.3% 🟢)2.093s (+3.3%)0.420s291.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.762s (+2.4%)2.009s (~)0.014s (+22.1% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.264s301.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.777s (~)2.011s (~)0.005s (+45.0% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.248s301.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.823s (-13.3% 🟢)7.325s (-10.2% 🟢)0.176s (-9.5% 🟢)8.076s (-8.6% 🟢)2.253s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.990s (-0.8%)7.361s (+5.1% 🔺)0.163s (-17.9% 🟢)8.017s (+5.1% 🔺)2.027s81.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.003s (-5.6% 🟢)7.350s (-9.0% 🟢)0.297s (-7.5% 🟢)8.177s (-8.3% 🟢)2.173s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.792s (-2.5%)1.046s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.060s (-1.4%)0.268s571.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.880s (+8.9% 🔺)1.275s (+20.5% 🔺)0.000s (-70.2% 🟢)1.287s (+19.2% 🔺)0.407s471.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.026s (+5.4% 🔺)1.525s (+10.0% 🔺)0.000s (+65.0% 🔺)1.533s (+9.9% 🔺)0.506s401.30x
💻 LocalNitro1.222s (-15.4% 🟢)1.947s (-3.3%)0.000s (-35.5% 🟢)1.949s (-3.3%)0.727s311.54x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (+31.2% 🔺)2.013s (+14.8% 🔺)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)2.016s (+14.8% 🔺)0.621s301.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.472s (-3.2%)2.012s (~)0.000s (-14.3% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.543s301.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.724s (-16.1% 🟢)4.127s (-8.8% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)4.609s (-7.8% 🟢)1.885s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.788s (~)4.050s (+1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.603s (+5.2% 🔺)1.815s141.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.906s (-7.8% 🟢)4.559s (-3.2%)0.001s (+750.0% 🔺)5.046s (-2.9%)2.139s121.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.597s (~)2.133s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.163s (~)0.566s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.860s (+15.2% 🔺)2.372s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.408s (+11.8% 🔺)0.548s251.17x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.272s (+2.6%)2.697s (-1.2%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.746s (~)0.474s231.42x
💻 LocalNitro2.594s (-19.2% 🟢)3.022s (-22.6% 🟢)0.000s (-78.7% 🟢)3.024s (-22.6% 🟢)0.430s201.62x
💻 LocalExpress2.954s (+39.7% 🔺)3.669s (+43.4% 🔺)0.001s (+61.3% 🔺)3.677s (+43.4% 🔺)0.723s171.85x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-0.7%)3.614s (+1.9%)0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)3.618s (+1.7%)0.577s171.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.253s (-9.0% 🟢)5.863s (+3.5%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.454s (+6.2% 🔺)2.200s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.487s (-1.3%)5.931s (-2.4%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.593s (+0.9%)2.105s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.614s (-6.4% 🟢)6.400s (+0.9%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.992s (+2.5%)2.378s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro21/21
🐘 PostgresExpress14/21
▲ VercelExpress10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres11/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production143102191650
✅ 💻 Local Development188102192100
✅ 📦 Local Production188102192100
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres186702332100
✅ 🪟 Windows15000150
✅ 📋 Other87201781050
Total8082010689150

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro124026
✅ example124026
✅ express124026
✅ fastify124026
✅ hono124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack14802
✅ nextjs-webpack14802
✅ nitro124026
✅ nuxt124026
✅ sveltekit14307
✅ vite124026
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable124026
✅ express-stable124026
✅ fastify-stable124026
✅ hono-stable124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nitro-stable124026
✅ nuxt-stable124026
✅ sveltekit-stable14307
✅ vite-stable124026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15000
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable124026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-124026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start124026

📋 View full workflow run

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Pull request overview

Adds new end-to-end coverage for the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies built on hook.getConflict(), including “claim-only mutex”, “adopt owner result”, “signal owner”, “supersede owner”, and a route-side resume-or-start retry pattern.

Changes:

  • Add four new workflow fixtures demonstrating conflict-handling strategies (hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow, hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow, hookSignalOwnerWorkflow, hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow).
  • Add five new e2e tests that exercise those strategies against the runtime (including event-level assertions and route-side retry behavior).
  • Wire default arguments for the new workflows into the workbench, and add a Changeset entry.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

FileDescription
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/app/workflows/definitions.tsAdds default args for the new e2e strategy workflows so they can be triggered from the workbench.
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsIntroduces new workflow fixtures implementing the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds e2e tests covering each strategy plus the resume-or-start retry flow.
.changeset/idempotency-strategy-e2e.mdAdds a Changeset entry describing the new e2e coverage.

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Comment threadpackages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +2077 to +2079
// The superseded owner ends up cancelled.
const { json: run1Data } = await cliInspectJson(`runs ${run1.runId}`);
expect(run1Data.status).toBe('cancelled');

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Fixed in 2e9d000: the test now awaits run1.returnValue and asserts WorkflowRunCancelledError.is(error) (matching the existing cancellation tests), alongside the status check. Note returnValue is a lazy getter so no pending promise existed before — but asserting the rejection both strengthens the test and guarantees nothing can leak if that changes.

… conflict
On slow runtimes the duplicate's first invocation could land after the
owner completed and released the token, making the duplicate a fresh
owner that waits forever for a payload (90s timeout across CI matrices).
Poll the duplicate's event log for hook_conflict before resuming the
owner, and widen the test timeout for the added gate budget.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edged in esbuild hang)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The 2e9d000 deployment's next build crashed in an esbuild hang but its
task (70724907c9dd3a29) was recorded into the turbo remote cache anyway,
so every subsequent build with the same input hash replays the broken
artifact (missing routes-manifest). Change a build input to force a
fresh execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Approve — the documented strategies now have teeth

Test-only PR closing the docs↔coverage gap: every conflict-handling strategy from the run-idempotency docs now has an e2e test proving it end-to-end. I ran the full hook suite (25 tests) plus the resume-or-start test against a local nextjs-turbopack dev server — all pass.

What's notably good:

  • The race-fix commit shows real understanding of the timing semantics. The adopt-owner-result test gates the owner's completion on run2 having observed the hook_conflict event — without it, a slow first invocation of run2 could land after the owner released the token, turning run2 into a fresh owner waiting forever. And the signal-owner test correctly omits that gate, because there the owner can only complete via the duplicate's forward — the dependency itself serializes the race. Gate where needed, not everywhere.
  • The claim-only mutex test asserts the negative: zero hook_received events on the owner — pinning "hooks as a pure run mutex" as a supported pattern rather than an accident, plus the full lifecycle (hold → duplicate identifies owner → release on completion → clean reclaim by a third run) with a poll-based release wait instead of a fixed sleep.
  • The supersede test handles the unhandled-rejection trap: run1.returnValue.catch(...) + WorkflowRunCancelledError.is() assertion both verifies the cancellation semantics and prevents the rejected promise from leaking out of the test — and double-checks via CLI inspect. The reclaim assertion (waitForHook filtered by run2.runId) correctly handles the disposal-propagation window.
  • The resume-or-start test exercises the documented route pattern directly — including the pre-start HookNotFoundError assertion, with a more forgiving retry budget (30s/250ms) than the docs' inline example.
  • Workflows live once in workbench/example and reach other workbenches via symlink, per convention; definitions.ts updated; empty changeset is right for test-only changes.

One process note for other reviewers: a two-dot diff against current main appears to delete #2385's reserved-attributes e2e test — that's the usual branch-point artifact (#2385 merged after this branch was cut), not a real deletion. The three-dot diff is purely additive (378+/0−) and the merge with current main is clean.

CI fully green. LGTM.

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2402. (backport job run)

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies - #2387

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies#2387
pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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Summary

Adds e2e coverage for the run-idempotency patterns and conflict-handling strategies documented in #2011 (built on hook.getConflict() from #2373). Before this, e2e coverage proved claim-without-payload and conflict detection, but none of the documented strategies — and the purest use case (hooks purely as a run mutex, never carrying data) had no owner-side coverage.

New tests (packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts + workflows in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts)

  • hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow — pure run mutex. The owner claims the token via getConflict(), holds it through a slow step, and never awaits payload data (asserted via zero hook_received events). A duplicate started during the hold identifies the owner; after the owner completes, the token is released and a third run claims it cleanly.
  • hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow — adopt the owner's result. The duplicate awaits conflict.returnValue and returns the owner's exact result, proving callers can't tell which run did the work.
  • hookSignalOwnerWorkflow — signal the owner. The duplicate forwards its own input into the owner's hook via resumeHook() from a step; the owner completes with the forwarded payload.
  • hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow — newest-wins. The duplicate cancels the owner via conflict.cancel() and reclaims the released token through the documented retry loop; asserts the owner ends cancelled and the new owner receives payloads on the reclaimed token.
  • Resume-or-start route pattern. Exercises the documented route-side flow directly from the test: resumeHook fails with HookNotFoundError before any run exists, then start() + retried resume reaches the started run without dropping the payload.

Validation

  • cd workbench/example && pnpm build (workflows compile through the SWC plugin)
  • Full hook e2e suite against local nextjs-turbopack dev server: 25 tests pass, including all 5 new ones

Changeset: patch for workflow/@workflow/core (test-only; rides along on the next bump).

Covers the patterns documented in foundations/idempotency:
- claim-only hook mutex: token claimed and held with no payload data,
duplicate identifies the owner, token released after completion
- adopt the owner's result via conflict.returnValue
- signal the owner: duplicate forwards its payload via resumeHook
- supersede: duplicate cancels the owner and reclaims the token
- route-side resume-or-start retry pattern reaching the started run
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings June 12, 2026 21:30
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerJune 12, 2026 21:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0237347

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.036s (-10.2% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.969s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.041s (+50.5% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.965s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.048s (-15.5% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.963s101.31x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s (+1.0%)1.007s (~)0.946s101.69x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-1.8%)1.013s (~)0.947s101.81x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.067s (-2.1%)1.012s (~)0.945s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.308s (+11.5% 🔺)2.339s (-19.3% 🟢)2.031s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.345s (+19.0% 🔺)2.153s (-3.7%)1.808s101.12x
▲ VercelExpress0.361s (+21.3% 🔺)2.309s (-6.0% 🟢)1.948s101.17x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.074s (-1.7%)2.005s (~)0.931s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.090s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.916s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.119s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.891s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.140s (+0.6%)2.007s (~)0.867s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.143s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.866s101.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.163s (+4.8%)2.008s (~)0.845s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.622s (~)3.642s (-2.2%)2.021s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.730s (+7.3% 🔺)3.407s (+1.3%)1.677s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.774s (+10.5% 🔺)3.631s (-4.2%)1.857s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.413s (-1.3%)11.020s (~)0.607s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.515s (+1.3%)11.022s (~)0.507s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.618s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.406s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.665s (+1.1%)11.017s (~)0.352s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.798s (~)11.017s (~)0.220s31.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.823s (~)11.023s (~)0.200s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.885s (+3.0%)15.740s (+4.0%)1.855s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress14.582s (+6.8% 🔺)16.295s (+5.3% 🔺)1.713s21.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.806s (+4.2%)16.697s (+0.6%)1.891s21.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro13.499s (-1.9%)14.026s (~)0.527s51.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.649s (-1.1%)14.017s (~)0.368s51.01x
💻 LocalExpress13.797s (+3.2%)14.026s (~)0.229s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.912s (+0.7%)14.223s (+1.5%)0.310s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.408s (~)15.029s (~)0.621s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.453s (~)15.018s (~)0.565s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express23.175s (+10.3% 🔺)24.986s (+8.3% 🔺)1.811s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro24.384s (+19.5% 🔺)26.134s (+16.2% 🔺)1.750s31.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.658s (+11.9% 🔺)26.904s (+10.2% 🔺)2.245s31.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro11.955s (-3.6%)12.146s (-6.8% 🟢)0.191s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.174s (-5.9% 🟢)12.872s (-3.3%)0.698s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.387s (+5.9% 🔺)13.025s (+8.3% 🔺)0.638s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.708s (+1.4%)13.021s (~)0.313s71.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.764s (+0.5%)14.026s (~)0.262s71.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.809s (~)14.164s (+1.0%)0.355s71.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express34.843s (+8.6% 🔺)36.913s (+6.6% 🔺)2.070s31.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.971s (-1.0%)37.406s (~)2.435s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro35.627s (+12.0% 🔺)37.923s (+12.7% 🔺)2.296s31.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.172s (-7.5% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.182s (-1.8%)2.007s (~)0.825s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.195s (+4.7%)2.006s (~)0.811s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.215s (-2.9%)2.008s (~)0.793s151.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.289s (+1.0%)2.008s (~)0.718s151.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.363s (+2.9%)2.006s (~)0.643s151.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.755s (-3.2%)4.514s (-2.2%)1.759s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.897s (-13.3% 🟢)4.775s (-7.2% 🟢)1.878s71.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.148s (-31.7% 🟢)5.036s (-24.1% 🟢)1.888s61.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.449s (+7.3% 🔺)2.475s (+3.4%)1.026s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.496s (+6.1% 🔺)2.761s (+15.3% 🔺)1.264s121.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.586s (-8.3% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.419s151.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.689s (+5.9% 🔺)2.316s (+4.2%)0.626s131.17x
💻 LocalExpress1.701s (+16.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.304s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.851s (+12.9% 🔺)2.316s (+11.7% 🔺)0.464s131.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.325s (-6.4% 🟢)5.068s (-8.5% 🟢)1.742s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.770s (+2.9%)5.538s (+9.7% 🔺)1.768s61.13x
▲ VercelExpress3.835s (+23.1% 🔺)5.437s (+15.5% 🔺)1.602s61.15x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.718s (+6.1% 🔺)3.762s (-9.1% 🟢)2.044s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.756s (+11.4% 🔺)3.885s (~)2.129s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.293s (+4.0%)4.445s (+7.3% 🔺)1.152s71.92x
💻 LocalNitro3.787s (-19.8% 🟢)4.384s (-17.3% 🟢)0.598s82.20x
💻 LocalExpress4.515s (+66.2% 🔺)5.011s (+49.9% 🔺)0.497s62.63x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.048s (+26.1% 🔺)6.416s (+23.9% 🔺)0.368s53.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.175s (-15.8% 🟢)6.372s (-7.4% 🟢)2.198s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.379s (-16.1% 🟢)6.127s (-3.5%)1.747s51.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.873s (+0.9%)6.968s (+5.3% 🔺)2.095s51.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.157s (-4.1%)2.006s (~)0.849s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.229s (+2.4%)2.007s (~)0.778s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.285s (~)2.007s (~)0.721s151.11x
💻 LocalNitro1.342s (-10.8% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.663s151.16x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.402s (+0.8%)2.006s (~)0.604s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress1.532s (+22.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.474s151.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.232s (-22.3% 🟢)3.662s (-20.5% 🟢)1.430s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.275s (-6.7% 🟢)3.633s (+3.7%)1.359s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.460s (+0.9%)3.968s (-2.6%)1.509s81.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.270s (-8.6% 🟢)2.006s (-6.8% 🟢)0.736s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.451s (+6.3% 🔺)2.224s (-7.1% 🟢)0.773s141.14x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.480s (-0.5%)2.007s (~)0.527s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.685s (-19.0% 🟢)2.005s (-18.8% 🟢)0.320s151.33x
💻 LocalExpress2.031s (+27.8% 🔺)2.470s (+23.2% 🔺)0.439s131.60x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.059s (+0.5%)2.918s (+16.3% 🔺)0.859s111.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.909s (-44.4% 🟢)4.438s (-33.8% 🟢)1.529s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.121s (-12.0% 🟢)4.850s (-10.7% 🟢)1.729s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.208s (-3.9%)5.012s (-12.7% 🟢)1.804s61.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (-4.4%)3.455s (-13.9% 🟢)1.839s91.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.693s (-11.0% 🟢)4.143s (-3.7%)2.450s81.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.199s (+0.9%)5.014s (+2.9%)0.814s62.60x
💻 LocalNitro4.480s (-22.9% 🟢)5.016s (-24.2% 🟢)0.536s72.77x
💻 LocalExpress5.236s (+34.7% 🔺)5.681s (+33.3% 🔺)0.445s63.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.677s (+24.0% 🔺)7.217s (+23.4% 🔺)0.540s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.659s (-5.7% 🟢)5.712s (+4.5%)2.053s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.935s (-11.9% 🟢)5.860s (-9.5% 🟢)1.925s61.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.608s (-7.5% 🟢)6.777s (-1.1%)2.170s51.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.503s (-12.6% 🟢)1.024s (~)0.521s591.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.513s (-15.9% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.491s601.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.592s (+2.4%)1.007s (-1.6%)0.414s601.18x
💻 LocalExpress0.594s (+21.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.410s601.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.823s (~)1.006s (~)0.183s601.64x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.907s (~)1.076s (~)0.169s561.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.452s (-14.8% 🟢)7.026s (-11.1% 🟢)1.575s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.624s (+9.3% 🔺)7.459s (+9.2% 🔺)1.835s91.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.737s (+4.6%)7.898s (+6.5% 🔺)2.161s81.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.265s (-15.7% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.740s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.376s (+2.0%)2.007s (~)0.631s451.09x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.391s (+2.4%)2.101s (+4.7%)0.710s431.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.517s (+17.8% 🔺)2.028s (+2.2%)0.512s451.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.958s (+2.0%)2.227s (+6.0% 🔺)0.269s411.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.180s (+2.7%)3.008s (~)0.828s301.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.452s (-3.5%)16.665s (-1.8%)2.213s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.971s (-3.5%)17.347s (-1.5%)2.376s61.04x
▲ VercelNitro15.113s (+6.1% 🔺)16.984s (+9.1% 🔺)1.871s61.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.510s (-9.9% 🟢)3.222s (+1.9%)0.712s381.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.808s (+4.3%)3.111s (+1.7%)0.303s391.12x
💻 LocalNitro2.821s (-13.0% 🟢)3.109s (-22.4% 🟢)0.288s391.12x
💻 LocalExpress3.175s (+21.1% 🔺)3.912s (+25.8% 🔺)0.737s311.26x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.788s (-2.0%)4.009s (-3.3%)0.221s301.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.473s (+2.7%)5.011s (~)0.538s241.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.147s (+0.8%)27.937s (+1.0%)1.790s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress26.617s (-2.5%)28.981s (~)2.364s51.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)27.124s (-8.9% 🟢)29.042s (-8.6% 🟢)1.918s51.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.214s (-15.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.793s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.258s (+3.0%)1.006s (~)0.748s601.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.294s (~)1.006s (~)0.712s601.37x
💻 LocalNitro0.366s (-20.3% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.638s601.71x
💻 LocalExpress0.417s (+20.5% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.587s601.94x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-8.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.491s602.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.025s (-17.6% 🟢)3.559s (-11.1% 🟢)1.534s171.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-9.8% 🟢)4.083s (~)2.007s161.03x
▲ VercelExpress2.238s (-12.2% 🟢)4.065s (-5.3% 🟢)1.827s151.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.338s (-17.3% 🟢)1.008s (-3.1%)0.670s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.423s (+6.7% 🔺)1.029s (+2.2%)0.606s881.25x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)1.191s (+7.9% 🔺)0.585s761.79x
💻 LocalNitro1.912s (-14.9% 🟢)2.403s (-12.2% 🟢)0.490s385.65x
💻 LocalExpress2.127s (+40.6% 🔺)2.714s (+30.8% 🔺)0.588s346.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s (+11.6% 🔺)3.332s (+8.3% 🔺)0.673s287.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.663s (-30.0% 🟢)4.422s (-19.0% 🟢)1.760s211.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.896s (-23.4% 🟢)4.640s (-12.5% 🟢)1.744s201.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-19.9% 🟢)4.741s (-18.4% 🟢)1.700s191.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.755s (-7.3% 🟢)1.260s (-7.1% 🟢)0.505s961.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.823s (+3.1%)1.403s (+4.7%)0.580s861.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.822s (+6.5% 🔺)3.795s (+4.0%)0.974s323.74x
💻 LocalNitro8.184s (-13.8% 🟢)8.881s (-12.2% 🟢)0.697s1410.85x
💻 LocalExpress9.501s (+39.0% 🔺)10.111s (+34.5% 🔺)0.611s1212.59x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)11.106s (+1.0%)12.233s (+1.7%)1.127s1014.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro6.118s (-12.0% 🟢)7.698s (-9.1% 🟢)1.580s161.00x
▲ VercelExpress6.523s (-22.2% 🟢)8.410s (-16.9% 🟢)1.887s151.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.696s (-5.9% 🟢)9.626s (-4.8%)1.930s131.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.145s (-1.8%)2.004s (~)0.008s (-23.1% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.870s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (+3.9%)2.005s (~)0.010s (+78.6% 🔺)2.017s (~)0.861s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.185s (+1.1%)1.997s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.012s (~)0.827s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.212s (~)2.005s (~)0.013s (+33.7% 🔺)2.022s (~)0.810s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.226s (-2.4%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.783s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.240s (+5.0%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-61.5% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.768s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.320s (+4.8%)3.693s (+11.2% 🔺)0.729s (-39.8% 🟢)4.902s (-2.9%)2.583s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.480s (+11.9% 🔺)3.389s (-3.2%)1.169s (+5.9% 🔺)5.023s (~)2.543s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.490s (+12.8% 🔺)3.626s (-1.1%)1.017s (~)5.192s (~)2.702s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.476s (-6.9% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.009s (-26.7% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.544s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (+11.1% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.013s (+36.9% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.458s301.06x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.598s (~)2.003s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.428s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.673s (+4.2%)2.071s (+3.1%)0.004s (-21.3% 🟢)2.093s (+3.3%)0.420s291.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.762s (+2.4%)2.009s (~)0.014s (+22.1% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.264s301.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.777s (~)2.011s (~)0.005s (+45.0% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.248s301.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.823s (-13.3% 🟢)7.325s (-10.2% 🟢)0.176s (-9.5% 🟢)8.076s (-8.6% 🟢)2.253s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.990s (-0.8%)7.361s (+5.1% 🔺)0.163s (-17.9% 🟢)8.017s (+5.1% 🔺)2.027s81.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.003s (-5.6% 🟢)7.350s (-9.0% 🟢)0.297s (-7.5% 🟢)8.177s (-8.3% 🟢)2.173s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.792s (-2.5%)1.046s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.060s (-1.4%)0.268s571.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.880s (+8.9% 🔺)1.275s (+20.5% 🔺)0.000s (-70.2% 🟢)1.287s (+19.2% 🔺)0.407s471.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.026s (+5.4% 🔺)1.525s (+10.0% 🔺)0.000s (+65.0% 🔺)1.533s (+9.9% 🔺)0.506s401.30x
💻 LocalNitro1.222s (-15.4% 🟢)1.947s (-3.3%)0.000s (-35.5% 🟢)1.949s (-3.3%)0.727s311.54x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (+31.2% 🔺)2.013s (+14.8% 🔺)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)2.016s (+14.8% 🔺)0.621s301.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.472s (-3.2%)2.012s (~)0.000s (-14.3% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.543s301.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.724s (-16.1% 🟢)4.127s (-8.8% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)4.609s (-7.8% 🟢)1.885s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.788s (~)4.050s (+1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.603s (+5.2% 🔺)1.815s141.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.906s (-7.8% 🟢)4.559s (-3.2%)0.001s (+750.0% 🔺)5.046s (-2.9%)2.139s121.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.597s (~)2.133s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.163s (~)0.566s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.860s (+15.2% 🔺)2.372s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.408s (+11.8% 🔺)0.548s251.17x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.272s (+2.6%)2.697s (-1.2%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.746s (~)0.474s231.42x
💻 LocalNitro2.594s (-19.2% 🟢)3.022s (-22.6% 🟢)0.000s (-78.7% 🟢)3.024s (-22.6% 🟢)0.430s201.62x
💻 LocalExpress2.954s (+39.7% 🔺)3.669s (+43.4% 🔺)0.001s (+61.3% 🔺)3.677s (+43.4% 🔺)0.723s171.85x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-0.7%)3.614s (+1.9%)0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)3.618s (+1.7%)0.577s171.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.253s (-9.0% 🟢)5.863s (+3.5%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.454s (+6.2% 🔺)2.200s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.487s (-1.3%)5.931s (-2.4%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.593s (+0.9%)2.105s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.614s (-6.4% 🟢)6.400s (+0.9%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.992s (+2.5%)2.378s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro21/21
🐘 PostgresExpress14/21
▲ VercelExpress10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres11/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production143102191650
✅ 💻 Local Development188102192100
✅ 📦 Local Production188102192100
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres186702332100
✅ 🪟 Windows15000150
✅ 📋 Other87201781050
Total8082010689150

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro124026
✅ example124026
✅ express124026
✅ fastify124026
✅ hono124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack14802
✅ nextjs-webpack14802
✅ nitro124026
✅ nuxt124026
✅ sveltekit14307
✅ vite124026
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable124026
✅ express-stable124026
✅ fastify-stable124026
✅ hono-stable124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nitro-stable124026
✅ nuxt-stable124026
✅ sveltekit-stable14307
✅ vite-stable124026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15000
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable124026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-124026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start124026

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Pull request overview

Adds new end-to-end coverage for the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies built on hook.getConflict(), including “claim-only mutex”, “adopt owner result”, “signal owner”, “supersede owner”, and a route-side resume-or-start retry pattern.

Changes:

  • Add four new workflow fixtures demonstrating conflict-handling strategies (hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow, hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow, hookSignalOwnerWorkflow, hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow).
  • Add five new e2e tests that exercise those strategies against the runtime (including event-level assertions and route-side retry behavior).
  • Wire default arguments for the new workflows into the workbench, and add a Changeset entry.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

FileDescription
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/app/workflows/definitions.tsAdds default args for the new e2e strategy workflows so they can be triggered from the workbench.
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsIntroduces new workflow fixtures implementing the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds e2e tests covering each strategy plus the resume-or-start retry flow.
.changeset/idempotency-strategy-e2e.mdAdds a Changeset entry describing the new e2e coverage.

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Comment threadpackages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +2077 to +2079
// The superseded owner ends up cancelled.
const { json: run1Data } = await cliInspectJson(`runs ${run1.runId}`);
expect(run1Data.status).toBe('cancelled');

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Fixed in 2e9d000: the test now awaits run1.returnValue and asserts WorkflowRunCancelledError.is(error) (matching the existing cancellation tests), alongside the status check. Note returnValue is a lazy getter so no pending promise existed before — but asserting the rejection both strengthens the test and guarantees nothing can leak if that changes.

… conflict
On slow runtimes the duplicate's first invocation could land after the
owner completed and released the token, making the duplicate a fresh
owner that waits forever for a payload (90s timeout across CI matrices).
Poll the duplicate's event log for hook_conflict before resuming the
owner, and widen the test timeout for the added gate budget.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edged in esbuild hang)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The 2e9d000 deployment's next build crashed in an esbuild hang but its
task (70724907c9dd3a29) was recorded into the turbo remote cache anyway,
so every subsequent build with the same input hash replays the broken
artifact (missing routes-manifest). Change a build input to force a
fresh execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Approve — the documented strategies now have teeth

Test-only PR closing the docs↔coverage gap: every conflict-handling strategy from the run-idempotency docs now has an e2e test proving it end-to-end. I ran the full hook suite (25 tests) plus the resume-or-start test against a local nextjs-turbopack dev server — all pass.

What's notably good:

  • The race-fix commit shows real understanding of the timing semantics. The adopt-owner-result test gates the owner's completion on run2 having observed the hook_conflict event — without it, a slow first invocation of run2 could land after the owner released the token, turning run2 into a fresh owner waiting forever. And the signal-owner test correctly omits that gate, because there the owner can only complete via the duplicate's forward — the dependency itself serializes the race. Gate where needed, not everywhere.
  • The claim-only mutex test asserts the negative: zero hook_received events on the owner — pinning "hooks as a pure run mutex" as a supported pattern rather than an accident, plus the full lifecycle (hold → duplicate identifies owner → release on completion → clean reclaim by a third run) with a poll-based release wait instead of a fixed sleep.
  • The supersede test handles the unhandled-rejection trap: run1.returnValue.catch(...) + WorkflowRunCancelledError.is() assertion both verifies the cancellation semantics and prevents the rejected promise from leaking out of the test — and double-checks via CLI inspect. The reclaim assertion (waitForHook filtered by run2.runId) correctly handles the disposal-propagation window.
  • The resume-or-start test exercises the documented route pattern directly — including the pre-start HookNotFoundError assertion, with a more forgiving retry budget (30s/250ms) than the docs' inline example.
  • Workflows live once in workbench/example and reach other workbenches via symlink, per convention; definitions.ts updated; empty changeset is right for test-only changes.

One process note for other reviewers: a two-dot diff against current main appears to delete #2385's reserved-attributes e2e test — that's the usual branch-point artifact (#2385 merged after this branch was cut), not a real deletion. The three-dot diff is purely additive (378+/0−) and the merge with current main is clean.

CI fully green. LGTM.

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2402. (backport job run)

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies - #2387

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies#2387
pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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Summary

Adds e2e coverage for the run-idempotency patterns and conflict-handling strategies documented in #2011 (built on hook.getConflict() from #2373). Before this, e2e coverage proved claim-without-payload and conflict detection, but none of the documented strategies — and the purest use case (hooks purely as a run mutex, never carrying data) had no owner-side coverage.

New tests (packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts + workflows in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts)

  • hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow — pure run mutex. The owner claims the token via getConflict(), holds it through a slow step, and never awaits payload data (asserted via zero hook_received events). A duplicate started during the hold identifies the owner; after the owner completes, the token is released and a third run claims it cleanly.
  • hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow — adopt the owner's result. The duplicate awaits conflict.returnValue and returns the owner's exact result, proving callers can't tell which run did the work.
  • hookSignalOwnerWorkflow — signal the owner. The duplicate forwards its own input into the owner's hook via resumeHook() from a step; the owner completes with the forwarded payload.
  • hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow — newest-wins. The duplicate cancels the owner via conflict.cancel() and reclaims the released token through the documented retry loop; asserts the owner ends cancelled and the new owner receives payloads on the reclaimed token.
  • Resume-or-start route pattern. Exercises the documented route-side flow directly from the test: resumeHook fails with HookNotFoundError before any run exists, then start() + retried resume reaches the started run without dropping the payload.

Validation

  • cd workbench/example && pnpm build (workflows compile through the SWC plugin)
  • Full hook e2e suite against local nextjs-turbopack dev server: 25 tests pass, including all 5 new ones

Changeset: patch for workflow/@workflow/core (test-only; rides along on the next bump).

Covers the patterns documented in foundations/idempotency:
- claim-only hook mutex: token claimed and held with no payload data,
duplicate identifies the owner, token released after completion
- adopt the owner's result via conflict.returnValue
- signal the owner: duplicate forwards its payload via resumeHook
- supersede: duplicate cancels the owner and reclaims the token
- route-side resume-or-start retry pattern reaching the started run
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings June 12, 2026 21:30
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerJune 12, 2026 21:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0237347

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.036s (-10.2% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.969s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.041s (+50.5% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.965s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.048s (-15.5% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.963s101.31x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s (+1.0%)1.007s (~)0.946s101.69x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-1.8%)1.013s (~)0.947s101.81x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.067s (-2.1%)1.012s (~)0.945s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.308s (+11.5% 🔺)2.339s (-19.3% 🟢)2.031s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.345s (+19.0% 🔺)2.153s (-3.7%)1.808s101.12x
▲ VercelExpress0.361s (+21.3% 🔺)2.309s (-6.0% 🟢)1.948s101.17x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.074s (-1.7%)2.005s (~)0.931s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.090s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.916s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.119s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.891s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.140s (+0.6%)2.007s (~)0.867s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.143s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.866s101.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.163s (+4.8%)2.008s (~)0.845s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.622s (~)3.642s (-2.2%)2.021s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.730s (+7.3% 🔺)3.407s (+1.3%)1.677s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.774s (+10.5% 🔺)3.631s (-4.2%)1.857s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.413s (-1.3%)11.020s (~)0.607s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.515s (+1.3%)11.022s (~)0.507s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.618s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.406s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.665s (+1.1%)11.017s (~)0.352s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.798s (~)11.017s (~)0.220s31.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.823s (~)11.023s (~)0.200s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.885s (+3.0%)15.740s (+4.0%)1.855s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress14.582s (+6.8% 🔺)16.295s (+5.3% 🔺)1.713s21.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.806s (+4.2%)16.697s (+0.6%)1.891s21.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro13.499s (-1.9%)14.026s (~)0.527s51.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.649s (-1.1%)14.017s (~)0.368s51.01x
💻 LocalExpress13.797s (+3.2%)14.026s (~)0.229s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.912s (+0.7%)14.223s (+1.5%)0.310s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.408s (~)15.029s (~)0.621s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.453s (~)15.018s (~)0.565s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express23.175s (+10.3% 🔺)24.986s (+8.3% 🔺)1.811s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro24.384s (+19.5% 🔺)26.134s (+16.2% 🔺)1.750s31.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.658s (+11.9% 🔺)26.904s (+10.2% 🔺)2.245s31.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro11.955s (-3.6%)12.146s (-6.8% 🟢)0.191s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.174s (-5.9% 🟢)12.872s (-3.3%)0.698s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.387s (+5.9% 🔺)13.025s (+8.3% 🔺)0.638s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.708s (+1.4%)13.021s (~)0.313s71.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.764s (+0.5%)14.026s (~)0.262s71.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.809s (~)14.164s (+1.0%)0.355s71.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express34.843s (+8.6% 🔺)36.913s (+6.6% 🔺)2.070s31.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.971s (-1.0%)37.406s (~)2.435s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro35.627s (+12.0% 🔺)37.923s (+12.7% 🔺)2.296s31.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.172s (-7.5% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.182s (-1.8%)2.007s (~)0.825s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.195s (+4.7%)2.006s (~)0.811s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.215s (-2.9%)2.008s (~)0.793s151.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.289s (+1.0%)2.008s (~)0.718s151.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.363s (+2.9%)2.006s (~)0.643s151.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.755s (-3.2%)4.514s (-2.2%)1.759s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.897s (-13.3% 🟢)4.775s (-7.2% 🟢)1.878s71.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.148s (-31.7% 🟢)5.036s (-24.1% 🟢)1.888s61.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.449s (+7.3% 🔺)2.475s (+3.4%)1.026s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.496s (+6.1% 🔺)2.761s (+15.3% 🔺)1.264s121.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.586s (-8.3% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.419s151.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.689s (+5.9% 🔺)2.316s (+4.2%)0.626s131.17x
💻 LocalExpress1.701s (+16.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.304s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.851s (+12.9% 🔺)2.316s (+11.7% 🔺)0.464s131.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.325s (-6.4% 🟢)5.068s (-8.5% 🟢)1.742s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.770s (+2.9%)5.538s (+9.7% 🔺)1.768s61.13x
▲ VercelExpress3.835s (+23.1% 🔺)5.437s (+15.5% 🔺)1.602s61.15x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.718s (+6.1% 🔺)3.762s (-9.1% 🟢)2.044s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.756s (+11.4% 🔺)3.885s (~)2.129s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.293s (+4.0%)4.445s (+7.3% 🔺)1.152s71.92x
💻 LocalNitro3.787s (-19.8% 🟢)4.384s (-17.3% 🟢)0.598s82.20x
💻 LocalExpress4.515s (+66.2% 🔺)5.011s (+49.9% 🔺)0.497s62.63x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.048s (+26.1% 🔺)6.416s (+23.9% 🔺)0.368s53.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.175s (-15.8% 🟢)6.372s (-7.4% 🟢)2.198s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.379s (-16.1% 🟢)6.127s (-3.5%)1.747s51.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.873s (+0.9%)6.968s (+5.3% 🔺)2.095s51.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.157s (-4.1%)2.006s (~)0.849s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.229s (+2.4%)2.007s (~)0.778s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.285s (~)2.007s (~)0.721s151.11x
💻 LocalNitro1.342s (-10.8% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.663s151.16x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.402s (+0.8%)2.006s (~)0.604s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress1.532s (+22.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.474s151.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.232s (-22.3% 🟢)3.662s (-20.5% 🟢)1.430s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.275s (-6.7% 🟢)3.633s (+3.7%)1.359s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.460s (+0.9%)3.968s (-2.6%)1.509s81.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.270s (-8.6% 🟢)2.006s (-6.8% 🟢)0.736s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.451s (+6.3% 🔺)2.224s (-7.1% 🟢)0.773s141.14x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.480s (-0.5%)2.007s (~)0.527s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.685s (-19.0% 🟢)2.005s (-18.8% 🟢)0.320s151.33x
💻 LocalExpress2.031s (+27.8% 🔺)2.470s (+23.2% 🔺)0.439s131.60x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.059s (+0.5%)2.918s (+16.3% 🔺)0.859s111.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.909s (-44.4% 🟢)4.438s (-33.8% 🟢)1.529s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.121s (-12.0% 🟢)4.850s (-10.7% 🟢)1.729s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.208s (-3.9%)5.012s (-12.7% 🟢)1.804s61.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (-4.4%)3.455s (-13.9% 🟢)1.839s91.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.693s (-11.0% 🟢)4.143s (-3.7%)2.450s81.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.199s (+0.9%)5.014s (+2.9%)0.814s62.60x
💻 LocalNitro4.480s (-22.9% 🟢)5.016s (-24.2% 🟢)0.536s72.77x
💻 LocalExpress5.236s (+34.7% 🔺)5.681s (+33.3% 🔺)0.445s63.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.677s (+24.0% 🔺)7.217s (+23.4% 🔺)0.540s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.659s (-5.7% 🟢)5.712s (+4.5%)2.053s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.935s (-11.9% 🟢)5.860s (-9.5% 🟢)1.925s61.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.608s (-7.5% 🟢)6.777s (-1.1%)2.170s51.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.503s (-12.6% 🟢)1.024s (~)0.521s591.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.513s (-15.9% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.491s601.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.592s (+2.4%)1.007s (-1.6%)0.414s601.18x
💻 LocalExpress0.594s (+21.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.410s601.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.823s (~)1.006s (~)0.183s601.64x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.907s (~)1.076s (~)0.169s561.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.452s (-14.8% 🟢)7.026s (-11.1% 🟢)1.575s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.624s (+9.3% 🔺)7.459s (+9.2% 🔺)1.835s91.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.737s (+4.6%)7.898s (+6.5% 🔺)2.161s81.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.265s (-15.7% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.740s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.376s (+2.0%)2.007s (~)0.631s451.09x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.391s (+2.4%)2.101s (+4.7%)0.710s431.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.517s (+17.8% 🔺)2.028s (+2.2%)0.512s451.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.958s (+2.0%)2.227s (+6.0% 🔺)0.269s411.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.180s (+2.7%)3.008s (~)0.828s301.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.452s (-3.5%)16.665s (-1.8%)2.213s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.971s (-3.5%)17.347s (-1.5%)2.376s61.04x
▲ VercelNitro15.113s (+6.1% 🔺)16.984s (+9.1% 🔺)1.871s61.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.510s (-9.9% 🟢)3.222s (+1.9%)0.712s381.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.808s (+4.3%)3.111s (+1.7%)0.303s391.12x
💻 LocalNitro2.821s (-13.0% 🟢)3.109s (-22.4% 🟢)0.288s391.12x
💻 LocalExpress3.175s (+21.1% 🔺)3.912s (+25.8% 🔺)0.737s311.26x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.788s (-2.0%)4.009s (-3.3%)0.221s301.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.473s (+2.7%)5.011s (~)0.538s241.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.147s (+0.8%)27.937s (+1.0%)1.790s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress26.617s (-2.5%)28.981s (~)2.364s51.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)27.124s (-8.9% 🟢)29.042s (-8.6% 🟢)1.918s51.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.214s (-15.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.793s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.258s (+3.0%)1.006s (~)0.748s601.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.294s (~)1.006s (~)0.712s601.37x
💻 LocalNitro0.366s (-20.3% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.638s601.71x
💻 LocalExpress0.417s (+20.5% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.587s601.94x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-8.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.491s602.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.025s (-17.6% 🟢)3.559s (-11.1% 🟢)1.534s171.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-9.8% 🟢)4.083s (~)2.007s161.03x
▲ VercelExpress2.238s (-12.2% 🟢)4.065s (-5.3% 🟢)1.827s151.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.338s (-17.3% 🟢)1.008s (-3.1%)0.670s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.423s (+6.7% 🔺)1.029s (+2.2%)0.606s881.25x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)1.191s (+7.9% 🔺)0.585s761.79x
💻 LocalNitro1.912s (-14.9% 🟢)2.403s (-12.2% 🟢)0.490s385.65x
💻 LocalExpress2.127s (+40.6% 🔺)2.714s (+30.8% 🔺)0.588s346.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s (+11.6% 🔺)3.332s (+8.3% 🔺)0.673s287.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.663s (-30.0% 🟢)4.422s (-19.0% 🟢)1.760s211.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.896s (-23.4% 🟢)4.640s (-12.5% 🟢)1.744s201.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-19.9% 🟢)4.741s (-18.4% 🟢)1.700s191.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.755s (-7.3% 🟢)1.260s (-7.1% 🟢)0.505s961.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.823s (+3.1%)1.403s (+4.7%)0.580s861.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.822s (+6.5% 🔺)3.795s (+4.0%)0.974s323.74x
💻 LocalNitro8.184s (-13.8% 🟢)8.881s (-12.2% 🟢)0.697s1410.85x
💻 LocalExpress9.501s (+39.0% 🔺)10.111s (+34.5% 🔺)0.611s1212.59x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)11.106s (+1.0%)12.233s (+1.7%)1.127s1014.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro6.118s (-12.0% 🟢)7.698s (-9.1% 🟢)1.580s161.00x
▲ VercelExpress6.523s (-22.2% 🟢)8.410s (-16.9% 🟢)1.887s151.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.696s (-5.9% 🟢)9.626s (-4.8%)1.930s131.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.145s (-1.8%)2.004s (~)0.008s (-23.1% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.870s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (+3.9%)2.005s (~)0.010s (+78.6% 🔺)2.017s (~)0.861s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.185s (+1.1%)1.997s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.012s (~)0.827s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.212s (~)2.005s (~)0.013s (+33.7% 🔺)2.022s (~)0.810s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.226s (-2.4%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.783s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.240s (+5.0%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-61.5% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.768s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.320s (+4.8%)3.693s (+11.2% 🔺)0.729s (-39.8% 🟢)4.902s (-2.9%)2.583s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.480s (+11.9% 🔺)3.389s (-3.2%)1.169s (+5.9% 🔺)5.023s (~)2.543s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.490s (+12.8% 🔺)3.626s (-1.1%)1.017s (~)5.192s (~)2.702s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.476s (-6.9% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.009s (-26.7% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.544s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (+11.1% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.013s (+36.9% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.458s301.06x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.598s (~)2.003s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.428s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.673s (+4.2%)2.071s (+3.1%)0.004s (-21.3% 🟢)2.093s (+3.3%)0.420s291.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.762s (+2.4%)2.009s (~)0.014s (+22.1% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.264s301.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.777s (~)2.011s (~)0.005s (+45.0% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.248s301.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.823s (-13.3% 🟢)7.325s (-10.2% 🟢)0.176s (-9.5% 🟢)8.076s (-8.6% 🟢)2.253s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.990s (-0.8%)7.361s (+5.1% 🔺)0.163s (-17.9% 🟢)8.017s (+5.1% 🔺)2.027s81.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.003s (-5.6% 🟢)7.350s (-9.0% 🟢)0.297s (-7.5% 🟢)8.177s (-8.3% 🟢)2.173s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.792s (-2.5%)1.046s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.060s (-1.4%)0.268s571.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.880s (+8.9% 🔺)1.275s (+20.5% 🔺)0.000s (-70.2% 🟢)1.287s (+19.2% 🔺)0.407s471.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.026s (+5.4% 🔺)1.525s (+10.0% 🔺)0.000s (+65.0% 🔺)1.533s (+9.9% 🔺)0.506s401.30x
💻 LocalNitro1.222s (-15.4% 🟢)1.947s (-3.3%)0.000s (-35.5% 🟢)1.949s (-3.3%)0.727s311.54x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (+31.2% 🔺)2.013s (+14.8% 🔺)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)2.016s (+14.8% 🔺)0.621s301.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.472s (-3.2%)2.012s (~)0.000s (-14.3% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.543s301.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.724s (-16.1% 🟢)4.127s (-8.8% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)4.609s (-7.8% 🟢)1.885s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.788s (~)4.050s (+1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.603s (+5.2% 🔺)1.815s141.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.906s (-7.8% 🟢)4.559s (-3.2%)0.001s (+750.0% 🔺)5.046s (-2.9%)2.139s121.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.597s (~)2.133s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.163s (~)0.566s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.860s (+15.2% 🔺)2.372s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.408s (+11.8% 🔺)0.548s251.17x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.272s (+2.6%)2.697s (-1.2%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.746s (~)0.474s231.42x
💻 LocalNitro2.594s (-19.2% 🟢)3.022s (-22.6% 🟢)0.000s (-78.7% 🟢)3.024s (-22.6% 🟢)0.430s201.62x
💻 LocalExpress2.954s (+39.7% 🔺)3.669s (+43.4% 🔺)0.001s (+61.3% 🔺)3.677s (+43.4% 🔺)0.723s171.85x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-0.7%)3.614s (+1.9%)0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)3.618s (+1.7%)0.577s171.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.253s (-9.0% 🟢)5.863s (+3.5%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.454s (+6.2% 🔺)2.200s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.487s (-1.3%)5.931s (-2.4%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.593s (+0.9%)2.105s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.614s (-6.4% 🟢)6.400s (+0.9%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.992s (+2.5%)2.378s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro21/21
🐘 PostgresExpress14/21
▲ VercelExpress10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres11/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production143102191650
✅ 💻 Local Development188102192100
✅ 📦 Local Production188102192100
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres186702332100
✅ 🪟 Windows15000150
✅ 📋 Other87201781050
Total8082010689150

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro124026
✅ example124026
✅ express124026
✅ fastify124026
✅ hono124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack14802
✅ nextjs-webpack14802
✅ nitro124026
✅ nuxt124026
✅ sveltekit14307
✅ vite124026
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable124026
✅ express-stable124026
✅ fastify-stable124026
✅ hono-stable124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nitro-stable124026
✅ nuxt-stable124026
✅ sveltekit-stable14307
✅ vite-stable124026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15000
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable124026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-124026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start124026

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Pull request overview

Adds new end-to-end coverage for the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies built on hook.getConflict(), including “claim-only mutex”, “adopt owner result”, “signal owner”, “supersede owner”, and a route-side resume-or-start retry pattern.

Changes:

  • Add four new workflow fixtures demonstrating conflict-handling strategies (hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow, hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow, hookSignalOwnerWorkflow, hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow).
  • Add five new e2e tests that exercise those strategies against the runtime (including event-level assertions and route-side retry behavior).
  • Wire default arguments for the new workflows into the workbench, and add a Changeset entry.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

FileDescription
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/app/workflows/definitions.tsAdds default args for the new e2e strategy workflows so they can be triggered from the workbench.
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsIntroduces new workflow fixtures implementing the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds e2e tests covering each strategy plus the resume-or-start retry flow.
.changeset/idempotency-strategy-e2e.mdAdds a Changeset entry describing the new e2e coverage.

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Comment threadpackages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +2077 to +2079
// The superseded owner ends up cancelled.
const { json: run1Data } = await cliInspectJson(`runs ${run1.runId}`);
expect(run1Data.status).toBe('cancelled');

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Fixed in 2e9d000: the test now awaits run1.returnValue and asserts WorkflowRunCancelledError.is(error) (matching the existing cancellation tests), alongside the status check. Note returnValue is a lazy getter so no pending promise existed before — but asserting the rejection both strengthens the test and guarantees nothing can leak if that changes.

… conflict
On slow runtimes the duplicate's first invocation could land after the
owner completed and released the token, making the duplicate a fresh
owner that waits forever for a payload (90s timeout across CI matrices).
Poll the duplicate's event log for hook_conflict before resuming the
owner, and widen the test timeout for the added gate budget.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edged in esbuild hang)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The 2e9d000 deployment's next build crashed in an esbuild hang but its
task (70724907c9dd3a29) was recorded into the turbo remote cache anyway,
so every subsequent build with the same input hash replays the broken
artifact (missing routes-manifest). Change a build input to force a
fresh execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Approve — the documented strategies now have teeth

Test-only PR closing the docs↔coverage gap: every conflict-handling strategy from the run-idempotency docs now has an e2e test proving it end-to-end. I ran the full hook suite (25 tests) plus the resume-or-start test against a local nextjs-turbopack dev server — all pass.

What's notably good:

  • The race-fix commit shows real understanding of the timing semantics. The adopt-owner-result test gates the owner's completion on run2 having observed the hook_conflict event — without it, a slow first invocation of run2 could land after the owner released the token, turning run2 into a fresh owner waiting forever. And the signal-owner test correctly omits that gate, because there the owner can only complete via the duplicate's forward — the dependency itself serializes the race. Gate where needed, not everywhere.
  • The claim-only mutex test asserts the negative: zero hook_received events on the owner — pinning "hooks as a pure run mutex" as a supported pattern rather than an accident, plus the full lifecycle (hold → duplicate identifies owner → release on completion → clean reclaim by a third run) with a poll-based release wait instead of a fixed sleep.
  • The supersede test handles the unhandled-rejection trap: run1.returnValue.catch(...) + WorkflowRunCancelledError.is() assertion both verifies the cancellation semantics and prevents the rejected promise from leaking out of the test — and double-checks via CLI inspect. The reclaim assertion (waitForHook filtered by run2.runId) correctly handles the disposal-propagation window.
  • The resume-or-start test exercises the documented route pattern directly — including the pre-start HookNotFoundError assertion, with a more forgiving retry budget (30s/250ms) than the docs' inline example.
  • Workflows live once in workbench/example and reach other workbenches via symlink, per convention; definitions.ts updated; empty changeset is right for test-only changes.

One process note for other reviewers: a two-dot diff against current main appears to delete #2385's reserved-attributes e2e test — that's the usual branch-point artifact (#2385 merged after this branch was cut), not a real deletion. The three-dot diff is purely additive (378+/0−) and the merge with current main is clean.

CI fully green. LGTM.

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2402. (backport job run)

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies - #2387

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test: e2e coverage for run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies#2387
pranaygp merged 5 commits into
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Summary

Adds e2e coverage for the run-idempotency patterns and conflict-handling strategies documented in #2011 (built on hook.getConflict() from #2373). Before this, e2e coverage proved claim-without-payload and conflict detection, but none of the documented strategies — and the purest use case (hooks purely as a run mutex, never carrying data) had no owner-side coverage.

New tests (packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts + workflows in workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.ts)

  • hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow — pure run mutex. The owner claims the token via getConflict(), holds it through a slow step, and never awaits payload data (asserted via zero hook_received events). A duplicate started during the hold identifies the owner; after the owner completes, the token is released and a third run claims it cleanly.
  • hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow — adopt the owner's result. The duplicate awaits conflict.returnValue and returns the owner's exact result, proving callers can't tell which run did the work.
  • hookSignalOwnerWorkflow — signal the owner. The duplicate forwards its own input into the owner's hook via resumeHook() from a step; the owner completes with the forwarded payload.
  • hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow — newest-wins. The duplicate cancels the owner via conflict.cancel() and reclaims the released token through the documented retry loop; asserts the owner ends cancelled and the new owner receives payloads on the reclaimed token.
  • Resume-or-start route pattern. Exercises the documented route-side flow directly from the test: resumeHook fails with HookNotFoundError before any run exists, then start() + retried resume reaches the started run without dropping the payload.

Validation

  • cd workbench/example && pnpm build (workflows compile through the SWC plugin)
  • Full hook e2e suite against local nextjs-turbopack dev server: 25 tests pass, including all 5 new ones

Changeset: patch for workflow/@workflow/core (test-only; rides along on the next bump).

Covers the patterns documented in foundations/idempotency:
- claim-only hook mutex: token claimed and held with no payload data,
duplicate identifies the owner, token released after completion
- adopt the owner's result via conflict.returnValue
- signal the owner: duplicate forwards its payload via resumeHook
- supersede: duplicate cancels the owner and reclaims the token
- route-side resume-or-start retry pattern reaching the started run
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
CopilotAI review requested due to automatic review settings June 12, 2026 21:30
@pranaygp
pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code ownerJune 12, 2026 21:30
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0237347

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.036s (-10.2% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.969s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.041s (+50.5% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.965s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.048s (-15.5% 🟢)1.011s (~)0.963s101.31x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.061s (+1.0%)1.007s (~)0.946s101.69x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-1.8%)1.013s (~)0.947s101.81x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.067s (-2.1%)1.012s (~)0.945s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.308s (+11.5% 🔺)2.339s (-19.3% 🟢)2.031s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.345s (+19.0% 🔺)2.153s (-3.7%)1.808s101.12x
▲ VercelExpress0.361s (+21.3% 🔺)2.309s (-6.0% 🟢)1.948s101.17x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.074s (-1.7%)2.005s (~)0.931s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.090s (+2.6%)2.007s (~)0.916s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.119s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.891s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.140s (+0.6%)2.007s (~)0.867s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.143s (+0.6%)2.009s (~)0.866s101.06x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.163s (+4.8%)2.008s (~)0.845s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.622s (~)3.642s (-2.2%)2.021s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.730s (+7.3% 🔺)3.407s (+1.3%)1.677s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)1.774s (+10.5% 🔺)3.631s (-4.2%)1.857s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.413s (-1.3%)11.020s (~)0.607s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.515s (+1.3%)11.022s (~)0.507s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.618s (+0.7%)11.024s (~)0.406s31.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.665s (+1.1%)11.017s (~)0.352s31.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.798s (~)11.017s (~)0.220s31.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.823s (~)11.023s (~)0.200s31.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro13.885s (+3.0%)15.740s (+4.0%)1.855s21.00x
▲ VercelExpress14.582s (+6.8% 🔺)16.295s (+5.3% 🔺)1.713s21.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.806s (+4.2%)16.697s (+0.6%)1.891s21.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro13.499s (-1.9%)14.026s (~)0.527s51.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.649s (-1.1%)14.017s (~)0.368s51.01x
💻 LocalExpress13.797s (+3.2%)14.026s (~)0.229s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.912s (+0.7%)14.223s (+1.5%)0.310s51.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)14.408s (~)15.029s (~)0.621s41.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14.453s (~)15.018s (~)0.565s41.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express23.175s (+10.3% 🔺)24.986s (+8.3% 🔺)1.811s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro24.384s (+19.5% 🔺)26.134s (+16.2% 🔺)1.750s31.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.658s (+11.9% 🔺)26.904s (+10.2% 🔺)2.245s31.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro11.955s (-3.6%)12.146s (-6.8% 🟢)0.191s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.174s (-5.9% 🟢)12.872s (-3.3%)0.698s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.387s (+5.9% 🔺)13.025s (+8.3% 🔺)0.638s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.708s (+1.4%)13.021s (~)0.313s71.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.764s (+0.5%)14.026s (~)0.262s71.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.809s (~)14.164s (+1.0%)0.355s71.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express34.843s (+8.6% 🔺)36.913s (+6.6% 🔺)2.070s31.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)34.971s (-1.0%)37.406s (~)2.435s31.00x
▲ VercelNitro35.627s (+12.0% 🔺)37.923s (+12.7% 🔺)2.296s31.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.172s (-7.5% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.182s (-1.8%)2.007s (~)0.825s151.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.195s (+4.7%)2.006s (~)0.811s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.215s (-2.9%)2.008s (~)0.793s151.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.289s (+1.0%)2.008s (~)0.718s151.10x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.363s (+2.9%)2.006s (~)0.643s151.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.755s (-3.2%)4.514s (-2.2%)1.759s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.897s (-13.3% 🟢)4.775s (-7.2% 🟢)1.878s71.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.148s (-31.7% 🟢)5.036s (-24.1% 🟢)1.888s61.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.449s (+7.3% 🔺)2.475s (+3.4%)1.026s131.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.496s (+6.1% 🔺)2.761s (+15.3% 🔺)1.264s121.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.586s (-8.3% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.419s151.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.689s (+5.9% 🔺)2.316s (+4.2%)0.626s131.17x
💻 LocalExpress1.701s (+16.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.304s151.17x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.851s (+12.9% 🔺)2.316s (+11.7% 🔺)0.464s131.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.325s (-6.4% 🟢)5.068s (-8.5% 🟢)1.742s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.770s (+2.9%)5.538s (+9.7% 🔺)1.768s61.13x
▲ VercelExpress3.835s (+23.1% 🔺)5.437s (+15.5% 🔺)1.602s61.15x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.718s (+6.1% 🔺)3.762s (-9.1% 🟢)2.044s81.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.756s (+11.4% 🔺)3.885s (~)2.129s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.293s (+4.0%)4.445s (+7.3% 🔺)1.152s71.92x
💻 LocalNitro3.787s (-19.8% 🟢)4.384s (-17.3% 🟢)0.598s82.20x
💻 LocalExpress4.515s (+66.2% 🔺)5.011s (+49.9% 🔺)0.497s62.63x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.048s (+26.1% 🔺)6.416s (+23.9% 🔺)0.368s53.52x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.175s (-15.8% 🟢)6.372s (-7.4% 🟢)2.198s51.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.379s (-16.1% 🟢)6.127s (-3.5%)1.747s51.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.873s (+0.9%)6.968s (+5.3% 🔺)2.095s51.17x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.157s (-4.1%)2.006s (~)0.849s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.229s (+2.4%)2.007s (~)0.778s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.285s (~)2.007s (~)0.721s151.11x
💻 LocalNitro1.342s (-10.8% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.663s151.16x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.402s (+0.8%)2.006s (~)0.604s151.21x
💻 LocalExpress1.532s (+22.1% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.474s151.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.232s (-22.3% 🟢)3.662s (-20.5% 🟢)1.430s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.275s (-6.7% 🟢)3.633s (+3.7%)1.359s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.460s (+0.9%)3.968s (-2.6%)1.509s81.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.270s (-8.6% 🟢)2.006s (-6.8% 🟢)0.736s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.451s (+6.3% 🔺)2.224s (-7.1% 🟢)0.773s141.14x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.480s (-0.5%)2.007s (~)0.527s151.17x
💻 LocalNitro1.685s (-19.0% 🟢)2.005s (-18.8% 🟢)0.320s151.33x
💻 LocalExpress2.031s (+27.8% 🔺)2.470s (+23.2% 🔺)0.439s131.60x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.059s (+0.5%)2.918s (+16.3% 🔺)0.859s111.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.909s (-44.4% 🟢)4.438s (-33.8% 🟢)1.529s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.121s (-12.0% 🟢)4.850s (-10.7% 🟢)1.729s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.208s (-3.9%)5.012s (-12.7% 🟢)1.804s61.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.617s (-4.4%)3.455s (-13.9% 🟢)1.839s91.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.693s (-11.0% 🟢)4.143s (-3.7%)2.450s81.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)4.199s (+0.9%)5.014s (+2.9%)0.814s62.60x
💻 LocalNitro4.480s (-22.9% 🟢)5.016s (-24.2% 🟢)0.536s72.77x
💻 LocalExpress5.236s (+34.7% 🔺)5.681s (+33.3% 🔺)0.445s63.24x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.677s (+24.0% 🔺)7.217s (+23.4% 🔺)0.540s54.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.659s (-5.7% 🟢)5.712s (+4.5%)2.053s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.935s (-11.9% 🟢)5.860s (-9.5% 🟢)1.925s61.08x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.608s (-7.5% 🟢)6.777s (-1.1%)2.170s51.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.503s (-12.6% 🟢)1.024s (~)0.521s591.00x
💻 LocalNitro0.513s (-15.9% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.491s601.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.592s (+2.4%)1.007s (-1.6%)0.414s601.18x
💻 LocalExpress0.594s (+21.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.410s601.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.823s (~)1.006s (~)0.183s601.64x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.907s (~)1.076s (~)0.169s561.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro5.452s (-14.8% 🟢)7.026s (-11.1% 🟢)1.575s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress5.624s (+9.3% 🔺)7.459s (+9.2% 🔺)1.835s91.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.737s (+4.6%)7.898s (+6.5% 🔺)2.161s81.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.265s (-15.7% 🟢)2.005s (~)0.740s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.376s (+2.0%)2.007s (~)0.631s451.09x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.391s (+2.4%)2.101s (+4.7%)0.710s431.10x
💻 LocalExpress1.517s (+17.8% 🔺)2.028s (+2.2%)0.512s451.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.958s (+2.0%)2.227s (+6.0% 🔺)0.269s411.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.180s (+2.7%)3.008s (~)0.828s301.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.452s (-3.5%)16.665s (-1.8%)2.213s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)14.971s (-3.5%)17.347s (-1.5%)2.376s61.04x
▲ VercelNitro15.113s (+6.1% 🔺)16.984s (+9.1% 🔺)1.871s61.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.510s (-9.9% 🟢)3.222s (+1.9%)0.712s381.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.808s (+4.3%)3.111s (+1.7%)0.303s391.12x
💻 LocalNitro2.821s (-13.0% 🟢)3.109s (-22.4% 🟢)0.288s391.12x
💻 LocalExpress3.175s (+21.1% 🔺)3.912s (+25.8% 🔺)0.737s311.26x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.788s (-2.0%)4.009s (-3.3%)0.221s301.51x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.473s (+2.7%)5.011s (~)0.538s241.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro26.147s (+0.8%)27.937s (+1.0%)1.790s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress26.617s (-2.5%)28.981s (~)2.364s51.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)27.124s (-8.9% 🟢)29.042s (-8.6% 🟢)1.918s51.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.214s (-15.9% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.793s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.258s (+3.0%)1.006s (~)0.748s601.20x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.294s (~)1.006s (~)0.712s601.37x
💻 LocalNitro0.366s (-20.3% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.638s601.71x
💻 LocalExpress0.417s (+20.5% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.587s601.94x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-8.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.491s602.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.025s (-17.6% 🟢)3.559s (-11.1% 🟢)1.534s171.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.076s (-9.8% 🟢)4.083s (~)2.007s161.03x
▲ VercelExpress2.238s (-12.2% 🟢)4.065s (-5.3% 🟢)1.827s151.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.338s (-17.3% 🟢)1.008s (-3.1%)0.670s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.423s (+6.7% 🔺)1.029s (+2.2%)0.606s881.25x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.607s (+5.3% 🔺)1.191s (+7.9% 🔺)0.585s761.79x
💻 LocalNitro1.912s (-14.9% 🟢)2.403s (-12.2% 🟢)0.490s385.65x
💻 LocalExpress2.127s (+40.6% 🔺)2.714s (+30.8% 🔺)0.588s346.28x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.659s (+11.6% 🔺)3.332s (+8.3% 🔺)0.673s287.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.663s (-30.0% 🟢)4.422s (-19.0% 🟢)1.760s211.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.896s (-23.4% 🟢)4.640s (-12.5% 🟢)1.744s201.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-19.9% 🟢)4.741s (-18.4% 🟢)1.700s191.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.755s (-7.3% 🟢)1.260s (-7.1% 🟢)0.505s961.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.823s (+3.1%)1.403s (+4.7%)0.580s861.09x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.822s (+6.5% 🔺)3.795s (+4.0%)0.974s323.74x
💻 LocalNitro8.184s (-13.8% 🟢)8.881s (-12.2% 🟢)0.697s1410.85x
💻 LocalExpress9.501s (+39.0% 🔺)10.111s (+34.5% 🔺)0.611s1212.59x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)11.106s (+1.0%)12.233s (+1.7%)1.127s1014.72x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro6.118s (-12.0% 🟢)7.698s (-9.1% 🟢)1.580s161.00x
▲ VercelExpress6.523s (-22.2% 🟢)8.410s (-16.9% 🟢)1.887s151.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.696s (-5.9% 🟢)9.626s (-4.8%)1.930s131.26x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.145s (-1.8%)2.004s (~)0.008s (-23.1% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.870s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (+3.9%)2.005s (~)0.010s (+78.6% 🔺)2.017s (~)0.861s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.185s (+1.1%)1.997s (~)0.002s (+23.1% 🔺)2.012s (~)0.827s101.04x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.212s (~)2.005s (~)0.013s (+33.7% 🔺)2.022s (~)0.810s101.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.226s (-2.4%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.783s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.240s (+5.0%)2.001s (~)0.001s (-61.5% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.768s101.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.320s (+4.8%)3.693s (+11.2% 🔺)0.729s (-39.8% 🟢)4.902s (-2.9%)2.583s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.480s (+11.9% 🔺)3.389s (-3.2%)1.169s (+5.9% 🔺)5.023s (~)2.543s101.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.490s (+12.8% 🔺)3.626s (-1.1%)1.017s (~)5.192s (~)2.702s101.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.476s (-6.9% 🟢)2.008s (~)0.009s (-26.7% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.544s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.566s (+11.1% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.013s (+36.9% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.458s301.06x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.598s (~)2.003s (~)0.005s (+4.1%)2.026s (~)0.428s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.673s (+4.2%)2.071s (+3.1%)0.004s (-21.3% 🟢)2.093s (+3.3%)0.420s291.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.762s (+2.4%)2.009s (~)0.014s (+22.1% 🔺)2.026s (~)0.264s301.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.777s (~)2.011s (~)0.005s (+45.0% 🔺)2.025s (~)0.248s301.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.823s (-13.3% 🟢)7.325s (-10.2% 🟢)0.176s (-9.5% 🟢)8.076s (-8.6% 🟢)2.253s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.990s (-0.8%)7.361s (+5.1% 🔺)0.163s (-17.9% 🟢)8.017s (+5.1% 🔺)2.027s81.03x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)6.003s (-5.6% 🟢)7.350s (-9.0% 🟢)0.297s (-7.5% 🟢)8.177s (-8.3% 🟢)2.173s81.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.792s (-2.5%)1.046s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.060s (-1.4%)0.268s571.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.880s (+8.9% 🔺)1.275s (+20.5% 🔺)0.000s (-70.2% 🟢)1.287s (+19.2% 🔺)0.407s471.11x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.026s (+5.4% 🔺)1.525s (+10.0% 🔺)0.000s (+65.0% 🔺)1.533s (+9.9% 🔺)0.506s401.30x
💻 LocalNitro1.222s (-15.4% 🟢)1.947s (-3.3%)0.000s (-35.5% 🟢)1.949s (-3.3%)0.727s311.54x
💻 LocalExpress1.395s (+31.2% 🔺)2.013s (+14.8% 🔺)0.000s (+33.3% 🔺)2.016s (+14.8% 🔺)0.621s301.76x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.472s (-3.2%)2.012s (~)0.000s (-14.3% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.543s301.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.724s (-16.1% 🟢)4.127s (-8.8% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)4.609s (-7.8% 🟢)1.885s141.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.788s (~)4.050s (+1.0%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)4.603s (+5.2% 🔺)1.815s141.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.906s (-7.8% 🟢)4.559s (-3.2%)0.001s (+750.0% 🔺)5.046s (-2.9%)2.139s121.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.597s (~)2.133s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.163s (~)0.566s291.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.860s (+15.2% 🔺)2.372s (+10.9% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.408s (+11.8% 🔺)0.548s251.17x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.272s (+2.6%)2.697s (-1.2%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.746s (~)0.474s231.42x
💻 LocalNitro2.594s (-19.2% 🟢)3.022s (-22.6% 🟢)0.000s (-78.7% 🟢)3.024s (-22.6% 🟢)0.430s201.62x
💻 LocalExpress2.954s (+39.7% 🔺)3.669s (+43.4% 🔺)0.001s (+61.3% 🔺)3.677s (+43.4% 🔺)0.723s171.85x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.041s (-0.7%)3.614s (+1.9%)0.001s (-9.1% 🟢)3.618s (+1.7%)0.577s171.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro4.253s (-9.0% 🟢)5.863s (+3.5%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.454s (+6.2% 🔺)2.200s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress4.487s (-1.3%)5.931s (-2.4%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.593s (+0.9%)2.105s101.06x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.614s (-6.4% 🟢)6.400s (+0.9%)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)6.992s (+2.5%)2.378s91.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro21/21
🐘 PostgresExpress14/21
▲ VercelExpress10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres15/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres11/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production143102191650
✅ 💻 Local Development188102192100
✅ 📦 Local Production188102192100
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres186702332100
✅ 🪟 Windows15000150
✅ 📋 Other87201781050
Total8082010689150

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro124026
✅ example124026
✅ express124026
✅ fastify124026
✅ hono124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack14802
✅ nextjs-webpack14802
✅ nitro124026
✅ nuxt124026
✅ sveltekit14307
✅ vite124026
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable125025
✅ express-stable125025
✅ fastify-stable125025
✅ hono-stable125025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary131019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled15000
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled15000
✅ nitro-stable125025
✅ nuxt-stable125025
✅ sveltekit-stable14406
✅ vite-stable125025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable124026
✅ express-stable124026
✅ fastify-stable124026
✅ hono-stable124026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary130020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled14901
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled14901
✅ nitro-stable124026
✅ nuxt-stable124026
✅ sveltekit-stable14307
✅ vite-stable124026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15000
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable124026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-124026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable125025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-125025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start124026

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Pull request overview

Adds new end-to-end coverage for the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies built on hook.getConflict(), including “claim-only mutex”, “adopt owner result”, “signal owner”, “supersede owner”, and a route-side resume-or-start retry pattern.

Changes:

  • Add four new workflow fixtures demonstrating conflict-handling strategies (hookClaimOnlyMutexWorkflow, hookAdoptOwnerResultWorkflow, hookSignalOwnerWorkflow, hookSupersedeOwnerWorkflow).
  • Add five new e2e tests that exercise those strategies against the runtime (including event-level assertions and route-side retry behavior).
  • Wire default arguments for the new workflows into the workbench, and add a Changeset entry.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

FileDescription
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/app/workflows/definitions.tsAdds default args for the new e2e strategy workflows so they can be triggered from the workbench.
workbench/example/workflows/99_e2e.tsIntroduces new workflow fixtures implementing the documented run-idempotency conflict-handling strategies.
packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.tsAdds e2e tests covering each strategy plus the resume-or-start retry flow.
.changeset/idempotency-strategy-e2e.mdAdds a Changeset entry describing the new e2e coverage.

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Comment threadpackages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts Outdated
Comment on lines +2077 to +2079
// The superseded owner ends up cancelled.
const { json: run1Data } = await cliInspectJson(`runs ${run1.runId}`);
expect(run1Data.status).toBe('cancelled');

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Fixed in 2e9d000: the test now awaits run1.returnValue and asserts WorkflowRunCancelledError.is(error) (matching the existing cancellation tests), alongside the status check. Note returnValue is a lazy getter so no pending promise existed before — but asserting the rejection both strengthens the test and guarantees nothing can leak if that changes.

… conflict
On slow runtimes the duplicate's first invocation could land after the
owner completed and released the token, making the duplicate a fresh
owner that waits forever for a payload (90s timeout across CI matrices).
Poll the duplicate's event log for hook_conflict before resuming the
owner, and widen the test timeout for the added gate budget.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…edged in esbuild hang)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The 2e9d000 deployment's next build crashed in an esbuild hang but its
task (70724907c9dd3a29) was recorded into the turbo remote cache anyway,
so every subsequent build with the same input hash replays the broken
artifact (missing routes-manifest). Change a build input to force a
fresh execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

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Approve — the documented strategies now have teeth

Test-only PR closing the docs↔coverage gap: every conflict-handling strategy from the run-idempotency docs now has an e2e test proving it end-to-end. I ran the full hook suite (25 tests) plus the resume-or-start test against a local nextjs-turbopack dev server — all pass.

What's notably good:

  • The race-fix commit shows real understanding of the timing semantics. The adopt-owner-result test gates the owner's completion on run2 having observed the hook_conflict event — without it, a slow first invocation of run2 could land after the owner released the token, turning run2 into a fresh owner waiting forever. And the signal-owner test correctly omits that gate, because there the owner can only complete via the duplicate's forward — the dependency itself serializes the race. Gate where needed, not everywhere.
  • The claim-only mutex test asserts the negative: zero hook_received events on the owner — pinning "hooks as a pure run mutex" as a supported pattern rather than an accident, plus the full lifecycle (hold → duplicate identifies owner → release on completion → clean reclaim by a third run) with a poll-based release wait instead of a fixed sleep.
  • The supersede test handles the unhandled-rejection trap: run1.returnValue.catch(...) + WorkflowRunCancelledError.is() assertion both verifies the cancellation semantics and prevents the rejected promise from leaking out of the test — and double-checks via CLI inspect. The reclaim assertion (waitForHook filtered by run2.runId) correctly handles the disposal-propagation window.
  • The resume-or-start test exercises the documented route pattern directly — including the pre-start HookNotFoundError assertion, with a more forgiving retry budget (30s/250ms) than the docs' inline example.
  • Workflows live once in workbench/example and reach other workbenches via symlink, per convention; definitions.ts updated; empty changeset is right for test-only changes.

One process note for other reviewers: a two-dot diff against current main appears to delete #2385's reserved-attributes e2e test — that's the usual branch-point artifact (#2385 merged after this branch was cut), not a real deletion. The three-dot diff is purely additive (378+/0−) and the merge with current main is clean.

CI fully green. LGTM.

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2402. (backport job run)

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3 participants

@pranaygp@TooTallNate