Document configuration environment variables (v5)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Pivot from #2446's workflow.config.ts implementation to a smaller, explicit configuration docs update plus one package API cleanup.

This PR removes the original typed-config implementation entirely (no config file, no workflow/config subpath, no configured-World module aliasing). Instead, it documents the v5 configuration surface that exists today: environment variables, framework/plugin options, and WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD modules.

It also standardizes first-party World package factories on createWorld():

• @workflow/world-local now exports createWorld(args?: Partial<Config>) as the canonical local factory.
• @workflow/world-vercel now exports createWorld(config?: APIConfig) as the canonical Vercel factory.
• createLocalWorld() and createVercelWorld() remain as deprecated compatibility aliases.
• Runtime module loading still accepts legacy factory names so existing user modules do not break.

The public /worlds/:id routes continue to show the current v4 World pages for now. The v5 World docs live under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* and are ready for the stable upgrade path without adding new route trees or UI toggles in this PR.

Docs changes

Every variable, default, clamp, and precedence chain was verified against current source rather than copied from #2446's inventory.

• configuration (new top-level v5 section) - overview plus separate subpages for framework/plugin options, Worlds, runtime tuning, build diagnostics, and CLI/web UI. The reference content uses narrow sections instead of wide tables.
• v5 World pages - Local, Postgres, and Vercel World pages under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* document the v5 env vars, createWorld() samples, and advanced options that apply today.
• Local World - fixed queue concurrency default (1000), documents env vars, and uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Vercel World - clarifies that deployed workflows do not configure the Vercel World with WORKFLOW_VERCEL_*; those variables are for tooling that talks to Vercel from outside a deployment. Uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Postgres World - documents the DATABASE_URL fallback, workflow_ job prefix default, queue namespace, stream flush interval, and option-vs-env precedence.

Docs Preview

• Configuration overview: /v5/docs/configuration
• Framework options: /v5/docs/configuration/framework-options
• Worlds configuration: /v5/docs/configuration/worlds
• Runtime tuning: /v5/docs/configuration/runtime-tuning
• Build and diagnostics: /v5/docs/configuration/build-and-diagnostics
• CLI and web UI: /v5/docs/configuration/cli-and-web-ui
• v5 Local World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/local-world
• v5 Postgres World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/postgres-world
• v5 Vercel World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/vercel-world

Preview links require Vercel team access.

Verification

Local:

• corepack pnpm --filter docs build
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/configuration CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/deploying/world CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• corepack pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test -- src/reenqueue.test.ts src/tag.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres test -- src/queue.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/vitest test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core test -- src/runtime/world.test.ts src/runtime/world-target.test.ts (runs the package suite)

Note: full CI=true corepack pnpm test:docs currently fails on pre-existing Sandbox cookbook snippets in both v4 and v5 (Sandbox.sandboxId no longer exists in the installed @vercel/sandbox type), not on the new configuration pages.

Remote checks are rerunning on the latest push.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

• 📦 pnpm changeset - included for the package API cleanup
• 🔒 DCO sign-off passes
• 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ee5a814

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, ✅ 4 resolved, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.046s (+2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.046s (-1.1%)	1.015s (+0.9%)	0.969s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (-0.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.947s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.248s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.511s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.264s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.296s (+31.4% 🔺)	1.833s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.538s	10	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.358s (+47.3% 🔺)	1.643s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.079s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.927s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.085s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.911s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.504s (+6.1% 🔺)	3.097s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.594s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.592s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.891s (-4.2%)	1.299s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.786s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.774s	10	1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.458s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.484s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.536s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.485s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.530s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.490s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.533s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.753s (+0.6%)	13.752s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.999s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.024s (+3.0%)	13.802s (-1.1%)	1.778s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.609s (-2.4%)	14.439s (+1.8%)	1.829s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.625s (-0.5%)	14.027s (~)	0.402s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.644s (~)	14.022s (~)	0.378s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.696s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.331s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.799s (+0.6%)	14.028s (~)	0.229s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.682s (~)	18.906s (~)	2.223s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.780s (+3.7%)	18.691s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.911s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.858s (-0.6%)	19.492s (-1.4%)	1.634s	4	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	12.138s (-0.7%)	13.025s (~)	0.888s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.165s (-0.5%)	13.025s (~)	0.860s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.280s (~)	13.017s (~)	0.737s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.689s (+3.6%)	13.169s (+1.1%)	0.481s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	18.644s (+7.8% 🔺)	20.701s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.057s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	18.669s (+9.3% 🔺)	20.615s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.946s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.917s (+11.2% 🔺)	23.523s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.606s	4	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.182s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.422s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.584s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.433s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.447s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.559s	15	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.068s (-9.6% 🟢)	3.814s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.746s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.100s (-7.6% 🟢)	3.967s (+1.7%)	1.867s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.026s (+3.0%)	4.510s (-2.8%)	1.483s	7	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.357s (-3.0%)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.958s	13	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.308s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.826s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.518s	11	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	2.343s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.666s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.408s (+3.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.600s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.430s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.056s (-1.5%)	1.626s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.797s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.460s (+25.3% 🔺)	1.663s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.977s (+49.5% 🔺)	6.411s (+30.6% 🔺)	1.434s	5	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.604s (-1.5%)	4.263s (+3.0%)	2.659s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.173s (-32.5% 🟢)	5.016s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.842s	7	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.104s (-4.4%)	5.011s (+2.9%)	0.907s	6	2.56x
💻 Local	Express	4.926s (+11.6% 🔺)	5.346s (+3.2%)	0.420s	6	3.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.031s (+3.8%)	4.882s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.851s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.670s (+29.7% 🔺)	5.493s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.823s	6	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.154s (+30.4% 🔺)	6.503s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.349s	5	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (-0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (-0.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.567s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.475s (-1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.531s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.972s (+2.0%)	3.865s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.893s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.181s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.012s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.831s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.492s (+17.4% 🔺)	4.711s (~)	1.220s	7	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.368s (+3.7%)	2.509s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.141s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.382s (-2.5%)	3.008s (~)	0.626s	10	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.521s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.488s	10	1.84x
💻 Local	Express	2.540s (+2.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.468s	10	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.409s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.930s (+12.1% 🔺)	1.521s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.781s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.661s (+1.8%)	1.880s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.990s (+26.5% 🔺)	5.609s (+23.6% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.66x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.645s (+0.6%)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.493s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.933s (+38.3% 🔺)	6.180s (+23.3% 🔺)	1.247s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.460s (+1.0%)	6.016s (~)	0.556s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.512s (~)	6.217s (+3.3%)	0.705s	5	3.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.767s (+8.6% 🔺)	4.495s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.729s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.022s (+13.5% 🔺)	4.796s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.775s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.565s (+1.2%)	6.327s (+3.0%)	1.763s	5	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.556s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.449s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.598s (-0.6%)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.443s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+0.9%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.411s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.688s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.040s (+3.4%)	0.352s	58	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.666s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.325s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.658s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.693s (+3.4%)	4.345s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.652s	14	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.872s (-4.4%)	5.368s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.495s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.363s (-2.2%)	2.029s (~)	0.667s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.406s (-2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.600s	45	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.538s (+3.0%)	2.028s (+1.1%)	0.490s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.604s (+1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.403s	45	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.293s (+7.7% 🔺)	7.910s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.349s (+9.0% 🔺)	7.974s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.625s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.896s (+7.8% 🔺)	10.480s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.584s	9	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.752s (-3.3%)	3.111s (-3.4%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.077s (-3.1%)	3.626s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.548s	34	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	3.263s (-2.1%)	4.009s (~)	0.746s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.469s (+1.1%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.573s	30	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.063s (+3.2%)	13.838s (~)	1.775s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12.303s (+7.1% 🔺)	14.375s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.073s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.464s (+7.7% 🔺)	20.193s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.728s	6	1.53x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.228s (+3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.778s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.539s (+4.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.466s	60	2.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.580s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.631s (-1.7%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.374s	60	2.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.105s (+0.8%)	2.613s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.508s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.311s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.868s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.556s	21	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.351s (+20.1% 🔺)	3.555s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.203s	17	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.359s (+2.6%)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.658s	89	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.427s (-3.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.581s	30	6.76x
💻 Local	Express	2.581s (+2.0%)	3.010s (-1.1%)	0.429s	30	7.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.410s	30	7.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.587s (+20.0% 🔺)	3.093s (+24.2% 🔺)	1.506s	30	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.714s (+20.3% 🔺)	3.350s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.636s	28	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.269s (+26.2% 🔺)	4.938s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.670s	19	2.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.576s (~)	1.183s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.607s	102	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.889s (-16.5% 🟢)	7.301s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.412s	18	8.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.704s (-11.3% 🟢)	8.737s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.034s	14	9.90x
💻 Local	Express	5.837s (-2.4%)	8.158s (-3.9%)	2.321s	15	10.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.955s (+21.8% 🔺)	3.942s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.987s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.217s (+33.1% 🔺)	4.058s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.841s	30	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.141s (-1.4%)	5.953s (+3.9%)	1.811s	21	2.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.139s (-1.4%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.152s (+1.1%)	1.964s (~)	0.013s (+24.3% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.868s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.156s (-0.5%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-11.4% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.171s (+0.8%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.840s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.989s (+4.3%)	3.754s (+26.8% 🔺)	5.364s (+191.7% 🔺)	9.609s (+84.1% 🔺)	7.619s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.110s (+11.6% 🔺)	3.772s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.478s (+234.4% 🔺)	9.789s (+83.1% 🔺)	7.680s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.821s (+19.9% 🔺)	4.638s (+32.6% 🔺)	5.254s (+260.8% 🔺)	10.966s (+70.4% 🔺)	7.145s	10	1.92x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.551s (-1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.475s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.586s (-2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (-1.3%)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.618s (+1.0%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+2.4%)	2.027s (~)	0.409s	30	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.716s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.185s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.012s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.203s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.510s (-3.2%)	7.452s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.102s (-56.1% 🟢)	8.023s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.513s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.576s (+2.7%)	7.392s (+4.8%)	0.207s (-7.1% 🟢)	8.099s (+4.1%)	2.523s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.030s (+5.5% 🔺)	11.444s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.094s (-57.2% 🟢)	12.209s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.179s	5	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.765s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.045s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+89.3% 🔺)	1.074s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.309s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.236s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.886s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.889s (-3.2%)	0.653s	32	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	1.326s (-2.1%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	1.923s (~)	0.597s	32	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-2.6%)	1.976s (~)	0.001s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.654s	30	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.096s (-24.7% 🟢)	4.597s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.096s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.000s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.185s (-39.1% 🟢)	4.855s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.412s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.227s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.263s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.764s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.003s (+13.4% 🔺)	1.740s	9	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.926s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.494s (+3.2%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.510s (+3.2%)	0.584s	24	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.153s (-2.8%)	3.672s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.675s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.522s	17	1.64x
💻 Local	Express	3.239s (-2.5%)	3.839s (-1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	3.842s (-1.7%)	0.603s	16	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.485s (+0.8%)	3.989s (~)	0.001s (-17.3% 🟢)	4.032s (~)	0.547s	16	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.496s (~)	6.191s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.695s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.199s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.987s (+14.6% 🔺)	6.407s (+22.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.885s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.899s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.377s (~)	7.879s (+0.9%)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.042s (+1.1%)	1.665s	7	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, let's make sure:

• Configuration sidebar entry is directly above/below api-reference
• AGENTS.md has a line about every environment variable also needing a related entry in the docs

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 49a50e8 (AI decision).

This commit builds on the main-only v5 World-target architecture: it renames the first-party World factories to createWorld() (whereas stable canonically exports createLocalWorld/createVercelWorld and its runtime world.ts imports those names directly), and adds isWorkflowTargetWorldPath/relative-module resolution to packages/builders/src/world-target.ts, a file that does not exist on stable. The bulk of the diff is new v5-only docs/content/docs/v5/configuration/ pages (absent on stable); the one self-contained bit (the Postgres DATABASE_URL fallback) is entangled with these main-only API renames and cannot be cleanly separated.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

49a50e83d94656e1df123df1f27258fa7f1d3216

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Pivot from #2446's workflow.config.ts implementation to a smaller, explicit configuration docs update plus one package API cleanup.

This PR removes the original typed-config implementation entirely (no config file, no workflow/config subpath, no configured-World module aliasing). Instead, it documents the v5 configuration surface that exists today: environment variables, framework/plugin options, and WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD modules.

It also standardizes first-party World package factories on createWorld():

• @workflow/world-local now exports createWorld(args?: Partial<Config>) as the canonical local factory.
• @workflow/world-vercel now exports createWorld(config?: APIConfig) as the canonical Vercel factory.
• createLocalWorld() and createVercelWorld() remain as deprecated compatibility aliases.
• Runtime module loading still accepts legacy factory names so existing user modules do not break.

The public /worlds/:id routes continue to show the current v4 World pages for now. The v5 World docs live under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* and are ready for the stable upgrade path without adding new route trees or UI toggles in this PR.

Docs changes

Every variable, default, clamp, and precedence chain was verified against current source rather than copied from #2446's inventory.

• configuration (new top-level v5 section) - overview plus separate subpages for framework/plugin options, Worlds, runtime tuning, build diagnostics, and CLI/web UI. The reference content uses narrow sections instead of wide tables.
• v5 World pages - Local, Postgres, and Vercel World pages under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* document the v5 env vars, createWorld() samples, and advanced options that apply today.
• Local World - fixed queue concurrency default (1000), documents env vars, and uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Vercel World - clarifies that deployed workflows do not configure the Vercel World with WORKFLOW_VERCEL_*; those variables are for tooling that talks to Vercel from outside a deployment. Uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Postgres World - documents the DATABASE_URL fallback, workflow_ job prefix default, queue namespace, stream flush interval, and option-vs-env precedence.

Docs Preview

• Configuration overview: /v5/docs/configuration
• Framework options: /v5/docs/configuration/framework-options
• Worlds configuration: /v5/docs/configuration/worlds
• Runtime tuning: /v5/docs/configuration/runtime-tuning
• Build and diagnostics: /v5/docs/configuration/build-and-diagnostics
• CLI and web UI: /v5/docs/configuration/cli-and-web-ui
• v5 Local World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/local-world
• v5 Postgres World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/postgres-world
• v5 Vercel World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/vercel-world

Preview links require Vercel team access.

Verification

Local:

• corepack pnpm --filter docs build
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/configuration CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/deploying/world CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• corepack pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test -- src/reenqueue.test.ts src/tag.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres test -- src/queue.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/vitest test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core test -- src/runtime/world.test.ts src/runtime/world-target.test.ts (runs the package suite)

Note: full CI=true corepack pnpm test:docs currently fails on pre-existing Sandbox cookbook snippets in both v4 and v5 (Sandbox.sandboxId no longer exists in the installed @vercel/sandbox type), not on the new configuration pages.

Remote checks are rerunning on the latest push.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

• 📦 pnpm changeset - included for the package API cleanup
• 🔒 DCO sign-off passes
• 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ee5a814

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, ✅ 4 resolved, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.046s (+2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.046s (-1.1%)	1.015s (+0.9%)	0.969s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (-0.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.947s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.248s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.511s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.264s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.296s (+31.4% 🔺)	1.833s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.538s	10	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.358s (+47.3% 🔺)	1.643s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.079s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.927s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.085s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.911s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.504s (+6.1% 🔺)	3.097s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.594s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.592s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.891s (-4.2%)	1.299s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.786s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.774s	10	1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.458s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.484s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.536s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.485s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.530s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.490s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.533s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.753s (+0.6%)	13.752s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.999s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.024s (+3.0%)	13.802s (-1.1%)	1.778s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.609s (-2.4%)	14.439s (+1.8%)	1.829s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.625s (-0.5%)	14.027s (~)	0.402s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.644s (~)	14.022s (~)	0.378s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.696s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.331s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.799s (+0.6%)	14.028s (~)	0.229s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.682s (~)	18.906s (~)	2.223s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.780s (+3.7%)	18.691s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.911s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.858s (-0.6%)	19.492s (-1.4%)	1.634s	4	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	12.138s (-0.7%)	13.025s (~)	0.888s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.165s (-0.5%)	13.025s (~)	0.860s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.280s (~)	13.017s (~)	0.737s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.689s (+3.6%)	13.169s (+1.1%)	0.481s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	18.644s (+7.8% 🔺)	20.701s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.057s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	18.669s (+9.3% 🔺)	20.615s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.946s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.917s (+11.2% 🔺)	23.523s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.606s	4	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.182s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.422s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.584s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.433s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.447s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.559s	15	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.068s (-9.6% 🟢)	3.814s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.746s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.100s (-7.6% 🟢)	3.967s (+1.7%)	1.867s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.026s (+3.0%)	4.510s (-2.8%)	1.483s	7	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.357s (-3.0%)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.958s	13	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.308s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.826s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.518s	11	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	2.343s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.666s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.408s (+3.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.600s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.430s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.056s (-1.5%)	1.626s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.797s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.460s (+25.3% 🔺)	1.663s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.977s (+49.5% 🔺)	6.411s (+30.6% 🔺)	1.434s	5	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.604s (-1.5%)	4.263s (+3.0%)	2.659s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.173s (-32.5% 🟢)	5.016s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.842s	7	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.104s (-4.4%)	5.011s (+2.9%)	0.907s	6	2.56x
💻 Local	Express	4.926s (+11.6% 🔺)	5.346s (+3.2%)	0.420s	6	3.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.031s (+3.8%)	4.882s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.851s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.670s (+29.7% 🔺)	5.493s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.823s	6	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.154s (+30.4% 🔺)	6.503s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.349s	5	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (-0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (-0.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.567s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.475s (-1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.531s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.972s (+2.0%)	3.865s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.893s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.181s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.012s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.831s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.492s (+17.4% 🔺)	4.711s (~)	1.220s	7	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.368s (+3.7%)	2.509s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.141s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.382s (-2.5%)	3.008s (~)	0.626s	10	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.521s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.488s	10	1.84x
💻 Local	Express	2.540s (+2.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.468s	10	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.409s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.930s (+12.1% 🔺)	1.521s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.781s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.661s (+1.8%)	1.880s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.990s (+26.5% 🔺)	5.609s (+23.6% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.66x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.645s (+0.6%)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.493s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.933s (+38.3% 🔺)	6.180s (+23.3% 🔺)	1.247s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.460s (+1.0%)	6.016s (~)	0.556s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.512s (~)	6.217s (+3.3%)	0.705s	5	3.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.767s (+8.6% 🔺)	4.495s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.729s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.022s (+13.5% 🔺)	4.796s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.775s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.565s (+1.2%)	6.327s (+3.0%)	1.763s	5	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.556s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.449s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.598s (-0.6%)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.443s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+0.9%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.411s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.688s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.040s (+3.4%)	0.352s	58	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.666s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.325s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.658s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.693s (+3.4%)	4.345s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.652s	14	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.872s (-4.4%)	5.368s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.495s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.363s (-2.2%)	2.029s (~)	0.667s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.406s (-2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.600s	45	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.538s (+3.0%)	2.028s (+1.1%)	0.490s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.604s (+1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.403s	45	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.293s (+7.7% 🔺)	7.910s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.349s (+9.0% 🔺)	7.974s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.625s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.896s (+7.8% 🔺)	10.480s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.584s	9	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.752s (-3.3%)	3.111s (-3.4%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.077s (-3.1%)	3.626s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.548s	34	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	3.263s (-2.1%)	4.009s (~)	0.746s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.469s (+1.1%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.573s	30	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.063s (+3.2%)	13.838s (~)	1.775s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12.303s (+7.1% 🔺)	14.375s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.073s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.464s (+7.7% 🔺)	20.193s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.728s	6	1.53x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.228s (+3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.778s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.539s (+4.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.466s	60	2.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.580s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.631s (-1.7%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.374s	60	2.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.105s (+0.8%)	2.613s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.508s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.311s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.868s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.556s	21	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.351s (+20.1% 🔺)	3.555s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.203s	17	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.359s (+2.6%)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.658s	89	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.427s (-3.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.581s	30	6.76x
💻 Local	Express	2.581s (+2.0%)	3.010s (-1.1%)	0.429s	30	7.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.410s	30	7.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.587s (+20.0% 🔺)	3.093s (+24.2% 🔺)	1.506s	30	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.714s (+20.3% 🔺)	3.350s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.636s	28	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.269s (+26.2% 🔺)	4.938s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.670s	19	2.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.576s (~)	1.183s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.607s	102	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.889s (-16.5% 🟢)	7.301s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.412s	18	8.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.704s (-11.3% 🟢)	8.737s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.034s	14	9.90x
💻 Local	Express	5.837s (-2.4%)	8.158s (-3.9%)	2.321s	15	10.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.955s (+21.8% 🔺)	3.942s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.987s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.217s (+33.1% 🔺)	4.058s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.841s	30	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.141s (-1.4%)	5.953s (+3.9%)	1.811s	21	2.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.139s (-1.4%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.152s (+1.1%)	1.964s (~)	0.013s (+24.3% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.868s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.156s (-0.5%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-11.4% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.171s (+0.8%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.840s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.989s (+4.3%)	3.754s (+26.8% 🔺)	5.364s (+191.7% 🔺)	9.609s (+84.1% 🔺)	7.619s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.110s (+11.6% 🔺)	3.772s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.478s (+234.4% 🔺)	9.789s (+83.1% 🔺)	7.680s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.821s (+19.9% 🔺)	4.638s (+32.6% 🔺)	5.254s (+260.8% 🔺)	10.966s (+70.4% 🔺)	7.145s	10	1.92x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.551s (-1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.475s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.586s (-2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (-1.3%)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.618s (+1.0%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+2.4%)	2.027s (~)	0.409s	30	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.716s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.185s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.012s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.203s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.510s (-3.2%)	7.452s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.102s (-56.1% 🟢)	8.023s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.513s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.576s (+2.7%)	7.392s (+4.8%)	0.207s (-7.1% 🟢)	8.099s (+4.1%)	2.523s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.030s (+5.5% 🔺)	11.444s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.094s (-57.2% 🟢)	12.209s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.179s	5	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.765s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.045s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+89.3% 🔺)	1.074s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.309s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.236s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.886s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.889s (-3.2%)	0.653s	32	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	1.326s (-2.1%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	1.923s (~)	0.597s	32	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-2.6%)	1.976s (~)	0.001s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.654s	30	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.096s (-24.7% 🟢)	4.597s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.096s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.000s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.185s (-39.1% 🟢)	4.855s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.412s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.227s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.263s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.764s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.003s (+13.4% 🔺)	1.740s	9	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.926s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.494s (+3.2%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.510s (+3.2%)	0.584s	24	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.153s (-2.8%)	3.672s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.675s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.522s	17	1.64x
💻 Local	Express	3.239s (-2.5%)	3.839s (-1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	3.842s (-1.7%)	0.603s	16	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.485s (+0.8%)	3.989s (~)	0.001s (-17.3% 🟢)	4.032s (~)	0.547s	16	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.496s (~)	6.191s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.695s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.199s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.987s (+14.6% 🔺)	6.407s (+22.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.885s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.899s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.377s (~)	7.879s (+0.9%)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.042s (+1.1%)	1.665s	7	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, let's make sure:

• Configuration sidebar entry is directly above/below api-reference
• AGENTS.md has a line about every environment variable also needing a related entry in the docs

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 49a50e8 (AI decision).

This commit builds on the main-only v5 World-target architecture: it renames the first-party World factories to createWorld() (whereas stable canonically exports createLocalWorld/createVercelWorld and its runtime world.ts imports those names directly), and adds isWorkflowTargetWorldPath/relative-module resolution to packages/builders/src/world-target.ts, a file that does not exist on stable. The bulk of the diff is new v5-only docs/content/docs/v5/configuration/ pages (absent on stable); the one self-contained bit (the Postgres DATABASE_URL fallback) is entangled with these main-only API renames and cannot be cleanly separated.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

49a50e83d94656e1df123df1f27258fa7f1d3216

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Pivot from #2446's workflow.config.ts implementation to a smaller, explicit configuration docs update plus one package API cleanup.

This PR removes the original typed-config implementation entirely (no config file, no workflow/config subpath, no configured-World module aliasing). Instead, it documents the v5 configuration surface that exists today: environment variables, framework/plugin options, and WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD modules.

It also standardizes first-party World package factories on createWorld():

• @workflow/world-local now exports createWorld(args?: Partial<Config>) as the canonical local factory.
• @workflow/world-vercel now exports createWorld(config?: APIConfig) as the canonical Vercel factory.
• createLocalWorld() and createVercelWorld() remain as deprecated compatibility aliases.
• Runtime module loading still accepts legacy factory names so existing user modules do not break.

The public /worlds/:id routes continue to show the current v4 World pages for now. The v5 World docs live under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* and are ready for the stable upgrade path without adding new route trees or UI toggles in this PR.

Docs changes

Every variable, default, clamp, and precedence chain was verified against current source rather than copied from #2446's inventory.

• configuration (new top-level v5 section) - overview plus separate subpages for framework/plugin options, Worlds, runtime tuning, build diagnostics, and CLI/web UI. The reference content uses narrow sections instead of wide tables.
• v5 World pages - Local, Postgres, and Vercel World pages under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* document the v5 env vars, createWorld() samples, and advanced options that apply today.
• Local World - fixed queue concurrency default (1000), documents env vars, and uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Vercel World - clarifies that deployed workflows do not configure the Vercel World with WORKFLOW_VERCEL_*; those variables are for tooling that talks to Vercel from outside a deployment. Uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Postgres World - documents the DATABASE_URL fallback, workflow_ job prefix default, queue namespace, stream flush interval, and option-vs-env precedence.

Docs Preview

• Configuration overview: /v5/docs/configuration
• Framework options: /v5/docs/configuration/framework-options
• Worlds configuration: /v5/docs/configuration/worlds
• Runtime tuning: /v5/docs/configuration/runtime-tuning
• Build and diagnostics: /v5/docs/configuration/build-and-diagnostics
• CLI and web UI: /v5/docs/configuration/cli-and-web-ui
• v5 Local World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/local-world
• v5 Postgres World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/postgres-world
• v5 Vercel World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/vercel-world

Preview links require Vercel team access.

Verification

Local:

• corepack pnpm --filter docs build
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/configuration CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/deploying/world CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• corepack pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test -- src/reenqueue.test.ts src/tag.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres test -- src/queue.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/vitest test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core test -- src/runtime/world.test.ts src/runtime/world-target.test.ts (runs the package suite)

Note: full CI=true corepack pnpm test:docs currently fails on pre-existing Sandbox cookbook snippets in both v4 and v5 (Sandbox.sandboxId no longer exists in the installed @vercel/sandbox type), not on the new configuration pages.

Remote checks are rerunning on the latest push.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

• 📦 pnpm changeset - included for the package API cleanup
• 🔒 DCO sign-off passes
• 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ee5a814

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, ✅ 4 resolved, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.046s (+2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.046s (-1.1%)	1.015s (+0.9%)	0.969s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (-0.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.947s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.248s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.511s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.264s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.296s (+31.4% 🔺)	1.833s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.538s	10	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.358s (+47.3% 🔺)	1.643s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.079s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.927s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.085s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.911s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.504s (+6.1% 🔺)	3.097s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.594s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.592s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.891s (-4.2%)	1.299s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.786s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.774s	10	1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.458s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.484s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.536s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.485s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.530s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.490s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.533s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.753s (+0.6%)	13.752s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.999s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.024s (+3.0%)	13.802s (-1.1%)	1.778s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.609s (-2.4%)	14.439s (+1.8%)	1.829s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.625s (-0.5%)	14.027s (~)	0.402s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.644s (~)	14.022s (~)	0.378s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.696s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.331s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.799s (+0.6%)	14.028s (~)	0.229s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.682s (~)	18.906s (~)	2.223s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.780s (+3.7%)	18.691s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.911s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.858s (-0.6%)	19.492s (-1.4%)	1.634s	4	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	12.138s (-0.7%)	13.025s (~)	0.888s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.165s (-0.5%)	13.025s (~)	0.860s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.280s (~)	13.017s (~)	0.737s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.689s (+3.6%)	13.169s (+1.1%)	0.481s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	18.644s (+7.8% 🔺)	20.701s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.057s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	18.669s (+9.3% 🔺)	20.615s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.946s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.917s (+11.2% 🔺)	23.523s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.606s	4	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.182s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.422s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.584s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.433s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.447s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.559s	15	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.068s (-9.6% 🟢)	3.814s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.746s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.100s (-7.6% 🟢)	3.967s (+1.7%)	1.867s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.026s (+3.0%)	4.510s (-2.8%)	1.483s	7	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.357s (-3.0%)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.958s	13	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.308s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.826s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.518s	11	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	2.343s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.666s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.408s (+3.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.600s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.430s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.056s (-1.5%)	1.626s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.797s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.460s (+25.3% 🔺)	1.663s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.977s (+49.5% 🔺)	6.411s (+30.6% 🔺)	1.434s	5	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.604s (-1.5%)	4.263s (+3.0%)	2.659s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.173s (-32.5% 🟢)	5.016s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.842s	7	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.104s (-4.4%)	5.011s (+2.9%)	0.907s	6	2.56x
💻 Local	Express	4.926s (+11.6% 🔺)	5.346s (+3.2%)	0.420s	6	3.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.031s (+3.8%)	4.882s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.851s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.670s (+29.7% 🔺)	5.493s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.823s	6	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.154s (+30.4% 🔺)	6.503s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.349s	5	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (-0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (-0.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.567s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.475s (-1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.531s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.972s (+2.0%)	3.865s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.893s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.181s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.012s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.831s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.492s (+17.4% 🔺)	4.711s (~)	1.220s	7	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.368s (+3.7%)	2.509s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.141s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.382s (-2.5%)	3.008s (~)	0.626s	10	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.521s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.488s	10	1.84x
💻 Local	Express	2.540s (+2.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.468s	10	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.409s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.930s (+12.1% 🔺)	1.521s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.781s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.661s (+1.8%)	1.880s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.990s (+26.5% 🔺)	5.609s (+23.6% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.66x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.645s (+0.6%)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.493s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.933s (+38.3% 🔺)	6.180s (+23.3% 🔺)	1.247s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.460s (+1.0%)	6.016s (~)	0.556s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.512s (~)	6.217s (+3.3%)	0.705s	5	3.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.767s (+8.6% 🔺)	4.495s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.729s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.022s (+13.5% 🔺)	4.796s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.775s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.565s (+1.2%)	6.327s (+3.0%)	1.763s	5	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.556s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.449s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.598s (-0.6%)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.443s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+0.9%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.411s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.688s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.040s (+3.4%)	0.352s	58	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.666s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.325s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.658s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.693s (+3.4%)	4.345s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.652s	14	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.872s (-4.4%)	5.368s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.495s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.363s (-2.2%)	2.029s (~)	0.667s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.406s (-2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.600s	45	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.538s (+3.0%)	2.028s (+1.1%)	0.490s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.604s (+1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.403s	45	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.293s (+7.7% 🔺)	7.910s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.349s (+9.0% 🔺)	7.974s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.625s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.896s (+7.8% 🔺)	10.480s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.584s	9	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.752s (-3.3%)	3.111s (-3.4%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.077s (-3.1%)	3.626s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.548s	34	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	3.263s (-2.1%)	4.009s (~)	0.746s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.469s (+1.1%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.573s	30	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.063s (+3.2%)	13.838s (~)	1.775s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12.303s (+7.1% 🔺)	14.375s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.073s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.464s (+7.7% 🔺)	20.193s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.728s	6	1.53x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.228s (+3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.778s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.539s (+4.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.466s	60	2.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.580s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.631s (-1.7%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.374s	60	2.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.105s (+0.8%)	2.613s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.508s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.311s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.868s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.556s	21	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.351s (+20.1% 🔺)	3.555s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.203s	17	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.359s (+2.6%)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.658s	89	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.427s (-3.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.581s	30	6.76x
💻 Local	Express	2.581s (+2.0%)	3.010s (-1.1%)	0.429s	30	7.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.410s	30	7.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.587s (+20.0% 🔺)	3.093s (+24.2% 🔺)	1.506s	30	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.714s (+20.3% 🔺)	3.350s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.636s	28	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.269s (+26.2% 🔺)	4.938s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.670s	19	2.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.576s (~)	1.183s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.607s	102	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.889s (-16.5% 🟢)	7.301s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.412s	18	8.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.704s (-11.3% 🟢)	8.737s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.034s	14	9.90x
💻 Local	Express	5.837s (-2.4%)	8.158s (-3.9%)	2.321s	15	10.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.955s (+21.8% 🔺)	3.942s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.987s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.217s (+33.1% 🔺)	4.058s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.841s	30	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.141s (-1.4%)	5.953s (+3.9%)	1.811s	21	2.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.139s (-1.4%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.152s (+1.1%)	1.964s (~)	0.013s (+24.3% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.868s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.156s (-0.5%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-11.4% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.171s (+0.8%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.840s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.989s (+4.3%)	3.754s (+26.8% 🔺)	5.364s (+191.7% 🔺)	9.609s (+84.1% 🔺)	7.619s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.110s (+11.6% 🔺)	3.772s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.478s (+234.4% 🔺)	9.789s (+83.1% 🔺)	7.680s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.821s (+19.9% 🔺)	4.638s (+32.6% 🔺)	5.254s (+260.8% 🔺)	10.966s (+70.4% 🔺)	7.145s	10	1.92x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.551s (-1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.475s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.586s (-2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (-1.3%)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.618s (+1.0%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+2.4%)	2.027s (~)	0.409s	30	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.716s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.185s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.012s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.203s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.510s (-3.2%)	7.452s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.102s (-56.1% 🟢)	8.023s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.513s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.576s (+2.7%)	7.392s (+4.8%)	0.207s (-7.1% 🟢)	8.099s (+4.1%)	2.523s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.030s (+5.5% 🔺)	11.444s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.094s (-57.2% 🟢)	12.209s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.179s	5	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.765s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.045s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+89.3% 🔺)	1.074s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.309s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.236s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.886s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.889s (-3.2%)	0.653s	32	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	1.326s (-2.1%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	1.923s (~)	0.597s	32	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-2.6%)	1.976s (~)	0.001s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.654s	30	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.096s (-24.7% 🟢)	4.597s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.096s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.000s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.185s (-39.1% 🟢)	4.855s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.412s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.227s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.263s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.764s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.003s (+13.4% 🔺)	1.740s	9	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.926s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.494s (+3.2%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.510s (+3.2%)	0.584s	24	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.153s (-2.8%)	3.672s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.675s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.522s	17	1.64x
💻 Local	Express	3.239s (-2.5%)	3.839s (-1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	3.842s (-1.7%)	0.603s	16	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.485s (+0.8%)	3.989s (~)	0.001s (-17.3% 🟢)	4.032s (~)	0.547s	16	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.496s (~)	6.191s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.695s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.199s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.987s (+14.6% 🔺)	6.407s (+22.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.885s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.899s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.377s (~)	7.879s (+0.9%)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.042s (+1.1%)	1.665s	7	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, let's make sure:

• Configuration sidebar entry is directly above/below api-reference
• AGENTS.md has a line about every environment variable also needing a related entry in the docs

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 49a50e8 (AI decision).

This commit builds on the main-only v5 World-target architecture: it renames the first-party World factories to createWorld() (whereas stable canonically exports createLocalWorld/createVercelWorld and its runtime world.ts imports those names directly), and adds isWorkflowTargetWorldPath/relative-module resolution to packages/builders/src/world-target.ts, a file that does not exist on stable. The bulk of the diff is new v5-only docs/content/docs/v5/configuration/ pages (absent on stable); the one self-contained bit (the Postgres DATABASE_URL fallback) is entangled with these main-only API renames and cannot be cleanly separated.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

49a50e83d94656e1df123df1f27258fa7f1d3216

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Pivot from #2446's workflow.config.ts implementation to a smaller, explicit configuration docs update plus one package API cleanup.

This PR removes the original typed-config implementation entirely (no config file, no workflow/config subpath, no configured-World module aliasing). Instead, it documents the v5 configuration surface that exists today: environment variables, framework/plugin options, and WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD modules.

It also standardizes first-party World package factories on createWorld():

• @workflow/world-local now exports createWorld(args?: Partial<Config>) as the canonical local factory.
• @workflow/world-vercel now exports createWorld(config?: APIConfig) as the canonical Vercel factory.
• createLocalWorld() and createVercelWorld() remain as deprecated compatibility aliases.
• Runtime module loading still accepts legacy factory names so existing user modules do not break.

The public /worlds/:id routes continue to show the current v4 World pages for now. The v5 World docs live under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* and are ready for the stable upgrade path without adding new route trees or UI toggles in this PR.

Docs changes

Every variable, default, clamp, and precedence chain was verified against current source rather than copied from #2446's inventory.

• configuration (new top-level v5 section) - overview plus separate subpages for framework/plugin options, Worlds, runtime tuning, build diagnostics, and CLI/web UI. The reference content uses narrow sections instead of wide tables.
• v5 World pages - Local, Postgres, and Vercel World pages under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* document the v5 env vars, createWorld() samples, and advanced options that apply today.
• Local World - fixed queue concurrency default (1000), documents env vars, and uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Vercel World - clarifies that deployed workflows do not configure the Vercel World with WORKFLOW_VERCEL_*; those variables are for tooling that talks to Vercel from outside a deployment. Uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Postgres World - documents the DATABASE_URL fallback, workflow_ job prefix default, queue namespace, stream flush interval, and option-vs-env precedence.

Docs Preview

• Configuration overview: /v5/docs/configuration
• Framework options: /v5/docs/configuration/framework-options
• Worlds configuration: /v5/docs/configuration/worlds
• Runtime tuning: /v5/docs/configuration/runtime-tuning
• Build and diagnostics: /v5/docs/configuration/build-and-diagnostics
• CLI and web UI: /v5/docs/configuration/cli-and-web-ui
• v5 Local World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/local-world
• v5 Postgres World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/postgres-world
• v5 Vercel World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/vercel-world

Preview links require Vercel team access.

Verification

Local:

• corepack pnpm --filter docs build
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/configuration CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/deploying/world CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• corepack pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test -- src/reenqueue.test.ts src/tag.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres test -- src/queue.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/vitest test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core test -- src/runtime/world.test.ts src/runtime/world-target.test.ts (runs the package suite)

Note: full CI=true corepack pnpm test:docs currently fails on pre-existing Sandbox cookbook snippets in both v4 and v5 (Sandbox.sandboxId no longer exists in the installed @vercel/sandbox type), not on the new configuration pages.

Remote checks are rerunning on the latest push.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

• 📦 pnpm changeset - included for the package API cleanup
• 🔒 DCO sign-off passes
• 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ee5a814

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, ✅ 4 resolved, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.046s (+2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.046s (-1.1%)	1.015s (+0.9%)	0.969s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (-0.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.947s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.248s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.511s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.264s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.296s (+31.4% 🔺)	1.833s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.538s	10	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.358s (+47.3% 🔺)	1.643s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.079s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.927s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.085s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.911s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.504s (+6.1% 🔺)	3.097s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.594s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.592s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.891s (-4.2%)	1.299s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.786s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.774s	10	1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.458s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.484s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.536s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.485s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.530s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.490s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.533s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.753s (+0.6%)	13.752s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.999s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.024s (+3.0%)	13.802s (-1.1%)	1.778s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.609s (-2.4%)	14.439s (+1.8%)	1.829s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.625s (-0.5%)	14.027s (~)	0.402s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.644s (~)	14.022s (~)	0.378s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.696s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.331s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.799s (+0.6%)	14.028s (~)	0.229s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.682s (~)	18.906s (~)	2.223s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.780s (+3.7%)	18.691s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.911s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.858s (-0.6%)	19.492s (-1.4%)	1.634s	4	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	12.138s (-0.7%)	13.025s (~)	0.888s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.165s (-0.5%)	13.025s (~)	0.860s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.280s (~)	13.017s (~)	0.737s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.689s (+3.6%)	13.169s (+1.1%)	0.481s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	18.644s (+7.8% 🔺)	20.701s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.057s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	18.669s (+9.3% 🔺)	20.615s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.946s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.917s (+11.2% 🔺)	23.523s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.606s	4	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.182s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.422s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.584s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.433s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.447s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.559s	15	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.068s (-9.6% 🟢)	3.814s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.746s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.100s (-7.6% 🟢)	3.967s (+1.7%)	1.867s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.026s (+3.0%)	4.510s (-2.8%)	1.483s	7	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.357s (-3.0%)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.958s	13	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.308s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.826s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.518s	11	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	2.343s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.666s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.408s (+3.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.600s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.430s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.056s (-1.5%)	1.626s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.797s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.460s (+25.3% 🔺)	1.663s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.977s (+49.5% 🔺)	6.411s (+30.6% 🔺)	1.434s	5	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.604s (-1.5%)	4.263s (+3.0%)	2.659s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.173s (-32.5% 🟢)	5.016s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.842s	7	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.104s (-4.4%)	5.011s (+2.9%)	0.907s	6	2.56x
💻 Local	Express	4.926s (+11.6% 🔺)	5.346s (+3.2%)	0.420s	6	3.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.031s (+3.8%)	4.882s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.851s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.670s (+29.7% 🔺)	5.493s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.823s	6	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.154s (+30.4% 🔺)	6.503s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.349s	5	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (-0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (-0.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.567s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.475s (-1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.531s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.972s (+2.0%)	3.865s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.893s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.181s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.012s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.831s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.492s (+17.4% 🔺)	4.711s (~)	1.220s	7	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.368s (+3.7%)	2.509s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.141s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.382s (-2.5%)	3.008s (~)	0.626s	10	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.521s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.488s	10	1.84x
💻 Local	Express	2.540s (+2.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.468s	10	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.409s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.930s (+12.1% 🔺)	1.521s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.781s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.661s (+1.8%)	1.880s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.990s (+26.5% 🔺)	5.609s (+23.6% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.66x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.645s (+0.6%)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.493s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.933s (+38.3% 🔺)	6.180s (+23.3% 🔺)	1.247s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.460s (+1.0%)	6.016s (~)	0.556s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.512s (~)	6.217s (+3.3%)	0.705s	5	3.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.767s (+8.6% 🔺)	4.495s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.729s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.022s (+13.5% 🔺)	4.796s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.775s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.565s (+1.2%)	6.327s (+3.0%)	1.763s	5	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.556s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.449s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.598s (-0.6%)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.443s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+0.9%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.411s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.688s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.040s (+3.4%)	0.352s	58	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.666s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.325s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.658s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.693s (+3.4%)	4.345s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.652s	14	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.872s (-4.4%)	5.368s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.495s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.363s (-2.2%)	2.029s (~)	0.667s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.406s (-2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.600s	45	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.538s (+3.0%)	2.028s (+1.1%)	0.490s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.604s (+1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.403s	45	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.293s (+7.7% 🔺)	7.910s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.349s (+9.0% 🔺)	7.974s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.625s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.896s (+7.8% 🔺)	10.480s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.584s	9	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.752s (-3.3%)	3.111s (-3.4%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.077s (-3.1%)	3.626s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.548s	34	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	3.263s (-2.1%)	4.009s (~)	0.746s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.469s (+1.1%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.573s	30	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.063s (+3.2%)	13.838s (~)	1.775s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12.303s (+7.1% 🔺)	14.375s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.073s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.464s (+7.7% 🔺)	20.193s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.728s	6	1.53x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.228s (+3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.778s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.539s (+4.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.466s	60	2.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.580s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.631s (-1.7%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.374s	60	2.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.105s (+0.8%)	2.613s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.508s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.311s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.868s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.556s	21	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.351s (+20.1% 🔺)	3.555s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.203s	17	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.359s (+2.6%)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.658s	89	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.427s (-3.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.581s	30	6.76x
💻 Local	Express	2.581s (+2.0%)	3.010s (-1.1%)	0.429s	30	7.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.410s	30	7.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.587s (+20.0% 🔺)	3.093s (+24.2% 🔺)	1.506s	30	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.714s (+20.3% 🔺)	3.350s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.636s	28	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.269s (+26.2% 🔺)	4.938s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.670s	19	2.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.576s (~)	1.183s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.607s	102	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.889s (-16.5% 🟢)	7.301s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.412s	18	8.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.704s (-11.3% 🟢)	8.737s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.034s	14	9.90x
💻 Local	Express	5.837s (-2.4%)	8.158s (-3.9%)	2.321s	15	10.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.955s (+21.8% 🔺)	3.942s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.987s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.217s (+33.1% 🔺)	4.058s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.841s	30	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.141s (-1.4%)	5.953s (+3.9%)	1.811s	21	2.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.139s (-1.4%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.152s (+1.1%)	1.964s (~)	0.013s (+24.3% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.868s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.156s (-0.5%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-11.4% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.171s (+0.8%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.840s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.989s (+4.3%)	3.754s (+26.8% 🔺)	5.364s (+191.7% 🔺)	9.609s (+84.1% 🔺)	7.619s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.110s (+11.6% 🔺)	3.772s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.478s (+234.4% 🔺)	9.789s (+83.1% 🔺)	7.680s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.821s (+19.9% 🔺)	4.638s (+32.6% 🔺)	5.254s (+260.8% 🔺)	10.966s (+70.4% 🔺)	7.145s	10	1.92x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.551s (-1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.475s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.586s (-2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (-1.3%)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.618s (+1.0%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+2.4%)	2.027s (~)	0.409s	30	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.716s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.185s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.012s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.203s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.510s (-3.2%)	7.452s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.102s (-56.1% 🟢)	8.023s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.513s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.576s (+2.7%)	7.392s (+4.8%)	0.207s (-7.1% 🟢)	8.099s (+4.1%)	2.523s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.030s (+5.5% 🔺)	11.444s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.094s (-57.2% 🟢)	12.209s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.179s	5	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.765s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.045s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+89.3% 🔺)	1.074s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.309s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.236s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.886s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.889s (-3.2%)	0.653s	32	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	1.326s (-2.1%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	1.923s (~)	0.597s	32	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-2.6%)	1.976s (~)	0.001s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.654s	30	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.096s (-24.7% 🟢)	4.597s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.096s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.000s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.185s (-39.1% 🟢)	4.855s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.412s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.227s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.263s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.764s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.003s (+13.4% 🔺)	1.740s	9	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.926s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.494s (+3.2%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.510s (+3.2%)	0.584s	24	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.153s (-2.8%)	3.672s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.675s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.522s	17	1.64x
💻 Local	Express	3.239s (-2.5%)	3.839s (-1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	3.842s (-1.7%)	0.603s	16	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.485s (+0.8%)	3.989s (~)	0.001s (-17.3% 🟢)	4.032s (~)	0.547s	16	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.496s (~)	6.191s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.695s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.199s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.987s (+14.6% 🔺)	6.407s (+22.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.885s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.899s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.377s (~)	7.879s (+0.9%)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.042s (+1.1%)	1.665s	7	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, let's make sure:

• Configuration sidebar entry is directly above/below api-reference
• AGENTS.md has a line about every environment variable also needing a related entry in the docs

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 49a50e8 (AI decision).

This commit builds on the main-only v5 World-target architecture: it renames the first-party World factories to createWorld() (whereas stable canonically exports createLocalWorld/createVercelWorld and its runtime world.ts imports those names directly), and adds isWorkflowTargetWorldPath/relative-module resolution to packages/builders/src/world-target.ts, a file that does not exist on stable. The bulk of the diff is new v5-only docs/content/docs/v5/configuration/ pages (absent on stable); the one self-contained bit (the Postgres DATABASE_URL fallback) is entangled with these main-only API renames and cannot be cleanly separated.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

49a50e83d94656e1df123df1f27258fa7f1d3216

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Pivot from #2446's workflow.config.ts implementation to a smaller, explicit configuration docs update plus one package API cleanup.

This PR removes the original typed-config implementation entirely (no config file, no workflow/config subpath, no configured-World module aliasing). Instead, it documents the v5 configuration surface that exists today: environment variables, framework/plugin options, and WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD modules.

It also standardizes first-party World package factories on createWorld():

• @workflow/world-local now exports createWorld(args?: Partial<Config>) as the canonical local factory.
• @workflow/world-vercel now exports createWorld(config?: APIConfig) as the canonical Vercel factory.
• createLocalWorld() and createVercelWorld() remain as deprecated compatibility aliases.
• Runtime module loading still accepts legacy factory names so existing user modules do not break.

The public /worlds/:id routes continue to show the current v4 World pages for now. The v5 World docs live under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* and are ready for the stable upgrade path without adding new route trees or UI toggles in this PR.

Docs changes

Every variable, default, clamp, and precedence chain was verified against current source rather than copied from #2446's inventory.

• configuration (new top-level v5 section) - overview plus separate subpages for framework/plugin options, Worlds, runtime tuning, build diagnostics, and CLI/web UI. The reference content uses narrow sections instead of wide tables.
• v5 World pages - Local, Postgres, and Vercel World pages under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* document the v5 env vars, createWorld() samples, and advanced options that apply today.
• Local World - fixed queue concurrency default (1000), documents env vars, and uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Vercel World - clarifies that deployed workflows do not configure the Vercel World with WORKFLOW_VERCEL_*; those variables are for tooling that talks to Vercel from outside a deployment. Uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Postgres World - documents the DATABASE_URL fallback, workflow_ job prefix default, queue namespace, stream flush interval, and option-vs-env precedence.

Docs Preview

• Configuration overview: /v5/docs/configuration
• Framework options: /v5/docs/configuration/framework-options
• Worlds configuration: /v5/docs/configuration/worlds
• Runtime tuning: /v5/docs/configuration/runtime-tuning
• Build and diagnostics: /v5/docs/configuration/build-and-diagnostics
• CLI and web UI: /v5/docs/configuration/cli-and-web-ui
• v5 Local World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/local-world
• v5 Postgres World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/postgres-world
• v5 Vercel World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/vercel-world

Preview links require Vercel team access.

Verification

Local:

• corepack pnpm --filter docs build
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/configuration CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/deploying/world CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• corepack pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test -- src/reenqueue.test.ts src/tag.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres test -- src/queue.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/vitest test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core test -- src/runtime/world.test.ts src/runtime/world-target.test.ts (runs the package suite)

Note: full CI=true corepack pnpm test:docs currently fails on pre-existing Sandbox cookbook snippets in both v4 and v5 (Sandbox.sandboxId no longer exists in the installed @vercel/sandbox type), not on the new configuration pages.

Remote checks are rerunning on the latest push.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

• 📦 pnpm changeset - included for the package API cleanup
• 🔒 DCO sign-off passes
• 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ee5a814

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, ✅ 4 resolved, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.046s (+2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.046s (-1.1%)	1.015s (+0.9%)	0.969s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (-0.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.947s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.248s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.511s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.264s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.296s (+31.4% 🔺)	1.833s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.538s	10	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.358s (+47.3% 🔺)	1.643s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.079s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.927s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.085s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.911s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.504s (+6.1% 🔺)	3.097s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.594s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.592s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.891s (-4.2%)	1.299s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.786s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.774s	10	1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.458s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.484s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.536s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.485s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.530s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.490s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.533s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.753s (+0.6%)	13.752s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.999s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.024s (+3.0%)	13.802s (-1.1%)	1.778s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.609s (-2.4%)	14.439s (+1.8%)	1.829s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.625s (-0.5%)	14.027s (~)	0.402s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.644s (~)	14.022s (~)	0.378s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.696s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.331s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.799s (+0.6%)	14.028s (~)	0.229s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.682s (~)	18.906s (~)	2.223s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.780s (+3.7%)	18.691s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.911s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.858s (-0.6%)	19.492s (-1.4%)	1.634s	4	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	12.138s (-0.7%)	13.025s (~)	0.888s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.165s (-0.5%)	13.025s (~)	0.860s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.280s (~)	13.017s (~)	0.737s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.689s (+3.6%)	13.169s (+1.1%)	0.481s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	18.644s (+7.8% 🔺)	20.701s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.057s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	18.669s (+9.3% 🔺)	20.615s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.946s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.917s (+11.2% 🔺)	23.523s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.606s	4	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.182s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.422s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.584s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.433s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.447s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.559s	15	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.068s (-9.6% 🟢)	3.814s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.746s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.100s (-7.6% 🟢)	3.967s (+1.7%)	1.867s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.026s (+3.0%)	4.510s (-2.8%)	1.483s	7	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.357s (-3.0%)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.958s	13	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.308s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.826s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.518s	11	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	2.343s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.666s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.408s (+3.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.600s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.430s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.056s (-1.5%)	1.626s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.797s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.460s (+25.3% 🔺)	1.663s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.977s (+49.5% 🔺)	6.411s (+30.6% 🔺)	1.434s	5	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.604s (-1.5%)	4.263s (+3.0%)	2.659s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.173s (-32.5% 🟢)	5.016s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.842s	7	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.104s (-4.4%)	5.011s (+2.9%)	0.907s	6	2.56x
💻 Local	Express	4.926s (+11.6% 🔺)	5.346s (+3.2%)	0.420s	6	3.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.031s (+3.8%)	4.882s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.851s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.670s (+29.7% 🔺)	5.493s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.823s	6	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.154s (+30.4% 🔺)	6.503s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.349s	5	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (-0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (-0.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.567s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.475s (-1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.531s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.972s (+2.0%)	3.865s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.893s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.181s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.012s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.831s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.492s (+17.4% 🔺)	4.711s (~)	1.220s	7	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.368s (+3.7%)	2.509s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.141s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.382s (-2.5%)	3.008s (~)	0.626s	10	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.521s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.488s	10	1.84x
💻 Local	Express	2.540s (+2.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.468s	10	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.409s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.930s (+12.1% 🔺)	1.521s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.781s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.661s (+1.8%)	1.880s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.990s (+26.5% 🔺)	5.609s (+23.6% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.66x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.645s (+0.6%)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.493s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.933s (+38.3% 🔺)	6.180s (+23.3% 🔺)	1.247s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.460s (+1.0%)	6.016s (~)	0.556s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.512s (~)	6.217s (+3.3%)	0.705s	5	3.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.767s (+8.6% 🔺)	4.495s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.729s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.022s (+13.5% 🔺)	4.796s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.775s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.565s (+1.2%)	6.327s (+3.0%)	1.763s	5	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.556s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.449s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.598s (-0.6%)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.443s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+0.9%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.411s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.688s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.040s (+3.4%)	0.352s	58	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.666s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.325s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.658s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.693s (+3.4%)	4.345s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.652s	14	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.872s (-4.4%)	5.368s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.495s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.363s (-2.2%)	2.029s (~)	0.667s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.406s (-2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.600s	45	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.538s (+3.0%)	2.028s (+1.1%)	0.490s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.604s (+1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.403s	45	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.293s (+7.7% 🔺)	7.910s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.349s (+9.0% 🔺)	7.974s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.625s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.896s (+7.8% 🔺)	10.480s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.584s	9	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.752s (-3.3%)	3.111s (-3.4%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.077s (-3.1%)	3.626s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.548s	34	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	3.263s (-2.1%)	4.009s (~)	0.746s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.469s (+1.1%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.573s	30	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.063s (+3.2%)	13.838s (~)	1.775s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12.303s (+7.1% 🔺)	14.375s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.073s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.464s (+7.7% 🔺)	20.193s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.728s	6	1.53x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.228s (+3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.778s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.539s (+4.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.466s	60	2.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.580s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.631s (-1.7%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.374s	60	2.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.105s (+0.8%)	2.613s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.508s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.311s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.868s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.556s	21	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.351s (+20.1% 🔺)	3.555s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.203s	17	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.359s (+2.6%)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.658s	89	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.427s (-3.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.581s	30	6.76x
💻 Local	Express	2.581s (+2.0%)	3.010s (-1.1%)	0.429s	30	7.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.410s	30	7.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.587s (+20.0% 🔺)	3.093s (+24.2% 🔺)	1.506s	30	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.714s (+20.3% 🔺)	3.350s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.636s	28	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.269s (+26.2% 🔺)	4.938s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.670s	19	2.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.576s (~)	1.183s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.607s	102	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.889s (-16.5% 🟢)	7.301s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.412s	18	8.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.704s (-11.3% 🟢)	8.737s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.034s	14	9.90x
💻 Local	Express	5.837s (-2.4%)	8.158s (-3.9%)	2.321s	15	10.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.955s (+21.8% 🔺)	3.942s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.987s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.217s (+33.1% 🔺)	4.058s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.841s	30	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.141s (-1.4%)	5.953s (+3.9%)	1.811s	21	2.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.139s (-1.4%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.152s (+1.1%)	1.964s (~)	0.013s (+24.3% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.868s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.156s (-0.5%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-11.4% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.171s (+0.8%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.840s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.989s (+4.3%)	3.754s (+26.8% 🔺)	5.364s (+191.7% 🔺)	9.609s (+84.1% 🔺)	7.619s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.110s (+11.6% 🔺)	3.772s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.478s (+234.4% 🔺)	9.789s (+83.1% 🔺)	7.680s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.821s (+19.9% 🔺)	4.638s (+32.6% 🔺)	5.254s (+260.8% 🔺)	10.966s (+70.4% 🔺)	7.145s	10	1.92x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.551s (-1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.475s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.586s (-2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (-1.3%)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.618s (+1.0%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+2.4%)	2.027s (~)	0.409s	30	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.716s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.185s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.012s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.203s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.510s (-3.2%)	7.452s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.102s (-56.1% 🟢)	8.023s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.513s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.576s (+2.7%)	7.392s (+4.8%)	0.207s (-7.1% 🟢)	8.099s (+4.1%)	2.523s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.030s (+5.5% 🔺)	11.444s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.094s (-57.2% 🟢)	12.209s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.179s	5	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.765s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.045s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+89.3% 🔺)	1.074s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.309s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.236s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.886s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.889s (-3.2%)	0.653s	32	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	1.326s (-2.1%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	1.923s (~)	0.597s	32	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-2.6%)	1.976s (~)	0.001s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.654s	30	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.096s (-24.7% 🟢)	4.597s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.096s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.000s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.185s (-39.1% 🟢)	4.855s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.412s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.227s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.263s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.764s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.003s (+13.4% 🔺)	1.740s	9	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.926s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.494s (+3.2%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.510s (+3.2%)	0.584s	24	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.153s (-2.8%)	3.672s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.675s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.522s	17	1.64x
💻 Local	Express	3.239s (-2.5%)	3.839s (-1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	3.842s (-1.7%)	0.603s	16	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.485s (+0.8%)	3.989s (~)	0.001s (-17.3% 🟢)	4.032s (~)	0.547s	16	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.496s (~)	6.191s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.695s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.199s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.987s (+14.6% 🔺)	6.407s (+22.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.885s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.899s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.377s (~)	7.879s (+0.9%)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.042s (+1.1%)	1.665s	7	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, let's make sure:

• Configuration sidebar entry is directly above/below api-reference
• AGENTS.md has a line about every environment variable also needing a related entry in the docs

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 49a50e8 (AI decision).

This commit builds on the main-only v5 World-target architecture: it renames the first-party World factories to createWorld() (whereas stable canonically exports createLocalWorld/createVercelWorld and its runtime world.ts imports those names directly), and adds isWorkflowTargetWorldPath/relative-module resolution to packages/builders/src/world-target.ts, a file that does not exist on stable. The bulk of the diff is new v5-only docs/content/docs/v5/configuration/ pages (absent on stable); the one self-contained bit (the Postgres DATABASE_URL fallback) is entangled with these main-only API renames and cannot be cleanly separated.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

49a50e83d94656e1df123df1f27258fa7f1d3216

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Pivot from #2446's workflow.config.ts implementation to a smaller, explicit configuration docs update plus one package API cleanup.

This PR removes the original typed-config implementation entirely (no config file, no workflow/config subpath, no configured-World module aliasing). Instead, it documents the v5 configuration surface that exists today: environment variables, framework/plugin options, and WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD modules.

It also standardizes first-party World package factories on createWorld():

• @workflow/world-local now exports createWorld(args?: Partial<Config>) as the canonical local factory.
• @workflow/world-vercel now exports createWorld(config?: APIConfig) as the canonical Vercel factory.
• createLocalWorld() and createVercelWorld() remain as deprecated compatibility aliases.
• Runtime module loading still accepts legacy factory names so existing user modules do not break.

The public /worlds/:id routes continue to show the current v4 World pages for now. The v5 World docs live under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* and are ready for the stable upgrade path without adding new route trees or UI toggles in this PR.

Docs changes

Every variable, default, clamp, and precedence chain was verified against current source rather than copied from #2446's inventory.

• configuration (new top-level v5 section) - overview plus separate subpages for framework/plugin options, Worlds, runtime tuning, build diagnostics, and CLI/web UI. The reference content uses narrow sections instead of wide tables.
• v5 World pages - Local, Postgres, and Vercel World pages under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* document the v5 env vars, createWorld() samples, and advanced options that apply today.
• Local World - fixed queue concurrency default (1000), documents env vars, and uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Vercel World - clarifies that deployed workflows do not configure the Vercel World with WORKFLOW_VERCEL_*; those variables are for tooling that talks to Vercel from outside a deployment. Uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Postgres World - documents the DATABASE_URL fallback, workflow_ job prefix default, queue namespace, stream flush interval, and option-vs-env precedence.

Docs Preview

• Configuration overview: /v5/docs/configuration
• Framework options: /v5/docs/configuration/framework-options
• Worlds configuration: /v5/docs/configuration/worlds
• Runtime tuning: /v5/docs/configuration/runtime-tuning
• Build and diagnostics: /v5/docs/configuration/build-and-diagnostics
• CLI and web UI: /v5/docs/configuration/cli-and-web-ui
• v5 Local World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/local-world
• v5 Postgres World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/postgres-world
• v5 Vercel World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/vercel-world

Preview links require Vercel team access.

Verification

Local:

• corepack pnpm --filter docs build
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/configuration CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/deploying/world CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• corepack pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test -- src/reenqueue.test.ts src/tag.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres test -- src/queue.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/vitest test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core test -- src/runtime/world.test.ts src/runtime/world-target.test.ts (runs the package suite)

Note: full CI=true corepack pnpm test:docs currently fails on pre-existing Sandbox cookbook snippets in both v4 and v5 (Sandbox.sandboxId no longer exists in the installed @vercel/sandbox type), not on the new configuration pages.

Remote checks are rerunning on the latest push.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

• 📦 pnpm changeset - included for the package API cleanup
• 🔒 DCO sign-off passes
• 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ee5a814

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, ✅ 4 resolved, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.046s (+2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.046s (-1.1%)	1.015s (+0.9%)	0.969s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (-0.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.947s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.248s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.511s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.264s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.296s (+31.4% 🔺)	1.833s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.538s	10	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.358s (+47.3% 🔺)	1.643s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.079s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.927s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.085s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.911s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.504s (+6.1% 🔺)	3.097s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.594s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.592s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.891s (-4.2%)	1.299s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.786s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.774s	10	1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.458s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.484s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.536s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.485s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.530s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.490s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.533s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.753s (+0.6%)	13.752s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.999s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.024s (+3.0%)	13.802s (-1.1%)	1.778s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.609s (-2.4%)	14.439s (+1.8%)	1.829s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.625s (-0.5%)	14.027s (~)	0.402s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.644s (~)	14.022s (~)	0.378s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.696s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.331s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.799s (+0.6%)	14.028s (~)	0.229s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.682s (~)	18.906s (~)	2.223s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.780s (+3.7%)	18.691s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.911s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.858s (-0.6%)	19.492s (-1.4%)	1.634s	4	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	12.138s (-0.7%)	13.025s (~)	0.888s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.165s (-0.5%)	13.025s (~)	0.860s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.280s (~)	13.017s (~)	0.737s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.689s (+3.6%)	13.169s (+1.1%)	0.481s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	18.644s (+7.8% 🔺)	20.701s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.057s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	18.669s (+9.3% 🔺)	20.615s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.946s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.917s (+11.2% 🔺)	23.523s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.606s	4	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.182s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.422s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.584s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.433s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.447s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.559s	15	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.068s (-9.6% 🟢)	3.814s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.746s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.100s (-7.6% 🟢)	3.967s (+1.7%)	1.867s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.026s (+3.0%)	4.510s (-2.8%)	1.483s	7	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.357s (-3.0%)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.958s	13	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.308s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.826s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.518s	11	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	2.343s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.666s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.408s (+3.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.600s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.430s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.056s (-1.5%)	1.626s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.797s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.460s (+25.3% 🔺)	1.663s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.977s (+49.5% 🔺)	6.411s (+30.6% 🔺)	1.434s	5	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.604s (-1.5%)	4.263s (+3.0%)	2.659s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.173s (-32.5% 🟢)	5.016s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.842s	7	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.104s (-4.4%)	5.011s (+2.9%)	0.907s	6	2.56x
💻 Local	Express	4.926s (+11.6% 🔺)	5.346s (+3.2%)	0.420s	6	3.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.031s (+3.8%)	4.882s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.851s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.670s (+29.7% 🔺)	5.493s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.823s	6	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.154s (+30.4% 🔺)	6.503s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.349s	5	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (-0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (-0.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.567s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.475s (-1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.531s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.972s (+2.0%)	3.865s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.893s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.181s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.012s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.831s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.492s (+17.4% 🔺)	4.711s (~)	1.220s	7	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.368s (+3.7%)	2.509s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.141s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.382s (-2.5%)	3.008s (~)	0.626s	10	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.521s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.488s	10	1.84x
💻 Local	Express	2.540s (+2.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.468s	10	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.409s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.930s (+12.1% 🔺)	1.521s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.781s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.661s (+1.8%)	1.880s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.990s (+26.5% 🔺)	5.609s (+23.6% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.66x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.645s (+0.6%)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.493s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.933s (+38.3% 🔺)	6.180s (+23.3% 🔺)	1.247s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.460s (+1.0%)	6.016s (~)	0.556s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.512s (~)	6.217s (+3.3%)	0.705s	5	3.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.767s (+8.6% 🔺)	4.495s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.729s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.022s (+13.5% 🔺)	4.796s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.775s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.565s (+1.2%)	6.327s (+3.0%)	1.763s	5	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.556s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.449s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.598s (-0.6%)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.443s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+0.9%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.411s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.688s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.040s (+3.4%)	0.352s	58	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.666s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.325s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.658s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.693s (+3.4%)	4.345s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.652s	14	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.872s (-4.4%)	5.368s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.495s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.363s (-2.2%)	2.029s (~)	0.667s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.406s (-2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.600s	45	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.538s (+3.0%)	2.028s (+1.1%)	0.490s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.604s (+1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.403s	45	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.293s (+7.7% 🔺)	7.910s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.349s (+9.0% 🔺)	7.974s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.625s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.896s (+7.8% 🔺)	10.480s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.584s	9	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.752s (-3.3%)	3.111s (-3.4%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.077s (-3.1%)	3.626s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.548s	34	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	3.263s (-2.1%)	4.009s (~)	0.746s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.469s (+1.1%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.573s	30	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.063s (+3.2%)	13.838s (~)	1.775s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12.303s (+7.1% 🔺)	14.375s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.073s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.464s (+7.7% 🔺)	20.193s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.728s	6	1.53x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.228s (+3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.778s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.539s (+4.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.466s	60	2.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.580s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.631s (-1.7%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.374s	60	2.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.105s (+0.8%)	2.613s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.508s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.311s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.868s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.556s	21	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.351s (+20.1% 🔺)	3.555s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.203s	17	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.359s (+2.6%)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.658s	89	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.427s (-3.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.581s	30	6.76x
💻 Local	Express	2.581s (+2.0%)	3.010s (-1.1%)	0.429s	30	7.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.410s	30	7.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.587s (+20.0% 🔺)	3.093s (+24.2% 🔺)	1.506s	30	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.714s (+20.3% 🔺)	3.350s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.636s	28	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.269s (+26.2% 🔺)	4.938s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.670s	19	2.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.576s (~)	1.183s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.607s	102	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.889s (-16.5% 🟢)	7.301s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.412s	18	8.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.704s (-11.3% 🟢)	8.737s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.034s	14	9.90x
💻 Local	Express	5.837s (-2.4%)	8.158s (-3.9%)	2.321s	15	10.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.955s (+21.8% 🔺)	3.942s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.987s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.217s (+33.1% 🔺)	4.058s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.841s	30	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.141s (-1.4%)	5.953s (+3.9%)	1.811s	21	2.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.139s (-1.4%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.152s (+1.1%)	1.964s (~)	0.013s (+24.3% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.868s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.156s (-0.5%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-11.4% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.171s (+0.8%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.840s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.989s (+4.3%)	3.754s (+26.8% 🔺)	5.364s (+191.7% 🔺)	9.609s (+84.1% 🔺)	7.619s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.110s (+11.6% 🔺)	3.772s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.478s (+234.4% 🔺)	9.789s (+83.1% 🔺)	7.680s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.821s (+19.9% 🔺)	4.638s (+32.6% 🔺)	5.254s (+260.8% 🔺)	10.966s (+70.4% 🔺)	7.145s	10	1.92x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.551s (-1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.475s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.586s (-2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (-1.3%)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.618s (+1.0%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+2.4%)	2.027s (~)	0.409s	30	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.716s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.185s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.012s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.203s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.510s (-3.2%)	7.452s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.102s (-56.1% 🟢)	8.023s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.513s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.576s (+2.7%)	7.392s (+4.8%)	0.207s (-7.1% 🟢)	8.099s (+4.1%)	2.523s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.030s (+5.5% 🔺)	11.444s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.094s (-57.2% 🟢)	12.209s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.179s	5	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.765s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.045s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+89.3% 🔺)	1.074s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.309s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.236s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.886s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.889s (-3.2%)	0.653s	32	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	1.326s (-2.1%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	1.923s (~)	0.597s	32	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-2.6%)	1.976s (~)	0.001s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.654s	30	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.096s (-24.7% 🟢)	4.597s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.096s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.000s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.185s (-39.1% 🟢)	4.855s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.412s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.227s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.263s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.764s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.003s (+13.4% 🔺)	1.740s	9	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.926s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.494s (+3.2%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.510s (+3.2%)	0.584s	24	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.153s (-2.8%)	3.672s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.675s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.522s	17	1.64x
💻 Local	Express	3.239s (-2.5%)	3.839s (-1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	3.842s (-1.7%)	0.603s	16	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.485s (+0.8%)	3.989s (~)	0.001s (-17.3% 🟢)	4.032s (~)	0.547s	16	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.496s (~)	6.191s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.695s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.199s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.987s (+14.6% 🔺)	6.407s (+22.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.885s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.899s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.377s (~)	7.879s (+0.9%)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.042s (+1.1%)	1.665s	7	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, let's make sure:

• Configuration sidebar entry is directly above/below api-reference
• AGENTS.md has a line about every environment variable also needing a related entry in the docs

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 49a50e8 (AI decision).

This commit builds on the main-only v5 World-target architecture: it renames the first-party World factories to createWorld() (whereas stable canonically exports createLocalWorld/createVercelWorld and its runtime world.ts imports those names directly), and adds isWorkflowTargetWorldPath/relative-module resolution to packages/builders/src/world-target.ts, a file that does not exist on stable. The bulk of the diff is new v5-only docs/content/docs/v5/configuration/ pages (absent on stable); the one self-contained bit (the Postgres DATABASE_URL fallback) is entangled with these main-only API renames and cannot be cleanly separated.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

49a50e83d94656e1df123df1f27258fa7f1d3216

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Pivot from #2446's workflow.config.ts implementation to a smaller, explicit configuration docs update plus one package API cleanup.

This PR removes the original typed-config implementation entirely (no config file, no workflow/config subpath, no configured-World module aliasing). Instead, it documents the v5 configuration surface that exists today: environment variables, framework/plugin options, and WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD modules.

It also standardizes first-party World package factories on createWorld():

• @workflow/world-local now exports createWorld(args?: Partial<Config>) as the canonical local factory.
• @workflow/world-vercel now exports createWorld(config?: APIConfig) as the canonical Vercel factory.
• createLocalWorld() and createVercelWorld() remain as deprecated compatibility aliases.
• Runtime module loading still accepts legacy factory names so existing user modules do not break.

The public /worlds/:id routes continue to show the current v4 World pages for now. The v5 World docs live under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* and are ready for the stable upgrade path without adding new route trees or UI toggles in this PR.

Docs changes

Every variable, default, clamp, and precedence chain was verified against current source rather than copied from #2446's inventory.

• configuration (new top-level v5 section) - overview plus separate subpages for framework/plugin options, Worlds, runtime tuning, build diagnostics, and CLI/web UI. The reference content uses narrow sections instead of wide tables.
• v5 World pages - Local, Postgres, and Vercel World pages under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* document the v5 env vars, createWorld() samples, and advanced options that apply today.
• Local World - fixed queue concurrency default (1000), documents env vars, and uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Vercel World - clarifies that deployed workflows do not configure the Vercel World with WORKFLOW_VERCEL_*; those variables are for tooling that talks to Vercel from outside a deployment. Uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Postgres World - documents the DATABASE_URL fallback, workflow_ job prefix default, queue namespace, stream flush interval, and option-vs-env precedence.

Docs Preview

• Configuration overview: /v5/docs/configuration
• Framework options: /v5/docs/configuration/framework-options
• Worlds configuration: /v5/docs/configuration/worlds
• Runtime tuning: /v5/docs/configuration/runtime-tuning
• Build and diagnostics: /v5/docs/configuration/build-and-diagnostics
• CLI and web UI: /v5/docs/configuration/cli-and-web-ui
• v5 Local World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/local-world
• v5 Postgres World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/postgres-world
• v5 Vercel World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/vercel-world

Preview links require Vercel team access.

Verification

Local:

• corepack pnpm --filter docs build
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/configuration CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/deploying/world CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• corepack pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test -- src/reenqueue.test.ts src/tag.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres test -- src/queue.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/vitest test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core test -- src/runtime/world.test.ts src/runtime/world-target.test.ts (runs the package suite)

Note: full CI=true corepack pnpm test:docs currently fails on pre-existing Sandbox cookbook snippets in both v4 and v5 (Sandbox.sandboxId no longer exists in the installed @vercel/sandbox type), not on the new configuration pages.

Remote checks are rerunning on the latest push.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

• 📦 pnpm changeset - included for the package API cleanup
• 🔒 DCO sign-off passes
• 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ee5a814

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, ✅ 4 resolved, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.046s (+2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.046s (-1.1%)	1.015s (+0.9%)	0.969s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (-0.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.947s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.248s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.511s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.264s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.296s (+31.4% 🔺)	1.833s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.538s	10	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.358s (+47.3% 🔺)	1.643s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.079s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.927s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.085s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.911s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.504s (+6.1% 🔺)	3.097s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.594s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.592s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.891s (-4.2%)	1.299s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.786s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.774s	10	1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.458s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.484s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.536s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.485s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.530s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.490s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.533s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.753s (+0.6%)	13.752s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.999s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.024s (+3.0%)	13.802s (-1.1%)	1.778s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.609s (-2.4%)	14.439s (+1.8%)	1.829s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.625s (-0.5%)	14.027s (~)	0.402s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.644s (~)	14.022s (~)	0.378s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.696s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.331s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.799s (+0.6%)	14.028s (~)	0.229s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.682s (~)	18.906s (~)	2.223s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.780s (+3.7%)	18.691s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.911s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.858s (-0.6%)	19.492s (-1.4%)	1.634s	4	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	12.138s (-0.7%)	13.025s (~)	0.888s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.165s (-0.5%)	13.025s (~)	0.860s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.280s (~)	13.017s (~)	0.737s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.689s (+3.6%)	13.169s (+1.1%)	0.481s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	18.644s (+7.8% 🔺)	20.701s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.057s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	18.669s (+9.3% 🔺)	20.615s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.946s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.917s (+11.2% 🔺)	23.523s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.606s	4	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.182s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.422s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.584s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.433s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.447s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.559s	15	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.068s (-9.6% 🟢)	3.814s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.746s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.100s (-7.6% 🟢)	3.967s (+1.7%)	1.867s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.026s (+3.0%)	4.510s (-2.8%)	1.483s	7	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.357s (-3.0%)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.958s	13	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.308s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.826s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.518s	11	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	2.343s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.666s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.408s (+3.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.600s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.430s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.056s (-1.5%)	1.626s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.797s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.460s (+25.3% 🔺)	1.663s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.977s (+49.5% 🔺)	6.411s (+30.6% 🔺)	1.434s	5	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.604s (-1.5%)	4.263s (+3.0%)	2.659s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.173s (-32.5% 🟢)	5.016s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.842s	7	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.104s (-4.4%)	5.011s (+2.9%)	0.907s	6	2.56x
💻 Local	Express	4.926s (+11.6% 🔺)	5.346s (+3.2%)	0.420s	6	3.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.031s (+3.8%)	4.882s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.851s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.670s (+29.7% 🔺)	5.493s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.823s	6	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.154s (+30.4% 🔺)	6.503s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.349s	5	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (-0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (-0.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.567s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.475s (-1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.531s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.972s (+2.0%)	3.865s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.893s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.181s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.012s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.831s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.492s (+17.4% 🔺)	4.711s (~)	1.220s	7	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.368s (+3.7%)	2.509s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.141s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.382s (-2.5%)	3.008s (~)	0.626s	10	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.521s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.488s	10	1.84x
💻 Local	Express	2.540s (+2.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.468s	10	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.409s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.930s (+12.1% 🔺)	1.521s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.781s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.661s (+1.8%)	1.880s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.990s (+26.5% 🔺)	5.609s (+23.6% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.66x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.645s (+0.6%)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.493s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.933s (+38.3% 🔺)	6.180s (+23.3% 🔺)	1.247s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.460s (+1.0%)	6.016s (~)	0.556s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.512s (~)	6.217s (+3.3%)	0.705s	5	3.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.767s (+8.6% 🔺)	4.495s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.729s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.022s (+13.5% 🔺)	4.796s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.775s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.565s (+1.2%)	6.327s (+3.0%)	1.763s	5	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.556s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.449s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.598s (-0.6%)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.443s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+0.9%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.411s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.688s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.040s (+3.4%)	0.352s	58	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.666s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.325s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.658s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.693s (+3.4%)	4.345s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.652s	14	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.872s (-4.4%)	5.368s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.495s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.363s (-2.2%)	2.029s (~)	0.667s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.406s (-2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.600s	45	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.538s (+3.0%)	2.028s (+1.1%)	0.490s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.604s (+1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.403s	45	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.293s (+7.7% 🔺)	7.910s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.349s (+9.0% 🔺)	7.974s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.625s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.896s (+7.8% 🔺)	10.480s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.584s	9	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.752s (-3.3%)	3.111s (-3.4%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.077s (-3.1%)	3.626s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.548s	34	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	3.263s (-2.1%)	4.009s (~)	0.746s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.469s (+1.1%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.573s	30	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.063s (+3.2%)	13.838s (~)	1.775s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12.303s (+7.1% 🔺)	14.375s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.073s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.464s (+7.7% 🔺)	20.193s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.728s	6	1.53x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.228s (+3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.778s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.539s (+4.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.466s	60	2.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.580s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.631s (-1.7%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.374s	60	2.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.105s (+0.8%)	2.613s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.508s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.311s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.868s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.556s	21	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.351s (+20.1% 🔺)	3.555s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.203s	17	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.359s (+2.6%)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.658s	89	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.427s (-3.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.581s	30	6.76x
💻 Local	Express	2.581s (+2.0%)	3.010s (-1.1%)	0.429s	30	7.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.410s	30	7.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.587s (+20.0% 🔺)	3.093s (+24.2% 🔺)	1.506s	30	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.714s (+20.3% 🔺)	3.350s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.636s	28	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.269s (+26.2% 🔺)	4.938s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.670s	19	2.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.576s (~)	1.183s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.607s	102	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.889s (-16.5% 🟢)	7.301s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.412s	18	8.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.704s (-11.3% 🟢)	8.737s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.034s	14	9.90x
💻 Local	Express	5.837s (-2.4%)	8.158s (-3.9%)	2.321s	15	10.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.955s (+21.8% 🔺)	3.942s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.987s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.217s (+33.1% 🔺)	4.058s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.841s	30	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.141s (-1.4%)	5.953s (+3.9%)	1.811s	21	2.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.139s (-1.4%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.152s (+1.1%)	1.964s (~)	0.013s (+24.3% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.868s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.156s (-0.5%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-11.4% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.171s (+0.8%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.840s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.989s (+4.3%)	3.754s (+26.8% 🔺)	5.364s (+191.7% 🔺)	9.609s (+84.1% 🔺)	7.619s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.110s (+11.6% 🔺)	3.772s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.478s (+234.4% 🔺)	9.789s (+83.1% 🔺)	7.680s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.821s (+19.9% 🔺)	4.638s (+32.6% 🔺)	5.254s (+260.8% 🔺)	10.966s (+70.4% 🔺)	7.145s	10	1.92x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.551s (-1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.475s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.586s (-2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (-1.3%)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.618s (+1.0%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+2.4%)	2.027s (~)	0.409s	30	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.716s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.185s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.012s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.203s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.510s (-3.2%)	7.452s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.102s (-56.1% 🟢)	8.023s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.513s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.576s (+2.7%)	7.392s (+4.8%)	0.207s (-7.1% 🟢)	8.099s (+4.1%)	2.523s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.030s (+5.5% 🔺)	11.444s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.094s (-57.2% 🟢)	12.209s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.179s	5	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.765s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.045s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+89.3% 🔺)	1.074s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.309s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.236s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.886s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.889s (-3.2%)	0.653s	32	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	1.326s (-2.1%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	1.923s (~)	0.597s	32	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-2.6%)	1.976s (~)	0.001s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.654s	30	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.096s (-24.7% 🟢)	4.597s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.096s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.000s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.185s (-39.1% 🟢)	4.855s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.412s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.227s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.263s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.764s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.003s (+13.4% 🔺)	1.740s	9	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.926s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.494s (+3.2%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.510s (+3.2%)	0.584s	24	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.153s (-2.8%)	3.672s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.675s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.522s	17	1.64x
💻 Local	Express	3.239s (-2.5%)	3.839s (-1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	3.842s (-1.7%)	0.603s	16	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.485s (+0.8%)	3.989s (~)	0.001s (-17.3% 🟢)	4.032s (~)	0.547s	16	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.496s (~)	6.191s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.695s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.199s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.987s (+14.6% 🔺)	6.407s (+22.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.885s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.899s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.377s (~)	7.879s (+0.9%)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.042s (+1.1%)	1.665s	7	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, let's make sure:

• Configuration sidebar entry is directly above/below api-reference
• AGENTS.md has a line about every environment variable also needing a related entry in the docs

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 49a50e8 (AI decision).

This commit builds on the main-only v5 World-target architecture: it renames the first-party World factories to createWorld() (whereas stable canonically exports createLocalWorld/createVercelWorld and its runtime world.ts imports those names directly), and adds isWorkflowTargetWorldPath/relative-module resolution to packages/builders/src/world-target.ts, a file that does not exist on stable. The bulk of the diff is new v5-only docs/content/docs/v5/configuration/ pages (absent on stable); the one self-contained bit (the Postgres DATABASE_URL fallback) is entangled with these main-only API renames and cannot be cleanly separated.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

49a50e83d94656e1df123df1f27258fa7f1d3216

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Pivot from #2446's workflow.config.ts implementation to a smaller, explicit configuration docs update plus one package API cleanup.

This PR removes the original typed-config implementation entirely (no config file, no workflow/config subpath, no configured-World module aliasing). Instead, it documents the v5 configuration surface that exists today: environment variables, framework/plugin options, and WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD modules.

It also standardizes first-party World package factories on createWorld():

• @workflow/world-local now exports createWorld(args?: Partial<Config>) as the canonical local factory.
• @workflow/world-vercel now exports createWorld(config?: APIConfig) as the canonical Vercel factory.
• createLocalWorld() and createVercelWorld() remain as deprecated compatibility aliases.
• Runtime module loading still accepts legacy factory names so existing user modules do not break.

The public /worlds/:id routes continue to show the current v4 World pages for now. The v5 World docs live under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* and are ready for the stable upgrade path without adding new route trees or UI toggles in this PR.

Docs changes

Every variable, default, clamp, and precedence chain was verified against current source rather than copied from #2446's inventory.

• configuration (new top-level v5 section) - overview plus separate subpages for framework/plugin options, Worlds, runtime tuning, build diagnostics, and CLI/web UI. The reference content uses narrow sections instead of wide tables.
• v5 World pages - Local, Postgres, and Vercel World pages under /v5/docs/deploying/world/* document the v5 env vars, createWorld() samples, and advanced options that apply today.
• Local World - fixed queue concurrency default (1000), documents env vars, and uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Vercel World - clarifies that deployed workflows do not configure the Vercel World with WORKFLOW_VERCEL_*; those variables are for tooling that talks to Vercel from outside a deployment. Uses the canonical createWorld() sample.
• Postgres World - documents the DATABASE_URL fallback, workflow_ job prefix default, queue namespace, stream flush interval, and option-vs-env precedence.

Docs Preview

• Configuration overview: /v5/docs/configuration
• Framework options: /v5/docs/configuration/framework-options
• Worlds configuration: /v5/docs/configuration/worlds
• Runtime tuning: /v5/docs/configuration/runtime-tuning
• Build and diagnostics: /v5/docs/configuration/build-and-diagnostics
• CLI and web UI: /v5/docs/configuration/cli-and-web-ui
• v5 Local World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/local-world
• v5 Postgres World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/postgres-world
• v5 Vercel World: /v5/docs/deploying/world/vercel-world

Preview links require Vercel team access.

Verification

Local:

• corepack pnpm --filter docs build
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/configuration CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• DOCS_FILE=docs/content/docs/v5/deploying/world CI=true corepack pnpm --filter @workflow/docs-typecheck test:docs
• corepack pnpm changeset status --since=main
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel typecheck
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-local test -- src/reenqueue.test.ts src/tag.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres test -- src/queue.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts
• pnpm --filter @workflow/world-vercel test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/vitest test
• pnpm --filter @workflow/core test -- src/runtime/world.test.ts src/runtime/world-target.test.ts (runs the package suite)

Note: full CI=true corepack pnpm test:docs currently fails on pre-existing Sandbox cookbook snippets in both v4 and v5 (Sandbox.sandboxId no longer exists in the installed @vercel/sandbox type), not on the new configuration pages.

Remote checks are rerunning on the latest push.

PR Checklist - Required to merge

• 📦 pnpm changeset - included for the package API cleanup
• 🔒 DCO sign-off passes
• 📝 Ping @vercel/workflow in a comment once the PR is ready

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ee5a814

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 19 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/world-local	Patch
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, ✅ 4 resolved, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-swc-playground	Building	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:20am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.046s (+2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.960s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.046s (-1.1%)	1.015s (+0.9%)	0.969s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (+1.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (-0.6%)	1.012s (~)	0.947s	10	1.42x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.248s (+31.7% 🔺)	1.511s (-25.5% 🟢)	1.264s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.296s (+31.4% 🔺)	1.833s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.538s	10	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.358s (+47.3% 🔺)	1.643s (-30.9% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.079s (-0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.927s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.085s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.092s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.100s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.911s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.504s (+6.1% 🔺)	3.097s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.594s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.592s (+17.0% 🔺)	2.891s (-4.2%)	1.299s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.011s (-14.3% 🟢)	3.786s (+5.4% 🔺)	1.774s	10	1.34x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.458s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.564s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.484s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.536s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.485s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.530s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.490s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.533s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.753s (+0.6%)	13.752s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.999s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.024s (+3.0%)	13.802s (-1.1%)	1.778s	3	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.609s (-2.4%)	14.439s (+1.8%)	1.829s	3	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.625s (-0.5%)	14.027s (~)	0.402s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.644s (~)	14.022s (~)	0.378s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.696s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.331s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.799s (+0.6%)	14.028s (~)	0.229s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.682s (~)	18.906s (~)	2.223s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.780s (+3.7%)	18.691s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.911s	4	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.858s (-0.6%)	19.492s (-1.4%)	1.634s	4	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	12.138s (-0.7%)	13.025s (~)	0.888s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.165s (-0.5%)	13.025s (~)	0.860s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.280s (~)	13.017s (~)	0.737s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.689s (+3.6%)	13.169s (+1.1%)	0.481s	7	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	18.644s (+7.8% 🔺)	20.701s (+7.9% 🔺)	2.057s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	18.669s (+9.3% 🔺)	20.615s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.946s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.917s (+11.2% 🔺)	23.523s (+8.5% 🔺)	1.606s	4	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.182s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.826s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.422s (+1.0%)	2.006s (~)	0.584s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.433s (-0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.573s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.447s (+2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.559s	15	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.068s (-9.6% 🟢)	3.814s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.746s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.100s (-7.6% 🟢)	3.967s (+1.7%)	1.867s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.026s (+3.0%)	4.510s (-2.8%)	1.483s	7	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.357s (-3.0%)	2.315s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.958s	13	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.308s (-7.2% 🟢)	2.826s (-9.1% 🟢)	0.518s	11	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	2.343s (-11.8% 🟢)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.666s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.408s (+3.8%)	3.008s (~)	0.600s	10	1.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.430s (-6.7% 🟢)	4.056s (-1.5%)	1.626s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.797s (+10.6% 🔺)	4.460s (+25.3% 🔺)	1.663s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.977s (+49.5% 🔺)	6.411s (+30.6% 🔺)	1.434s	5	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.604s (-1.5%)	4.263s (+3.0%)	2.659s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.173s (-32.5% 🟢)	5.016s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.842s	7	1.98x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.104s (-4.4%)	5.011s (+2.9%)	0.907s	6	2.56x
💻 Local	Express	4.926s (+11.6% 🔺)	5.346s (+3.2%)	0.420s	6	3.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.031s (+3.8%)	4.882s (+11.1% 🔺)	1.851s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.670s (+29.7% 🔺)	5.493s (+21.8% 🔺)	1.823s	6	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.154s (+30.4% 🔺)	6.503s (+12.7% 🔺)	1.349s	5	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.190s (-0.5%)	2.007s (~)	0.817s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Express	1.440s (-0.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.567s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.475s (-1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.531s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.972s (+2.0%)	3.865s (+5.7% 🔺)	1.893s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.181s (+14.8% 🔺)	4.012s (+19.9% 🔺)	1.831s	8	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.492s (+17.4% 🔺)	4.711s (~)	1.220s	7	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.368s (+3.7%)	2.509s (+25.0% 🔺)	1.141s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.382s (-2.5%)	3.008s (~)	0.626s	10	1.74x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.521s (-10.3% 🟢)	3.008s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.488s	10	1.84x
💻 Local	Express	2.540s (+2.1%)	3.008s (~)	0.468s	10	1.86x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.409s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.930s (+12.1% 🔺)	1.521s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.781s (-10.3% 🟢)	4.661s (+1.8%)	1.880s	7	1.15x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.990s (+26.5% 🔺)	5.609s (+23.6% 🔺)	1.618s	6	1.66x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.645s (+0.6%)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.493s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.933s (+38.3% 🔺)	6.180s (+23.3% 🔺)	1.247s	6	3.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.460s (+1.0%)	6.016s (~)	0.556s	6	3.32x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.512s (~)	6.217s (+3.3%)	0.705s	5	3.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.767s (+8.6% 🔺)	4.495s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.729s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.022s (+13.5% 🔺)	4.796s (+8.1% 🔺)	1.775s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.565s (+1.2%)	6.327s (+3.0%)	1.763s	5	1.65x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.556s (-4.8%)	1.005s (~)	0.449s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.598s (-0.6%)	1.041s (+1.7%)	0.443s	58	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	0.611s (+0.9%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.411s	59	1.10x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.688s (+14.9% 🔺)	1.040s (+3.4%)	0.352s	58	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.666s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.325s (+9.0% 🔺)	1.658s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.693s (+3.4%)	4.345s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.652s	14	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.872s (-4.4%)	5.368s (-5.2% 🟢)	1.495s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.363s (-2.2%)	2.029s (~)	0.667s	45	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.406s (-2.9%)	2.005s (~)	0.600s	45	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.538s (+3.0%)	2.028s (+1.1%)	0.490s	45	1.13x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.604s (+1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.403s	45	1.18x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	6.293s (+7.7% 🔺)	7.910s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.617s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	6.349s (+9.0% 🔺)	7.974s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.625s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.896s (+7.8% 🔺)	10.480s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.584s	9	1.41x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.752s (-3.3%)	3.111s (-3.4%)	0.359s	39	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.077s (-3.1%)	3.626s (-8.1% 🟢)	0.548s	34	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	3.263s (-2.1%)	4.009s (~)	0.746s	30	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.469s (+1.1%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.573s	30	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	12.063s (+3.2%)	13.838s (~)	1.775s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	12.303s (+7.1% 🔺)	14.375s (+11.2% 🔺)	2.073s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.464s (+7.7% 🔺)	20.193s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.728s	6	1.53x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.228s (+3.2%)	1.006s (~)	0.778s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.539s (+4.3%)	1.005s (~)	0.466s	60	2.36x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.580s (+13.2% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.425s	60	2.54x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.631s (-1.7%)	1.005s (-1.6%)	0.374s	60	2.77x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.105s (+0.8%)	2.613s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.508s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.311s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.868s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.556s	21	1.19x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.351s (+20.1% 🔺)	3.555s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.203s	17	2.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.359s (+2.6%)	1.017s (+1.1%)	0.658s	89	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.427s (-3.9%)	3.008s (~)	0.581s	30	6.76x
💻 Local	Express	2.581s (+2.0%)	3.010s (-1.1%)	0.429s	30	7.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.598s (-5.4% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.410s	30	7.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.587s (+20.0% 🔺)	3.093s (+24.2% 🔺)	1.506s	30	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.714s (+20.3% 🔺)	3.350s (+9.8% 🔺)	1.636s	28	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.269s (+26.2% 🔺)	4.938s (+21.6% 🔺)	1.670s	19	2.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.576s (~)	1.183s (+9.8% 🔺)	0.607s	102	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.889s (-16.5% 🟢)	7.301s (-16.0% 🟢)	2.412s	18	8.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.704s (-11.3% 🟢)	8.737s (-5.5% 🟢)	3.034s	14	9.90x
💻 Local	Express	5.837s (-2.4%)	8.158s (-3.9%)	2.321s	15	10.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.955s (+21.8% 🔺)	3.942s (+8.3% 🔺)	1.987s	31	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.217s (+33.1% 🔺)	4.058s (+14.6% 🔺)	1.841s	30	1.13x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.141s (-1.4%)	5.953s (+3.9%)	1.811s	21	2.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.139s (-1.4%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.152s (+1.1%)	1.964s (~)	0.013s (+24.3% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.868s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.156s (-0.5%)	2.004s (~)	0.010s (-11.4% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.861s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.171s (+0.8%)	1.995s (~)	0.002s (+25.0% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.840s	10	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.989s (+4.3%)	3.754s (+26.8% 🔺)	5.364s (+191.7% 🔺)	9.609s (+84.1% 🔺)	7.619s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.110s (+11.6% 🔺)	3.772s (+16.5% 🔺)	5.478s (+234.4% 🔺)	9.789s (+83.1% 🔺)	7.680s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.821s (+19.9% 🔺)	4.638s (+32.6% 🔺)	5.254s (+260.8% 🔺)	10.966s (+70.4% 🔺)	7.145s	10	1.92x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.551s (-1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.013s (+7.0% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.475s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.586s (-2.7%)	2.005s (~)	0.005s (-1.3%)	2.026s (~)	0.440s	30	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.618s (+1.0%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+2.4%)	2.027s (~)	0.409s	30	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.716s (+8.4% 🔺)	2.185s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.012s (-8.8% 🟢)	2.203s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.488s	28	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	5.510s (-3.2%)	7.452s (+13.0% 🔺)	0.102s (-56.1% 🟢)	8.023s (+8.2% 🔺)	2.513s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	5.576s (+2.7%)	7.392s (+4.8%)	0.207s (-7.1% 🟢)	8.099s (+4.1%)	2.523s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.030s (+5.5% 🔺)	11.444s (+8.6% 🔺)	0.094s (-57.2% 🟢)	12.209s (+5.7% 🔺)	2.179s	5	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.765s (-9.7% 🟢)	1.045s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+89.3% 🔺)	1.074s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.309s	56	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.236s (-8.4% 🟢)	1.886s (-3.2%)	0.000s (-19.3% 🟢)	1.889s (-3.2%)	0.653s	32	1.61x
💻 Local	Express	1.326s (-2.1%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (+37.5% 🔺)	1.923s (~)	0.597s	32	1.73x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-2.6%)	1.976s (~)	0.001s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.654s	30	1.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.096s (-24.7% 🟢)	4.597s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	5.096s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.000s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.185s (-39.1% 🟢)	4.855s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	5.412s (-24.2% 🟢)	2.227s	12	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.263s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.764s (+6.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	7.003s (+13.4% 🔺)	1.740s	9	1.70x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.926s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.494s (+3.2%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.510s (+3.2%)	0.584s	24	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.153s (-2.8%)	3.672s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (-24.7% 🟢)	3.675s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.522s	17	1.64x
💻 Local	Express	3.239s (-2.5%)	3.839s (-1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	3.842s (-1.7%)	0.603s	16	1.68x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.485s (+0.8%)	3.989s (~)	0.001s (-17.3% 🟢)	4.032s (~)	0.547s	16	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.496s (~)	6.191s (+8.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.695s (+8.7% 🔺)	2.199s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.987s (+14.6% 🔺)	6.407s (+22.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.885s (+21.5% 🔺)	1.899s	10	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.377s (~)	7.879s (+0.9%)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.042s (+1.1%)	1.665s	7	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	11/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	17/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	19/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	15/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

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[VaguelySerious]

LGTM, let's make sure:

• Configuration sidebar entry is directly above/below api-reference
• AGENTS.md has a line about every environment variable also needing a related entry in the docs

[github-actions]

No backport to stable for 49a50e8 (AI decision).

This commit builds on the main-only v5 World-target architecture: it renames the first-party World factories to createWorld() (whereas stable canonically exports createLocalWorld/createVercelWorld and its runtime world.ts imports those names directly), and adds isWorkflowTargetWorldPath/relative-module resolution to packages/builders/src/world-target.ts, a file that does not exist on stable. The bulk of the diff is new v5-only docs/content/docs/v5/configuration/ pages (absent on stable); the one self-contained bit (the Postgres DATABASE_URL fallback) is entangled with these main-only API renames and cannot be cleanly separated.

To override, re-run the Backport to stable workflow manually via workflow_dispatch and paste this commit SHA into the ref input:

49a50e83d94656e1df123df1f27258fa7f1d3216