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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) - #2412

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VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
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peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering
Jun 22, 2026
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake)#2412
VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented Jun 14, 2026

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Problem

The E2E test abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step flakes with stepSawAborted === false. The workflow aborts a controller from one step (abortFromStep), then — after the parallel work settles — passes controller.signal to a subsequent step (checkSignalState), which reads aborted: false. (workflowAborted and the in-flight sibling's stream-based cancel are unaffected, which is the tell.)

Root cause (two parts)

When a step aborts a controller, the abort is reflected into the workflow VM via a hook_received event. Two independent ordering gaps let checkSignalState serialize a stale, non-aborted signal:

  1. Durable abort flushed in the background. The step-side abort() records the durable hook_received event via an op pushed into ctx.ops, which is flushed in the background (safeWaitUntil) — not awaited before step_completed is written or before the workflow continuation is enqueued. So the continuation can resolve Promise.all and dispatch checkSignalStatebefore hook_received exists. This is the dominant cause.

  2. Suspension gate ignored the abort delivery. Even when hook_received is in the log, the consumer's _setAborted is deferred behind await hydrateStepReturnValue(...) (async reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue. Step-result and hook-payload deliveries bump ctx.pendingDeliveries so the suspension handler waits for them before dehydrating the next step's arguments; the abort delivery did not, so the suspension could serialize checkSignalState's signal before the abort landed.

Fix

  • Ordering: add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for operations that must be durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort's hook resume there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops, since it must reach the in-flight sibling ASAP). Await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step handler and the inline step executor.
  • Suspension gate: bump ctx.pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits for _setAborted before dehydrating downstream step arguments.

Together: the continuation now both has hook_received in its event log and waits for its hydration before serializing the next step's signal.

Tests

  • abort-replay-ordering.test.ts — injects hydration latency past a macrotask; asserts the suspension/idle gate only fires once the signal has aborted, and the in-flight abort is counted as a pending delivery.
  • abort-controller-step.test.ts — new test exercising the realreviveAbortController via hydrateStepArguments; asserts the durable hook resume is routed to preCompletionOps (not the background ops) and fires with the correct payload when that bucket is drained.

Both fail against the pre-fix code and pass with the fix. Existing abort/step/suspension/workflow suites pass (542 tests in the runtime+workflow sweep).

An AbortController aborted from a step is reflected into the workflow VM
via a hook_received event, but _setAborted was deferred behind an async
hydrateStepReturnValue (reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue.
Unlike step-result and hook-payload deliveries, the abort delivery did
not participate in ctx.pendingDeliveries, so scheduleWhenIdle (which the
suspension handler uses to gate dehydration of queued step arguments)
could fire while the abort was still in flight. A step dispatched right
after the abort that received controller.signal then had its arguments
serialized with aborted=false.
Bump pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits
for _setAborted to land, matching the existing step/hook-payload pattern.
This fixes the intermittent abortFromStepWorkflow E2E failure
(stepSawAborted=false).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9519bb3

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.041s (-15.6% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.964s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.044s (+7.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+14.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.958s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s (-3.8%)1.012s (~)0.956s101.37x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.062s (-1.9%)1.011s (~)0.949s101.53x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.075s (+21.2% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.938s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.342s (+5.6% 🔺)2.612s (-6.4% 🟢)2.271s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.069s (-2.1%)2.005s (~)0.936s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.077s (-2.1%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.081s (-0.7%)2.006s (~)0.926s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.088s (-1.3%)2.009s (~)0.922s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.092s (-1.0%)2.010s (~)0.918s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.096s (-0.6%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.725s (+9.3% 🔺)3.707s (~)1.982s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.355s (-1.8%)11.020s (~)0.665s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.432s (-0.8%)11.023s (~)0.591s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.450s (-0.6%)11.022s (~)0.572s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.461s (-0.8%)11.017s (~)0.556s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.478s (-0.6%)11.023s (~)0.544s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.478s (-0.9%)11.020s (~)0.541s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)12.820s (-2.8%)14.343s (-6.7% 🟢)1.523s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.387s (-2.3%)14.025s (~)0.638s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.546s (-3.2%)14.027s (-1.4%)0.482s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.553s (-0.9%)14.027s (~)0.474s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.674s (-1.7%)14.023s (~)0.349s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.701s (-0.6%)14.019s (~)0.318s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.717s (-1.4%)14.019s (~)0.301s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.148s (+1.0%)22.128s (~)1.980s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)11.718s (-5.9% 🟢)12.021s (-7.7% 🟢)0.303s81.00x
💻 LocalExpress12.016s (-4.6%)12.272s (-5.8% 🟢)0.256s81.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.162s (-1.1%)13.025s (~)0.862s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.170s (-2.9%)13.015s (~)0.845s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.224s (-1.9%)13.016s (~)0.791s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (~)13.020s (~)0.674s71.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)25.164s (~)27.638s (+0.7%)2.474s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.166s (-1.8%)2.008s (~)0.842s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.179s (-1.4%)2.008s (~)0.828s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.195s (+3.2%)2.008s (~)0.813s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.306s (-5.0% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.700s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (+12.6% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.620s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.399s (+16.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.607s151.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.999s (+15.7% 🔺)4.893s (+10.5% 🔺)1.894s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.275s (+1.9%)3.009s (+50.0% 🔺)1.733s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.317s (+0.7%)2.591s (+24.9% 🔺)1.274s121.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.352s (+6.6% 🔺)2.592s (+29.1% 🔺)1.240s121.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.102s (-10.3% 🟢)2.734s (-6.3% 🟢)0.632s111.65x
💻 LocalNitro2.405s (+19.4% 🔺)3.010s (+20.1% 🔺)0.604s101.89x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (+20.1% 🔺)2.917s (+16.3% 🔺)0.474s111.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.302s (+35.0% 🔺)6.233s (+21.6% 🔺)1.931s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.567s (+8.1% 🔺)4.138s (+12.5% 🔺)2.571s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.616s (-2.5%)4.012s (+6.6% 🔺)2.396s81.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s (+85.3% 🔺)5.347s (+37.6% 🔺)2.601s61.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.971s (-40.6% 🟢)4.384s (-40.9% 🟢)0.414s82.53x
💻 LocalExpress5.458s (-5.4% 🟢)6.214s (-3.1%)0.756s53.48x
💻 LocalNitro6.359s (+41.9% 🔺)7.220s (+44.1% 🔺)0.861s54.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.167s (+47.5% 🔺)7.657s (+40.9% 🔺)2.489s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.175s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.187s (-0.7%)2.008s (~)0.821s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.191s (+1.5%)2.008s (~)0.817s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.319s (-2.4%)2.005s (~)0.687s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.339s (+8.8% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.668s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.442s (+17.3% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.565s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.744s (+28.3% 🔺)4.770s (+17.6% 🔺)2.026s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s (+0.6%)2.826s (+36.2% 🔺)1.555s111.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.321s (+3.6%)2.593s (+29.1% 🔺)1.272s121.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+2.9%)2.471s (+23.1% 🔺)1.138s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.260s (-6.5% 🟢)2.923s (~)0.663s111.78x
💻 LocalExpress2.548s (+25.0% 🔺)3.110s (+13.6% 🔺)0.562s102.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.595s (+29.1% 🔺)3.110s (+34.4% 🔺)0.515s102.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.021s (+88.5% 🔺)6.686s (+60.6% 🔺)1.665s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.606s (+10.3% 🔺)4.011s (+6.7% 🔺)2.405s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.615s (+12.9% 🔺)4.010s (+6.6% 🔺)2.394s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.605s (+77.3% 🔺)5.681s (+46.2% 🔺)3.076s61.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.107s (-39.5% 🟢)4.726s (-37.1% 🟢)0.620s72.56x
💻 LocalExpress5.927s (-0.6%)6.620s (-2.9%)0.694s53.69x
💻 LocalNitro8.170s (+65.3% 🔺)8.770s (+59.1% 🔺)0.599s45.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.790s (+75.1% 🔺)8.242s (+56.8% 🔺)2.453s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s (-13.5% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.517s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.508s (-17.0% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.496s601.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.529s (-5.9% 🟢)1.006s (-1.6%)0.478s601.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.535s (-7.1% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.471s601.09x
💻 LocalExpress0.550s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.455s601.12x
💻 LocalNitro0.647s (+13.4% 🔺)1.058s (+3.5%)0.411s571.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.870s (+17.8% 🔺)6.767s (+8.4% 🔺)1.898s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.228s (-3.7%)2.008s (~)0.780s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.275s (~)2.008s (~)0.733s451.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.329s (~)2.030s (+1.1%)0.701s451.08x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.336s (-9.4% 🟢)2.028s (+1.1%)0.691s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (-11.1% 🟢)2.006s (-1.2%)0.620s451.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.470s (+6.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.536s451.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.703s (+30.7% 🔺)12.876s (+28.7% 🔺)2.173s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.401s (-5.8% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.608s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.575s (-3.0%)3.111s (-0.8%)0.536s391.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.611s (-0.9%)3.058s (~)0.447s401.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.936s (-8.4% 🟢)3.341s (-16.0% 🟢)0.405s361.22x
💻 LocalExpress3.060s (-5.9% 🟢)3.538s (-11.8% 🟢)0.478s341.27x
💻 LocalNitro3.256s (+8.6% 🔺)3.913s (+13.9% 🔺)0.657s311.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.058s (+60.9% 🔺)28.102s (+52.7% 🔺)2.044s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.166s (-7.4% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.841s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.194s (-8.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.813s601.17x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.219s (~)1.006s (~)0.787s601.32x
💻 LocalExpress0.446s (+30.6% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.559s602.69x
💻 LocalNitro0.479s (+42.0% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.526s602.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.528s (-12.7% 🟢)1.021s (+1.6%)0.492s593.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.110s (+60.3% 🔺)4.313s (+45.0% 🔺)2.202s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.254s (-5.2% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.753s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-4.3%)1.030s (+2.3%)0.721s881.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.322s (~)1.006s (~)0.684s901.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.059s (+5.3% 🔺)2.608s (+5.7% 🔺)0.549s358.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (+7.3% 🔺)2.766s (+12.1% 🔺)0.593s338.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.278s (-14.6% 🟢)2.944s (-4.3%)0.665s318.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.456s (+54.2% 🔺)5.523s (+31.9% 🔺)2.066s171.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.441s (-8.4% 🟢)3.035s (~)2.593s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.451s (-14.1% 🟢)1.088s (+3.7%)0.637s1111.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.539s (+9.4% 🔺)1.138s (+12.2% 🔺)0.599s1071.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9.118s (-9.4% 🟢)9.791s (-11.9% 🟢)0.673s1320.66x
💻 LocalExpress9.412s (-3.8%)10.359s (-2.4%)0.947s1221.32x
💻 LocalNitro9.838s (+5.2% 🔺)10.865s (+7.5% 🔺)1.028s1222.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.015s (+69.7% 🔺)8.610s (+58.9% 🔺)2.595s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.109s (-3.8%)1.975s (-1.4%)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.905s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.145s (-2.2%)2.000s (~)0.001s (+8.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.151s (-1.5%)1.999s (~)0.001s (-47.4% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.859s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (~)2.004s (~)0.012s (+28.3% 🔺)2.019s (~)0.865s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (-1.5%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-18.7% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.860s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.167s (-1.0%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)2.011s (~)0.845s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.341s (+11.0% 🔺)3.521s (+4.1%)3.097s (+86.6% 🔺)7.328s (+32.3% 🔺)4.987s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.449s (-10.5% 🟢)1.977s (-1.6%)0.010s (-22.5% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.571s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.521s (-4.0%)2.010s (~)0.012s (-2.7%)2.024s (~)0.504s301.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.529s (-4.4%)2.010s (~)0.005s (-6.8% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.494s301.06x
💻 LocalNitro1.558s (-1.3%)2.011s (~)0.013s (+8.3% 🔺)2.027s (~)0.468s301.08x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.563s (-4.8%)2.007s (-1.5%)0.004s (-10.1% 🟢)2.025s (-1.6%)0.462s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.626s (+2.5%)2.037s (+1.6%)0.005s (-3.4%)2.059s (+1.7%)0.433s301.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)8.526s (+43.5% 🔺)10.492s (+38.1% 🔺)0.589s (+78.5% 🔺)11.690s (+38.1% 🔺)3.164s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.782s (+2.4%)1.066s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.079s (~)0.297s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.794s (+3.3%)1.065s (-3.6%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.101s (-1.5%)0.307s551.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.883s (+15.9% 🔺)1.245s (+14.5% 🔺)0.000s (+16.3% 🔺)1.256s (+14.6% 🔺)0.373s491.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s (-23.7% 🟢)1.779s (-11.5% 🟢)0.000s (-21.6% 🟢)1.807s (-10.3% 🟢)0.702s341.41x
💻 LocalExpress1.207s (-8.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.810s301.54x
💻 LocalNitro1.272s (-6.8% 🟢)1.981s (-1.6%)0.001s (+45.2% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.711s311.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.889s (+15.6% 🔺)6.221s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.822s (~)1.933s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.530s (~)2.139s (+1.8%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.184s (+1.5%)0.654s281.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.679s (+1.5%)2.306s (+4.1%)0.000s (+211.5% 🔺)2.338s (+4.8%)0.659s261.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.333s (+22.2% 🔺)2.859s (+12.4% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.866s (+12.4% 🔺)0.533s211.53x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.716s (-34.0% 🟢)3.256s (-29.2% 🟢)0.000s (-75.4% 🟢)3.292s (-28.6% 🟢)0.576s191.78x
💻 LocalExpress3.117s (-14.4% 🟢)3.670s (-13.2% 🟢)0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)3.678s (-13.1% 🟢)0.561s172.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.674s (+5.0%)4.294s (+8.4% 🔺)0.001s (+18.5% 🔺)4.298s (+8.2% 🔺)0.624s152.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.455s (+21.9% 🔺)7.884s (+16.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)8.591s (+17.4% 🔺)2.136s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)19/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14/21
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

The abortFromStep E2E flake had a second, dominant cause beyond the
suspension-gate race: a step that aborts a controller records the
durable hook_received event via an op that was flushed in the
*background* (safeWaitUntil), not awaited before step_completed. So the
workflow continuation enqueued by step_completed could run — resolving
Promise.all and dispatching a later step with the controller.signal —
before hook_received existed, serializing a stale aborted=false signal.
Add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for ops that must be
durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort hook resume
there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops), and
await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step
handler and the inline step executor. Combined with the pendingDeliveries
suspension-gate fix, the workflow continuation now both has the
hook_received in its log and waits for its hydration before serializing
downstream step arguments.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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No backport to stable for 6de5ea5 (AI decision).

This fix targets the workflow-level AbortController feature (abort-from-step), which does not exist on stable: I verified that createCreateAbortController, reviveAbortController, the ABORT_HOOK_TOKEN/ABORT_STREAM_NAME symbols, the preCompletionOps concept, and the touched files packages/core/src/workflow/abort-controller.ts and packages/core/src/runtime/step-executor.ts are all absent on stable. Even the pendingDeliveries change (a counter that does exist on stable) is wired specifically to the main-only abort-delivery path, so the entire commit builds on main-only behavior and the bug it fixes cannot occur on stable.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

6de5ea5c2f32b474274f5dabe5f3663e03622ac5

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2412 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) - #2412

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VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
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peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering
Jun 22, 2026
Merged

[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake)#2412
VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented Jun 14, 2026

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Problem

The E2E test abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step flakes with stepSawAborted === false. The workflow aborts a controller from one step (abortFromStep), then — after the parallel work settles — passes controller.signal to a subsequent step (checkSignalState), which reads aborted: false. (workflowAborted and the in-flight sibling's stream-based cancel are unaffected, which is the tell.)

Root cause (two parts)

When a step aborts a controller, the abort is reflected into the workflow VM via a hook_received event. Two independent ordering gaps let checkSignalState serialize a stale, non-aborted signal:

  1. Durable abort flushed in the background. The step-side abort() records the durable hook_received event via an op pushed into ctx.ops, which is flushed in the background (safeWaitUntil) — not awaited before step_completed is written or before the workflow continuation is enqueued. So the continuation can resolve Promise.all and dispatch checkSignalStatebefore hook_received exists. This is the dominant cause.

  2. Suspension gate ignored the abort delivery. Even when hook_received is in the log, the consumer's _setAborted is deferred behind await hydrateStepReturnValue(...) (async reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue. Step-result and hook-payload deliveries bump ctx.pendingDeliveries so the suspension handler waits for them before dehydrating the next step's arguments; the abort delivery did not, so the suspension could serialize checkSignalState's signal before the abort landed.

Fix

  • Ordering: add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for operations that must be durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort's hook resume there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops, since it must reach the in-flight sibling ASAP). Await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step handler and the inline step executor.
  • Suspension gate: bump ctx.pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits for _setAborted before dehydrating downstream step arguments.

Together: the continuation now both has hook_received in its event log and waits for its hydration before serializing the next step's signal.

Tests

  • abort-replay-ordering.test.ts — injects hydration latency past a macrotask; asserts the suspension/idle gate only fires once the signal has aborted, and the in-flight abort is counted as a pending delivery.
  • abort-controller-step.test.ts — new test exercising the realreviveAbortController via hydrateStepArguments; asserts the durable hook resume is routed to preCompletionOps (not the background ops) and fires with the correct payload when that bucket is drained.

Both fail against the pre-fix code and pass with the fix. Existing abort/step/suspension/workflow suites pass (542 tests in the runtime+workflow sweep).

An AbortController aborted from a step is reflected into the workflow VM
via a hook_received event, but _setAborted was deferred behind an async
hydrateStepReturnValue (reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue.
Unlike step-result and hook-payload deliveries, the abort delivery did
not participate in ctx.pendingDeliveries, so scheduleWhenIdle (which the
suspension handler uses to gate dehydration of queued step arguments)
could fire while the abort was still in flight. A step dispatched right
after the abort that received controller.signal then had its arguments
serialized with aborted=false.
Bump pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits
for _setAborted to land, matching the existing step/hook-payload pattern.
This fixes the intermittent abortFromStepWorkflow E2E failure
(stepSawAborted=false).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9519bb3

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.041s (-15.6% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.964s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.044s (+7.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+14.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.958s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s (-3.8%)1.012s (~)0.956s101.37x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.062s (-1.9%)1.011s (~)0.949s101.53x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.075s (+21.2% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.938s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.342s (+5.6% 🔺)2.612s (-6.4% 🟢)2.271s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.069s (-2.1%)2.005s (~)0.936s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.077s (-2.1%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.081s (-0.7%)2.006s (~)0.926s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.088s (-1.3%)2.009s (~)0.922s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.092s (-1.0%)2.010s (~)0.918s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.096s (-0.6%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.725s (+9.3% 🔺)3.707s (~)1.982s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.355s (-1.8%)11.020s (~)0.665s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.432s (-0.8%)11.023s (~)0.591s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.450s (-0.6%)11.022s (~)0.572s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.461s (-0.8%)11.017s (~)0.556s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.478s (-0.6%)11.023s (~)0.544s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.478s (-0.9%)11.020s (~)0.541s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)12.820s (-2.8%)14.343s (-6.7% 🟢)1.523s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.387s (-2.3%)14.025s (~)0.638s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.546s (-3.2%)14.027s (-1.4%)0.482s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.553s (-0.9%)14.027s (~)0.474s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.674s (-1.7%)14.023s (~)0.349s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.701s (-0.6%)14.019s (~)0.318s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.717s (-1.4%)14.019s (~)0.301s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.148s (+1.0%)22.128s (~)1.980s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)11.718s (-5.9% 🟢)12.021s (-7.7% 🟢)0.303s81.00x
💻 LocalExpress12.016s (-4.6%)12.272s (-5.8% 🟢)0.256s81.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.162s (-1.1%)13.025s (~)0.862s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.170s (-2.9%)13.015s (~)0.845s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.224s (-1.9%)13.016s (~)0.791s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (~)13.020s (~)0.674s71.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)25.164s (~)27.638s (+0.7%)2.474s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.166s (-1.8%)2.008s (~)0.842s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.179s (-1.4%)2.008s (~)0.828s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.195s (+3.2%)2.008s (~)0.813s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.306s (-5.0% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.700s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (+12.6% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.620s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.399s (+16.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.607s151.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.999s (+15.7% 🔺)4.893s (+10.5% 🔺)1.894s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.275s (+1.9%)3.009s (+50.0% 🔺)1.733s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.317s (+0.7%)2.591s (+24.9% 🔺)1.274s121.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.352s (+6.6% 🔺)2.592s (+29.1% 🔺)1.240s121.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.102s (-10.3% 🟢)2.734s (-6.3% 🟢)0.632s111.65x
💻 LocalNitro2.405s (+19.4% 🔺)3.010s (+20.1% 🔺)0.604s101.89x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (+20.1% 🔺)2.917s (+16.3% 🔺)0.474s111.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.302s (+35.0% 🔺)6.233s (+21.6% 🔺)1.931s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.567s (+8.1% 🔺)4.138s (+12.5% 🔺)2.571s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.616s (-2.5%)4.012s (+6.6% 🔺)2.396s81.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s (+85.3% 🔺)5.347s (+37.6% 🔺)2.601s61.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.971s (-40.6% 🟢)4.384s (-40.9% 🟢)0.414s82.53x
💻 LocalExpress5.458s (-5.4% 🟢)6.214s (-3.1%)0.756s53.48x
💻 LocalNitro6.359s (+41.9% 🔺)7.220s (+44.1% 🔺)0.861s54.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.167s (+47.5% 🔺)7.657s (+40.9% 🔺)2.489s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.175s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.187s (-0.7%)2.008s (~)0.821s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.191s (+1.5%)2.008s (~)0.817s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.319s (-2.4%)2.005s (~)0.687s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.339s (+8.8% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.668s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.442s (+17.3% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.565s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.744s (+28.3% 🔺)4.770s (+17.6% 🔺)2.026s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s (+0.6%)2.826s (+36.2% 🔺)1.555s111.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.321s (+3.6%)2.593s (+29.1% 🔺)1.272s121.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+2.9%)2.471s (+23.1% 🔺)1.138s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.260s (-6.5% 🟢)2.923s (~)0.663s111.78x
💻 LocalExpress2.548s (+25.0% 🔺)3.110s (+13.6% 🔺)0.562s102.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.595s (+29.1% 🔺)3.110s (+34.4% 🔺)0.515s102.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.021s (+88.5% 🔺)6.686s (+60.6% 🔺)1.665s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.606s (+10.3% 🔺)4.011s (+6.7% 🔺)2.405s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.615s (+12.9% 🔺)4.010s (+6.6% 🔺)2.394s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.605s (+77.3% 🔺)5.681s (+46.2% 🔺)3.076s61.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.107s (-39.5% 🟢)4.726s (-37.1% 🟢)0.620s72.56x
💻 LocalExpress5.927s (-0.6%)6.620s (-2.9%)0.694s53.69x
💻 LocalNitro8.170s (+65.3% 🔺)8.770s (+59.1% 🔺)0.599s45.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.790s (+75.1% 🔺)8.242s (+56.8% 🔺)2.453s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s (-13.5% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.517s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.508s (-17.0% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.496s601.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.529s (-5.9% 🟢)1.006s (-1.6%)0.478s601.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.535s (-7.1% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.471s601.09x
💻 LocalExpress0.550s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.455s601.12x
💻 LocalNitro0.647s (+13.4% 🔺)1.058s (+3.5%)0.411s571.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.870s (+17.8% 🔺)6.767s (+8.4% 🔺)1.898s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.228s (-3.7%)2.008s (~)0.780s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.275s (~)2.008s (~)0.733s451.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.329s (~)2.030s (+1.1%)0.701s451.08x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.336s (-9.4% 🟢)2.028s (+1.1%)0.691s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (-11.1% 🟢)2.006s (-1.2%)0.620s451.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.470s (+6.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.536s451.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.703s (+30.7% 🔺)12.876s (+28.7% 🔺)2.173s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.401s (-5.8% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.608s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.575s (-3.0%)3.111s (-0.8%)0.536s391.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.611s (-0.9%)3.058s (~)0.447s401.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.936s (-8.4% 🟢)3.341s (-16.0% 🟢)0.405s361.22x
💻 LocalExpress3.060s (-5.9% 🟢)3.538s (-11.8% 🟢)0.478s341.27x
💻 LocalNitro3.256s (+8.6% 🔺)3.913s (+13.9% 🔺)0.657s311.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.058s (+60.9% 🔺)28.102s (+52.7% 🔺)2.044s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.166s (-7.4% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.841s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.194s (-8.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.813s601.17x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.219s (~)1.006s (~)0.787s601.32x
💻 LocalExpress0.446s (+30.6% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.559s602.69x
💻 LocalNitro0.479s (+42.0% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.526s602.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.528s (-12.7% 🟢)1.021s (+1.6%)0.492s593.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.110s (+60.3% 🔺)4.313s (+45.0% 🔺)2.202s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.254s (-5.2% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.753s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-4.3%)1.030s (+2.3%)0.721s881.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.322s (~)1.006s (~)0.684s901.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.059s (+5.3% 🔺)2.608s (+5.7% 🔺)0.549s358.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (+7.3% 🔺)2.766s (+12.1% 🔺)0.593s338.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.278s (-14.6% 🟢)2.944s (-4.3%)0.665s318.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.456s (+54.2% 🔺)5.523s (+31.9% 🔺)2.066s171.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.441s (-8.4% 🟢)3.035s (~)2.593s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.451s (-14.1% 🟢)1.088s (+3.7%)0.637s1111.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.539s (+9.4% 🔺)1.138s (+12.2% 🔺)0.599s1071.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9.118s (-9.4% 🟢)9.791s (-11.9% 🟢)0.673s1320.66x
💻 LocalExpress9.412s (-3.8%)10.359s (-2.4%)0.947s1221.32x
💻 LocalNitro9.838s (+5.2% 🔺)10.865s (+7.5% 🔺)1.028s1222.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.015s (+69.7% 🔺)8.610s (+58.9% 🔺)2.595s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.109s (-3.8%)1.975s (-1.4%)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.905s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.145s (-2.2%)2.000s (~)0.001s (+8.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.151s (-1.5%)1.999s (~)0.001s (-47.4% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.859s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (~)2.004s (~)0.012s (+28.3% 🔺)2.019s (~)0.865s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (-1.5%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-18.7% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.860s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.167s (-1.0%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)2.011s (~)0.845s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.341s (+11.0% 🔺)3.521s (+4.1%)3.097s (+86.6% 🔺)7.328s (+32.3% 🔺)4.987s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.449s (-10.5% 🟢)1.977s (-1.6%)0.010s (-22.5% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.571s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.521s (-4.0%)2.010s (~)0.012s (-2.7%)2.024s (~)0.504s301.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.529s (-4.4%)2.010s (~)0.005s (-6.8% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.494s301.06x
💻 LocalNitro1.558s (-1.3%)2.011s (~)0.013s (+8.3% 🔺)2.027s (~)0.468s301.08x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.563s (-4.8%)2.007s (-1.5%)0.004s (-10.1% 🟢)2.025s (-1.6%)0.462s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.626s (+2.5%)2.037s (+1.6%)0.005s (-3.4%)2.059s (+1.7%)0.433s301.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)8.526s (+43.5% 🔺)10.492s (+38.1% 🔺)0.589s (+78.5% 🔺)11.690s (+38.1% 🔺)3.164s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.782s (+2.4%)1.066s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.079s (~)0.297s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.794s (+3.3%)1.065s (-3.6%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.101s (-1.5%)0.307s551.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.883s (+15.9% 🔺)1.245s (+14.5% 🔺)0.000s (+16.3% 🔺)1.256s (+14.6% 🔺)0.373s491.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s (-23.7% 🟢)1.779s (-11.5% 🟢)0.000s (-21.6% 🟢)1.807s (-10.3% 🟢)0.702s341.41x
💻 LocalExpress1.207s (-8.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.810s301.54x
💻 LocalNitro1.272s (-6.8% 🟢)1.981s (-1.6%)0.001s (+45.2% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.711s311.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.889s (+15.6% 🔺)6.221s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.822s (~)1.933s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.530s (~)2.139s (+1.8%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.184s (+1.5%)0.654s281.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.679s (+1.5%)2.306s (+4.1%)0.000s (+211.5% 🔺)2.338s (+4.8%)0.659s261.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.333s (+22.2% 🔺)2.859s (+12.4% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.866s (+12.4% 🔺)0.533s211.53x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.716s (-34.0% 🟢)3.256s (-29.2% 🟢)0.000s (-75.4% 🟢)3.292s (-28.6% 🟢)0.576s191.78x
💻 LocalExpress3.117s (-14.4% 🟢)3.670s (-13.2% 🟢)0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)3.678s (-13.1% 🟢)0.561s172.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.674s (+5.0%)4.294s (+8.4% 🔺)0.001s (+18.5% 🔺)4.298s (+8.2% 🔺)0.624s152.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.455s (+21.9% 🔺)7.884s (+16.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)8.591s (+17.4% 🔺)2.136s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)19/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14/21
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

The abortFromStep E2E flake had a second, dominant cause beyond the
suspension-gate race: a step that aborts a controller records the
durable hook_received event via an op that was flushed in the
*background* (safeWaitUntil), not awaited before step_completed. So the
workflow continuation enqueued by step_completed could run — resolving
Promise.all and dispatching a later step with the controller.signal —
before hook_received existed, serializing a stale aborted=false signal.
Add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for ops that must be
durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort hook resume
there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops), and
await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step
handler and the inline step executor. Combined with the pendingDeliveries
suspension-gate fix, the workflow continuation now both has the
hook_received in its log and waits for its hydration before serializing
downstream step arguments.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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No backport to stable for 6de5ea5 (AI decision).

This fix targets the workflow-level AbortController feature (abort-from-step), which does not exist on stable: I verified that createCreateAbortController, reviveAbortController, the ABORT_HOOK_TOKEN/ABORT_STREAM_NAME symbols, the preCompletionOps concept, and the touched files packages/core/src/workflow/abort-controller.ts and packages/core/src/runtime/step-executor.ts are all absent on stable. Even the pendingDeliveries change (a counter that does exist on stable) is wired specifically to the main-only abort-delivery path, so the entire commit builds on main-only behavior and the bug it fixes cannot occur on stable.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

6de5ea5c2f32b474274f5dabe5f3663e03622ac5

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Force GitHub README to respect dark mode (function() { var style = document.createElement('style'); style.textContent = ' .markdown-body { color-scheme: dark light; } .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; } .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; } .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; } .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; } .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; } .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; } '; document.head.appendChild(style); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' [core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2412 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) - #2412

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VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
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peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering
Jun 22, 2026
Merged

[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake)#2412
VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented Jun 14, 2026

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Problem

The E2E test abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step flakes with stepSawAborted === false. The workflow aborts a controller from one step (abortFromStep), then — after the parallel work settles — passes controller.signal to a subsequent step (checkSignalState), which reads aborted: false. (workflowAborted and the in-flight sibling's stream-based cancel are unaffected, which is the tell.)

Root cause (two parts)

When a step aborts a controller, the abort is reflected into the workflow VM via a hook_received event. Two independent ordering gaps let checkSignalState serialize a stale, non-aborted signal:

  1. Durable abort flushed in the background. The step-side abort() records the durable hook_received event via an op pushed into ctx.ops, which is flushed in the background (safeWaitUntil) — not awaited before step_completed is written or before the workflow continuation is enqueued. So the continuation can resolve Promise.all and dispatch checkSignalStatebefore hook_received exists. This is the dominant cause.

  2. Suspension gate ignored the abort delivery. Even when hook_received is in the log, the consumer's _setAborted is deferred behind await hydrateStepReturnValue(...) (async reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue. Step-result and hook-payload deliveries bump ctx.pendingDeliveries so the suspension handler waits for them before dehydrating the next step's arguments; the abort delivery did not, so the suspension could serialize checkSignalState's signal before the abort landed.

Fix

  • Ordering: add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for operations that must be durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort's hook resume there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops, since it must reach the in-flight sibling ASAP). Await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step handler and the inline step executor.
  • Suspension gate: bump ctx.pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits for _setAborted before dehydrating downstream step arguments.

Together: the continuation now both has hook_received in its event log and waits for its hydration before serializing the next step's signal.

Tests

  • abort-replay-ordering.test.ts — injects hydration latency past a macrotask; asserts the suspension/idle gate only fires once the signal has aborted, and the in-flight abort is counted as a pending delivery.
  • abort-controller-step.test.ts — new test exercising the realreviveAbortController via hydrateStepArguments; asserts the durable hook resume is routed to preCompletionOps (not the background ops) and fires with the correct payload when that bucket is drained.

Both fail against the pre-fix code and pass with the fix. Existing abort/step/suspension/workflow suites pass (542 tests in the runtime+workflow sweep).

An AbortController aborted from a step is reflected into the workflow VM
via a hook_received event, but _setAborted was deferred behind an async
hydrateStepReturnValue (reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue.
Unlike step-result and hook-payload deliveries, the abort delivery did
not participate in ctx.pendingDeliveries, so scheduleWhenIdle (which the
suspension handler uses to gate dehydration of queued step arguments)
could fire while the abort was still in flight. A step dispatched right
after the abort that received controller.signal then had its arguments
serialized with aborted=false.
Bump pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits
for _setAborted to land, matching the existing step/hook-payload pattern.
This fixes the intermittent abortFromStepWorkflow E2E failure
(stepSawAborted=false).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9519bb3

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.041s (-15.6% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.964s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.044s (+7.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+14.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.958s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s (-3.8%)1.012s (~)0.956s101.37x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.062s (-1.9%)1.011s (~)0.949s101.53x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.075s (+21.2% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.938s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.342s (+5.6% 🔺)2.612s (-6.4% 🟢)2.271s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.069s (-2.1%)2.005s (~)0.936s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.077s (-2.1%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.081s (-0.7%)2.006s (~)0.926s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.088s (-1.3%)2.009s (~)0.922s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.092s (-1.0%)2.010s (~)0.918s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.096s (-0.6%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.725s (+9.3% 🔺)3.707s (~)1.982s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.355s (-1.8%)11.020s (~)0.665s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.432s (-0.8%)11.023s (~)0.591s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.450s (-0.6%)11.022s (~)0.572s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.461s (-0.8%)11.017s (~)0.556s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.478s (-0.6%)11.023s (~)0.544s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.478s (-0.9%)11.020s (~)0.541s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)12.820s (-2.8%)14.343s (-6.7% 🟢)1.523s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.387s (-2.3%)14.025s (~)0.638s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.546s (-3.2%)14.027s (-1.4%)0.482s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.553s (-0.9%)14.027s (~)0.474s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.674s (-1.7%)14.023s (~)0.349s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.701s (-0.6%)14.019s (~)0.318s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.717s (-1.4%)14.019s (~)0.301s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.148s (+1.0%)22.128s (~)1.980s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)11.718s (-5.9% 🟢)12.021s (-7.7% 🟢)0.303s81.00x
💻 LocalExpress12.016s (-4.6%)12.272s (-5.8% 🟢)0.256s81.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.162s (-1.1%)13.025s (~)0.862s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.170s (-2.9%)13.015s (~)0.845s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.224s (-1.9%)13.016s (~)0.791s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (~)13.020s (~)0.674s71.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)25.164s (~)27.638s (+0.7%)2.474s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.166s (-1.8%)2.008s (~)0.842s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.179s (-1.4%)2.008s (~)0.828s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.195s (+3.2%)2.008s (~)0.813s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.306s (-5.0% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.700s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (+12.6% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.620s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.399s (+16.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.607s151.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.999s (+15.7% 🔺)4.893s (+10.5% 🔺)1.894s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.275s (+1.9%)3.009s (+50.0% 🔺)1.733s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.317s (+0.7%)2.591s (+24.9% 🔺)1.274s121.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.352s (+6.6% 🔺)2.592s (+29.1% 🔺)1.240s121.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.102s (-10.3% 🟢)2.734s (-6.3% 🟢)0.632s111.65x
💻 LocalNitro2.405s (+19.4% 🔺)3.010s (+20.1% 🔺)0.604s101.89x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (+20.1% 🔺)2.917s (+16.3% 🔺)0.474s111.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.302s (+35.0% 🔺)6.233s (+21.6% 🔺)1.931s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.567s (+8.1% 🔺)4.138s (+12.5% 🔺)2.571s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.616s (-2.5%)4.012s (+6.6% 🔺)2.396s81.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s (+85.3% 🔺)5.347s (+37.6% 🔺)2.601s61.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.971s (-40.6% 🟢)4.384s (-40.9% 🟢)0.414s82.53x
💻 LocalExpress5.458s (-5.4% 🟢)6.214s (-3.1%)0.756s53.48x
💻 LocalNitro6.359s (+41.9% 🔺)7.220s (+44.1% 🔺)0.861s54.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.167s (+47.5% 🔺)7.657s (+40.9% 🔺)2.489s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.175s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.187s (-0.7%)2.008s (~)0.821s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.191s (+1.5%)2.008s (~)0.817s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.319s (-2.4%)2.005s (~)0.687s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.339s (+8.8% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.668s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.442s (+17.3% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.565s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.744s (+28.3% 🔺)4.770s (+17.6% 🔺)2.026s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s (+0.6%)2.826s (+36.2% 🔺)1.555s111.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.321s (+3.6%)2.593s (+29.1% 🔺)1.272s121.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+2.9%)2.471s (+23.1% 🔺)1.138s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.260s (-6.5% 🟢)2.923s (~)0.663s111.78x
💻 LocalExpress2.548s (+25.0% 🔺)3.110s (+13.6% 🔺)0.562s102.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.595s (+29.1% 🔺)3.110s (+34.4% 🔺)0.515s102.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.021s (+88.5% 🔺)6.686s (+60.6% 🔺)1.665s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.606s (+10.3% 🔺)4.011s (+6.7% 🔺)2.405s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.615s (+12.9% 🔺)4.010s (+6.6% 🔺)2.394s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.605s (+77.3% 🔺)5.681s (+46.2% 🔺)3.076s61.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.107s (-39.5% 🟢)4.726s (-37.1% 🟢)0.620s72.56x
💻 LocalExpress5.927s (-0.6%)6.620s (-2.9%)0.694s53.69x
💻 LocalNitro8.170s (+65.3% 🔺)8.770s (+59.1% 🔺)0.599s45.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.790s (+75.1% 🔺)8.242s (+56.8% 🔺)2.453s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s (-13.5% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.517s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.508s (-17.0% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.496s601.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.529s (-5.9% 🟢)1.006s (-1.6%)0.478s601.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.535s (-7.1% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.471s601.09x
💻 LocalExpress0.550s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.455s601.12x
💻 LocalNitro0.647s (+13.4% 🔺)1.058s (+3.5%)0.411s571.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.870s (+17.8% 🔺)6.767s (+8.4% 🔺)1.898s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.228s (-3.7%)2.008s (~)0.780s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.275s (~)2.008s (~)0.733s451.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.329s (~)2.030s (+1.1%)0.701s451.08x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.336s (-9.4% 🟢)2.028s (+1.1%)0.691s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (-11.1% 🟢)2.006s (-1.2%)0.620s451.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.470s (+6.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.536s451.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.703s (+30.7% 🔺)12.876s (+28.7% 🔺)2.173s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.401s (-5.8% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.608s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.575s (-3.0%)3.111s (-0.8%)0.536s391.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.611s (-0.9%)3.058s (~)0.447s401.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.936s (-8.4% 🟢)3.341s (-16.0% 🟢)0.405s361.22x
💻 LocalExpress3.060s (-5.9% 🟢)3.538s (-11.8% 🟢)0.478s341.27x
💻 LocalNitro3.256s (+8.6% 🔺)3.913s (+13.9% 🔺)0.657s311.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.058s (+60.9% 🔺)28.102s (+52.7% 🔺)2.044s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.166s (-7.4% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.841s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.194s (-8.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.813s601.17x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.219s (~)1.006s (~)0.787s601.32x
💻 LocalExpress0.446s (+30.6% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.559s602.69x
💻 LocalNitro0.479s (+42.0% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.526s602.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.528s (-12.7% 🟢)1.021s (+1.6%)0.492s593.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.110s (+60.3% 🔺)4.313s (+45.0% 🔺)2.202s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.254s (-5.2% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.753s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-4.3%)1.030s (+2.3%)0.721s881.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.322s (~)1.006s (~)0.684s901.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.059s (+5.3% 🔺)2.608s (+5.7% 🔺)0.549s358.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (+7.3% 🔺)2.766s (+12.1% 🔺)0.593s338.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.278s (-14.6% 🟢)2.944s (-4.3%)0.665s318.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.456s (+54.2% 🔺)5.523s (+31.9% 🔺)2.066s171.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.441s (-8.4% 🟢)3.035s (~)2.593s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.451s (-14.1% 🟢)1.088s (+3.7%)0.637s1111.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.539s (+9.4% 🔺)1.138s (+12.2% 🔺)0.599s1071.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9.118s (-9.4% 🟢)9.791s (-11.9% 🟢)0.673s1320.66x
💻 LocalExpress9.412s (-3.8%)10.359s (-2.4%)0.947s1221.32x
💻 LocalNitro9.838s (+5.2% 🔺)10.865s (+7.5% 🔺)1.028s1222.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.015s (+69.7% 🔺)8.610s (+58.9% 🔺)2.595s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.109s (-3.8%)1.975s (-1.4%)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.905s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.145s (-2.2%)2.000s (~)0.001s (+8.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.151s (-1.5%)1.999s (~)0.001s (-47.4% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.859s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (~)2.004s (~)0.012s (+28.3% 🔺)2.019s (~)0.865s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (-1.5%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-18.7% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.860s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.167s (-1.0%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)2.011s (~)0.845s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.341s (+11.0% 🔺)3.521s (+4.1%)3.097s (+86.6% 🔺)7.328s (+32.3% 🔺)4.987s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.449s (-10.5% 🟢)1.977s (-1.6%)0.010s (-22.5% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.571s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.521s (-4.0%)2.010s (~)0.012s (-2.7%)2.024s (~)0.504s301.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.529s (-4.4%)2.010s (~)0.005s (-6.8% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.494s301.06x
💻 LocalNitro1.558s (-1.3%)2.011s (~)0.013s (+8.3% 🔺)2.027s (~)0.468s301.08x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.563s (-4.8%)2.007s (-1.5%)0.004s (-10.1% 🟢)2.025s (-1.6%)0.462s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.626s (+2.5%)2.037s (+1.6%)0.005s (-3.4%)2.059s (+1.7%)0.433s301.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)8.526s (+43.5% 🔺)10.492s (+38.1% 🔺)0.589s (+78.5% 🔺)11.690s (+38.1% 🔺)3.164s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.782s (+2.4%)1.066s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.079s (~)0.297s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.794s (+3.3%)1.065s (-3.6%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.101s (-1.5%)0.307s551.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.883s (+15.9% 🔺)1.245s (+14.5% 🔺)0.000s (+16.3% 🔺)1.256s (+14.6% 🔺)0.373s491.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s (-23.7% 🟢)1.779s (-11.5% 🟢)0.000s (-21.6% 🟢)1.807s (-10.3% 🟢)0.702s341.41x
💻 LocalExpress1.207s (-8.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.810s301.54x
💻 LocalNitro1.272s (-6.8% 🟢)1.981s (-1.6%)0.001s (+45.2% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.711s311.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.889s (+15.6% 🔺)6.221s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.822s (~)1.933s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.530s (~)2.139s (+1.8%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.184s (+1.5%)0.654s281.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.679s (+1.5%)2.306s (+4.1%)0.000s (+211.5% 🔺)2.338s (+4.8%)0.659s261.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.333s (+22.2% 🔺)2.859s (+12.4% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.866s (+12.4% 🔺)0.533s211.53x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.716s (-34.0% 🟢)3.256s (-29.2% 🟢)0.000s (-75.4% 🟢)3.292s (-28.6% 🟢)0.576s191.78x
💻 LocalExpress3.117s (-14.4% 🟢)3.670s (-13.2% 🟢)0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)3.678s (-13.1% 🟢)0.561s172.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.674s (+5.0%)4.294s (+8.4% 🔺)0.001s (+18.5% 🔺)4.298s (+8.2% 🔺)0.624s152.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.455s (+21.9% 🔺)7.884s (+16.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)8.591s (+17.4% 🔺)2.136s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)19/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14/21
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

The abortFromStep E2E flake had a second, dominant cause beyond the
suspension-gate race: a step that aborts a controller records the
durable hook_received event via an op that was flushed in the
*background* (safeWaitUntil), not awaited before step_completed. So the
workflow continuation enqueued by step_completed could run — resolving
Promise.all and dispatching a later step with the controller.signal —
before hook_received existed, serializing a stale aborted=false signal.
Add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for ops that must be
durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort hook resume
there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops), and
await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step
handler and the inline step executor. Combined with the pendingDeliveries
suspension-gate fix, the workflow continuation now both has the
hook_received in its log and waits for its hydration before serializing
downstream step arguments.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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No backport to stable for 6de5ea5 (AI decision).

This fix targets the workflow-level AbortController feature (abort-from-step), which does not exist on stable: I verified that createCreateAbortController, reviveAbortController, the ABORT_HOOK_TOKEN/ABORT_STREAM_NAME symbols, the preCompletionOps concept, and the touched files packages/core/src/workflow/abort-controller.ts and packages/core/src/runtime/step-executor.ts are all absent on stable. Even the pendingDeliveries change (a counter that does exist on stable) is wired specifically to the main-only abort-delivery path, so the entire commit builds on main-only behavior and the bug it fixes cannot occur on stable.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

6de5ea5c2f32b474274f5dabe5f3663e03622ac5

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) - #2412

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VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering
Jun 22, 2026
Merged

[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake)#2412
VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented Jun 14, 2026

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Problem

The E2E test abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step flakes with stepSawAborted === false. The workflow aborts a controller from one step (abortFromStep), then — after the parallel work settles — passes controller.signal to a subsequent step (checkSignalState), which reads aborted: false. (workflowAborted and the in-flight sibling's stream-based cancel are unaffected, which is the tell.)

Root cause (two parts)

When a step aborts a controller, the abort is reflected into the workflow VM via a hook_received event. Two independent ordering gaps let checkSignalState serialize a stale, non-aborted signal:

  1. Durable abort flushed in the background. The step-side abort() records the durable hook_received event via an op pushed into ctx.ops, which is flushed in the background (safeWaitUntil) — not awaited before step_completed is written or before the workflow continuation is enqueued. So the continuation can resolve Promise.all and dispatch checkSignalStatebefore hook_received exists. This is the dominant cause.

  2. Suspension gate ignored the abort delivery. Even when hook_received is in the log, the consumer's _setAborted is deferred behind await hydrateStepReturnValue(...) (async reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue. Step-result and hook-payload deliveries bump ctx.pendingDeliveries so the suspension handler waits for them before dehydrating the next step's arguments; the abort delivery did not, so the suspension could serialize checkSignalState's signal before the abort landed.

Fix

  • Ordering: add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for operations that must be durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort's hook resume there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops, since it must reach the in-flight sibling ASAP). Await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step handler and the inline step executor.
  • Suspension gate: bump ctx.pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits for _setAborted before dehydrating downstream step arguments.

Together: the continuation now both has hook_received in its event log and waits for its hydration before serializing the next step's signal.

Tests

  • abort-replay-ordering.test.ts — injects hydration latency past a macrotask; asserts the suspension/idle gate only fires once the signal has aborted, and the in-flight abort is counted as a pending delivery.
  • abort-controller-step.test.ts — new test exercising the realreviveAbortController via hydrateStepArguments; asserts the durable hook resume is routed to preCompletionOps (not the background ops) and fires with the correct payload when that bucket is drained.

Both fail against the pre-fix code and pass with the fix. Existing abort/step/suspension/workflow suites pass (542 tests in the runtime+workflow sweep).

An AbortController aborted from a step is reflected into the workflow VM
via a hook_received event, but _setAborted was deferred behind an async
hydrateStepReturnValue (reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue.
Unlike step-result and hook-payload deliveries, the abort delivery did
not participate in ctx.pendingDeliveries, so scheduleWhenIdle (which the
suspension handler uses to gate dehydration of queued step arguments)
could fire while the abort was still in flight. A step dispatched right
after the abort that received controller.signal then had its arguments
serialized with aborted=false.
Bump pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits
for _setAborted to land, matching the existing step/hook-payload pattern.
This fixes the intermittent abortFromStepWorkflow E2E failure
(stepSawAborted=false).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9519bb3

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
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✅ 📋 Other
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✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.041s (-15.6% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.964s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.044s (+7.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+14.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.958s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s (-3.8%)1.012s (~)0.956s101.37x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.062s (-1.9%)1.011s (~)0.949s101.53x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.075s (+21.2% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.938s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.342s (+5.6% 🔺)2.612s (-6.4% 🟢)2.271s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.069s (-2.1%)2.005s (~)0.936s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.077s (-2.1%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.081s (-0.7%)2.006s (~)0.926s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.088s (-1.3%)2.009s (~)0.922s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.092s (-1.0%)2.010s (~)0.918s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.096s (-0.6%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.725s (+9.3% 🔺)3.707s (~)1.982s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.355s (-1.8%)11.020s (~)0.665s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.432s (-0.8%)11.023s (~)0.591s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.450s (-0.6%)11.022s (~)0.572s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.461s (-0.8%)11.017s (~)0.556s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.478s (-0.6%)11.023s (~)0.544s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.478s (-0.9%)11.020s (~)0.541s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)12.820s (-2.8%)14.343s (-6.7% 🟢)1.523s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.387s (-2.3%)14.025s (~)0.638s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.546s (-3.2%)14.027s (-1.4%)0.482s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.553s (-0.9%)14.027s (~)0.474s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.674s (-1.7%)14.023s (~)0.349s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.701s (-0.6%)14.019s (~)0.318s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.717s (-1.4%)14.019s (~)0.301s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.148s (+1.0%)22.128s (~)1.980s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)11.718s (-5.9% 🟢)12.021s (-7.7% 🟢)0.303s81.00x
💻 LocalExpress12.016s (-4.6%)12.272s (-5.8% 🟢)0.256s81.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.162s (-1.1%)13.025s (~)0.862s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.170s (-2.9%)13.015s (~)0.845s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.224s (-1.9%)13.016s (~)0.791s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (~)13.020s (~)0.674s71.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)25.164s (~)27.638s (+0.7%)2.474s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.166s (-1.8%)2.008s (~)0.842s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.179s (-1.4%)2.008s (~)0.828s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.195s (+3.2%)2.008s (~)0.813s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.306s (-5.0% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.700s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (+12.6% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.620s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.399s (+16.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.607s151.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.999s (+15.7% 🔺)4.893s (+10.5% 🔺)1.894s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.275s (+1.9%)3.009s (+50.0% 🔺)1.733s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.317s (+0.7%)2.591s (+24.9% 🔺)1.274s121.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.352s (+6.6% 🔺)2.592s (+29.1% 🔺)1.240s121.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.102s (-10.3% 🟢)2.734s (-6.3% 🟢)0.632s111.65x
💻 LocalNitro2.405s (+19.4% 🔺)3.010s (+20.1% 🔺)0.604s101.89x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (+20.1% 🔺)2.917s (+16.3% 🔺)0.474s111.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.302s (+35.0% 🔺)6.233s (+21.6% 🔺)1.931s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.567s (+8.1% 🔺)4.138s (+12.5% 🔺)2.571s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.616s (-2.5%)4.012s (+6.6% 🔺)2.396s81.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s (+85.3% 🔺)5.347s (+37.6% 🔺)2.601s61.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.971s (-40.6% 🟢)4.384s (-40.9% 🟢)0.414s82.53x
💻 LocalExpress5.458s (-5.4% 🟢)6.214s (-3.1%)0.756s53.48x
💻 LocalNitro6.359s (+41.9% 🔺)7.220s (+44.1% 🔺)0.861s54.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.167s (+47.5% 🔺)7.657s (+40.9% 🔺)2.489s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.175s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.187s (-0.7%)2.008s (~)0.821s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.191s (+1.5%)2.008s (~)0.817s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.319s (-2.4%)2.005s (~)0.687s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.339s (+8.8% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.668s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.442s (+17.3% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.565s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.744s (+28.3% 🔺)4.770s (+17.6% 🔺)2.026s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s (+0.6%)2.826s (+36.2% 🔺)1.555s111.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.321s (+3.6%)2.593s (+29.1% 🔺)1.272s121.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+2.9%)2.471s (+23.1% 🔺)1.138s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.260s (-6.5% 🟢)2.923s (~)0.663s111.78x
💻 LocalExpress2.548s (+25.0% 🔺)3.110s (+13.6% 🔺)0.562s102.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.595s (+29.1% 🔺)3.110s (+34.4% 🔺)0.515s102.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.021s (+88.5% 🔺)6.686s (+60.6% 🔺)1.665s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.606s (+10.3% 🔺)4.011s (+6.7% 🔺)2.405s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.615s (+12.9% 🔺)4.010s (+6.6% 🔺)2.394s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.605s (+77.3% 🔺)5.681s (+46.2% 🔺)3.076s61.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.107s (-39.5% 🟢)4.726s (-37.1% 🟢)0.620s72.56x
💻 LocalExpress5.927s (-0.6%)6.620s (-2.9%)0.694s53.69x
💻 LocalNitro8.170s (+65.3% 🔺)8.770s (+59.1% 🔺)0.599s45.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.790s (+75.1% 🔺)8.242s (+56.8% 🔺)2.453s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s (-13.5% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.517s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.508s (-17.0% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.496s601.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.529s (-5.9% 🟢)1.006s (-1.6%)0.478s601.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.535s (-7.1% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.471s601.09x
💻 LocalExpress0.550s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.455s601.12x
💻 LocalNitro0.647s (+13.4% 🔺)1.058s (+3.5%)0.411s571.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.870s (+17.8% 🔺)6.767s (+8.4% 🔺)1.898s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.228s (-3.7%)2.008s (~)0.780s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.275s (~)2.008s (~)0.733s451.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.329s (~)2.030s (+1.1%)0.701s451.08x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.336s (-9.4% 🟢)2.028s (+1.1%)0.691s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (-11.1% 🟢)2.006s (-1.2%)0.620s451.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.470s (+6.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.536s451.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.703s (+30.7% 🔺)12.876s (+28.7% 🔺)2.173s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.401s (-5.8% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.608s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.575s (-3.0%)3.111s (-0.8%)0.536s391.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.611s (-0.9%)3.058s (~)0.447s401.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.936s (-8.4% 🟢)3.341s (-16.0% 🟢)0.405s361.22x
💻 LocalExpress3.060s (-5.9% 🟢)3.538s (-11.8% 🟢)0.478s341.27x
💻 LocalNitro3.256s (+8.6% 🔺)3.913s (+13.9% 🔺)0.657s311.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.058s (+60.9% 🔺)28.102s (+52.7% 🔺)2.044s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.166s (-7.4% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.841s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.194s (-8.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.813s601.17x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.219s (~)1.006s (~)0.787s601.32x
💻 LocalExpress0.446s (+30.6% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.559s602.69x
💻 LocalNitro0.479s (+42.0% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.526s602.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.528s (-12.7% 🟢)1.021s (+1.6%)0.492s593.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.110s (+60.3% 🔺)4.313s (+45.0% 🔺)2.202s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.254s (-5.2% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.753s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-4.3%)1.030s (+2.3%)0.721s881.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.322s (~)1.006s (~)0.684s901.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.059s (+5.3% 🔺)2.608s (+5.7% 🔺)0.549s358.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (+7.3% 🔺)2.766s (+12.1% 🔺)0.593s338.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.278s (-14.6% 🟢)2.944s (-4.3%)0.665s318.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.456s (+54.2% 🔺)5.523s (+31.9% 🔺)2.066s171.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.441s (-8.4% 🟢)3.035s (~)2.593s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.451s (-14.1% 🟢)1.088s (+3.7%)0.637s1111.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.539s (+9.4% 🔺)1.138s (+12.2% 🔺)0.599s1071.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9.118s (-9.4% 🟢)9.791s (-11.9% 🟢)0.673s1320.66x
💻 LocalExpress9.412s (-3.8%)10.359s (-2.4%)0.947s1221.32x
💻 LocalNitro9.838s (+5.2% 🔺)10.865s (+7.5% 🔺)1.028s1222.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.015s (+69.7% 🔺)8.610s (+58.9% 🔺)2.595s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.109s (-3.8%)1.975s (-1.4%)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.905s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.145s (-2.2%)2.000s (~)0.001s (+8.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.151s (-1.5%)1.999s (~)0.001s (-47.4% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.859s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (~)2.004s (~)0.012s (+28.3% 🔺)2.019s (~)0.865s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (-1.5%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-18.7% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.860s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.167s (-1.0%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)2.011s (~)0.845s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.341s (+11.0% 🔺)3.521s (+4.1%)3.097s (+86.6% 🔺)7.328s (+32.3% 🔺)4.987s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.449s (-10.5% 🟢)1.977s (-1.6%)0.010s (-22.5% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.571s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.521s (-4.0%)2.010s (~)0.012s (-2.7%)2.024s (~)0.504s301.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.529s (-4.4%)2.010s (~)0.005s (-6.8% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.494s301.06x
💻 LocalNitro1.558s (-1.3%)2.011s (~)0.013s (+8.3% 🔺)2.027s (~)0.468s301.08x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.563s (-4.8%)2.007s (-1.5%)0.004s (-10.1% 🟢)2.025s (-1.6%)0.462s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.626s (+2.5%)2.037s (+1.6%)0.005s (-3.4%)2.059s (+1.7%)0.433s301.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)8.526s (+43.5% 🔺)10.492s (+38.1% 🔺)0.589s (+78.5% 🔺)11.690s (+38.1% 🔺)3.164s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.782s (+2.4%)1.066s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.079s (~)0.297s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.794s (+3.3%)1.065s (-3.6%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.101s (-1.5%)0.307s551.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.883s (+15.9% 🔺)1.245s (+14.5% 🔺)0.000s (+16.3% 🔺)1.256s (+14.6% 🔺)0.373s491.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s (-23.7% 🟢)1.779s (-11.5% 🟢)0.000s (-21.6% 🟢)1.807s (-10.3% 🟢)0.702s341.41x
💻 LocalExpress1.207s (-8.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.810s301.54x
💻 LocalNitro1.272s (-6.8% 🟢)1.981s (-1.6%)0.001s (+45.2% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.711s311.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.889s (+15.6% 🔺)6.221s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.822s (~)1.933s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.530s (~)2.139s (+1.8%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.184s (+1.5%)0.654s281.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.679s (+1.5%)2.306s (+4.1%)0.000s (+211.5% 🔺)2.338s (+4.8%)0.659s261.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.333s (+22.2% 🔺)2.859s (+12.4% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.866s (+12.4% 🔺)0.533s211.53x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.716s (-34.0% 🟢)3.256s (-29.2% 🟢)0.000s (-75.4% 🟢)3.292s (-28.6% 🟢)0.576s191.78x
💻 LocalExpress3.117s (-14.4% 🟢)3.670s (-13.2% 🟢)0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)3.678s (-13.1% 🟢)0.561s172.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.674s (+5.0%)4.294s (+8.4% 🔺)0.001s (+18.5% 🔺)4.298s (+8.2% 🔺)0.624s152.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.455s (+21.9% 🔺)7.884s (+16.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)8.591s (+17.4% 🔺)2.136s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)19/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14/21
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

The abortFromStep E2E flake had a second, dominant cause beyond the
suspension-gate race: a step that aborts a controller records the
durable hook_received event via an op that was flushed in the
*background* (safeWaitUntil), not awaited before step_completed. So the
workflow continuation enqueued by step_completed could run — resolving
Promise.all and dispatching a later step with the controller.signal —
before hook_received existed, serializing a stale aborted=false signal.
Add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for ops that must be
durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort hook resume
there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops), and
await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step
handler and the inline step executor. Combined with the pendingDeliveries
suspension-gate fix, the workflow continuation now both has the
hook_received in its log and waits for its hydration before serializing
downstream step arguments.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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No backport to stable for 6de5ea5 (AI decision).

This fix targets the workflow-level AbortController feature (abort-from-step), which does not exist on stable: I verified that createCreateAbortController, reviveAbortController, the ABORT_HOOK_TOKEN/ABORT_STREAM_NAME symbols, the preCompletionOps concept, and the touched files packages/core/src/workflow/abort-controller.ts and packages/core/src/runtime/step-executor.ts are all absent on stable. Even the pendingDeliveries change (a counter that does exist on stable) is wired specifically to the main-only abort-delivery path, so the entire commit builds on main-only behavior and the bug it fixes cannot occur on stable.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

6de5ea5c2f32b474274f5dabe5f3663e03622ac5

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page (function() { var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid', 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign']; function cleanUrl(url) { try { var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin); var changed = false; trackingParams.forEach(function(p) { if (u.searchParams.has(p)) { u.searchParams.delete(p); changed = true; } }); return changed ? u.toString() : url; } catch (e) { return url; } } function cleanLinks() { document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } cleanLinks(); var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(m) { m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) { if (node.nodeType === 1) { if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks(); node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) { var clean = cleanUrl(a.href); if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean; }); } }); }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + ' [core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2412 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) - #2412

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VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering
Jun 22, 2026
Merged

[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake)#2412
VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented Jun 14, 2026

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Problem

The E2E test abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step flakes with stepSawAborted === false. The workflow aborts a controller from one step (abortFromStep), then — after the parallel work settles — passes controller.signal to a subsequent step (checkSignalState), which reads aborted: false. (workflowAborted and the in-flight sibling's stream-based cancel are unaffected, which is the tell.)

Root cause (two parts)

When a step aborts a controller, the abort is reflected into the workflow VM via a hook_received event. Two independent ordering gaps let checkSignalState serialize a stale, non-aborted signal:

  1. Durable abort flushed in the background. The step-side abort() records the durable hook_received event via an op pushed into ctx.ops, which is flushed in the background (safeWaitUntil) — not awaited before step_completed is written or before the workflow continuation is enqueued. So the continuation can resolve Promise.all and dispatch checkSignalStatebefore hook_received exists. This is the dominant cause.

  2. Suspension gate ignored the abort delivery. Even when hook_received is in the log, the consumer's _setAborted is deferred behind await hydrateStepReturnValue(...) (async reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue. Step-result and hook-payload deliveries bump ctx.pendingDeliveries so the suspension handler waits for them before dehydrating the next step's arguments; the abort delivery did not, so the suspension could serialize checkSignalState's signal before the abort landed.

Fix

  • Ordering: add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for operations that must be durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort's hook resume there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops, since it must reach the in-flight sibling ASAP). Await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step handler and the inline step executor.
  • Suspension gate: bump ctx.pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits for _setAborted before dehydrating downstream step arguments.

Together: the continuation now both has hook_received in its event log and waits for its hydration before serializing the next step's signal.

Tests

  • abort-replay-ordering.test.ts — injects hydration latency past a macrotask; asserts the suspension/idle gate only fires once the signal has aborted, and the in-flight abort is counted as a pending delivery.
  • abort-controller-step.test.ts — new test exercising the realreviveAbortController via hydrateStepArguments; asserts the durable hook resume is routed to preCompletionOps (not the background ops) and fires with the correct payload when that bucket is drained.

Both fail against the pre-fix code and pass with the fix. Existing abort/step/suspension/workflow suites pass (542 tests in the runtime+workflow sweep).

An AbortController aborted from a step is reflected into the workflow VM
via a hook_received event, but _setAborted was deferred behind an async
hydrateStepReturnValue (reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue.
Unlike step-result and hook-payload deliveries, the abort delivery did
not participate in ctx.pendingDeliveries, so scheduleWhenIdle (which the
suspension handler uses to gate dehydration of queued step arguments)
could fire while the abort was still in flight. A step dispatched right
after the abort that received controller.signal then had its arguments
serialized with aborted=false.
Bump pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits
for _setAborted to land, matching the existing step/hook-payload pattern.
This fixes the intermittent abortFromStepWorkflow E2E failure
(stepSawAborted=false).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9519bb3

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.041s (-15.6% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.964s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.044s (+7.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+14.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.958s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s (-3.8%)1.012s (~)0.956s101.37x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.062s (-1.9%)1.011s (~)0.949s101.53x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.075s (+21.2% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.938s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.342s (+5.6% 🔺)2.612s (-6.4% 🟢)2.271s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.069s (-2.1%)2.005s (~)0.936s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.077s (-2.1%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.081s (-0.7%)2.006s (~)0.926s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.088s (-1.3%)2.009s (~)0.922s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.092s (-1.0%)2.010s (~)0.918s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.096s (-0.6%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.725s (+9.3% 🔺)3.707s (~)1.982s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.355s (-1.8%)11.020s (~)0.665s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.432s (-0.8%)11.023s (~)0.591s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.450s (-0.6%)11.022s (~)0.572s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.461s (-0.8%)11.017s (~)0.556s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.478s (-0.6%)11.023s (~)0.544s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.478s (-0.9%)11.020s (~)0.541s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)12.820s (-2.8%)14.343s (-6.7% 🟢)1.523s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.387s (-2.3%)14.025s (~)0.638s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.546s (-3.2%)14.027s (-1.4%)0.482s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.553s (-0.9%)14.027s (~)0.474s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.674s (-1.7%)14.023s (~)0.349s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.701s (-0.6%)14.019s (~)0.318s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.717s (-1.4%)14.019s (~)0.301s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.148s (+1.0%)22.128s (~)1.980s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)11.718s (-5.9% 🟢)12.021s (-7.7% 🟢)0.303s81.00x
💻 LocalExpress12.016s (-4.6%)12.272s (-5.8% 🟢)0.256s81.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.162s (-1.1%)13.025s (~)0.862s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.170s (-2.9%)13.015s (~)0.845s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.224s (-1.9%)13.016s (~)0.791s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (~)13.020s (~)0.674s71.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)25.164s (~)27.638s (+0.7%)2.474s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.166s (-1.8%)2.008s (~)0.842s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.179s (-1.4%)2.008s (~)0.828s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.195s (+3.2%)2.008s (~)0.813s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.306s (-5.0% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.700s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (+12.6% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.620s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.399s (+16.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.607s151.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.999s (+15.7% 🔺)4.893s (+10.5% 🔺)1.894s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.275s (+1.9%)3.009s (+50.0% 🔺)1.733s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.317s (+0.7%)2.591s (+24.9% 🔺)1.274s121.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.352s (+6.6% 🔺)2.592s (+29.1% 🔺)1.240s121.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.102s (-10.3% 🟢)2.734s (-6.3% 🟢)0.632s111.65x
💻 LocalNitro2.405s (+19.4% 🔺)3.010s (+20.1% 🔺)0.604s101.89x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (+20.1% 🔺)2.917s (+16.3% 🔺)0.474s111.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.302s (+35.0% 🔺)6.233s (+21.6% 🔺)1.931s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.567s (+8.1% 🔺)4.138s (+12.5% 🔺)2.571s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.616s (-2.5%)4.012s (+6.6% 🔺)2.396s81.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s (+85.3% 🔺)5.347s (+37.6% 🔺)2.601s61.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.971s (-40.6% 🟢)4.384s (-40.9% 🟢)0.414s82.53x
💻 LocalExpress5.458s (-5.4% 🟢)6.214s (-3.1%)0.756s53.48x
💻 LocalNitro6.359s (+41.9% 🔺)7.220s (+44.1% 🔺)0.861s54.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.167s (+47.5% 🔺)7.657s (+40.9% 🔺)2.489s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.175s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.187s (-0.7%)2.008s (~)0.821s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.191s (+1.5%)2.008s (~)0.817s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.319s (-2.4%)2.005s (~)0.687s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.339s (+8.8% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.668s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.442s (+17.3% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.565s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.744s (+28.3% 🔺)4.770s (+17.6% 🔺)2.026s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s (+0.6%)2.826s (+36.2% 🔺)1.555s111.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.321s (+3.6%)2.593s (+29.1% 🔺)1.272s121.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+2.9%)2.471s (+23.1% 🔺)1.138s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.260s (-6.5% 🟢)2.923s (~)0.663s111.78x
💻 LocalExpress2.548s (+25.0% 🔺)3.110s (+13.6% 🔺)0.562s102.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.595s (+29.1% 🔺)3.110s (+34.4% 🔺)0.515s102.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.021s (+88.5% 🔺)6.686s (+60.6% 🔺)1.665s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.606s (+10.3% 🔺)4.011s (+6.7% 🔺)2.405s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.615s (+12.9% 🔺)4.010s (+6.6% 🔺)2.394s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.605s (+77.3% 🔺)5.681s (+46.2% 🔺)3.076s61.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.107s (-39.5% 🟢)4.726s (-37.1% 🟢)0.620s72.56x
💻 LocalExpress5.927s (-0.6%)6.620s (-2.9%)0.694s53.69x
💻 LocalNitro8.170s (+65.3% 🔺)8.770s (+59.1% 🔺)0.599s45.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.790s (+75.1% 🔺)8.242s (+56.8% 🔺)2.453s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s (-13.5% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.517s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.508s (-17.0% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.496s601.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.529s (-5.9% 🟢)1.006s (-1.6%)0.478s601.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.535s (-7.1% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.471s601.09x
💻 LocalExpress0.550s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.455s601.12x
💻 LocalNitro0.647s (+13.4% 🔺)1.058s (+3.5%)0.411s571.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.870s (+17.8% 🔺)6.767s (+8.4% 🔺)1.898s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.228s (-3.7%)2.008s (~)0.780s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.275s (~)2.008s (~)0.733s451.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.329s (~)2.030s (+1.1%)0.701s451.08x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.336s (-9.4% 🟢)2.028s (+1.1%)0.691s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (-11.1% 🟢)2.006s (-1.2%)0.620s451.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.470s (+6.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.536s451.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.703s (+30.7% 🔺)12.876s (+28.7% 🔺)2.173s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.401s (-5.8% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.608s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.575s (-3.0%)3.111s (-0.8%)0.536s391.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.611s (-0.9%)3.058s (~)0.447s401.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.936s (-8.4% 🟢)3.341s (-16.0% 🟢)0.405s361.22x
💻 LocalExpress3.060s (-5.9% 🟢)3.538s (-11.8% 🟢)0.478s341.27x
💻 LocalNitro3.256s (+8.6% 🔺)3.913s (+13.9% 🔺)0.657s311.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.058s (+60.9% 🔺)28.102s (+52.7% 🔺)2.044s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.166s (-7.4% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.841s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.194s (-8.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.813s601.17x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.219s (~)1.006s (~)0.787s601.32x
💻 LocalExpress0.446s (+30.6% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.559s602.69x
💻 LocalNitro0.479s (+42.0% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.526s602.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.528s (-12.7% 🟢)1.021s (+1.6%)0.492s593.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.110s (+60.3% 🔺)4.313s (+45.0% 🔺)2.202s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.254s (-5.2% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.753s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-4.3%)1.030s (+2.3%)0.721s881.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.322s (~)1.006s (~)0.684s901.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.059s (+5.3% 🔺)2.608s (+5.7% 🔺)0.549s358.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (+7.3% 🔺)2.766s (+12.1% 🔺)0.593s338.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.278s (-14.6% 🟢)2.944s (-4.3%)0.665s318.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.456s (+54.2% 🔺)5.523s (+31.9% 🔺)2.066s171.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.441s (-8.4% 🟢)3.035s (~)2.593s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.451s (-14.1% 🟢)1.088s (+3.7%)0.637s1111.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.539s (+9.4% 🔺)1.138s (+12.2% 🔺)0.599s1071.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9.118s (-9.4% 🟢)9.791s (-11.9% 🟢)0.673s1320.66x
💻 LocalExpress9.412s (-3.8%)10.359s (-2.4%)0.947s1221.32x
💻 LocalNitro9.838s (+5.2% 🔺)10.865s (+7.5% 🔺)1.028s1222.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.015s (+69.7% 🔺)8.610s (+58.9% 🔺)2.595s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.109s (-3.8%)1.975s (-1.4%)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.905s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.145s (-2.2%)2.000s (~)0.001s (+8.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.151s (-1.5%)1.999s (~)0.001s (-47.4% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.859s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (~)2.004s (~)0.012s (+28.3% 🔺)2.019s (~)0.865s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (-1.5%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-18.7% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.860s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.167s (-1.0%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)2.011s (~)0.845s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.341s (+11.0% 🔺)3.521s (+4.1%)3.097s (+86.6% 🔺)7.328s (+32.3% 🔺)4.987s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.449s (-10.5% 🟢)1.977s (-1.6%)0.010s (-22.5% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.571s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.521s (-4.0%)2.010s (~)0.012s (-2.7%)2.024s (~)0.504s301.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.529s (-4.4%)2.010s (~)0.005s (-6.8% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.494s301.06x
💻 LocalNitro1.558s (-1.3%)2.011s (~)0.013s (+8.3% 🔺)2.027s (~)0.468s301.08x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.563s (-4.8%)2.007s (-1.5%)0.004s (-10.1% 🟢)2.025s (-1.6%)0.462s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.626s (+2.5%)2.037s (+1.6%)0.005s (-3.4%)2.059s (+1.7%)0.433s301.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)8.526s (+43.5% 🔺)10.492s (+38.1% 🔺)0.589s (+78.5% 🔺)11.690s (+38.1% 🔺)3.164s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.782s (+2.4%)1.066s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.079s (~)0.297s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.794s (+3.3%)1.065s (-3.6%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.101s (-1.5%)0.307s551.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.883s (+15.9% 🔺)1.245s (+14.5% 🔺)0.000s (+16.3% 🔺)1.256s (+14.6% 🔺)0.373s491.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s (-23.7% 🟢)1.779s (-11.5% 🟢)0.000s (-21.6% 🟢)1.807s (-10.3% 🟢)0.702s341.41x
💻 LocalExpress1.207s (-8.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.810s301.54x
💻 LocalNitro1.272s (-6.8% 🟢)1.981s (-1.6%)0.001s (+45.2% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.711s311.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.889s (+15.6% 🔺)6.221s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.822s (~)1.933s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.530s (~)2.139s (+1.8%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.184s (+1.5%)0.654s281.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.679s (+1.5%)2.306s (+4.1%)0.000s (+211.5% 🔺)2.338s (+4.8%)0.659s261.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.333s (+22.2% 🔺)2.859s (+12.4% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.866s (+12.4% 🔺)0.533s211.53x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.716s (-34.0% 🟢)3.256s (-29.2% 🟢)0.000s (-75.4% 🟢)3.292s (-28.6% 🟢)0.576s191.78x
💻 LocalExpress3.117s (-14.4% 🟢)3.670s (-13.2% 🟢)0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)3.678s (-13.1% 🟢)0.561s172.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.674s (+5.0%)4.294s (+8.4% 🔺)0.001s (+18.5% 🔺)4.298s (+8.2% 🔺)0.624s152.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.455s (+21.9% 🔺)7.884s (+16.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)8.591s (+17.4% 🔺)2.136s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)19/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14/21
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

The abortFromStep E2E flake had a second, dominant cause beyond the
suspension-gate race: a step that aborts a controller records the
durable hook_received event via an op that was flushed in the
*background* (safeWaitUntil), not awaited before step_completed. So the
workflow continuation enqueued by step_completed could run — resolving
Promise.all and dispatching a later step with the controller.signal —
before hook_received existed, serializing a stale aborted=false signal.
Add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for ops that must be
durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort hook resume
there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops), and
await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step
handler and the inline step executor. Combined with the pendingDeliveries
suspension-gate fix, the workflow continuation now both has the
hook_received in its log and waits for its hydration before serializing
downstream step arguments.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@github-actions

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No backport to stable for 6de5ea5 (AI decision).

This fix targets the workflow-level AbortController feature (abort-from-step), which does not exist on stable: I verified that createCreateAbortController, reviveAbortController, the ABORT_HOOK_TOKEN/ABORT_STREAM_NAME symbols, the preCompletionOps concept, and the touched files packages/core/src/workflow/abort-controller.ts and packages/core/src/runtime/step-executor.ts are all absent on stable. Even the pendingDeliveries change (a counter that does exist on stable) is wired specifically to the main-only abort-delivery path, so the entire commit builds on main-only behavior and the bug it fixes cannot occur on stable.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

6de5ea5c2f32b474274f5dabe5f3663e03622ac5

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Auto-enable theater mode on YouTube (function() { function tryTheater() { var btn = document.querySelector('button[aria-label="Theater mode"], ytd-player #player button[title="Theater mode"]'); if (btn && !btn.classList.contains('activated')) { btn.click(); } } // Try immediately tryTheater(); // Try after navigation (SPA) var lastUrl = location.href; setInterval(function() { if (location.href !== lastUrl) { lastUrl = location.href; setTimeout(tryTheater, 500); } }, 1000); // Also try on player load var observer = new MutationObserver(tryTheater); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:YouTube Theater Mode Default]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + ' [core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2412 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) - #2412

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VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
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peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering
Jun 22, 2026
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake)#2412
VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented Jun 14, 2026

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Problem

The E2E test abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step flakes with stepSawAborted === false. The workflow aborts a controller from one step (abortFromStep), then — after the parallel work settles — passes controller.signal to a subsequent step (checkSignalState), which reads aborted: false. (workflowAborted and the in-flight sibling's stream-based cancel are unaffected, which is the tell.)

Root cause (two parts)

When a step aborts a controller, the abort is reflected into the workflow VM via a hook_received event. Two independent ordering gaps let checkSignalState serialize a stale, non-aborted signal:

  1. Durable abort flushed in the background. The step-side abort() records the durable hook_received event via an op pushed into ctx.ops, which is flushed in the background (safeWaitUntil) — not awaited before step_completed is written or before the workflow continuation is enqueued. So the continuation can resolve Promise.all and dispatch checkSignalStatebefore hook_received exists. This is the dominant cause.

  2. Suspension gate ignored the abort delivery. Even when hook_received is in the log, the consumer's _setAborted is deferred behind await hydrateStepReturnValue(...) (async reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue. Step-result and hook-payload deliveries bump ctx.pendingDeliveries so the suspension handler waits for them before dehydrating the next step's arguments; the abort delivery did not, so the suspension could serialize checkSignalState's signal before the abort landed.

Fix

  • Ordering: add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for operations that must be durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort's hook resume there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops, since it must reach the in-flight sibling ASAP). Await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step handler and the inline step executor.
  • Suspension gate: bump ctx.pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits for _setAborted before dehydrating downstream step arguments.

Together: the continuation now both has hook_received in its event log and waits for its hydration before serializing the next step's signal.

Tests

  • abort-replay-ordering.test.ts — injects hydration latency past a macrotask; asserts the suspension/idle gate only fires once the signal has aborted, and the in-flight abort is counted as a pending delivery.
  • abort-controller-step.test.ts — new test exercising the realreviveAbortController via hydrateStepArguments; asserts the durable hook resume is routed to preCompletionOps (not the background ops) and fires with the correct payload when that bucket is drained.

Both fail against the pre-fix code and pass with the fix. Existing abort/step/suspension/workflow suites pass (542 tests in the runtime+workflow sweep).

An AbortController aborted from a step is reflected into the workflow VM
via a hook_received event, but _setAborted was deferred behind an async
hydrateStepReturnValue (reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue.
Unlike step-result and hook-payload deliveries, the abort delivery did
not participate in ctx.pendingDeliveries, so scheduleWhenIdle (which the
suspension handler uses to gate dehydration of queued step arguments)
could fire while the abort was still in flight. A step dispatched right
after the abort that received controller.signal then had its arguments
serialized with aborted=false.
Bump pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits
for _setAborted to land, matching the existing step/hook-payload pattern.
This fixes the intermittent abortFromStepWorkflow E2E failure
(stepSawAborted=false).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9519bb3

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.041s (-15.6% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.964s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.044s (+7.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+14.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.958s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s (-3.8%)1.012s (~)0.956s101.37x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.062s (-1.9%)1.011s (~)0.949s101.53x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.075s (+21.2% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.938s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.342s (+5.6% 🔺)2.612s (-6.4% 🟢)2.271s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.069s (-2.1%)2.005s (~)0.936s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.077s (-2.1%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.081s (-0.7%)2.006s (~)0.926s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.088s (-1.3%)2.009s (~)0.922s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.092s (-1.0%)2.010s (~)0.918s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.096s (-0.6%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.725s (+9.3% 🔺)3.707s (~)1.982s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.355s (-1.8%)11.020s (~)0.665s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.432s (-0.8%)11.023s (~)0.591s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.450s (-0.6%)11.022s (~)0.572s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.461s (-0.8%)11.017s (~)0.556s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.478s (-0.6%)11.023s (~)0.544s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.478s (-0.9%)11.020s (~)0.541s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)12.820s (-2.8%)14.343s (-6.7% 🟢)1.523s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.387s (-2.3%)14.025s (~)0.638s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.546s (-3.2%)14.027s (-1.4%)0.482s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.553s (-0.9%)14.027s (~)0.474s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.674s (-1.7%)14.023s (~)0.349s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.701s (-0.6%)14.019s (~)0.318s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.717s (-1.4%)14.019s (~)0.301s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.148s (+1.0%)22.128s (~)1.980s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)11.718s (-5.9% 🟢)12.021s (-7.7% 🟢)0.303s81.00x
💻 LocalExpress12.016s (-4.6%)12.272s (-5.8% 🟢)0.256s81.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.162s (-1.1%)13.025s (~)0.862s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.170s (-2.9%)13.015s (~)0.845s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.224s (-1.9%)13.016s (~)0.791s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (~)13.020s (~)0.674s71.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)25.164s (~)27.638s (+0.7%)2.474s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.166s (-1.8%)2.008s (~)0.842s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.179s (-1.4%)2.008s (~)0.828s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.195s (+3.2%)2.008s (~)0.813s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.306s (-5.0% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.700s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (+12.6% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.620s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.399s (+16.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.607s151.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.999s (+15.7% 🔺)4.893s (+10.5% 🔺)1.894s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.275s (+1.9%)3.009s (+50.0% 🔺)1.733s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.317s (+0.7%)2.591s (+24.9% 🔺)1.274s121.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.352s (+6.6% 🔺)2.592s (+29.1% 🔺)1.240s121.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.102s (-10.3% 🟢)2.734s (-6.3% 🟢)0.632s111.65x
💻 LocalNitro2.405s (+19.4% 🔺)3.010s (+20.1% 🔺)0.604s101.89x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (+20.1% 🔺)2.917s (+16.3% 🔺)0.474s111.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.302s (+35.0% 🔺)6.233s (+21.6% 🔺)1.931s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.567s (+8.1% 🔺)4.138s (+12.5% 🔺)2.571s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.616s (-2.5%)4.012s (+6.6% 🔺)2.396s81.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s (+85.3% 🔺)5.347s (+37.6% 🔺)2.601s61.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.971s (-40.6% 🟢)4.384s (-40.9% 🟢)0.414s82.53x
💻 LocalExpress5.458s (-5.4% 🟢)6.214s (-3.1%)0.756s53.48x
💻 LocalNitro6.359s (+41.9% 🔺)7.220s (+44.1% 🔺)0.861s54.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.167s (+47.5% 🔺)7.657s (+40.9% 🔺)2.489s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.175s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.187s (-0.7%)2.008s (~)0.821s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.191s (+1.5%)2.008s (~)0.817s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.319s (-2.4%)2.005s (~)0.687s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.339s (+8.8% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.668s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.442s (+17.3% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.565s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.744s (+28.3% 🔺)4.770s (+17.6% 🔺)2.026s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s (+0.6%)2.826s (+36.2% 🔺)1.555s111.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.321s (+3.6%)2.593s (+29.1% 🔺)1.272s121.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+2.9%)2.471s (+23.1% 🔺)1.138s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.260s (-6.5% 🟢)2.923s (~)0.663s111.78x
💻 LocalExpress2.548s (+25.0% 🔺)3.110s (+13.6% 🔺)0.562s102.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.595s (+29.1% 🔺)3.110s (+34.4% 🔺)0.515s102.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.021s (+88.5% 🔺)6.686s (+60.6% 🔺)1.665s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.606s (+10.3% 🔺)4.011s (+6.7% 🔺)2.405s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.615s (+12.9% 🔺)4.010s (+6.6% 🔺)2.394s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.605s (+77.3% 🔺)5.681s (+46.2% 🔺)3.076s61.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.107s (-39.5% 🟢)4.726s (-37.1% 🟢)0.620s72.56x
💻 LocalExpress5.927s (-0.6%)6.620s (-2.9%)0.694s53.69x
💻 LocalNitro8.170s (+65.3% 🔺)8.770s (+59.1% 🔺)0.599s45.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.790s (+75.1% 🔺)8.242s (+56.8% 🔺)2.453s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s (-13.5% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.517s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.508s (-17.0% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.496s601.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.529s (-5.9% 🟢)1.006s (-1.6%)0.478s601.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.535s (-7.1% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.471s601.09x
💻 LocalExpress0.550s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.455s601.12x
💻 LocalNitro0.647s (+13.4% 🔺)1.058s (+3.5%)0.411s571.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.870s (+17.8% 🔺)6.767s (+8.4% 🔺)1.898s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.228s (-3.7%)2.008s (~)0.780s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.275s (~)2.008s (~)0.733s451.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.329s (~)2.030s (+1.1%)0.701s451.08x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.336s (-9.4% 🟢)2.028s (+1.1%)0.691s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (-11.1% 🟢)2.006s (-1.2%)0.620s451.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.470s (+6.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.536s451.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.703s (+30.7% 🔺)12.876s (+28.7% 🔺)2.173s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.401s (-5.8% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.608s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.575s (-3.0%)3.111s (-0.8%)0.536s391.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.611s (-0.9%)3.058s (~)0.447s401.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.936s (-8.4% 🟢)3.341s (-16.0% 🟢)0.405s361.22x
💻 LocalExpress3.060s (-5.9% 🟢)3.538s (-11.8% 🟢)0.478s341.27x
💻 LocalNitro3.256s (+8.6% 🔺)3.913s (+13.9% 🔺)0.657s311.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.058s (+60.9% 🔺)28.102s (+52.7% 🔺)2.044s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.166s (-7.4% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.841s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.194s (-8.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.813s601.17x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.219s (~)1.006s (~)0.787s601.32x
💻 LocalExpress0.446s (+30.6% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.559s602.69x
💻 LocalNitro0.479s (+42.0% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.526s602.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.528s (-12.7% 🟢)1.021s (+1.6%)0.492s593.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.110s (+60.3% 🔺)4.313s (+45.0% 🔺)2.202s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.254s (-5.2% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.753s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-4.3%)1.030s (+2.3%)0.721s881.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.322s (~)1.006s (~)0.684s901.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.059s (+5.3% 🔺)2.608s (+5.7% 🔺)0.549s358.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (+7.3% 🔺)2.766s (+12.1% 🔺)0.593s338.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.278s (-14.6% 🟢)2.944s (-4.3%)0.665s318.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.456s (+54.2% 🔺)5.523s (+31.9% 🔺)2.066s171.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.441s (-8.4% 🟢)3.035s (~)2.593s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.451s (-14.1% 🟢)1.088s (+3.7%)0.637s1111.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.539s (+9.4% 🔺)1.138s (+12.2% 🔺)0.599s1071.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9.118s (-9.4% 🟢)9.791s (-11.9% 🟢)0.673s1320.66x
💻 LocalExpress9.412s (-3.8%)10.359s (-2.4%)0.947s1221.32x
💻 LocalNitro9.838s (+5.2% 🔺)10.865s (+7.5% 🔺)1.028s1222.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.015s (+69.7% 🔺)8.610s (+58.9% 🔺)2.595s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.109s (-3.8%)1.975s (-1.4%)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.905s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.145s (-2.2%)2.000s (~)0.001s (+8.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.151s (-1.5%)1.999s (~)0.001s (-47.4% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.859s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (~)2.004s (~)0.012s (+28.3% 🔺)2.019s (~)0.865s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (-1.5%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-18.7% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.860s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.167s (-1.0%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)2.011s (~)0.845s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.341s (+11.0% 🔺)3.521s (+4.1%)3.097s (+86.6% 🔺)7.328s (+32.3% 🔺)4.987s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.449s (-10.5% 🟢)1.977s (-1.6%)0.010s (-22.5% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.571s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.521s (-4.0%)2.010s (~)0.012s (-2.7%)2.024s (~)0.504s301.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.529s (-4.4%)2.010s (~)0.005s (-6.8% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.494s301.06x
💻 LocalNitro1.558s (-1.3%)2.011s (~)0.013s (+8.3% 🔺)2.027s (~)0.468s301.08x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.563s (-4.8%)2.007s (-1.5%)0.004s (-10.1% 🟢)2.025s (-1.6%)0.462s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.626s (+2.5%)2.037s (+1.6%)0.005s (-3.4%)2.059s (+1.7%)0.433s301.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)8.526s (+43.5% 🔺)10.492s (+38.1% 🔺)0.589s (+78.5% 🔺)11.690s (+38.1% 🔺)3.164s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.782s (+2.4%)1.066s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.079s (~)0.297s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.794s (+3.3%)1.065s (-3.6%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.101s (-1.5%)0.307s551.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.883s (+15.9% 🔺)1.245s (+14.5% 🔺)0.000s (+16.3% 🔺)1.256s (+14.6% 🔺)0.373s491.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s (-23.7% 🟢)1.779s (-11.5% 🟢)0.000s (-21.6% 🟢)1.807s (-10.3% 🟢)0.702s341.41x
💻 LocalExpress1.207s (-8.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.810s301.54x
💻 LocalNitro1.272s (-6.8% 🟢)1.981s (-1.6%)0.001s (+45.2% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.711s311.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.889s (+15.6% 🔺)6.221s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.822s (~)1.933s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.530s (~)2.139s (+1.8%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.184s (+1.5%)0.654s281.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.679s (+1.5%)2.306s (+4.1%)0.000s (+211.5% 🔺)2.338s (+4.8%)0.659s261.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.333s (+22.2% 🔺)2.859s (+12.4% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.866s (+12.4% 🔺)0.533s211.53x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.716s (-34.0% 🟢)3.256s (-29.2% 🟢)0.000s (-75.4% 🟢)3.292s (-28.6% 🟢)0.576s191.78x
💻 LocalExpress3.117s (-14.4% 🟢)3.670s (-13.2% 🟢)0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)3.678s (-13.1% 🟢)0.561s172.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.674s (+5.0%)4.294s (+8.4% 🔺)0.001s (+18.5% 🔺)4.298s (+8.2% 🔺)0.624s152.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.455s (+21.9% 🔺)7.884s (+16.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)8.591s (+17.4% 🔺)2.136s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)19/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14/21
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

The abortFromStep E2E flake had a second, dominant cause beyond the
suspension-gate race: a step that aborts a controller records the
durable hook_received event via an op that was flushed in the
*background* (safeWaitUntil), not awaited before step_completed. So the
workflow continuation enqueued by step_completed could run — resolving
Promise.all and dispatching a later step with the controller.signal —
before hook_received existed, serializing a stale aborted=false signal.
Add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for ops that must be
durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort hook resume
there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops), and
await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step
handler and the inline step executor. Combined with the pendingDeliveries
suspension-gate fix, the workflow continuation now both has the
hook_received in its log and waits for its hydration before serializing
downstream step arguments.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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No backport to stable for 6de5ea5 (AI decision).

This fix targets the workflow-level AbortController feature (abort-from-step), which does not exist on stable: I verified that createCreateAbortController, reviveAbortController, the ABORT_HOOK_TOKEN/ABORT_STREAM_NAME symbols, the preCompletionOps concept, and the touched files packages/core/src/workflow/abort-controller.ts and packages/core/src/runtime/step-executor.ts are all absent on stable. Even the pendingDeliveries change (a counter that does exist on stable) is wired specifically to the main-only abort-delivery path, so the entire commit builds on main-only behavior and the bug it fixes cannot occur on stable.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

6de5ea5c2f32b474274f5dabe5f3663e03622ac5

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) - #2412

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VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering
Jun 22, 2026
Merged

[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake)#2412
VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
mainfrom
peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented Jun 14, 2026

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Problem

The E2E test abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step flakes with stepSawAborted === false. The workflow aborts a controller from one step (abortFromStep), then — after the parallel work settles — passes controller.signal to a subsequent step (checkSignalState), which reads aborted: false. (workflowAborted and the in-flight sibling's stream-based cancel are unaffected, which is the tell.)

Root cause (two parts)

When a step aborts a controller, the abort is reflected into the workflow VM via a hook_received event. Two independent ordering gaps let checkSignalState serialize a stale, non-aborted signal:

  1. Durable abort flushed in the background. The step-side abort() records the durable hook_received event via an op pushed into ctx.ops, which is flushed in the background (safeWaitUntil) — not awaited before step_completed is written or before the workflow continuation is enqueued. So the continuation can resolve Promise.all and dispatch checkSignalStatebefore hook_received exists. This is the dominant cause.

  2. Suspension gate ignored the abort delivery. Even when hook_received is in the log, the consumer's _setAborted is deferred behind await hydrateStepReturnValue(...) (async reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue. Step-result and hook-payload deliveries bump ctx.pendingDeliveries so the suspension handler waits for them before dehydrating the next step's arguments; the abort delivery did not, so the suspension could serialize checkSignalState's signal before the abort landed.

Fix

  • Ordering: add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for operations that must be durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort's hook resume there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops, since it must reach the in-flight sibling ASAP). Await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step handler and the inline step executor.
  • Suspension gate: bump ctx.pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits for _setAborted before dehydrating downstream step arguments.

Together: the continuation now both has hook_received in its event log and waits for its hydration before serializing the next step's signal.

Tests

  • abort-replay-ordering.test.ts — injects hydration latency past a macrotask; asserts the suspension/idle gate only fires once the signal has aborted, and the in-flight abort is counted as a pending delivery.
  • abort-controller-step.test.ts — new test exercising the realreviveAbortController via hydrateStepArguments; asserts the durable hook resume is routed to preCompletionOps (not the background ops) and fires with the correct payload when that bucket is drained.

Both fail against the pre-fix code and pass with the fix. Existing abort/step/suspension/workflow suites pass (542 tests in the runtime+workflow sweep).

An AbortController aborted from a step is reflected into the workflow VM
via a hook_received event, but _setAborted was deferred behind an async
hydrateStepReturnValue (reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue.
Unlike step-result and hook-payload deliveries, the abort delivery did
not participate in ctx.pendingDeliveries, so scheduleWhenIdle (which the
suspension handler uses to gate dehydration of queued step arguments)
could fire while the abort was still in flight. A step dispatched right
after the abort that received controller.signal then had its arguments
serialized with aborted=false.
Bump pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits
for _setAborted to land, matching the existing step/hook-payload pattern.
This fixes the intermittent abortFromStepWorkflow E2E failure
(stepSawAborted=false).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9519bb3

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.041s (-15.6% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.964s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.044s (+7.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+14.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.958s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s (-3.8%)1.012s (~)0.956s101.37x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.062s (-1.9%)1.011s (~)0.949s101.53x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.075s (+21.2% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.938s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.342s (+5.6% 🔺)2.612s (-6.4% 🟢)2.271s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.069s (-2.1%)2.005s (~)0.936s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.077s (-2.1%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.081s (-0.7%)2.006s (~)0.926s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.088s (-1.3%)2.009s (~)0.922s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.092s (-1.0%)2.010s (~)0.918s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.096s (-0.6%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.725s (+9.3% 🔺)3.707s (~)1.982s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.355s (-1.8%)11.020s (~)0.665s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.432s (-0.8%)11.023s (~)0.591s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.450s (-0.6%)11.022s (~)0.572s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.461s (-0.8%)11.017s (~)0.556s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.478s (-0.6%)11.023s (~)0.544s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.478s (-0.9%)11.020s (~)0.541s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)12.820s (-2.8%)14.343s (-6.7% 🟢)1.523s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.387s (-2.3%)14.025s (~)0.638s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.546s (-3.2%)14.027s (-1.4%)0.482s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.553s (-0.9%)14.027s (~)0.474s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.674s (-1.7%)14.023s (~)0.349s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.701s (-0.6%)14.019s (~)0.318s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.717s (-1.4%)14.019s (~)0.301s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.148s (+1.0%)22.128s (~)1.980s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)11.718s (-5.9% 🟢)12.021s (-7.7% 🟢)0.303s81.00x
💻 LocalExpress12.016s (-4.6%)12.272s (-5.8% 🟢)0.256s81.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.162s (-1.1%)13.025s (~)0.862s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.170s (-2.9%)13.015s (~)0.845s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.224s (-1.9%)13.016s (~)0.791s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (~)13.020s (~)0.674s71.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)25.164s (~)27.638s (+0.7%)2.474s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.166s (-1.8%)2.008s (~)0.842s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.179s (-1.4%)2.008s (~)0.828s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.195s (+3.2%)2.008s (~)0.813s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.306s (-5.0% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.700s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (+12.6% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.620s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.399s (+16.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.607s151.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.999s (+15.7% 🔺)4.893s (+10.5% 🔺)1.894s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.275s (+1.9%)3.009s (+50.0% 🔺)1.733s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.317s (+0.7%)2.591s (+24.9% 🔺)1.274s121.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.352s (+6.6% 🔺)2.592s (+29.1% 🔺)1.240s121.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.102s (-10.3% 🟢)2.734s (-6.3% 🟢)0.632s111.65x
💻 LocalNitro2.405s (+19.4% 🔺)3.010s (+20.1% 🔺)0.604s101.89x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (+20.1% 🔺)2.917s (+16.3% 🔺)0.474s111.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.302s (+35.0% 🔺)6.233s (+21.6% 🔺)1.931s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.567s (+8.1% 🔺)4.138s (+12.5% 🔺)2.571s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.616s (-2.5%)4.012s (+6.6% 🔺)2.396s81.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s (+85.3% 🔺)5.347s (+37.6% 🔺)2.601s61.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.971s (-40.6% 🟢)4.384s (-40.9% 🟢)0.414s82.53x
💻 LocalExpress5.458s (-5.4% 🟢)6.214s (-3.1%)0.756s53.48x
💻 LocalNitro6.359s (+41.9% 🔺)7.220s (+44.1% 🔺)0.861s54.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.167s (+47.5% 🔺)7.657s (+40.9% 🔺)2.489s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.175s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.187s (-0.7%)2.008s (~)0.821s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.191s (+1.5%)2.008s (~)0.817s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.319s (-2.4%)2.005s (~)0.687s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.339s (+8.8% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.668s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.442s (+17.3% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.565s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.744s (+28.3% 🔺)4.770s (+17.6% 🔺)2.026s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s (+0.6%)2.826s (+36.2% 🔺)1.555s111.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.321s (+3.6%)2.593s (+29.1% 🔺)1.272s121.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+2.9%)2.471s (+23.1% 🔺)1.138s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.260s (-6.5% 🟢)2.923s (~)0.663s111.78x
💻 LocalExpress2.548s (+25.0% 🔺)3.110s (+13.6% 🔺)0.562s102.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.595s (+29.1% 🔺)3.110s (+34.4% 🔺)0.515s102.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.021s (+88.5% 🔺)6.686s (+60.6% 🔺)1.665s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.606s (+10.3% 🔺)4.011s (+6.7% 🔺)2.405s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.615s (+12.9% 🔺)4.010s (+6.6% 🔺)2.394s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.605s (+77.3% 🔺)5.681s (+46.2% 🔺)3.076s61.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.107s (-39.5% 🟢)4.726s (-37.1% 🟢)0.620s72.56x
💻 LocalExpress5.927s (-0.6%)6.620s (-2.9%)0.694s53.69x
💻 LocalNitro8.170s (+65.3% 🔺)8.770s (+59.1% 🔺)0.599s45.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.790s (+75.1% 🔺)8.242s (+56.8% 🔺)2.453s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s (-13.5% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.517s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.508s (-17.0% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.496s601.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.529s (-5.9% 🟢)1.006s (-1.6%)0.478s601.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.535s (-7.1% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.471s601.09x
💻 LocalExpress0.550s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.455s601.12x
💻 LocalNitro0.647s (+13.4% 🔺)1.058s (+3.5%)0.411s571.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.870s (+17.8% 🔺)6.767s (+8.4% 🔺)1.898s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.228s (-3.7%)2.008s (~)0.780s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.275s (~)2.008s (~)0.733s451.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.329s (~)2.030s (+1.1%)0.701s451.08x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.336s (-9.4% 🟢)2.028s (+1.1%)0.691s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (-11.1% 🟢)2.006s (-1.2%)0.620s451.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.470s (+6.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.536s451.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.703s (+30.7% 🔺)12.876s (+28.7% 🔺)2.173s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.401s (-5.8% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.608s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.575s (-3.0%)3.111s (-0.8%)0.536s391.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.611s (-0.9%)3.058s (~)0.447s401.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.936s (-8.4% 🟢)3.341s (-16.0% 🟢)0.405s361.22x
💻 LocalExpress3.060s (-5.9% 🟢)3.538s (-11.8% 🟢)0.478s341.27x
💻 LocalNitro3.256s (+8.6% 🔺)3.913s (+13.9% 🔺)0.657s311.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.058s (+60.9% 🔺)28.102s (+52.7% 🔺)2.044s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.166s (-7.4% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.841s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.194s (-8.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.813s601.17x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.219s (~)1.006s (~)0.787s601.32x
💻 LocalExpress0.446s (+30.6% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.559s602.69x
💻 LocalNitro0.479s (+42.0% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.526s602.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.528s (-12.7% 🟢)1.021s (+1.6%)0.492s593.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.110s (+60.3% 🔺)4.313s (+45.0% 🔺)2.202s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.254s (-5.2% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.753s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-4.3%)1.030s (+2.3%)0.721s881.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.322s (~)1.006s (~)0.684s901.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.059s (+5.3% 🔺)2.608s (+5.7% 🔺)0.549s358.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (+7.3% 🔺)2.766s (+12.1% 🔺)0.593s338.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.278s (-14.6% 🟢)2.944s (-4.3%)0.665s318.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.456s (+54.2% 🔺)5.523s (+31.9% 🔺)2.066s171.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.441s (-8.4% 🟢)3.035s (~)2.593s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.451s (-14.1% 🟢)1.088s (+3.7%)0.637s1111.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.539s (+9.4% 🔺)1.138s (+12.2% 🔺)0.599s1071.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9.118s (-9.4% 🟢)9.791s (-11.9% 🟢)0.673s1320.66x
💻 LocalExpress9.412s (-3.8%)10.359s (-2.4%)0.947s1221.32x
💻 LocalNitro9.838s (+5.2% 🔺)10.865s (+7.5% 🔺)1.028s1222.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.015s (+69.7% 🔺)8.610s (+58.9% 🔺)2.595s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.109s (-3.8%)1.975s (-1.4%)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.905s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.145s (-2.2%)2.000s (~)0.001s (+8.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.151s (-1.5%)1.999s (~)0.001s (-47.4% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.859s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (~)2.004s (~)0.012s (+28.3% 🔺)2.019s (~)0.865s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (-1.5%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-18.7% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.860s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.167s (-1.0%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)2.011s (~)0.845s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.341s (+11.0% 🔺)3.521s (+4.1%)3.097s (+86.6% 🔺)7.328s (+32.3% 🔺)4.987s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.449s (-10.5% 🟢)1.977s (-1.6%)0.010s (-22.5% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.571s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.521s (-4.0%)2.010s (~)0.012s (-2.7%)2.024s (~)0.504s301.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.529s (-4.4%)2.010s (~)0.005s (-6.8% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.494s301.06x
💻 LocalNitro1.558s (-1.3%)2.011s (~)0.013s (+8.3% 🔺)2.027s (~)0.468s301.08x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.563s (-4.8%)2.007s (-1.5%)0.004s (-10.1% 🟢)2.025s (-1.6%)0.462s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.626s (+2.5%)2.037s (+1.6%)0.005s (-3.4%)2.059s (+1.7%)0.433s301.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)8.526s (+43.5% 🔺)10.492s (+38.1% 🔺)0.589s (+78.5% 🔺)11.690s (+38.1% 🔺)3.164s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.782s (+2.4%)1.066s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.079s (~)0.297s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.794s (+3.3%)1.065s (-3.6%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.101s (-1.5%)0.307s551.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.883s (+15.9% 🔺)1.245s (+14.5% 🔺)0.000s (+16.3% 🔺)1.256s (+14.6% 🔺)0.373s491.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s (-23.7% 🟢)1.779s (-11.5% 🟢)0.000s (-21.6% 🟢)1.807s (-10.3% 🟢)0.702s341.41x
💻 LocalExpress1.207s (-8.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.810s301.54x
💻 LocalNitro1.272s (-6.8% 🟢)1.981s (-1.6%)0.001s (+45.2% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.711s311.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.889s (+15.6% 🔺)6.221s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.822s (~)1.933s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.530s (~)2.139s (+1.8%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.184s (+1.5%)0.654s281.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.679s (+1.5%)2.306s (+4.1%)0.000s (+211.5% 🔺)2.338s (+4.8%)0.659s261.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.333s (+22.2% 🔺)2.859s (+12.4% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.866s (+12.4% 🔺)0.533s211.53x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.716s (-34.0% 🟢)3.256s (-29.2% 🟢)0.000s (-75.4% 🟢)3.292s (-28.6% 🟢)0.576s191.78x
💻 LocalExpress3.117s (-14.4% 🟢)3.670s (-13.2% 🟢)0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)3.678s (-13.1% 🟢)0.561s172.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.674s (+5.0%)4.294s (+8.4% 🔺)0.001s (+18.5% 🔺)4.298s (+8.2% 🔺)0.624s152.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.455s (+21.9% 🔺)7.884s (+16.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)8.591s (+17.4% 🔺)2.136s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)19/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14/21
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

The abortFromStep E2E flake had a second, dominant cause beyond the
suspension-gate race: a step that aborts a controller records the
durable hook_received event via an op that was flushed in the
*background* (safeWaitUntil), not awaited before step_completed. So the
workflow continuation enqueued by step_completed could run — resolving
Promise.all and dispatching a later step with the controller.signal —
before hook_received existed, serializing a stale aborted=false signal.
Add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for ops that must be
durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort hook resume
there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops), and
await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step
handler and the inline step executor. Combined with the pendingDeliveries
suspension-gate fix, the workflow continuation now both has the
hook_received in its log and waits for its hydration before serializing
downstream step arguments.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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No backport to stable for 6de5ea5 (AI decision).

This fix targets the workflow-level AbortController feature (abort-from-step), which does not exist on stable: I verified that createCreateAbortController, reviveAbortController, the ABORT_HOOK_TOKEN/ABORT_STREAM_NAME symbols, the preCompletionOps concept, and the touched files packages/core/src/workflow/abort-controller.ts and packages/core/src/runtime/step-executor.ts are all absent on stable. Even the pendingDeliveries change (a counter that does exist on stable) is wired specifically to the main-only abort-delivery path, so the entire commit builds on main-only behavior and the bug it fixes cannot occur on stable.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

6de5ea5c2f32b474274f5dabe5f3663e03622ac5

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { // Universal Dark Mode - works on any site (function() { var enabled = true; function applyDarkMode() { if (!enabled) return; // Create style element if it doesn't exist var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (!style) { style = document.createElement('style'); style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style'; document.head.appendChild(style); } // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video style.textContent = ' /* Invert everything except media */ html { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #1a1a2e !important; } /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */ img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*="background-image"] { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; } /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */ .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *, [data-theme="light"], [data-theme="light"], .ace_editor, .ace_editor *, .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *, .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *, .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *, .highlight, .highlight *, pre code, pre code * { filter: none !important; } /* Fix common UI elements */ .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important; background: #2d2d44 !important; border-color: #444 !important; } /* Scrollbars */ ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; } /* Selection */ ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; } '; } function removeDarkMode() { var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style'); if (style) style.remove(); } // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') { e.preventDefault(); enabled = !enabled; if (enabled) { applyDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled'); } else { removeDarkMode(); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled'); } } }); // Apply on load applyDarkMode(); // Re-apply on dynamic content var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) { applyDarkMode(); } }); observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true }); console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle'); })(); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })(); [core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) by VaguelySerious · Pull Request #2412 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake) - #2412

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VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
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Jun 22, 2026
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[core] Fix abort signal not reflected in subsequent step (replay-ordering flake)#2412
VaguelySerious merged 5 commits into
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peter/fix-abort-signal-replay-ordering

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@VaguelySerious

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySerious commented Jun 14, 2026

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Problem

The E2E test abortFromStepWorkflow: step abort cancels an in-flight sibling step flakes with stepSawAborted === false. The workflow aborts a controller from one step (abortFromStep), then — after the parallel work settles — passes controller.signal to a subsequent step (checkSignalState), which reads aborted: false. (workflowAborted and the in-flight sibling's stream-based cancel are unaffected, which is the tell.)

Root cause (two parts)

When a step aborts a controller, the abort is reflected into the workflow VM via a hook_received event. Two independent ordering gaps let checkSignalState serialize a stale, non-aborted signal:

  1. Durable abort flushed in the background. The step-side abort() records the durable hook_received event via an op pushed into ctx.ops, which is flushed in the background (safeWaitUntil) — not awaited before step_completed is written or before the workflow continuation is enqueued. So the continuation can resolve Promise.all and dispatch checkSignalStatebefore hook_received exists. This is the dominant cause.

  2. Suspension gate ignored the abort delivery. Even when hook_received is in the log, the consumer's _setAborted is deferred behind await hydrateStepReturnValue(...) (async reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue. Step-result and hook-payload deliveries bump ctx.pendingDeliveries so the suspension handler waits for them before dehydrating the next step's arguments; the abort delivery did not, so the suspension could serialize checkSignalState's signal before the abort landed.

Fix

  • Ordering: add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for operations that must be durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort's hook resume there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops, since it must reach the in-flight sibling ASAP). Await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step handler and the inline step executor.
  • Suspension gate: bump ctx.pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits for _setAborted before dehydrating downstream step arguments.

Together: the continuation now both has hook_received in its event log and waits for its hydration before serializing the next step's signal.

Tests

  • abort-replay-ordering.test.ts — injects hydration latency past a macrotask; asserts the suspension/idle gate only fires once the signal has aborted, and the in-flight abort is counted as a pending delivery.
  • abort-controller-step.test.ts — new test exercising the realreviveAbortController via hydrateStepArguments; asserts the durable hook resume is routed to preCompletionOps (not the background ops) and fires with the correct payload when that bucket is drained.

Both fail against the pre-fix code and pass with the fix. Existing abort/step/suspension/workflow suites pass (542 tests in the runtime+workflow sweep).

An AbortController aborted from a step is reflected into the workflow VM
via a hook_received event, but _setAborted was deferred behind an async
hydrateStepReturnValue (reason decrypt/deserialize) on the promiseQueue.
Unlike step-result and hook-payload deliveries, the abort delivery did
not participate in ctx.pendingDeliveries, so scheduleWhenIdle (which the
suspension handler uses to gate dehydration of queued step arguments)
could fire while the abort was still in flight. A step dispatched right
after the abort that received controller.signal then had its arguments
serialized with aborted=false.
Bump pendingDeliveries around the abort delivery so the suspension waits
for _setAborted to land, matching the existing step/hook-payload pattern.
This fixes the intermittent abortFromStepWorkflow E2E failure
(stepSawAborted=false).
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9519bb3

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
NameType
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.041s (-15.6% 🟢)1.004s (~)0.964s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.044s (+7.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.09x
💻 LocalNitro0.047s (+14.6% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.958s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.056s (-3.8%)1.012s (~)0.956s101.37x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.062s (-1.9%)1.011s (~)0.949s101.53x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.075s (+21.2% 🔺)1.013s (~)0.938s101.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.342s (+5.6% 🔺)2.612s (-6.4% 🟢)2.271s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.069s (-2.1%)2.005s (~)0.936s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.077s (-2.1%)2.007s (~)0.930s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.081s (-0.7%)2.006s (~)0.926s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.088s (-1.3%)2.009s (~)0.922s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.092s (-1.0%)2.010s (~)0.918s101.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.096s (-0.6%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.725s (+9.3% 🔺)3.707s (~)1.982s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.355s (-1.8%)11.020s (~)0.665s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.432s (-0.8%)11.023s (~)0.591s31.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.450s (-0.6%)11.022s (~)0.572s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.461s (-0.8%)11.017s (~)0.556s31.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.478s (-0.6%)11.023s (~)0.544s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.478s (-0.9%)11.020s (~)0.541s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)12.820s (-2.8%)14.343s (-6.7% 🟢)1.523s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)13.387s (-2.3%)14.025s (~)0.638s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.546s (-3.2%)14.027s (-1.4%)0.482s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro13.553s (-0.9%)14.027s (~)0.474s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.674s (-1.7%)14.023s (~)0.349s51.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress13.701s (-0.6%)14.019s (~)0.318s51.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.717s (-1.4%)14.019s (~)0.301s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.148s (+1.0%)22.128s (~)1.980s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)11.718s (-5.9% 🟢)12.021s (-7.7% 🟢)0.303s81.00x
💻 LocalExpress12.016s (-4.6%)12.272s (-5.8% 🟢)0.256s81.03x
💻 LocalNitro12.162s (-1.1%)13.025s (~)0.862s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.170s (-2.9%)13.015s (~)0.845s71.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.224s (-1.9%)13.016s (~)0.791s71.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.346s (~)13.020s (~)0.674s71.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)25.164s (~)27.638s (+0.7%)2.474s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.166s (-1.8%)2.008s (~)0.842s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.179s (-1.4%)2.008s (~)0.828s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.195s (+3.2%)2.008s (~)0.813s151.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.306s (-5.0% 🟢)2.006s (~)0.700s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (+12.6% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.620s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.399s (+16.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.607s151.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.999s (+15.7% 🔺)4.893s (+10.5% 🔺)1.894s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.275s (+1.9%)3.009s (+50.0% 🔺)1.733s101.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.317s (+0.7%)2.591s (+24.9% 🔺)1.274s121.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.352s (+6.6% 🔺)2.592s (+29.1% 🔺)1.240s121.06x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.102s (-10.3% 🟢)2.734s (-6.3% 🟢)0.632s111.65x
💻 LocalNitro2.405s (+19.4% 🔺)3.010s (+20.1% 🔺)0.604s101.89x
💻 LocalExpress2.443s (+20.1% 🔺)2.917s (+16.3% 🔺)0.474s111.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.302s (+35.0% 🔺)6.233s (+21.6% 🔺)1.931s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.567s (+8.1% 🔺)4.138s (+12.5% 🔺)2.571s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.616s (-2.5%)4.012s (+6.6% 🔺)2.396s81.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.746s (+85.3% 🔺)5.347s (+37.6% 🔺)2.601s61.75x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.971s (-40.6% 🟢)4.384s (-40.9% 🟢)0.414s82.53x
💻 LocalExpress5.458s (-5.4% 🟢)6.214s (-3.1%)0.756s53.48x
💻 LocalNitro6.359s (+41.9% 🔺)7.220s (+44.1% 🔺)0.861s54.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.167s (+47.5% 🔺)7.657s (+40.9% 🔺)2.489s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.175s (-2.0%)2.008s (~)0.833s151.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.187s (-0.7%)2.008s (~)0.821s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.191s (+1.5%)2.008s (~)0.817s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.319s (-2.4%)2.005s (~)0.687s151.12x
💻 LocalExpress1.339s (+8.8% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.668s151.14x
💻 LocalNitro1.442s (+17.3% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.565s151.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.744s (+28.3% 🔺)4.770s (+17.6% 🔺)2.026s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.271s (+0.6%)2.826s (+36.2% 🔺)1.555s111.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.321s (+3.6%)2.593s (+29.1% 🔺)1.272s121.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+2.9%)2.471s (+23.1% 🔺)1.138s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.260s (-6.5% 🟢)2.923s (~)0.663s111.78x
💻 LocalExpress2.548s (+25.0% 🔺)3.110s (+13.6% 🔺)0.562s102.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.595s (+29.1% 🔺)3.110s (+34.4% 🔺)0.515s102.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.021s (+88.5% 🔺)6.686s (+60.6% 🔺)1.665s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.606s (+10.3% 🔺)4.011s (+6.7% 🔺)2.405s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.615s (+12.9% 🔺)4.010s (+6.6% 🔺)2.394s81.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.605s (+77.3% 🔺)5.681s (+46.2% 🔺)3.076s61.62x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)4.107s (-39.5% 🟢)4.726s (-37.1% 🟢)0.620s72.56x
💻 LocalExpress5.927s (-0.6%)6.620s (-2.9%)0.694s53.69x
💻 LocalNitro8.170s (+65.3% 🔺)8.770s (+59.1% 🔺)0.599s45.09x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)5.790s (+75.1% 🔺)8.242s (+56.8% 🔺)2.453s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.489s (-13.5% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.517s601.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.508s (-17.0% 🟢)1.004s (-1.8%)0.496s601.04x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.529s (-5.9% 🟢)1.006s (-1.6%)0.478s601.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.535s (-7.1% 🟢)1.006s (-1.7%)0.471s601.09x
💻 LocalExpress0.550s (-9.8% 🟢)1.005s (~)0.455s601.12x
💻 LocalNitro0.647s (+13.4% 🔺)1.058s (+3.5%)0.411s571.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.870s (+17.8% 🔺)6.767s (+8.4% 🔺)1.898s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.228s (-3.7%)2.008s (~)0.780s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.275s (~)2.008s (~)0.733s451.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.329s (~)2.030s (+1.1%)0.701s451.08x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.336s (-9.4% 🟢)2.028s (+1.1%)0.691s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.386s (-11.1% 🟢)2.006s (-1.2%)0.620s451.13x
💻 LocalNitro1.470s (+6.3% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.536s451.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.703s (+30.7% 🔺)12.876s (+28.7% 🔺)2.173s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.401s (-5.8% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.608s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.575s (-3.0%)3.111s (-0.8%)0.536s391.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.611s (-0.9%)3.058s (~)0.447s401.09x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.936s (-8.4% 🟢)3.341s (-16.0% 🟢)0.405s361.22x
💻 LocalExpress3.060s (-5.9% 🟢)3.538s (-11.8% 🟢)0.478s341.27x
💻 LocalNitro3.256s (+8.6% 🔺)3.913s (+13.9% 🔺)0.657s311.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)26.058s (+60.9% 🔺)28.102s (+52.7% 🔺)2.044s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.166s (-7.4% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.841s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.194s (-8.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.813s601.17x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.219s (~)1.006s (~)0.787s601.32x
💻 LocalExpress0.446s (+30.6% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.559s602.69x
💻 LocalNitro0.479s (+42.0% 🔺)1.005s (~)0.526s602.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.528s (-12.7% 🟢)1.021s (+1.6%)0.492s593.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.110s (+60.3% 🔺)4.313s (+45.0% 🔺)2.202s141.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.254s (-5.2% 🟢)1.007s (~)0.753s901.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-4.3%)1.030s (+2.3%)0.721s881.22x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.322s (~)1.006s (~)0.684s901.27x
💻 LocalExpress2.059s (+5.3% 🔺)2.608s (+5.7% 🔺)0.549s358.10x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (+7.3% 🔺)2.766s (+12.1% 🔺)0.593s338.55x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.278s (-14.6% 🟢)2.944s (-4.3%)0.665s318.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)3.456s (+54.2% 🔺)5.523s (+31.9% 🔺)2.066s171.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.441s (-8.4% 🟢)3.035s (~)2.593s401.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.451s (-14.1% 🟢)1.088s (+3.7%)0.637s1111.02x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.539s (+9.4% 🔺)1.138s (+12.2% 🔺)0.599s1071.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)9.118s (-9.4% 🟢)9.791s (-11.9% 🟢)0.673s1320.66x
💻 LocalExpress9.412s (-3.8%)10.359s (-2.4%)0.947s1221.32x
💻 LocalNitro9.838s (+5.2% 🔺)10.865s (+7.5% 🔺)1.028s1222.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.015s (+69.7% 🔺)8.610s (+58.9% 🔺)2.595s151.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.109s (-3.8%)1.975s (-1.4%)0.008s (-34.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.905s101.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.145s (-2.2%)2.000s (~)0.001s (+8.3% 🔺)2.010s (~)0.865s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.151s (-1.5%)1.999s (~)0.001s (-47.4% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.859s101.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (~)2.004s (~)0.012s (+28.3% 🔺)2.019s (~)0.865s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress1.156s (-1.5%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-18.7% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.860s101.04x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.167s (-1.0%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-7.1% 🟢)2.011s (~)0.845s101.05x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.341s (+11.0% 🔺)3.521s (+4.1%)3.097s (+86.6% 🔺)7.328s (+32.3% 🔺)4.987s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.449s (-10.5% 🟢)1.977s (-1.6%)0.010s (-22.5% 🟢)2.020s (~)0.571s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.521s (-4.0%)2.010s (~)0.012s (-2.7%)2.024s (~)0.504s301.05x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.529s (-4.4%)2.010s (~)0.005s (-6.8% 🟢)2.024s (~)0.494s301.06x
💻 LocalNitro1.558s (-1.3%)2.011s (~)0.013s (+8.3% 🔺)2.027s (~)0.468s301.08x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.563s (-4.8%)2.007s (-1.5%)0.004s (-10.1% 🟢)2.025s (-1.6%)0.462s301.08x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.626s (+2.5%)2.037s (+1.6%)0.005s (-3.4%)2.059s (+1.7%)0.433s301.12x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)8.526s (+43.5% 🔺)10.492s (+38.1% 🔺)0.589s (+78.5% 🔺)11.690s (+38.1% 🔺)3.164s61.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.782s (+2.4%)1.066s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.079s (~)0.297s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.794s (+3.3%)1.065s (-3.6%)0.000s (-67.3% 🟢)1.101s (-1.5%)0.307s551.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.883s (+15.9% 🔺)1.245s (+14.5% 🔺)0.000s (+16.3% 🔺)1.256s (+14.6% 🔺)0.373s491.13x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.105s (-23.7% 🟢)1.779s (-11.5% 🟢)0.000s (-21.6% 🟢)1.807s (-10.3% 🟢)0.702s341.41x
💻 LocalExpress1.207s (-8.7% 🟢)2.014s (~)0.000s (-9.1% 🟢)2.017s (~)0.810s301.54x
💻 LocalNitro1.272s (-6.8% 🟢)1.981s (-1.6%)0.001s (+45.2% 🔺)1.984s (-1.6%)0.711s311.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)4.889s (+15.6% 🔺)6.221s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)6.822s (~)1.933s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.530s (~)2.139s (+1.8%)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.184s (+1.5%)0.654s281.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.679s (+1.5%)2.306s (+4.1%)0.000s (+211.5% 🔺)2.338s (+4.8%)0.659s261.10x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.333s (+22.2% 🔺)2.859s (+12.4% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)2.866s (+12.4% 🔺)0.533s211.53x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.716s (-34.0% 🟢)3.256s (-29.2% 🟢)0.000s (-75.4% 🟢)3.292s (-28.6% 🟢)0.576s191.78x
💻 LocalExpress3.117s (-14.4% 🟢)3.670s (-13.2% 🟢)0.000s (-29.4% 🟢)3.678s (-13.1% 🟢)0.561s172.04x
💻 LocalNitro3.674s (+5.0%)4.294s (+8.4% 🔺)0.001s (+18.5% 🔺)4.298s (+8.2% 🔺)0.624s152.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)6.455s (+21.9% 🔺)7.884s (+16.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)8.591s (+17.4% 🔺)2.136s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress⚠️missing-----
▲ VercelNitro⚠️missing-----

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)19/21
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)14/21
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)21/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres14/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres15/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

The abortFromStep E2E flake had a second, dominant cause beyond the
suspension-gate race: a step that aborts a controller records the
durable hook_received event via an op that was flushed in the
*background* (safeWaitUntil), not awaited before step_completed. So the
workflow continuation enqueued by step_completed could run — resolving
Promise.all and dispatching a later step with the controller.signal —
before hook_received existed, serializing a stale aborted=false signal.
Add a preCompletionOps bucket to the step context for ops that must be
durable before the step's terminal event. Route the abort hook resume
there (keeping the real-time stream write in the background ops), and
await it before step_completed/step_failed in both the queue step
handler and the inline step executor. Combined with the pendingDeliveries
suspension-gate fix, the workflow continuation now both has the
hook_received in its log and waits for its hydration before serializing
downstream step arguments.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@github-actions

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No backport to stable for 6de5ea5 (AI decision).

This fix targets the workflow-level AbortController feature (abort-from-step), which does not exist on stable: I verified that createCreateAbortController, reviveAbortController, the ABORT_HOOK_TOKEN/ABORT_STREAM_NAME symbols, the preCompletionOps concept, and the touched files packages/core/src/workflow/abort-controller.ts and packages/core/src/runtime/step-executor.ts are all absent on stable. Even the pendingDeliveries change (a counter that does exist on stable) is wired specifically to the main-only abort-delivery path, so the entire commit builds on main-only behavior and the bug it fixes cannot occur on stable.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

6de5ea5c2f32b474274f5dabe5f3663e03622ac5

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2 participants

@VaguelySerious@pranaygp