[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures - #2679

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures
Jun 27, 2026
Merged

[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures#2679
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures

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Problem

When many steps run in parallel under world-local (e.g. a workflow that fans out hundreds of "use step" calls via Promise.all), the local queue dispatches each delivery as a fetch() to the single-process dev server. Under that load the server can't accept every connection, so undici raises TypeError: fetch failed with an AggregateError [ETIMEDOUT] (or ECONNRESET) cause — localhost is dual-stack, so both ::1 and 127.0.0.1 connect attempts time out and get aggregated.

The delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. A thrown fetch() escaped the loop entirely, landed in the outer .catch() (logging [local world] Queue operation failed:), and the message was silently dropped — the step never started and was never retried. An HTTP 500 got up to 256 retries; a transport timeout got zero.

Fix

Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport-level throw like a failed delivery: back off 5s and retry the same message instead of dropping it. Two cases stay non-retryable:

  • shutdown (close() aborted the agent / backoff sleep),
  • the detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfiguration (rethrown so the outer catch keeps surfacing its actionable guidance).

The handler delivery attempt (x-vqs-message-attempt, which the step/flow handlers count against MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES = 48) is now tracked separately from the loop counter, so a burst of transport timeouts can't inflate it and exhaust the handler's delivery budget before its first real execution.

Tests

Added regression tests in queue.test.ts:

  • a fetch failed/ETIMEDOUT throw is retried until it clears (was dropped at 1 call before),
  • an HTTP 500 control still retries (unchanged),
  • transport failures do not advance the handler delivery attempt (first real delivery arrives as attempt 1).

All existing world-local queue tests, including the detached-ArrayBuffer guidance test, still pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

The local queue's delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. When
`fetch()` itself threw — e.g. `TypeError: fetch failed` with an ETIMEDOUT/
ECONNRESET cause, which undici raises when a single-process dev server can't
accept all connections under many parallel steps — the exception escaped the
retry loop, was logged by the outer catch, and the message was silently
dropped. The step never started and was never retried.
Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport throw like a failed
delivery: back off and retry the same message. Abort (shutdown) and the
detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfig stay non-retryable. Track the handler
delivery attempt separately from the loop counter so a burst of transport
timeouts doesn't inflate `x-vqs-message-attempt` and burn the handler's
MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES budget before its first real execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested review from a team and ijjk as code ownersJune 26, 2026 23:40
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 64488ef

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages
NameType
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.045s (+28.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.046s (-6.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.960s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s (+5.2% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.953s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s (-49.2% 🟢)1.012s (-3.9%)0.952s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-6.8% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.946s101.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.087s (+38.6% 🔺)1.028s (+1.5%)0.941s101.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.228s (+8.3% 🔺)1.993s (+33.3% 🔺)1.765s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.258s (+30.7% 🔺)2.356s (+38.0% 🔺)2.097s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.845s (+54.0% 🔺)2.666s (+31.1% 🔺)1.821s103.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.076s (-1.9%)2.010s (~)0.934s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.079s (+1.2%)2.006s (~)0.927s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.083s (~)2.006s (~)0.924s101.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.086s (~)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.091s (+0.8%)2.009s (-0.5%)0.918s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.101s (~)2.010s (~)0.909s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.556s (+10.6% 🔺)3.335s (+17.7% 🔺)1.779s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.577s (+14.1% 🔺)3.324s (+6.9% 🔺)1.748s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.664s (+24.0% 🔺)4.527s (+27.5% 🔺)1.863s101.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.423s (~)11.022s (~)0.599s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.451s (~)11.023s (~)0.572s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.455s (~)11.015s (~)0.560s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.480s (~)11.022s (~)0.541s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.501s (~)11.018s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.517s (-1.8%)11.017s (~)0.500s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.216s (+3.2%)14.213s (+7.2% 🔺)1.997s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.704s (+8.0% 🔺)14.649s (+5.4% 🔺)1.945s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)12.722s (+0.6%)14.702s (+6.0% 🔺)1.981s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express13.498s (-1.3%)14.020s (~)0.522s51.00x
💻 LocalNitro13.562s (~)14.028s (~)0.467s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.618s (~)14.027s (~)0.409s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.670s (~)14.018s (~)0.348s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.681s (~)14.018s (~)0.337s51.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.704s (~)14.027s (~)0.323s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro17.822s (-4.2%)19.837s (-3.6%)2.014s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress18.465s (+8.2% 🔺)20.474s (+8.2% 🔺)2.009s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.643s (+7.6% 🔺)21.855s (+8.2% 🔺)2.212s31.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro12.079s (+2.4%)12.883s (+7.1% 🔺)0.803s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.250s (-1.0%)13.024s (~)0.774s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.286s (+1.5%)13.035s (+1.3%)0.748s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.291s (~)13.025s (~)0.734s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.385s (+0.7%)13.022s (~)0.637s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.505s (+1.0%)13.015s (~)0.510s71.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express22.381s (+23.9% 🔺)24.505s (+21.3% 🔺)2.123s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro22.587s (+26.6% 🔺)24.762s (+27.0% 🔺)2.175s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.259s (+23.7% 🔺)26.413s (+25.8% 🔺)2.154s41.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.177s (~)2.007s (~)0.830s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.192s (-0.8%)2.008s (~)0.816s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.214s (-10.6% 🟢)2.009s (-1.1%)0.795s151.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.389s (+7.2% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.618s151.18x
💻 LocalExpress1.435s (+1.0%)2.007s (~)0.571s151.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.483s (+5.8% 🔺)2.073s (+3.3%)0.590s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.480s (+29.7% 🔺)4.072s (+7.1% 🔺)1.592s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.841s (+29.4% 🔺)4.434s (+22.1% 🔺)1.593s71.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.880s (+15.2% 🔺)5.725s (+19.1% 🔺)1.845s61.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.271s (-1.8%)2.076s (-19.9% 🟢)0.805s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.315s (-6.4% 🟢)3.209s (+6.3% 🔺)1.894s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.339s (-1.8%)2.393s (-4.6%)1.054s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.475s (-5.1% 🟢)3.109s (+3.3%)0.634s101.95x
💻 LocalNitro2.476s (+2.7%)2.826s (-6.3% 🟢)0.350s111.95x
💻 LocalExpress2.540s (-8.1% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.469s102.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.803s (+11.8% 🔺)4.465s (+21.3% 🔺)1.662s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.844s (+2.4%)4.870s (+8.7% 🔺)2.026s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.421s (+26.2% 🔺)6.464s (+38.3% 🔺)2.044s51.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.610s (-3.2%)4.137s (-3.8%)2.527s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.648s (+4.1%)4.025s (-2.7%)2.377s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.048s (+6.8% 🔺)5.684s (+6.3% 🔺)2.636s61.89x
💻 LocalNitro5.792s (+6.0% 🔺)6.815s (+13.3% 🔺)1.023s53.60x
💻 LocalExpress6.029s (-4.3%)6.614s (-2.9%)0.585s53.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.864s (-7.4% 🟢)7.765s (-8.8% 🟢)0.902s44.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.574s (+15.8% 🔺)5.348s (+12.3% 🔺)1.774s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.053s (+43.6% 🔺)5.776s (+22.0% 🔺)1.723s61.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.303s (+4.7%)7.558s (+16.2% 🔺)2.254s41.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.172s (-19.9% 🟢)2.011s (-9.5% 🟢)0.839s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.183s (-8.9% 🟢)2.008s (-1.0%)0.825s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.193s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.394s (-3.5%)2.007s (~)0.613s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+20.0% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.585s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.474s (-9.2% 🟢)2.006s (-3.2%)0.533s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.286s (+12.6% 🔺)3.991s (+15.9% 🔺)1.705s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.316s (+14.6% 🔺)4.197s (+8.7% 🔺)1.882s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.507s (+50.8% 🔺)6.318s (+40.7% 🔺)1.811s51.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.307s (-7.6% 🟢)2.918s (+5.0%)1.611s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+0.5%)2.082s (-10.1% 🟢)0.750s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.335s (+1.4%)2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)0.981s131.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.533s (+6.3% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.476s101.94x
💻 LocalExpress2.711s (+1.8%)3.110s (+6.6% 🔺)0.398s102.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.809s (+15.7% 🔺)3.109s (~)0.300s102.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.815s (+19.5% 🔺)4.593s (+26.3% 🔺)1.778s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.150s (+44.8% 🔺)4.943s (+28.7% 🔺)1.793s71.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.188s (+48.4% 🔺)7.144s (+46.4% 🔺)1.956s51.84x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.648s (-1.2%)4.305s (~)2.658s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.893s (+19.6% 🔺)4.169s (+0.8%)2.277s81.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s (+13.2% 🔺)5.846s (+12.0% 🔺)2.737s61.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.358s (-30.3% 🟢)6.013s (-31.5% 🟢)0.655s63.25x
💻 LocalNitro5.873s (+8.1% 🔺)6.217s (-3.1%)0.344s53.56x
💻 LocalExpress6.918s (+12.7% 🔺)7.515s (+10.2% 🔺)0.597s44.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.917s (+35.4% 🔺)5.801s (+19.8% 🔺)1.884s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.953s (+25.0% 🔺)6.879s (+25.5% 🔺)1.925s51.26x
▲ VercelNitro5.066s (+81.4% 🔺)6.854s (+45.3% 🔺)1.788s51.29x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.542s (-13.2% 🟢)1.006s (-6.3% 🟢)0.464s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.558s (-3.0%)1.023s (~)0.465s591.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.579s (+1.4%)1.005s (~)0.426s601.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.597s (-9.0% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.407s601.10x
💻 LocalNitro0.605s (+35.7% 🔺)1.022s (+1.5%)0.417s591.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.643s (+25.2% 🔺)1.096s (+8.9% 🔺)0.453s551.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.043s (+57.5% 🔺)5.787s (+44.0% 🔺)1.744s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.059s (+46.1% 🔺)5.616s (+18.5% 🔺)1.557s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.409s (+14.8% 🔺)6.359s (+17.3% 🔺)1.951s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.297s (-24.6% 🟢)2.008s (-13.8% 🟢)0.711s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.349s (-2.7%)2.030s (+1.1%)0.680s451.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (+36.7% 🔺)2.006s (+38.2% 🔺)0.589s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.445s (+3.4%)2.028s (+1.1%)0.583s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.531s (~)2.028s (+1.1%)0.497s451.18x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.843s (+46.6% 🔺)2.388s (+17.6% 🔺)0.545s381.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.612s (+10.3% 🔺)9.415s (+7.8% 🔺)1.804s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.561s (+39.9% 🔺)10.444s (+40.4% 🔺)1.883s91.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.145s (+19.3% 🔺)12.263s (+19.8% 🔺)2.119s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.521s (+5.5% 🔺)3.014s (-0.6%)0.494s411.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.619s (-9.5% 🟢)3.111s (-4.4%)0.492s391.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.623s (-15.1% 🟢)3.085s (-14.4% 🟢)0.462s391.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.095s (+1.6%)3.759s (+4.5%)0.664s321.23x
💻 LocalNitro3.159s (+42.4% 🔺)3.945s (+39.7% 🔺)0.786s311.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.372s (+1.1%)4.009s (~)0.637s301.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.884s (+13.1% 🔺)17.145s (+9.6% 🔺)2.261s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro15.079s (+12.7% 🔺)16.935s (+12.5% 🔺)1.855s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.508s (+1.4%)21.682s (+4.6%)2.174s61.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.176s (-32.1% 🟢)1.006s (-0.9%)0.830s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (+3.3%)1.006s (~)0.797s601.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.226s (-1.4%)1.006s (~)0.780s601.29x
💻 LocalNitro0.459s (+21.9% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.546s602.61x
💻 LocalExpress0.468s (~)1.005s (~)0.537s602.67x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.675s (+9.3% 🔺)1.039s (+3.4%)0.365s583.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.169s (+8.6% 🔺)2.746s (+11.2% 🔺)1.577s221.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.357s (+34.6% 🔺)3.057s (+14.2% 🔺)1.700s201.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.402s (+17.8% 🔺)4.177s (+25.0% 🔺)1.774s152.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.278s (-48.1% 🟢)1.017s (-10.2% 🟢)0.739s891.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.337s (-5.2% 🟢)1.017s (+1.0%)0.680s891.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.382s (+24.6% 🔺)1.020s (+1.3%)0.637s891.38x
💻 LocalNitro2.064s (+38.8% 🔺)2.655s (+29.3% 🔺)0.591s347.42x
💻 LocalExpress2.102s (-7.5% 🟢)2.714s (-4.8%)0.612s347.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.938s (+5.1% 🔺)3.761s (+12.5% 🔺)0.823s2410.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.461s (-0.7%)3.222s (~)1.761s291.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.688s (+29.6% 🔺)3.602s (+34.7% 🔺)1.914s251.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.449s (+35.6% 🔺)5.278s (+40.3% 🔺)1.829s182.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.478s (-7.5% 🟢)1.028s (-2.1%)0.550s1171.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.512s (-7.7% 🟢)1.068s (-3.6%)0.556s1131.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-41.3% 🟢)3.009s (+19.1% 🔺)2.494s401.08x
💻 LocalExpress9.680s (+3.1%)10.614s (~)0.933s1220.26x
💻 LocalNitro9.942s (+33.7% 🔺)10.695s (+29.0% 🔺)0.753s1220.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.617s (+18.1% 🔺)13.233s (+13.4% 🔺)0.616s1026.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.504s (+37.6% 🔺)4.417s (+22.0% 🔺)1.914s281.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.619s (+31.7% 🔺)4.503s (+14.8% 🔺)1.884s271.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.773s (+27.4% 🔺)6.670s (+27.8% 🔺)1.898s191.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.143s (~)1.966s (~)0.013s (+25.7% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.877s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.154s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+10.0% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.865s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (+3.9%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-68.6% 🟢)2.018s (-1.2%)0.863s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.165s (-10.6% 🟢)1.999s (~)0.001s (-92.2% 🟢)2.010s (-1.4%)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.220s (+3.8%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.790s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (+8.6% 🔺)1.952s (-2.1%)0.022s (+2344.4% 🔺)2.037s (+1.4%)0.783s101.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.124s (+11.3% 🔺)3.322s (+8.5% 🔺)2.983s (+98.2% 🔺)6.797s (+35.1% 🔺)4.673s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.517s (+29.8% 🔺)3.743s (+10.7% 🔺)3.049s (+101.7% 🔺)7.298s (+35.6% 🔺)4.781s101.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.066s (+21.6% 🔺)4.931s (+35.3% 🔺)1.718s (+23.6% 🔺)7.767s (+22.4% 🔺)3.701s101.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.529s (+8.4% 🔺)2.009s (~)0.012s (-35.5% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.496s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.555s (~)2.009s (~)0.010s (-28.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.467s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.557s (-4.7%)2.002s (~)0.005s (~)2.025s (~)0.468s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.577s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (-16.0% 🟢)0.005s (+19.6% 🔺)2.026s (-16.2% 🟢)0.449s301.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (~)1.969s (~)0.013s (-5.0% 🟢)2.026s (~)0.418s301.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.865s (+21.0% 🔺)2.314s (+15.5% 🔺)0.004s (-20.4% 🟢)2.337s (+15.3% 🔺)0.472s261.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express6.059s (+5.3% 🔺)7.584s (+3.1%)0.241s (-5.3% 🟢)8.337s (+2.7%)2.278s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.330s (+13.4% 🔺)7.816s (+16.6% 🔺)0.222s (+1.7%)8.531s (+15.2% 🔺)2.201s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.444s (+12.3% 🔺)12.254s (+21.6% 🔺)0.635s (+138.0% 🔺)13.679s (+21.6% 🔺)3.235s51.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.781s (-6.1% 🟢)1.044s (-5.1% 🟢)0.000s (-3.6%)1.078s (-3.7%)0.296s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.928s (-15.1% 🟢)1.304s (-21.4% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.312s (-22.0% 🟢)0.384s461.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.226s (-8.0% 🟢)2.013s (~)0.000s (-43.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.790s301.57x
💻 LocalNitro1.278s (+33.7% 🔺)1.948s (+48.2% 🔺)0.000s (-64.7% 🟢)1.951s (+48.0% 🔺)0.674s311.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.318s (+78.7% 🔺)1.777s (+72.8% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.826s (+73.2% 🔺)0.508s331.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s (-2.0%)1.977s (~)0.001s (+566.7% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.588s301.83x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.275s (+15.1% 🔺)4.715s (+5.6% 🔺)0.000s (+8.3% 🔺)5.223s (+4.8%)1.948s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.572s (+28.2% 🔺)4.902s (+17.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)5.392s (+16.2% 🔺)1.819s121.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.300s (+8.5% 🔺)6.233s (+15.9% 🔺)0.000s (+11.1% 🔺)7.318s (+14.5% 🔺)2.019s91.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.781s (+2.2%)2.340s (~)0.000s (+3.8%)2.357s (+0.5%)0.576s261.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.294s (+39.5% 🔺)2.774s (+23.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.840s (+24.8% 🔺)0.546s231.29x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.599s (-23.0% 🟢)3.100s (-20.0% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)3.109s (-20.8% 🟢)0.511s201.46x
💻 LocalExpress3.306s (-1.6%)3.964s (+1.6%)0.001s (-46.7% 🟢)3.968s (+1.6%)0.662s161.86x
💻 LocalNitro3.652s (+67.2% 🔺)4.229s (+62.3% 🔺)0.001s (-40.0% 🟢)4.233s (+62.1% 🔺)0.581s152.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.921s (-3.0%)4.379s (-2.6%)0.001s (-35.4% 🟢)4.442s (-2.0%)0.521s152.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.184s (~)6.606s (+1.0%)0.016s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.131s (+0.7%)1.946s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.443s (-0.5%)6.612s (+8.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)7.082s (-0.8%)1.639s101.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.491s (+8.6% 🔺)8.598s (+14.1% 🔺)0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)9.517s (+10.8% 🔺)2.026s71.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro12/21
🐘 PostgresExpress9/21
▲ VercelExpress13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres16/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres14/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Add copy buttons to all
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[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures - #2679

Merged
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures
Jun 27, 2026
Merged

[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures#2679
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures

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@VaguelySerious

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Problem

When many steps run in parallel under world-local (e.g. a workflow that fans out hundreds of "use step" calls via Promise.all), the local queue dispatches each delivery as a fetch() to the single-process dev server. Under that load the server can't accept every connection, so undici raises TypeError: fetch failed with an AggregateError [ETIMEDOUT] (or ECONNRESET) cause — localhost is dual-stack, so both ::1 and 127.0.0.1 connect attempts time out and get aggregated.

The delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. A thrown fetch() escaped the loop entirely, landed in the outer .catch() (logging [local world] Queue operation failed:), and the message was silently dropped — the step never started and was never retried. An HTTP 500 got up to 256 retries; a transport timeout got zero.

Fix

Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport-level throw like a failed delivery: back off 5s and retry the same message instead of dropping it. Two cases stay non-retryable:

  • shutdown (close() aborted the agent / backoff sleep),
  • the detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfiguration (rethrown so the outer catch keeps surfacing its actionable guidance).

The handler delivery attempt (x-vqs-message-attempt, which the step/flow handlers count against MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES = 48) is now tracked separately from the loop counter, so a burst of transport timeouts can't inflate it and exhaust the handler's delivery budget before its first real execution.

Tests

Added regression tests in queue.test.ts:

  • a fetch failed/ETIMEDOUT throw is retried until it clears (was dropped at 1 call before),
  • an HTTP 500 control still retries (unchanged),
  • transport failures do not advance the handler delivery attempt (first real delivery arrives as attempt 1).

All existing world-local queue tests, including the detached-ArrayBuffer guidance test, still pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

The local queue's delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. When
`fetch()` itself threw — e.g. `TypeError: fetch failed` with an ETIMEDOUT/
ECONNRESET cause, which undici raises when a single-process dev server can't
accept all connections under many parallel steps — the exception escaped the
retry loop, was logged by the outer catch, and the message was silently
dropped. The step never started and was never retried.
Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport throw like a failed
delivery: back off and retry the same message. Abort (shutdown) and the
detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfig stay non-retryable. Track the handler
delivery attempt separately from the loop counter so a burst of transport
timeouts doesn't inflate `x-vqs-message-attempt` and burn the handler's
MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES budget before its first real execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested review from a team and ijjk as code ownersJune 26, 2026 23:40
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 64488ef

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages
NameType
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.045s (+28.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.046s (-6.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.960s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s (+5.2% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.953s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s (-49.2% 🟢)1.012s (-3.9%)0.952s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-6.8% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.946s101.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.087s (+38.6% 🔺)1.028s (+1.5%)0.941s101.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.228s (+8.3% 🔺)1.993s (+33.3% 🔺)1.765s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.258s (+30.7% 🔺)2.356s (+38.0% 🔺)2.097s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.845s (+54.0% 🔺)2.666s (+31.1% 🔺)1.821s103.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.076s (-1.9%)2.010s (~)0.934s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.079s (+1.2%)2.006s (~)0.927s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.083s (~)2.006s (~)0.924s101.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.086s (~)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.091s (+0.8%)2.009s (-0.5%)0.918s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.101s (~)2.010s (~)0.909s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.556s (+10.6% 🔺)3.335s (+17.7% 🔺)1.779s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.577s (+14.1% 🔺)3.324s (+6.9% 🔺)1.748s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.664s (+24.0% 🔺)4.527s (+27.5% 🔺)1.863s101.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.423s (~)11.022s (~)0.599s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.451s (~)11.023s (~)0.572s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.455s (~)11.015s (~)0.560s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.480s (~)11.022s (~)0.541s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.501s (~)11.018s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.517s (-1.8%)11.017s (~)0.500s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.216s (+3.2%)14.213s (+7.2% 🔺)1.997s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.704s (+8.0% 🔺)14.649s (+5.4% 🔺)1.945s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)12.722s (+0.6%)14.702s (+6.0% 🔺)1.981s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express13.498s (-1.3%)14.020s (~)0.522s51.00x
💻 LocalNitro13.562s (~)14.028s (~)0.467s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.618s (~)14.027s (~)0.409s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.670s (~)14.018s (~)0.348s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.681s (~)14.018s (~)0.337s51.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.704s (~)14.027s (~)0.323s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro17.822s (-4.2%)19.837s (-3.6%)2.014s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress18.465s (+8.2% 🔺)20.474s (+8.2% 🔺)2.009s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.643s (+7.6% 🔺)21.855s (+8.2% 🔺)2.212s31.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro12.079s (+2.4%)12.883s (+7.1% 🔺)0.803s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.250s (-1.0%)13.024s (~)0.774s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.286s (+1.5%)13.035s (+1.3%)0.748s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.291s (~)13.025s (~)0.734s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.385s (+0.7%)13.022s (~)0.637s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.505s (+1.0%)13.015s (~)0.510s71.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express22.381s (+23.9% 🔺)24.505s (+21.3% 🔺)2.123s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro22.587s (+26.6% 🔺)24.762s (+27.0% 🔺)2.175s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.259s (+23.7% 🔺)26.413s (+25.8% 🔺)2.154s41.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.177s (~)2.007s (~)0.830s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.192s (-0.8%)2.008s (~)0.816s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.214s (-10.6% 🟢)2.009s (-1.1%)0.795s151.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.389s (+7.2% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.618s151.18x
💻 LocalExpress1.435s (+1.0%)2.007s (~)0.571s151.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.483s (+5.8% 🔺)2.073s (+3.3%)0.590s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.480s (+29.7% 🔺)4.072s (+7.1% 🔺)1.592s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.841s (+29.4% 🔺)4.434s (+22.1% 🔺)1.593s71.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.880s (+15.2% 🔺)5.725s (+19.1% 🔺)1.845s61.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.271s (-1.8%)2.076s (-19.9% 🟢)0.805s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.315s (-6.4% 🟢)3.209s (+6.3% 🔺)1.894s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.339s (-1.8%)2.393s (-4.6%)1.054s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.475s (-5.1% 🟢)3.109s (+3.3%)0.634s101.95x
💻 LocalNitro2.476s (+2.7%)2.826s (-6.3% 🟢)0.350s111.95x
💻 LocalExpress2.540s (-8.1% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.469s102.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.803s (+11.8% 🔺)4.465s (+21.3% 🔺)1.662s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.844s (+2.4%)4.870s (+8.7% 🔺)2.026s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.421s (+26.2% 🔺)6.464s (+38.3% 🔺)2.044s51.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.610s (-3.2%)4.137s (-3.8%)2.527s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.648s (+4.1%)4.025s (-2.7%)2.377s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.048s (+6.8% 🔺)5.684s (+6.3% 🔺)2.636s61.89x
💻 LocalNitro5.792s (+6.0% 🔺)6.815s (+13.3% 🔺)1.023s53.60x
💻 LocalExpress6.029s (-4.3%)6.614s (-2.9%)0.585s53.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.864s (-7.4% 🟢)7.765s (-8.8% 🟢)0.902s44.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.574s (+15.8% 🔺)5.348s (+12.3% 🔺)1.774s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.053s (+43.6% 🔺)5.776s (+22.0% 🔺)1.723s61.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.303s (+4.7%)7.558s (+16.2% 🔺)2.254s41.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.172s (-19.9% 🟢)2.011s (-9.5% 🟢)0.839s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.183s (-8.9% 🟢)2.008s (-1.0%)0.825s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.193s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.394s (-3.5%)2.007s (~)0.613s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+20.0% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.585s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.474s (-9.2% 🟢)2.006s (-3.2%)0.533s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.286s (+12.6% 🔺)3.991s (+15.9% 🔺)1.705s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.316s (+14.6% 🔺)4.197s (+8.7% 🔺)1.882s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.507s (+50.8% 🔺)6.318s (+40.7% 🔺)1.811s51.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.307s (-7.6% 🟢)2.918s (+5.0%)1.611s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+0.5%)2.082s (-10.1% 🟢)0.750s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.335s (+1.4%)2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)0.981s131.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.533s (+6.3% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.476s101.94x
💻 LocalExpress2.711s (+1.8%)3.110s (+6.6% 🔺)0.398s102.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.809s (+15.7% 🔺)3.109s (~)0.300s102.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.815s (+19.5% 🔺)4.593s (+26.3% 🔺)1.778s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.150s (+44.8% 🔺)4.943s (+28.7% 🔺)1.793s71.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.188s (+48.4% 🔺)7.144s (+46.4% 🔺)1.956s51.84x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.648s (-1.2%)4.305s (~)2.658s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.893s (+19.6% 🔺)4.169s (+0.8%)2.277s81.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s (+13.2% 🔺)5.846s (+12.0% 🔺)2.737s61.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.358s (-30.3% 🟢)6.013s (-31.5% 🟢)0.655s63.25x
💻 LocalNitro5.873s (+8.1% 🔺)6.217s (-3.1%)0.344s53.56x
💻 LocalExpress6.918s (+12.7% 🔺)7.515s (+10.2% 🔺)0.597s44.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.917s (+35.4% 🔺)5.801s (+19.8% 🔺)1.884s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.953s (+25.0% 🔺)6.879s (+25.5% 🔺)1.925s51.26x
▲ VercelNitro5.066s (+81.4% 🔺)6.854s (+45.3% 🔺)1.788s51.29x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.542s (-13.2% 🟢)1.006s (-6.3% 🟢)0.464s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.558s (-3.0%)1.023s (~)0.465s591.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.579s (+1.4%)1.005s (~)0.426s601.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.597s (-9.0% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.407s601.10x
💻 LocalNitro0.605s (+35.7% 🔺)1.022s (+1.5%)0.417s591.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.643s (+25.2% 🔺)1.096s (+8.9% 🔺)0.453s551.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.043s (+57.5% 🔺)5.787s (+44.0% 🔺)1.744s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.059s (+46.1% 🔺)5.616s (+18.5% 🔺)1.557s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.409s (+14.8% 🔺)6.359s (+17.3% 🔺)1.951s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.297s (-24.6% 🟢)2.008s (-13.8% 🟢)0.711s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.349s (-2.7%)2.030s (+1.1%)0.680s451.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (+36.7% 🔺)2.006s (+38.2% 🔺)0.589s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.445s (+3.4%)2.028s (+1.1%)0.583s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.531s (~)2.028s (+1.1%)0.497s451.18x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.843s (+46.6% 🔺)2.388s (+17.6% 🔺)0.545s381.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.612s (+10.3% 🔺)9.415s (+7.8% 🔺)1.804s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.561s (+39.9% 🔺)10.444s (+40.4% 🔺)1.883s91.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.145s (+19.3% 🔺)12.263s (+19.8% 🔺)2.119s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.521s (+5.5% 🔺)3.014s (-0.6%)0.494s411.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.619s (-9.5% 🟢)3.111s (-4.4%)0.492s391.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.623s (-15.1% 🟢)3.085s (-14.4% 🟢)0.462s391.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.095s (+1.6%)3.759s (+4.5%)0.664s321.23x
💻 LocalNitro3.159s (+42.4% 🔺)3.945s (+39.7% 🔺)0.786s311.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.372s (+1.1%)4.009s (~)0.637s301.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.884s (+13.1% 🔺)17.145s (+9.6% 🔺)2.261s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro15.079s (+12.7% 🔺)16.935s (+12.5% 🔺)1.855s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.508s (+1.4%)21.682s (+4.6%)2.174s61.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.176s (-32.1% 🟢)1.006s (-0.9%)0.830s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (+3.3%)1.006s (~)0.797s601.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.226s (-1.4%)1.006s (~)0.780s601.29x
💻 LocalNitro0.459s (+21.9% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.546s602.61x
💻 LocalExpress0.468s (~)1.005s (~)0.537s602.67x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.675s (+9.3% 🔺)1.039s (+3.4%)0.365s583.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.169s (+8.6% 🔺)2.746s (+11.2% 🔺)1.577s221.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.357s (+34.6% 🔺)3.057s (+14.2% 🔺)1.700s201.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.402s (+17.8% 🔺)4.177s (+25.0% 🔺)1.774s152.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.278s (-48.1% 🟢)1.017s (-10.2% 🟢)0.739s891.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.337s (-5.2% 🟢)1.017s (+1.0%)0.680s891.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.382s (+24.6% 🔺)1.020s (+1.3%)0.637s891.38x
💻 LocalNitro2.064s (+38.8% 🔺)2.655s (+29.3% 🔺)0.591s347.42x
💻 LocalExpress2.102s (-7.5% 🟢)2.714s (-4.8%)0.612s347.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.938s (+5.1% 🔺)3.761s (+12.5% 🔺)0.823s2410.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.461s (-0.7%)3.222s (~)1.761s291.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.688s (+29.6% 🔺)3.602s (+34.7% 🔺)1.914s251.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.449s (+35.6% 🔺)5.278s (+40.3% 🔺)1.829s182.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.478s (-7.5% 🟢)1.028s (-2.1%)0.550s1171.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.512s (-7.7% 🟢)1.068s (-3.6%)0.556s1131.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-41.3% 🟢)3.009s (+19.1% 🔺)2.494s401.08x
💻 LocalExpress9.680s (+3.1%)10.614s (~)0.933s1220.26x
💻 LocalNitro9.942s (+33.7% 🔺)10.695s (+29.0% 🔺)0.753s1220.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.617s (+18.1% 🔺)13.233s (+13.4% 🔺)0.616s1026.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.504s (+37.6% 🔺)4.417s (+22.0% 🔺)1.914s281.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.619s (+31.7% 🔺)4.503s (+14.8% 🔺)1.884s271.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.773s (+27.4% 🔺)6.670s (+27.8% 🔺)1.898s191.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.143s (~)1.966s (~)0.013s (+25.7% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.877s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.154s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+10.0% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.865s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (+3.9%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-68.6% 🟢)2.018s (-1.2%)0.863s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.165s (-10.6% 🟢)1.999s (~)0.001s (-92.2% 🟢)2.010s (-1.4%)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.220s (+3.8%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.790s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (+8.6% 🔺)1.952s (-2.1%)0.022s (+2344.4% 🔺)2.037s (+1.4%)0.783s101.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.124s (+11.3% 🔺)3.322s (+8.5% 🔺)2.983s (+98.2% 🔺)6.797s (+35.1% 🔺)4.673s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.517s (+29.8% 🔺)3.743s (+10.7% 🔺)3.049s (+101.7% 🔺)7.298s (+35.6% 🔺)4.781s101.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.066s (+21.6% 🔺)4.931s (+35.3% 🔺)1.718s (+23.6% 🔺)7.767s (+22.4% 🔺)3.701s101.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.529s (+8.4% 🔺)2.009s (~)0.012s (-35.5% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.496s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.555s (~)2.009s (~)0.010s (-28.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.467s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.557s (-4.7%)2.002s (~)0.005s (~)2.025s (~)0.468s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.577s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (-16.0% 🟢)0.005s (+19.6% 🔺)2.026s (-16.2% 🟢)0.449s301.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (~)1.969s (~)0.013s (-5.0% 🟢)2.026s (~)0.418s301.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.865s (+21.0% 🔺)2.314s (+15.5% 🔺)0.004s (-20.4% 🟢)2.337s (+15.3% 🔺)0.472s261.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express6.059s (+5.3% 🔺)7.584s (+3.1%)0.241s (-5.3% 🟢)8.337s (+2.7%)2.278s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.330s (+13.4% 🔺)7.816s (+16.6% 🔺)0.222s (+1.7%)8.531s (+15.2% 🔺)2.201s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.444s (+12.3% 🔺)12.254s (+21.6% 🔺)0.635s (+138.0% 🔺)13.679s (+21.6% 🔺)3.235s51.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.781s (-6.1% 🟢)1.044s (-5.1% 🟢)0.000s (-3.6%)1.078s (-3.7%)0.296s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.928s (-15.1% 🟢)1.304s (-21.4% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.312s (-22.0% 🟢)0.384s461.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.226s (-8.0% 🟢)2.013s (~)0.000s (-43.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.790s301.57x
💻 LocalNitro1.278s (+33.7% 🔺)1.948s (+48.2% 🔺)0.000s (-64.7% 🟢)1.951s (+48.0% 🔺)0.674s311.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.318s (+78.7% 🔺)1.777s (+72.8% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.826s (+73.2% 🔺)0.508s331.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s (-2.0%)1.977s (~)0.001s (+566.7% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.588s301.83x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.275s (+15.1% 🔺)4.715s (+5.6% 🔺)0.000s (+8.3% 🔺)5.223s (+4.8%)1.948s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.572s (+28.2% 🔺)4.902s (+17.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)5.392s (+16.2% 🔺)1.819s121.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.300s (+8.5% 🔺)6.233s (+15.9% 🔺)0.000s (+11.1% 🔺)7.318s (+14.5% 🔺)2.019s91.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.781s (+2.2%)2.340s (~)0.000s (+3.8%)2.357s (+0.5%)0.576s261.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.294s (+39.5% 🔺)2.774s (+23.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.840s (+24.8% 🔺)0.546s231.29x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.599s (-23.0% 🟢)3.100s (-20.0% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)3.109s (-20.8% 🟢)0.511s201.46x
💻 LocalExpress3.306s (-1.6%)3.964s (+1.6%)0.001s (-46.7% 🟢)3.968s (+1.6%)0.662s161.86x
💻 LocalNitro3.652s (+67.2% 🔺)4.229s (+62.3% 🔺)0.001s (-40.0% 🟢)4.233s (+62.1% 🔺)0.581s152.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.921s (-3.0%)4.379s (-2.6%)0.001s (-35.4% 🟢)4.442s (-2.0%)0.521s152.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.184s (~)6.606s (+1.0%)0.016s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.131s (+0.7%)1.946s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.443s (-0.5%)6.612s (+8.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)7.082s (-0.8%)1.639s101.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.491s (+8.6% 🔺)8.598s (+14.1% 🔺)0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)9.517s (+10.8% 🔺)2.026s71.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro12/21
🐘 PostgresExpress9/21
▲ VercelExpress13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres16/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres14/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Force GitHub README to respect dark mode\n(function() {\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '\n .markdown-body {\n color-scheme: dark light;\n }\n .markdown-body pre { background: #161b22 !important; }\n .markdown-body code { background: rgba(110, 118, 129, 0.4) !important; }\n .markdown-body table th, .markdown-body table td { border-color: #30363d !important; }\n .markdown-body img { background: #0d1117; }\n .markdown-body blockquote { border-left-color: #8b949e; }\n .markdown-body hr { border-color: #30363d; }\n ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n})();", "GitHub Dark Mode README Fix"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:GitHub Dark Mode README Fix]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures - #2679

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures
Jun 27, 2026
Merged

[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures#2679
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures

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Problem

When many steps run in parallel under world-local (e.g. a workflow that fans out hundreds of "use step" calls via Promise.all), the local queue dispatches each delivery as a fetch() to the single-process dev server. Under that load the server can't accept every connection, so undici raises TypeError: fetch failed with an AggregateError [ETIMEDOUT] (or ECONNRESET) cause — localhost is dual-stack, so both ::1 and 127.0.0.1 connect attempts time out and get aggregated.

The delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. A thrown fetch() escaped the loop entirely, landed in the outer .catch() (logging [local world] Queue operation failed:), and the message was silently dropped — the step never started and was never retried. An HTTP 500 got up to 256 retries; a transport timeout got zero.

Fix

Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport-level throw like a failed delivery: back off 5s and retry the same message instead of dropping it. Two cases stay non-retryable:

  • shutdown (close() aborted the agent / backoff sleep),
  • the detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfiguration (rethrown so the outer catch keeps surfacing its actionable guidance).

The handler delivery attempt (x-vqs-message-attempt, which the step/flow handlers count against MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES = 48) is now tracked separately from the loop counter, so a burst of transport timeouts can't inflate it and exhaust the handler's delivery budget before its first real execution.

Tests

Added regression tests in queue.test.ts:

  • a fetch failed/ETIMEDOUT throw is retried until it clears (was dropped at 1 call before),
  • an HTTP 500 control still retries (unchanged),
  • transport failures do not advance the handler delivery attempt (first real delivery arrives as attempt 1).

All existing world-local queue tests, including the detached-ArrayBuffer guidance test, still pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

The local queue's delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. When
`fetch()` itself threw — e.g. `TypeError: fetch failed` with an ETIMEDOUT/
ECONNRESET cause, which undici raises when a single-process dev server can't
accept all connections under many parallel steps — the exception escaped the
retry loop, was logged by the outer catch, and the message was silently
dropped. The step never started and was never retried.
Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport throw like a failed
delivery: back off and retry the same message. Abort (shutdown) and the
detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfig stay non-retryable. Track the handler
delivery attempt separately from the loop counter so a burst of transport
timeouts doesn't inflate `x-vqs-message-attempt` and burn the handler's
MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES budget before its first real execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested review from a team and ijjk as code ownersJune 26, 2026 23:40
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 64488ef

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages
NameType
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.045s (+28.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.046s (-6.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.960s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s (+5.2% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.953s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s (-49.2% 🟢)1.012s (-3.9%)0.952s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-6.8% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.946s101.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.087s (+38.6% 🔺)1.028s (+1.5%)0.941s101.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.228s (+8.3% 🔺)1.993s (+33.3% 🔺)1.765s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.258s (+30.7% 🔺)2.356s (+38.0% 🔺)2.097s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.845s (+54.0% 🔺)2.666s (+31.1% 🔺)1.821s103.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.076s (-1.9%)2.010s (~)0.934s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.079s (+1.2%)2.006s (~)0.927s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.083s (~)2.006s (~)0.924s101.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.086s (~)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.091s (+0.8%)2.009s (-0.5%)0.918s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.101s (~)2.010s (~)0.909s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.556s (+10.6% 🔺)3.335s (+17.7% 🔺)1.779s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.577s (+14.1% 🔺)3.324s (+6.9% 🔺)1.748s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.664s (+24.0% 🔺)4.527s (+27.5% 🔺)1.863s101.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.423s (~)11.022s (~)0.599s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.451s (~)11.023s (~)0.572s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.455s (~)11.015s (~)0.560s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.480s (~)11.022s (~)0.541s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.501s (~)11.018s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.517s (-1.8%)11.017s (~)0.500s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.216s (+3.2%)14.213s (+7.2% 🔺)1.997s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.704s (+8.0% 🔺)14.649s (+5.4% 🔺)1.945s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)12.722s (+0.6%)14.702s (+6.0% 🔺)1.981s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express13.498s (-1.3%)14.020s (~)0.522s51.00x
💻 LocalNitro13.562s (~)14.028s (~)0.467s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.618s (~)14.027s (~)0.409s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.670s (~)14.018s (~)0.348s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.681s (~)14.018s (~)0.337s51.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.704s (~)14.027s (~)0.323s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro17.822s (-4.2%)19.837s (-3.6%)2.014s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress18.465s (+8.2% 🔺)20.474s (+8.2% 🔺)2.009s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.643s (+7.6% 🔺)21.855s (+8.2% 🔺)2.212s31.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro12.079s (+2.4%)12.883s (+7.1% 🔺)0.803s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.250s (-1.0%)13.024s (~)0.774s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.286s (+1.5%)13.035s (+1.3%)0.748s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.291s (~)13.025s (~)0.734s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.385s (+0.7%)13.022s (~)0.637s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.505s (+1.0%)13.015s (~)0.510s71.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express22.381s (+23.9% 🔺)24.505s (+21.3% 🔺)2.123s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro22.587s (+26.6% 🔺)24.762s (+27.0% 🔺)2.175s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.259s (+23.7% 🔺)26.413s (+25.8% 🔺)2.154s41.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.177s (~)2.007s (~)0.830s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.192s (-0.8%)2.008s (~)0.816s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.214s (-10.6% 🟢)2.009s (-1.1%)0.795s151.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.389s (+7.2% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.618s151.18x
💻 LocalExpress1.435s (+1.0%)2.007s (~)0.571s151.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.483s (+5.8% 🔺)2.073s (+3.3%)0.590s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.480s (+29.7% 🔺)4.072s (+7.1% 🔺)1.592s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.841s (+29.4% 🔺)4.434s (+22.1% 🔺)1.593s71.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.880s (+15.2% 🔺)5.725s (+19.1% 🔺)1.845s61.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.271s (-1.8%)2.076s (-19.9% 🟢)0.805s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.315s (-6.4% 🟢)3.209s (+6.3% 🔺)1.894s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.339s (-1.8%)2.393s (-4.6%)1.054s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.475s (-5.1% 🟢)3.109s (+3.3%)0.634s101.95x
💻 LocalNitro2.476s (+2.7%)2.826s (-6.3% 🟢)0.350s111.95x
💻 LocalExpress2.540s (-8.1% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.469s102.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.803s (+11.8% 🔺)4.465s (+21.3% 🔺)1.662s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.844s (+2.4%)4.870s (+8.7% 🔺)2.026s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.421s (+26.2% 🔺)6.464s (+38.3% 🔺)2.044s51.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.610s (-3.2%)4.137s (-3.8%)2.527s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.648s (+4.1%)4.025s (-2.7%)2.377s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.048s (+6.8% 🔺)5.684s (+6.3% 🔺)2.636s61.89x
💻 LocalNitro5.792s (+6.0% 🔺)6.815s (+13.3% 🔺)1.023s53.60x
💻 LocalExpress6.029s (-4.3%)6.614s (-2.9%)0.585s53.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.864s (-7.4% 🟢)7.765s (-8.8% 🟢)0.902s44.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.574s (+15.8% 🔺)5.348s (+12.3% 🔺)1.774s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.053s (+43.6% 🔺)5.776s (+22.0% 🔺)1.723s61.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.303s (+4.7%)7.558s (+16.2% 🔺)2.254s41.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.172s (-19.9% 🟢)2.011s (-9.5% 🟢)0.839s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.183s (-8.9% 🟢)2.008s (-1.0%)0.825s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.193s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.394s (-3.5%)2.007s (~)0.613s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+20.0% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.585s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.474s (-9.2% 🟢)2.006s (-3.2%)0.533s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.286s (+12.6% 🔺)3.991s (+15.9% 🔺)1.705s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.316s (+14.6% 🔺)4.197s (+8.7% 🔺)1.882s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.507s (+50.8% 🔺)6.318s (+40.7% 🔺)1.811s51.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.307s (-7.6% 🟢)2.918s (+5.0%)1.611s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+0.5%)2.082s (-10.1% 🟢)0.750s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.335s (+1.4%)2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)0.981s131.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.533s (+6.3% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.476s101.94x
💻 LocalExpress2.711s (+1.8%)3.110s (+6.6% 🔺)0.398s102.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.809s (+15.7% 🔺)3.109s (~)0.300s102.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.815s (+19.5% 🔺)4.593s (+26.3% 🔺)1.778s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.150s (+44.8% 🔺)4.943s (+28.7% 🔺)1.793s71.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.188s (+48.4% 🔺)7.144s (+46.4% 🔺)1.956s51.84x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.648s (-1.2%)4.305s (~)2.658s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.893s (+19.6% 🔺)4.169s (+0.8%)2.277s81.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s (+13.2% 🔺)5.846s (+12.0% 🔺)2.737s61.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.358s (-30.3% 🟢)6.013s (-31.5% 🟢)0.655s63.25x
💻 LocalNitro5.873s (+8.1% 🔺)6.217s (-3.1%)0.344s53.56x
💻 LocalExpress6.918s (+12.7% 🔺)7.515s (+10.2% 🔺)0.597s44.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.917s (+35.4% 🔺)5.801s (+19.8% 🔺)1.884s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.953s (+25.0% 🔺)6.879s (+25.5% 🔺)1.925s51.26x
▲ VercelNitro5.066s (+81.4% 🔺)6.854s (+45.3% 🔺)1.788s51.29x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.542s (-13.2% 🟢)1.006s (-6.3% 🟢)0.464s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.558s (-3.0%)1.023s (~)0.465s591.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.579s (+1.4%)1.005s (~)0.426s601.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.597s (-9.0% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.407s601.10x
💻 LocalNitro0.605s (+35.7% 🔺)1.022s (+1.5%)0.417s591.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.643s (+25.2% 🔺)1.096s (+8.9% 🔺)0.453s551.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.043s (+57.5% 🔺)5.787s (+44.0% 🔺)1.744s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.059s (+46.1% 🔺)5.616s (+18.5% 🔺)1.557s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.409s (+14.8% 🔺)6.359s (+17.3% 🔺)1.951s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.297s (-24.6% 🟢)2.008s (-13.8% 🟢)0.711s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.349s (-2.7%)2.030s (+1.1%)0.680s451.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (+36.7% 🔺)2.006s (+38.2% 🔺)0.589s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.445s (+3.4%)2.028s (+1.1%)0.583s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.531s (~)2.028s (+1.1%)0.497s451.18x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.843s (+46.6% 🔺)2.388s (+17.6% 🔺)0.545s381.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.612s (+10.3% 🔺)9.415s (+7.8% 🔺)1.804s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.561s (+39.9% 🔺)10.444s (+40.4% 🔺)1.883s91.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.145s (+19.3% 🔺)12.263s (+19.8% 🔺)2.119s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.521s (+5.5% 🔺)3.014s (-0.6%)0.494s411.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.619s (-9.5% 🟢)3.111s (-4.4%)0.492s391.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.623s (-15.1% 🟢)3.085s (-14.4% 🟢)0.462s391.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.095s (+1.6%)3.759s (+4.5%)0.664s321.23x
💻 LocalNitro3.159s (+42.4% 🔺)3.945s (+39.7% 🔺)0.786s311.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.372s (+1.1%)4.009s (~)0.637s301.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.884s (+13.1% 🔺)17.145s (+9.6% 🔺)2.261s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro15.079s (+12.7% 🔺)16.935s (+12.5% 🔺)1.855s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.508s (+1.4%)21.682s (+4.6%)2.174s61.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.176s (-32.1% 🟢)1.006s (-0.9%)0.830s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (+3.3%)1.006s (~)0.797s601.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.226s (-1.4%)1.006s (~)0.780s601.29x
💻 LocalNitro0.459s (+21.9% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.546s602.61x
💻 LocalExpress0.468s (~)1.005s (~)0.537s602.67x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.675s (+9.3% 🔺)1.039s (+3.4%)0.365s583.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.169s (+8.6% 🔺)2.746s (+11.2% 🔺)1.577s221.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.357s (+34.6% 🔺)3.057s (+14.2% 🔺)1.700s201.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.402s (+17.8% 🔺)4.177s (+25.0% 🔺)1.774s152.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.278s (-48.1% 🟢)1.017s (-10.2% 🟢)0.739s891.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.337s (-5.2% 🟢)1.017s (+1.0%)0.680s891.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.382s (+24.6% 🔺)1.020s (+1.3%)0.637s891.38x
💻 LocalNitro2.064s (+38.8% 🔺)2.655s (+29.3% 🔺)0.591s347.42x
💻 LocalExpress2.102s (-7.5% 🟢)2.714s (-4.8%)0.612s347.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.938s (+5.1% 🔺)3.761s (+12.5% 🔺)0.823s2410.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.461s (-0.7%)3.222s (~)1.761s291.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.688s (+29.6% 🔺)3.602s (+34.7% 🔺)1.914s251.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.449s (+35.6% 🔺)5.278s (+40.3% 🔺)1.829s182.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.478s (-7.5% 🟢)1.028s (-2.1%)0.550s1171.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.512s (-7.7% 🟢)1.068s (-3.6%)0.556s1131.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-41.3% 🟢)3.009s (+19.1% 🔺)2.494s401.08x
💻 LocalExpress9.680s (+3.1%)10.614s (~)0.933s1220.26x
💻 LocalNitro9.942s (+33.7% 🔺)10.695s (+29.0% 🔺)0.753s1220.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.617s (+18.1% 🔺)13.233s (+13.4% 🔺)0.616s1026.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.504s (+37.6% 🔺)4.417s (+22.0% 🔺)1.914s281.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.619s (+31.7% 🔺)4.503s (+14.8% 🔺)1.884s271.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.773s (+27.4% 🔺)6.670s (+27.8% 🔺)1.898s191.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.143s (~)1.966s (~)0.013s (+25.7% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.877s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.154s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+10.0% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.865s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (+3.9%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-68.6% 🟢)2.018s (-1.2%)0.863s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.165s (-10.6% 🟢)1.999s (~)0.001s (-92.2% 🟢)2.010s (-1.4%)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.220s (+3.8%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.790s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (+8.6% 🔺)1.952s (-2.1%)0.022s (+2344.4% 🔺)2.037s (+1.4%)0.783s101.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.124s (+11.3% 🔺)3.322s (+8.5% 🔺)2.983s (+98.2% 🔺)6.797s (+35.1% 🔺)4.673s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.517s (+29.8% 🔺)3.743s (+10.7% 🔺)3.049s (+101.7% 🔺)7.298s (+35.6% 🔺)4.781s101.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.066s (+21.6% 🔺)4.931s (+35.3% 🔺)1.718s (+23.6% 🔺)7.767s (+22.4% 🔺)3.701s101.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.529s (+8.4% 🔺)2.009s (~)0.012s (-35.5% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.496s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.555s (~)2.009s (~)0.010s (-28.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.467s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.557s (-4.7%)2.002s (~)0.005s (~)2.025s (~)0.468s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.577s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (-16.0% 🟢)0.005s (+19.6% 🔺)2.026s (-16.2% 🟢)0.449s301.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (~)1.969s (~)0.013s (-5.0% 🟢)2.026s (~)0.418s301.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.865s (+21.0% 🔺)2.314s (+15.5% 🔺)0.004s (-20.4% 🟢)2.337s (+15.3% 🔺)0.472s261.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express6.059s (+5.3% 🔺)7.584s (+3.1%)0.241s (-5.3% 🟢)8.337s (+2.7%)2.278s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.330s (+13.4% 🔺)7.816s (+16.6% 🔺)0.222s (+1.7%)8.531s (+15.2% 🔺)2.201s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.444s (+12.3% 🔺)12.254s (+21.6% 🔺)0.635s (+138.0% 🔺)13.679s (+21.6% 🔺)3.235s51.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.781s (-6.1% 🟢)1.044s (-5.1% 🟢)0.000s (-3.6%)1.078s (-3.7%)0.296s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.928s (-15.1% 🟢)1.304s (-21.4% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.312s (-22.0% 🟢)0.384s461.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.226s (-8.0% 🟢)2.013s (~)0.000s (-43.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.790s301.57x
💻 LocalNitro1.278s (+33.7% 🔺)1.948s (+48.2% 🔺)0.000s (-64.7% 🟢)1.951s (+48.0% 🔺)0.674s311.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.318s (+78.7% 🔺)1.777s (+72.8% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.826s (+73.2% 🔺)0.508s331.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s (-2.0%)1.977s (~)0.001s (+566.7% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.588s301.83x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.275s (+15.1% 🔺)4.715s (+5.6% 🔺)0.000s (+8.3% 🔺)5.223s (+4.8%)1.948s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.572s (+28.2% 🔺)4.902s (+17.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)5.392s (+16.2% 🔺)1.819s121.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.300s (+8.5% 🔺)6.233s (+15.9% 🔺)0.000s (+11.1% 🔺)7.318s (+14.5% 🔺)2.019s91.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.781s (+2.2%)2.340s (~)0.000s (+3.8%)2.357s (+0.5%)0.576s261.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.294s (+39.5% 🔺)2.774s (+23.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.840s (+24.8% 🔺)0.546s231.29x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.599s (-23.0% 🟢)3.100s (-20.0% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)3.109s (-20.8% 🟢)0.511s201.46x
💻 LocalExpress3.306s (-1.6%)3.964s (+1.6%)0.001s (-46.7% 🟢)3.968s (+1.6%)0.662s161.86x
💻 LocalNitro3.652s (+67.2% 🔺)4.229s (+62.3% 🔺)0.001s (-40.0% 🟢)4.233s (+62.1% 🔺)0.581s152.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.921s (-3.0%)4.379s (-2.6%)0.001s (-35.4% 🟢)4.442s (-2.0%)0.521s152.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.184s (~)6.606s (+1.0%)0.016s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.131s (+0.7%)1.946s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.443s (-0.5%)6.612s (+8.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)7.082s (-0.8%)1.639s101.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.491s (+8.6% 🔺)8.598s (+14.1% 🔺)0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)9.517s (+10.8% 🔺)2.026s71.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro12/21
🐘 PostgresExpress9/21
▲ VercelExpress13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres16/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres14/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Highlight search terms from Google/DuckDuckGo/Bing referrer\n(function() {\n var ref = document.referrer;\n var terms = [];\n \n if (ref.includes('google.com') || ref.includes('duckduckgo.com') || ref.includes('bing.com')) {\n var url = new URL(ref);\n var q = url.searchParams.get('q') || url.searchParams.get('p');\n if (q) {\n terms = q.split(/\\s+/).filter(function(t) { return t.length > 2; });\n }\n }\n \n if (terms.length === 0) return;\n \n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.textContent = '.userscript-highlight { background: #fbbf24; color: #1a1a2e; padding: 1px 3px; border-radius: 2px; }';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n \n function highlight(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 3) { // text node\n var text = node.textContent;\n var found = false;\n terms.forEach(function(term) {\n var regex = new RegExp('(' + term.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\') + ')', 'gi');\n if (regex.test(text)) {\n found = true;\n var frag = document.createDocumentFragment();\n var parts = text.split(regex);\n parts.forEach(function(part, i) {\n if (i % 2 === 0) {\n frag.appendChild(document.createTextNode(part));\n } else {\n var span = document.createElement('span');\n span.className = 'userscript-highlight';\n span.textContent = part;\n frag.appendChild(span);\n }\n });\n node.parentNode.replaceChild(frag, node);\n }\n });\n } else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes) { // element\n var skipTags = ['SCRIPT', 'STYLE', 'NOSCRIPT', 'TEXTAREA', 'INPUT', 'SELECT'];\n if (!skipTags.includes(node.tagName)) {\n Array.from(node.childNodes).forEach(highlight);\n }\n }\n }\n \n highlight(document.body);\n \n // Re-highlight on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 3) highlight(node);\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Highlight Search Terms"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Highlight Search Terms]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "*"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + ".*" + '
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[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures - #2679

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures
Jun 27, 2026
Merged

[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures#2679
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures

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Problem

When many steps run in parallel under world-local (e.g. a workflow that fans out hundreds of "use step" calls via Promise.all), the local queue dispatches each delivery as a fetch() to the single-process dev server. Under that load the server can't accept every connection, so undici raises TypeError: fetch failed with an AggregateError [ETIMEDOUT] (or ECONNRESET) cause — localhost is dual-stack, so both ::1 and 127.0.0.1 connect attempts time out and get aggregated.

The delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. A thrown fetch() escaped the loop entirely, landed in the outer .catch() (logging [local world] Queue operation failed:), and the message was silently dropped — the step never started and was never retried. An HTTP 500 got up to 256 retries; a transport timeout got zero.

Fix

Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport-level throw like a failed delivery: back off 5s and retry the same message instead of dropping it. Two cases stay non-retryable:

  • shutdown (close() aborted the agent / backoff sleep),
  • the detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfiguration (rethrown so the outer catch keeps surfacing its actionable guidance).

The handler delivery attempt (x-vqs-message-attempt, which the step/flow handlers count against MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES = 48) is now tracked separately from the loop counter, so a burst of transport timeouts can't inflate it and exhaust the handler's delivery budget before its first real execution.

Tests

Added regression tests in queue.test.ts:

  • a fetch failed/ETIMEDOUT throw is retried until it clears (was dropped at 1 call before),
  • an HTTP 500 control still retries (unchanged),
  • transport failures do not advance the handler delivery attempt (first real delivery arrives as attempt 1).

All existing world-local queue tests, including the detached-ArrayBuffer guidance test, still pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

The local queue's delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. When
`fetch()` itself threw — e.g. `TypeError: fetch failed` with an ETIMEDOUT/
ECONNRESET cause, which undici raises when a single-process dev server can't
accept all connections under many parallel steps — the exception escaped the
retry loop, was logged by the outer catch, and the message was silently
dropped. The step never started and was never retried.
Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport throw like a failed
delivery: back off and retry the same message. Abort (shutdown) and the
detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfig stay non-retryable. Track the handler
delivery attempt separately from the loop counter so a burst of transport
timeouts doesn't inflate `x-vqs-message-attempt` and burn the handler's
MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES budget before its first real execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested review from a team and ijjk as code ownersJune 26, 2026 23:40
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 64488ef

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages
NameType
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.045s (+28.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.046s (-6.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.960s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s (+5.2% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.953s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s (-49.2% 🟢)1.012s (-3.9%)0.952s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-6.8% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.946s101.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.087s (+38.6% 🔺)1.028s (+1.5%)0.941s101.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.228s (+8.3% 🔺)1.993s (+33.3% 🔺)1.765s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.258s (+30.7% 🔺)2.356s (+38.0% 🔺)2.097s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.845s (+54.0% 🔺)2.666s (+31.1% 🔺)1.821s103.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.076s (-1.9%)2.010s (~)0.934s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.079s (+1.2%)2.006s (~)0.927s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.083s (~)2.006s (~)0.924s101.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.086s (~)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.091s (+0.8%)2.009s (-0.5%)0.918s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.101s (~)2.010s (~)0.909s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.556s (+10.6% 🔺)3.335s (+17.7% 🔺)1.779s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.577s (+14.1% 🔺)3.324s (+6.9% 🔺)1.748s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.664s (+24.0% 🔺)4.527s (+27.5% 🔺)1.863s101.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.423s (~)11.022s (~)0.599s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.451s (~)11.023s (~)0.572s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.455s (~)11.015s (~)0.560s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.480s (~)11.022s (~)0.541s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.501s (~)11.018s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.517s (-1.8%)11.017s (~)0.500s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.216s (+3.2%)14.213s (+7.2% 🔺)1.997s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.704s (+8.0% 🔺)14.649s (+5.4% 🔺)1.945s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)12.722s (+0.6%)14.702s (+6.0% 🔺)1.981s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express13.498s (-1.3%)14.020s (~)0.522s51.00x
💻 LocalNitro13.562s (~)14.028s (~)0.467s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.618s (~)14.027s (~)0.409s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.670s (~)14.018s (~)0.348s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.681s (~)14.018s (~)0.337s51.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.704s (~)14.027s (~)0.323s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro17.822s (-4.2%)19.837s (-3.6%)2.014s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress18.465s (+8.2% 🔺)20.474s (+8.2% 🔺)2.009s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.643s (+7.6% 🔺)21.855s (+8.2% 🔺)2.212s31.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro12.079s (+2.4%)12.883s (+7.1% 🔺)0.803s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.250s (-1.0%)13.024s (~)0.774s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.286s (+1.5%)13.035s (+1.3%)0.748s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.291s (~)13.025s (~)0.734s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.385s (+0.7%)13.022s (~)0.637s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.505s (+1.0%)13.015s (~)0.510s71.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express22.381s (+23.9% 🔺)24.505s (+21.3% 🔺)2.123s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro22.587s (+26.6% 🔺)24.762s (+27.0% 🔺)2.175s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.259s (+23.7% 🔺)26.413s (+25.8% 🔺)2.154s41.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.177s (~)2.007s (~)0.830s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.192s (-0.8%)2.008s (~)0.816s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.214s (-10.6% 🟢)2.009s (-1.1%)0.795s151.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.389s (+7.2% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.618s151.18x
💻 LocalExpress1.435s (+1.0%)2.007s (~)0.571s151.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.483s (+5.8% 🔺)2.073s (+3.3%)0.590s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.480s (+29.7% 🔺)4.072s (+7.1% 🔺)1.592s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.841s (+29.4% 🔺)4.434s (+22.1% 🔺)1.593s71.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.880s (+15.2% 🔺)5.725s (+19.1% 🔺)1.845s61.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.271s (-1.8%)2.076s (-19.9% 🟢)0.805s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.315s (-6.4% 🟢)3.209s (+6.3% 🔺)1.894s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.339s (-1.8%)2.393s (-4.6%)1.054s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.475s (-5.1% 🟢)3.109s (+3.3%)0.634s101.95x
💻 LocalNitro2.476s (+2.7%)2.826s (-6.3% 🟢)0.350s111.95x
💻 LocalExpress2.540s (-8.1% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.469s102.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.803s (+11.8% 🔺)4.465s (+21.3% 🔺)1.662s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.844s (+2.4%)4.870s (+8.7% 🔺)2.026s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.421s (+26.2% 🔺)6.464s (+38.3% 🔺)2.044s51.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.610s (-3.2%)4.137s (-3.8%)2.527s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.648s (+4.1%)4.025s (-2.7%)2.377s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.048s (+6.8% 🔺)5.684s (+6.3% 🔺)2.636s61.89x
💻 LocalNitro5.792s (+6.0% 🔺)6.815s (+13.3% 🔺)1.023s53.60x
💻 LocalExpress6.029s (-4.3%)6.614s (-2.9%)0.585s53.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.864s (-7.4% 🟢)7.765s (-8.8% 🟢)0.902s44.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.574s (+15.8% 🔺)5.348s (+12.3% 🔺)1.774s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.053s (+43.6% 🔺)5.776s (+22.0% 🔺)1.723s61.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.303s (+4.7%)7.558s (+16.2% 🔺)2.254s41.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.172s (-19.9% 🟢)2.011s (-9.5% 🟢)0.839s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.183s (-8.9% 🟢)2.008s (-1.0%)0.825s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.193s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.394s (-3.5%)2.007s (~)0.613s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+20.0% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.585s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.474s (-9.2% 🟢)2.006s (-3.2%)0.533s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.286s (+12.6% 🔺)3.991s (+15.9% 🔺)1.705s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.316s (+14.6% 🔺)4.197s (+8.7% 🔺)1.882s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.507s (+50.8% 🔺)6.318s (+40.7% 🔺)1.811s51.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.307s (-7.6% 🟢)2.918s (+5.0%)1.611s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+0.5%)2.082s (-10.1% 🟢)0.750s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.335s (+1.4%)2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)0.981s131.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.533s (+6.3% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.476s101.94x
💻 LocalExpress2.711s (+1.8%)3.110s (+6.6% 🔺)0.398s102.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.809s (+15.7% 🔺)3.109s (~)0.300s102.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.815s (+19.5% 🔺)4.593s (+26.3% 🔺)1.778s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.150s (+44.8% 🔺)4.943s (+28.7% 🔺)1.793s71.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.188s (+48.4% 🔺)7.144s (+46.4% 🔺)1.956s51.84x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.648s (-1.2%)4.305s (~)2.658s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.893s (+19.6% 🔺)4.169s (+0.8%)2.277s81.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s (+13.2% 🔺)5.846s (+12.0% 🔺)2.737s61.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.358s (-30.3% 🟢)6.013s (-31.5% 🟢)0.655s63.25x
💻 LocalNitro5.873s (+8.1% 🔺)6.217s (-3.1%)0.344s53.56x
💻 LocalExpress6.918s (+12.7% 🔺)7.515s (+10.2% 🔺)0.597s44.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.917s (+35.4% 🔺)5.801s (+19.8% 🔺)1.884s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.953s (+25.0% 🔺)6.879s (+25.5% 🔺)1.925s51.26x
▲ VercelNitro5.066s (+81.4% 🔺)6.854s (+45.3% 🔺)1.788s51.29x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.542s (-13.2% 🟢)1.006s (-6.3% 🟢)0.464s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.558s (-3.0%)1.023s (~)0.465s591.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.579s (+1.4%)1.005s (~)0.426s601.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.597s (-9.0% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.407s601.10x
💻 LocalNitro0.605s (+35.7% 🔺)1.022s (+1.5%)0.417s591.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.643s (+25.2% 🔺)1.096s (+8.9% 🔺)0.453s551.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.043s (+57.5% 🔺)5.787s (+44.0% 🔺)1.744s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.059s (+46.1% 🔺)5.616s (+18.5% 🔺)1.557s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.409s (+14.8% 🔺)6.359s (+17.3% 🔺)1.951s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.297s (-24.6% 🟢)2.008s (-13.8% 🟢)0.711s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.349s (-2.7%)2.030s (+1.1%)0.680s451.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (+36.7% 🔺)2.006s (+38.2% 🔺)0.589s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.445s (+3.4%)2.028s (+1.1%)0.583s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.531s (~)2.028s (+1.1%)0.497s451.18x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.843s (+46.6% 🔺)2.388s (+17.6% 🔺)0.545s381.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.612s (+10.3% 🔺)9.415s (+7.8% 🔺)1.804s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.561s (+39.9% 🔺)10.444s (+40.4% 🔺)1.883s91.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.145s (+19.3% 🔺)12.263s (+19.8% 🔺)2.119s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.521s (+5.5% 🔺)3.014s (-0.6%)0.494s411.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.619s (-9.5% 🟢)3.111s (-4.4%)0.492s391.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.623s (-15.1% 🟢)3.085s (-14.4% 🟢)0.462s391.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.095s (+1.6%)3.759s (+4.5%)0.664s321.23x
💻 LocalNitro3.159s (+42.4% 🔺)3.945s (+39.7% 🔺)0.786s311.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.372s (+1.1%)4.009s (~)0.637s301.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.884s (+13.1% 🔺)17.145s (+9.6% 🔺)2.261s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro15.079s (+12.7% 🔺)16.935s (+12.5% 🔺)1.855s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.508s (+1.4%)21.682s (+4.6%)2.174s61.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.176s (-32.1% 🟢)1.006s (-0.9%)0.830s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (+3.3%)1.006s (~)0.797s601.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.226s (-1.4%)1.006s (~)0.780s601.29x
💻 LocalNitro0.459s (+21.9% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.546s602.61x
💻 LocalExpress0.468s (~)1.005s (~)0.537s602.67x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.675s (+9.3% 🔺)1.039s (+3.4%)0.365s583.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.169s (+8.6% 🔺)2.746s (+11.2% 🔺)1.577s221.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.357s (+34.6% 🔺)3.057s (+14.2% 🔺)1.700s201.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.402s (+17.8% 🔺)4.177s (+25.0% 🔺)1.774s152.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.278s (-48.1% 🟢)1.017s (-10.2% 🟢)0.739s891.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.337s (-5.2% 🟢)1.017s (+1.0%)0.680s891.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.382s (+24.6% 🔺)1.020s (+1.3%)0.637s891.38x
💻 LocalNitro2.064s (+38.8% 🔺)2.655s (+29.3% 🔺)0.591s347.42x
💻 LocalExpress2.102s (-7.5% 🟢)2.714s (-4.8%)0.612s347.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.938s (+5.1% 🔺)3.761s (+12.5% 🔺)0.823s2410.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.461s (-0.7%)3.222s (~)1.761s291.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.688s (+29.6% 🔺)3.602s (+34.7% 🔺)1.914s251.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.449s (+35.6% 🔺)5.278s (+40.3% 🔺)1.829s182.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.478s (-7.5% 🟢)1.028s (-2.1%)0.550s1171.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.512s (-7.7% 🟢)1.068s (-3.6%)0.556s1131.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-41.3% 🟢)3.009s (+19.1% 🔺)2.494s401.08x
💻 LocalExpress9.680s (+3.1%)10.614s (~)0.933s1220.26x
💻 LocalNitro9.942s (+33.7% 🔺)10.695s (+29.0% 🔺)0.753s1220.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.617s (+18.1% 🔺)13.233s (+13.4% 🔺)0.616s1026.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.504s (+37.6% 🔺)4.417s (+22.0% 🔺)1.914s281.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.619s (+31.7% 🔺)4.503s (+14.8% 🔺)1.884s271.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.773s (+27.4% 🔺)6.670s (+27.8% 🔺)1.898s191.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.143s (~)1.966s (~)0.013s (+25.7% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.877s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.154s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+10.0% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.865s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (+3.9%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-68.6% 🟢)2.018s (-1.2%)0.863s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.165s (-10.6% 🟢)1.999s (~)0.001s (-92.2% 🟢)2.010s (-1.4%)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.220s (+3.8%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.790s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (+8.6% 🔺)1.952s (-2.1%)0.022s (+2344.4% 🔺)2.037s (+1.4%)0.783s101.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.124s (+11.3% 🔺)3.322s (+8.5% 🔺)2.983s (+98.2% 🔺)6.797s (+35.1% 🔺)4.673s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.517s (+29.8% 🔺)3.743s (+10.7% 🔺)3.049s (+101.7% 🔺)7.298s (+35.6% 🔺)4.781s101.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.066s (+21.6% 🔺)4.931s (+35.3% 🔺)1.718s (+23.6% 🔺)7.767s (+22.4% 🔺)3.701s101.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.529s (+8.4% 🔺)2.009s (~)0.012s (-35.5% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.496s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.555s (~)2.009s (~)0.010s (-28.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.467s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.557s (-4.7%)2.002s (~)0.005s (~)2.025s (~)0.468s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.577s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (-16.0% 🟢)0.005s (+19.6% 🔺)2.026s (-16.2% 🟢)0.449s301.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (~)1.969s (~)0.013s (-5.0% 🟢)2.026s (~)0.418s301.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.865s (+21.0% 🔺)2.314s (+15.5% 🔺)0.004s (-20.4% 🟢)2.337s (+15.3% 🔺)0.472s261.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express6.059s (+5.3% 🔺)7.584s (+3.1%)0.241s (-5.3% 🟢)8.337s (+2.7%)2.278s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.330s (+13.4% 🔺)7.816s (+16.6% 🔺)0.222s (+1.7%)8.531s (+15.2% 🔺)2.201s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.444s (+12.3% 🔺)12.254s (+21.6% 🔺)0.635s (+138.0% 🔺)13.679s (+21.6% 🔺)3.235s51.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.781s (-6.1% 🟢)1.044s (-5.1% 🟢)0.000s (-3.6%)1.078s (-3.7%)0.296s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.928s (-15.1% 🟢)1.304s (-21.4% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.312s (-22.0% 🟢)0.384s461.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.226s (-8.0% 🟢)2.013s (~)0.000s (-43.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.790s301.57x
💻 LocalNitro1.278s (+33.7% 🔺)1.948s (+48.2% 🔺)0.000s (-64.7% 🟢)1.951s (+48.0% 🔺)0.674s311.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.318s (+78.7% 🔺)1.777s (+72.8% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.826s (+73.2% 🔺)0.508s331.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s (-2.0%)1.977s (~)0.001s (+566.7% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.588s301.83x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.275s (+15.1% 🔺)4.715s (+5.6% 🔺)0.000s (+8.3% 🔺)5.223s (+4.8%)1.948s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.572s (+28.2% 🔺)4.902s (+17.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)5.392s (+16.2% 🔺)1.819s121.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.300s (+8.5% 🔺)6.233s (+15.9% 🔺)0.000s (+11.1% 🔺)7.318s (+14.5% 🔺)2.019s91.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.781s (+2.2%)2.340s (~)0.000s (+3.8%)2.357s (+0.5%)0.576s261.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.294s (+39.5% 🔺)2.774s (+23.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.840s (+24.8% 🔺)0.546s231.29x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.599s (-23.0% 🟢)3.100s (-20.0% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)3.109s (-20.8% 🟢)0.511s201.46x
💻 LocalExpress3.306s (-1.6%)3.964s (+1.6%)0.001s (-46.7% 🟢)3.968s (+1.6%)0.662s161.86x
💻 LocalNitro3.652s (+67.2% 🔺)4.229s (+62.3% 🔺)0.001s (-40.0% 🟢)4.233s (+62.1% 🔺)0.581s152.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.921s (-3.0%)4.379s (-2.6%)0.001s (-35.4% 🟢)4.442s (-2.0%)0.521s152.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.184s (~)6.606s (+1.0%)0.016s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.131s (+0.7%)1.946s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.443s (-0.5%)6.612s (+8.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)7.082s (-0.8%)1.639s101.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.491s (+8.6% 🔺)8.598s (+14.1% 🔺)0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)9.517s (+10.8% 🔺)2.026s71.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro12/21
🐘 PostgresExpress9/21
▲ VercelExpress13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres16/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres14/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Strip utm_, fbclid, gclid, etc. from all links on page\n(function() {\n var trackingParams = ['utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content',\n 'fbclid', 'gclid', 'dclid', 'msclkid', 'yclid',\n 'ref', 'ref_src', 'source', 'medium', 'campaign'];\n \n function cleanUrl(url) {\n try {\n var u = new URL(url, window.location.origin);\n var changed = false;\n trackingParams.forEach(function(p) {\n if (u.searchParams.has(p)) {\n u.searchParams.delete(p);\n changed = true;\n }\n });\n return changed ? u.toString() : url;\n } catch (e) {\n return url;\n }\n }\n \n function cleanLinks() {\n document.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n \n cleanLinks();\n \n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n mutations.forEach(function(m) {\n m.addedNodes.forEach(function(node) {\n if (node.nodeType === 1) {\n if (node.tagName === 'A') cleanLinks();\n node.querySelectorAll('a[href]').forEach(function(a) {\n var clean = cleanUrl(a.href);\n if (clean !== a.href) a.href = clean;\n });\n }\n });\n });\n });\n observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true });\n})();", "Remove Tracking Parameters from Links"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Remove Tracking Parameters from Links]', __e); } })(); (function(){ try { var __m = "youtube.com"; var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
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[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures - #2679

Merged
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures
Jun 27, 2026
Merged

[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures#2679
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures

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Problem

When many steps run in parallel under world-local (e.g. a workflow that fans out hundreds of "use step" calls via Promise.all), the local queue dispatches each delivery as a fetch() to the single-process dev server. Under that load the server can't accept every connection, so undici raises TypeError: fetch failed with an AggregateError [ETIMEDOUT] (or ECONNRESET) cause — localhost is dual-stack, so both ::1 and 127.0.0.1 connect attempts time out and get aggregated.

The delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. A thrown fetch() escaped the loop entirely, landed in the outer .catch() (logging [local world] Queue operation failed:), and the message was silently dropped — the step never started and was never retried. An HTTP 500 got up to 256 retries; a transport timeout got zero.

Fix

Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport-level throw like a failed delivery: back off 5s and retry the same message instead of dropping it. Two cases stay non-retryable:

  • shutdown (close() aborted the agent / backoff sleep),
  • the detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfiguration (rethrown so the outer catch keeps surfacing its actionable guidance).

The handler delivery attempt (x-vqs-message-attempt, which the step/flow handlers count against MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES = 48) is now tracked separately from the loop counter, so a burst of transport timeouts can't inflate it and exhaust the handler's delivery budget before its first real execution.

Tests

Added regression tests in queue.test.ts:

  • a fetch failed/ETIMEDOUT throw is retried until it clears (was dropped at 1 call before),
  • an HTTP 500 control still retries (unchanged),
  • transport failures do not advance the handler delivery attempt (first real delivery arrives as attempt 1).

All existing world-local queue tests, including the detached-ArrayBuffer guidance test, still pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

The local queue's delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. When
`fetch()` itself threw — e.g. `TypeError: fetch failed` with an ETIMEDOUT/
ECONNRESET cause, which undici raises when a single-process dev server can't
accept all connections under many parallel steps — the exception escaped the
retry loop, was logged by the outer catch, and the message was silently
dropped. The step never started and was never retried.
Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport throw like a failed
delivery: back off and retry the same message. Abort (shutdown) and the
detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfig stay non-retryable. Track the handler
delivery attempt separately from the loop counter so a burst of transport
timeouts doesn't inflate `x-vqs-message-attempt` and burn the handler's
MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES budget before its first real execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested review from a team and ijjk as code ownersJune 26, 2026 23:40
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 64488ef

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages
NameType
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.045s (+28.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.046s (-6.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.960s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s (+5.2% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.953s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s (-49.2% 🟢)1.012s (-3.9%)0.952s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-6.8% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.946s101.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.087s (+38.6% 🔺)1.028s (+1.5%)0.941s101.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.228s (+8.3% 🔺)1.993s (+33.3% 🔺)1.765s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.258s (+30.7% 🔺)2.356s (+38.0% 🔺)2.097s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.845s (+54.0% 🔺)2.666s (+31.1% 🔺)1.821s103.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.076s (-1.9%)2.010s (~)0.934s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.079s (+1.2%)2.006s (~)0.927s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.083s (~)2.006s (~)0.924s101.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.086s (~)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.091s (+0.8%)2.009s (-0.5%)0.918s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.101s (~)2.010s (~)0.909s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.556s (+10.6% 🔺)3.335s (+17.7% 🔺)1.779s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.577s (+14.1% 🔺)3.324s (+6.9% 🔺)1.748s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.664s (+24.0% 🔺)4.527s (+27.5% 🔺)1.863s101.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.423s (~)11.022s (~)0.599s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.451s (~)11.023s (~)0.572s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.455s (~)11.015s (~)0.560s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.480s (~)11.022s (~)0.541s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.501s (~)11.018s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.517s (-1.8%)11.017s (~)0.500s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.216s (+3.2%)14.213s (+7.2% 🔺)1.997s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.704s (+8.0% 🔺)14.649s (+5.4% 🔺)1.945s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)12.722s (+0.6%)14.702s (+6.0% 🔺)1.981s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express13.498s (-1.3%)14.020s (~)0.522s51.00x
💻 LocalNitro13.562s (~)14.028s (~)0.467s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.618s (~)14.027s (~)0.409s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.670s (~)14.018s (~)0.348s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.681s (~)14.018s (~)0.337s51.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.704s (~)14.027s (~)0.323s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro17.822s (-4.2%)19.837s (-3.6%)2.014s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress18.465s (+8.2% 🔺)20.474s (+8.2% 🔺)2.009s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.643s (+7.6% 🔺)21.855s (+8.2% 🔺)2.212s31.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro12.079s (+2.4%)12.883s (+7.1% 🔺)0.803s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.250s (-1.0%)13.024s (~)0.774s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.286s (+1.5%)13.035s (+1.3%)0.748s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.291s (~)13.025s (~)0.734s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.385s (+0.7%)13.022s (~)0.637s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.505s (+1.0%)13.015s (~)0.510s71.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express22.381s (+23.9% 🔺)24.505s (+21.3% 🔺)2.123s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro22.587s (+26.6% 🔺)24.762s (+27.0% 🔺)2.175s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.259s (+23.7% 🔺)26.413s (+25.8% 🔺)2.154s41.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.177s (~)2.007s (~)0.830s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.192s (-0.8%)2.008s (~)0.816s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.214s (-10.6% 🟢)2.009s (-1.1%)0.795s151.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.389s (+7.2% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.618s151.18x
💻 LocalExpress1.435s (+1.0%)2.007s (~)0.571s151.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.483s (+5.8% 🔺)2.073s (+3.3%)0.590s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.480s (+29.7% 🔺)4.072s (+7.1% 🔺)1.592s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.841s (+29.4% 🔺)4.434s (+22.1% 🔺)1.593s71.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.880s (+15.2% 🔺)5.725s (+19.1% 🔺)1.845s61.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.271s (-1.8%)2.076s (-19.9% 🟢)0.805s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.315s (-6.4% 🟢)3.209s (+6.3% 🔺)1.894s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.339s (-1.8%)2.393s (-4.6%)1.054s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.475s (-5.1% 🟢)3.109s (+3.3%)0.634s101.95x
💻 LocalNitro2.476s (+2.7%)2.826s (-6.3% 🟢)0.350s111.95x
💻 LocalExpress2.540s (-8.1% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.469s102.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.803s (+11.8% 🔺)4.465s (+21.3% 🔺)1.662s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.844s (+2.4%)4.870s (+8.7% 🔺)2.026s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.421s (+26.2% 🔺)6.464s (+38.3% 🔺)2.044s51.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.610s (-3.2%)4.137s (-3.8%)2.527s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.648s (+4.1%)4.025s (-2.7%)2.377s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.048s (+6.8% 🔺)5.684s (+6.3% 🔺)2.636s61.89x
💻 LocalNitro5.792s (+6.0% 🔺)6.815s (+13.3% 🔺)1.023s53.60x
💻 LocalExpress6.029s (-4.3%)6.614s (-2.9%)0.585s53.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.864s (-7.4% 🟢)7.765s (-8.8% 🟢)0.902s44.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.574s (+15.8% 🔺)5.348s (+12.3% 🔺)1.774s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.053s (+43.6% 🔺)5.776s (+22.0% 🔺)1.723s61.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.303s (+4.7%)7.558s (+16.2% 🔺)2.254s41.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.172s (-19.9% 🟢)2.011s (-9.5% 🟢)0.839s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.183s (-8.9% 🟢)2.008s (-1.0%)0.825s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.193s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.394s (-3.5%)2.007s (~)0.613s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+20.0% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.585s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.474s (-9.2% 🟢)2.006s (-3.2%)0.533s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.286s (+12.6% 🔺)3.991s (+15.9% 🔺)1.705s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.316s (+14.6% 🔺)4.197s (+8.7% 🔺)1.882s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.507s (+50.8% 🔺)6.318s (+40.7% 🔺)1.811s51.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.307s (-7.6% 🟢)2.918s (+5.0%)1.611s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+0.5%)2.082s (-10.1% 🟢)0.750s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.335s (+1.4%)2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)0.981s131.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.533s (+6.3% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.476s101.94x
💻 LocalExpress2.711s (+1.8%)3.110s (+6.6% 🔺)0.398s102.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.809s (+15.7% 🔺)3.109s (~)0.300s102.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.815s (+19.5% 🔺)4.593s (+26.3% 🔺)1.778s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.150s (+44.8% 🔺)4.943s (+28.7% 🔺)1.793s71.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.188s (+48.4% 🔺)7.144s (+46.4% 🔺)1.956s51.84x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.648s (-1.2%)4.305s (~)2.658s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.893s (+19.6% 🔺)4.169s (+0.8%)2.277s81.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s (+13.2% 🔺)5.846s (+12.0% 🔺)2.737s61.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.358s (-30.3% 🟢)6.013s (-31.5% 🟢)0.655s63.25x
💻 LocalNitro5.873s (+8.1% 🔺)6.217s (-3.1%)0.344s53.56x
💻 LocalExpress6.918s (+12.7% 🔺)7.515s (+10.2% 🔺)0.597s44.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.917s (+35.4% 🔺)5.801s (+19.8% 🔺)1.884s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.953s (+25.0% 🔺)6.879s (+25.5% 🔺)1.925s51.26x
▲ VercelNitro5.066s (+81.4% 🔺)6.854s (+45.3% 🔺)1.788s51.29x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.542s (-13.2% 🟢)1.006s (-6.3% 🟢)0.464s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.558s (-3.0%)1.023s (~)0.465s591.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.579s (+1.4%)1.005s (~)0.426s601.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.597s (-9.0% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.407s601.10x
💻 LocalNitro0.605s (+35.7% 🔺)1.022s (+1.5%)0.417s591.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.643s (+25.2% 🔺)1.096s (+8.9% 🔺)0.453s551.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.043s (+57.5% 🔺)5.787s (+44.0% 🔺)1.744s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.059s (+46.1% 🔺)5.616s (+18.5% 🔺)1.557s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.409s (+14.8% 🔺)6.359s (+17.3% 🔺)1.951s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.297s (-24.6% 🟢)2.008s (-13.8% 🟢)0.711s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.349s (-2.7%)2.030s (+1.1%)0.680s451.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (+36.7% 🔺)2.006s (+38.2% 🔺)0.589s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.445s (+3.4%)2.028s (+1.1%)0.583s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.531s (~)2.028s (+1.1%)0.497s451.18x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.843s (+46.6% 🔺)2.388s (+17.6% 🔺)0.545s381.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.612s (+10.3% 🔺)9.415s (+7.8% 🔺)1.804s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.561s (+39.9% 🔺)10.444s (+40.4% 🔺)1.883s91.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.145s (+19.3% 🔺)12.263s (+19.8% 🔺)2.119s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.521s (+5.5% 🔺)3.014s (-0.6%)0.494s411.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.619s (-9.5% 🟢)3.111s (-4.4%)0.492s391.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.623s (-15.1% 🟢)3.085s (-14.4% 🟢)0.462s391.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.095s (+1.6%)3.759s (+4.5%)0.664s321.23x
💻 LocalNitro3.159s (+42.4% 🔺)3.945s (+39.7% 🔺)0.786s311.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.372s (+1.1%)4.009s (~)0.637s301.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.884s (+13.1% 🔺)17.145s (+9.6% 🔺)2.261s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro15.079s (+12.7% 🔺)16.935s (+12.5% 🔺)1.855s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.508s (+1.4%)21.682s (+4.6%)2.174s61.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.176s (-32.1% 🟢)1.006s (-0.9%)0.830s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (+3.3%)1.006s (~)0.797s601.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.226s (-1.4%)1.006s (~)0.780s601.29x
💻 LocalNitro0.459s (+21.9% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.546s602.61x
💻 LocalExpress0.468s (~)1.005s (~)0.537s602.67x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.675s (+9.3% 🔺)1.039s (+3.4%)0.365s583.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.169s (+8.6% 🔺)2.746s (+11.2% 🔺)1.577s221.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.357s (+34.6% 🔺)3.057s (+14.2% 🔺)1.700s201.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.402s (+17.8% 🔺)4.177s (+25.0% 🔺)1.774s152.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.278s (-48.1% 🟢)1.017s (-10.2% 🟢)0.739s891.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.337s (-5.2% 🟢)1.017s (+1.0%)0.680s891.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.382s (+24.6% 🔺)1.020s (+1.3%)0.637s891.38x
💻 LocalNitro2.064s (+38.8% 🔺)2.655s (+29.3% 🔺)0.591s347.42x
💻 LocalExpress2.102s (-7.5% 🟢)2.714s (-4.8%)0.612s347.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.938s (+5.1% 🔺)3.761s (+12.5% 🔺)0.823s2410.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.461s (-0.7%)3.222s (~)1.761s291.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.688s (+29.6% 🔺)3.602s (+34.7% 🔺)1.914s251.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.449s (+35.6% 🔺)5.278s (+40.3% 🔺)1.829s182.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.478s (-7.5% 🟢)1.028s (-2.1%)0.550s1171.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.512s (-7.7% 🟢)1.068s (-3.6%)0.556s1131.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-41.3% 🟢)3.009s (+19.1% 🔺)2.494s401.08x
💻 LocalExpress9.680s (+3.1%)10.614s (~)0.933s1220.26x
💻 LocalNitro9.942s (+33.7% 🔺)10.695s (+29.0% 🔺)0.753s1220.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.617s (+18.1% 🔺)13.233s (+13.4% 🔺)0.616s1026.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.504s (+37.6% 🔺)4.417s (+22.0% 🔺)1.914s281.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.619s (+31.7% 🔺)4.503s (+14.8% 🔺)1.884s271.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.773s (+27.4% 🔺)6.670s (+27.8% 🔺)1.898s191.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.143s (~)1.966s (~)0.013s (+25.7% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.877s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.154s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+10.0% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.865s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (+3.9%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-68.6% 🟢)2.018s (-1.2%)0.863s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.165s (-10.6% 🟢)1.999s (~)0.001s (-92.2% 🟢)2.010s (-1.4%)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.220s (+3.8%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.790s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (+8.6% 🔺)1.952s (-2.1%)0.022s (+2344.4% 🔺)2.037s (+1.4%)0.783s101.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.124s (+11.3% 🔺)3.322s (+8.5% 🔺)2.983s (+98.2% 🔺)6.797s (+35.1% 🔺)4.673s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.517s (+29.8% 🔺)3.743s (+10.7% 🔺)3.049s (+101.7% 🔺)7.298s (+35.6% 🔺)4.781s101.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.066s (+21.6% 🔺)4.931s (+35.3% 🔺)1.718s (+23.6% 🔺)7.767s (+22.4% 🔺)3.701s101.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.529s (+8.4% 🔺)2.009s (~)0.012s (-35.5% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.496s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.555s (~)2.009s (~)0.010s (-28.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.467s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.557s (-4.7%)2.002s (~)0.005s (~)2.025s (~)0.468s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.577s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (-16.0% 🟢)0.005s (+19.6% 🔺)2.026s (-16.2% 🟢)0.449s301.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (~)1.969s (~)0.013s (-5.0% 🟢)2.026s (~)0.418s301.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.865s (+21.0% 🔺)2.314s (+15.5% 🔺)0.004s (-20.4% 🟢)2.337s (+15.3% 🔺)0.472s261.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express6.059s (+5.3% 🔺)7.584s (+3.1%)0.241s (-5.3% 🟢)8.337s (+2.7%)2.278s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.330s (+13.4% 🔺)7.816s (+16.6% 🔺)0.222s (+1.7%)8.531s (+15.2% 🔺)2.201s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.444s (+12.3% 🔺)12.254s (+21.6% 🔺)0.635s (+138.0% 🔺)13.679s (+21.6% 🔺)3.235s51.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.781s (-6.1% 🟢)1.044s (-5.1% 🟢)0.000s (-3.6%)1.078s (-3.7%)0.296s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.928s (-15.1% 🟢)1.304s (-21.4% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.312s (-22.0% 🟢)0.384s461.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.226s (-8.0% 🟢)2.013s (~)0.000s (-43.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.790s301.57x
💻 LocalNitro1.278s (+33.7% 🔺)1.948s (+48.2% 🔺)0.000s (-64.7% 🟢)1.951s (+48.0% 🔺)0.674s311.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.318s (+78.7% 🔺)1.777s (+72.8% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.826s (+73.2% 🔺)0.508s331.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s (-2.0%)1.977s (~)0.001s (+566.7% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.588s301.83x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.275s (+15.1% 🔺)4.715s (+5.6% 🔺)0.000s (+8.3% 🔺)5.223s (+4.8%)1.948s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.572s (+28.2% 🔺)4.902s (+17.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)5.392s (+16.2% 🔺)1.819s121.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.300s (+8.5% 🔺)6.233s (+15.9% 🔺)0.000s (+11.1% 🔺)7.318s (+14.5% 🔺)2.019s91.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.781s (+2.2%)2.340s (~)0.000s (+3.8%)2.357s (+0.5%)0.576s261.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.294s (+39.5% 🔺)2.774s (+23.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.840s (+24.8% 🔺)0.546s231.29x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.599s (-23.0% 🟢)3.100s (-20.0% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)3.109s (-20.8% 🟢)0.511s201.46x
💻 LocalExpress3.306s (-1.6%)3.964s (+1.6%)0.001s (-46.7% 🟢)3.968s (+1.6%)0.662s161.86x
💻 LocalNitro3.652s (+67.2% 🔺)4.229s (+62.3% 🔺)0.001s (-40.0% 🟢)4.233s (+62.1% 🔺)0.581s152.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.921s (-3.0%)4.379s (-2.6%)0.001s (-35.4% 🟢)4.442s (-2.0%)0.521s152.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.184s (~)6.606s (+1.0%)0.016s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.131s (+0.7%)1.946s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.443s (-0.5%)6.612s (+8.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)7.082s (-0.8%)1.639s101.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.491s (+8.6% 🔺)8.598s (+14.1% 🔺)0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)9.517s (+10.8% 🔺)2.026s71.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro12/21
🐘 PostgresExpress9/21
▲ VercelExpress13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres16/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres14/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
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[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures - #2679

Merged
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures
Jun 27, 2026
Merged

[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures#2679
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures

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Problem

When many steps run in parallel under world-local (e.g. a workflow that fans out hundreds of "use step" calls via Promise.all), the local queue dispatches each delivery as a fetch() to the single-process dev server. Under that load the server can't accept every connection, so undici raises TypeError: fetch failed with an AggregateError [ETIMEDOUT] (or ECONNRESET) cause — localhost is dual-stack, so both ::1 and 127.0.0.1 connect attempts time out and get aggregated.

The delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. A thrown fetch() escaped the loop entirely, landed in the outer .catch() (logging [local world] Queue operation failed:), and the message was silently dropped — the step never started and was never retried. An HTTP 500 got up to 256 retries; a transport timeout got zero.

Fix

Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport-level throw like a failed delivery: back off 5s and retry the same message instead of dropping it. Two cases stay non-retryable:

  • shutdown (close() aborted the agent / backoff sleep),
  • the detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfiguration (rethrown so the outer catch keeps surfacing its actionable guidance).

The handler delivery attempt (x-vqs-message-attempt, which the step/flow handlers count against MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES = 48) is now tracked separately from the loop counter, so a burst of transport timeouts can't inflate it and exhaust the handler's delivery budget before its first real execution.

Tests

Added regression tests in queue.test.ts:

  • a fetch failed/ETIMEDOUT throw is retried until it clears (was dropped at 1 call before),
  • an HTTP 500 control still retries (unchanged),
  • transport failures do not advance the handler delivery attempt (first real delivery arrives as attempt 1).

All existing world-local queue tests, including the detached-ArrayBuffer guidance test, still pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

The local queue's delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. When
`fetch()` itself threw — e.g. `TypeError: fetch failed` with an ETIMEDOUT/
ECONNRESET cause, which undici raises when a single-process dev server can't
accept all connections under many parallel steps — the exception escaped the
retry loop, was logged by the outer catch, and the message was silently
dropped. The step never started and was never retried.
Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport throw like a failed
delivery: back off and retry the same message. Abort (shutdown) and the
detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfig stay non-retryable. Track the handler
delivery attempt separately from the loop counter so a burst of transport
timeouts doesn't inflate `x-vqs-message-attempt` and burn the handler's
MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES budget before its first real execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested review from a team and ijjk as code ownersJune 26, 2026 23:40
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 64488ef

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages
NameType
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.045s (+28.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.046s (-6.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.960s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s (+5.2% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.953s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s (-49.2% 🟢)1.012s (-3.9%)0.952s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-6.8% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.946s101.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.087s (+38.6% 🔺)1.028s (+1.5%)0.941s101.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.228s (+8.3% 🔺)1.993s (+33.3% 🔺)1.765s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.258s (+30.7% 🔺)2.356s (+38.0% 🔺)2.097s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.845s (+54.0% 🔺)2.666s (+31.1% 🔺)1.821s103.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.076s (-1.9%)2.010s (~)0.934s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.079s (+1.2%)2.006s (~)0.927s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.083s (~)2.006s (~)0.924s101.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.086s (~)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.091s (+0.8%)2.009s (-0.5%)0.918s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.101s (~)2.010s (~)0.909s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.556s (+10.6% 🔺)3.335s (+17.7% 🔺)1.779s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.577s (+14.1% 🔺)3.324s (+6.9% 🔺)1.748s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.664s (+24.0% 🔺)4.527s (+27.5% 🔺)1.863s101.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.423s (~)11.022s (~)0.599s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.451s (~)11.023s (~)0.572s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.455s (~)11.015s (~)0.560s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.480s (~)11.022s (~)0.541s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.501s (~)11.018s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.517s (-1.8%)11.017s (~)0.500s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.216s (+3.2%)14.213s (+7.2% 🔺)1.997s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.704s (+8.0% 🔺)14.649s (+5.4% 🔺)1.945s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)12.722s (+0.6%)14.702s (+6.0% 🔺)1.981s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express13.498s (-1.3%)14.020s (~)0.522s51.00x
💻 LocalNitro13.562s (~)14.028s (~)0.467s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.618s (~)14.027s (~)0.409s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.670s (~)14.018s (~)0.348s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.681s (~)14.018s (~)0.337s51.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.704s (~)14.027s (~)0.323s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro17.822s (-4.2%)19.837s (-3.6%)2.014s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress18.465s (+8.2% 🔺)20.474s (+8.2% 🔺)2.009s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.643s (+7.6% 🔺)21.855s (+8.2% 🔺)2.212s31.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro12.079s (+2.4%)12.883s (+7.1% 🔺)0.803s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.250s (-1.0%)13.024s (~)0.774s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.286s (+1.5%)13.035s (+1.3%)0.748s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.291s (~)13.025s (~)0.734s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.385s (+0.7%)13.022s (~)0.637s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.505s (+1.0%)13.015s (~)0.510s71.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express22.381s (+23.9% 🔺)24.505s (+21.3% 🔺)2.123s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro22.587s (+26.6% 🔺)24.762s (+27.0% 🔺)2.175s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.259s (+23.7% 🔺)26.413s (+25.8% 🔺)2.154s41.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.177s (~)2.007s (~)0.830s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.192s (-0.8%)2.008s (~)0.816s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.214s (-10.6% 🟢)2.009s (-1.1%)0.795s151.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.389s (+7.2% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.618s151.18x
💻 LocalExpress1.435s (+1.0%)2.007s (~)0.571s151.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.483s (+5.8% 🔺)2.073s (+3.3%)0.590s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.480s (+29.7% 🔺)4.072s (+7.1% 🔺)1.592s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.841s (+29.4% 🔺)4.434s (+22.1% 🔺)1.593s71.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.880s (+15.2% 🔺)5.725s (+19.1% 🔺)1.845s61.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.271s (-1.8%)2.076s (-19.9% 🟢)0.805s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.315s (-6.4% 🟢)3.209s (+6.3% 🔺)1.894s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.339s (-1.8%)2.393s (-4.6%)1.054s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.475s (-5.1% 🟢)3.109s (+3.3%)0.634s101.95x
💻 LocalNitro2.476s (+2.7%)2.826s (-6.3% 🟢)0.350s111.95x
💻 LocalExpress2.540s (-8.1% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.469s102.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.803s (+11.8% 🔺)4.465s (+21.3% 🔺)1.662s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.844s (+2.4%)4.870s (+8.7% 🔺)2.026s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.421s (+26.2% 🔺)6.464s (+38.3% 🔺)2.044s51.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.610s (-3.2%)4.137s (-3.8%)2.527s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.648s (+4.1%)4.025s (-2.7%)2.377s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.048s (+6.8% 🔺)5.684s (+6.3% 🔺)2.636s61.89x
💻 LocalNitro5.792s (+6.0% 🔺)6.815s (+13.3% 🔺)1.023s53.60x
💻 LocalExpress6.029s (-4.3%)6.614s (-2.9%)0.585s53.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.864s (-7.4% 🟢)7.765s (-8.8% 🟢)0.902s44.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.574s (+15.8% 🔺)5.348s (+12.3% 🔺)1.774s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.053s (+43.6% 🔺)5.776s (+22.0% 🔺)1.723s61.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.303s (+4.7%)7.558s (+16.2% 🔺)2.254s41.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.172s (-19.9% 🟢)2.011s (-9.5% 🟢)0.839s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.183s (-8.9% 🟢)2.008s (-1.0%)0.825s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.193s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.394s (-3.5%)2.007s (~)0.613s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+20.0% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.585s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.474s (-9.2% 🟢)2.006s (-3.2%)0.533s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.286s (+12.6% 🔺)3.991s (+15.9% 🔺)1.705s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.316s (+14.6% 🔺)4.197s (+8.7% 🔺)1.882s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.507s (+50.8% 🔺)6.318s (+40.7% 🔺)1.811s51.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.307s (-7.6% 🟢)2.918s (+5.0%)1.611s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+0.5%)2.082s (-10.1% 🟢)0.750s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.335s (+1.4%)2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)0.981s131.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.533s (+6.3% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.476s101.94x
💻 LocalExpress2.711s (+1.8%)3.110s (+6.6% 🔺)0.398s102.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.809s (+15.7% 🔺)3.109s (~)0.300s102.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.815s (+19.5% 🔺)4.593s (+26.3% 🔺)1.778s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.150s (+44.8% 🔺)4.943s (+28.7% 🔺)1.793s71.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.188s (+48.4% 🔺)7.144s (+46.4% 🔺)1.956s51.84x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.648s (-1.2%)4.305s (~)2.658s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.893s (+19.6% 🔺)4.169s (+0.8%)2.277s81.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s (+13.2% 🔺)5.846s (+12.0% 🔺)2.737s61.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.358s (-30.3% 🟢)6.013s (-31.5% 🟢)0.655s63.25x
💻 LocalNitro5.873s (+8.1% 🔺)6.217s (-3.1%)0.344s53.56x
💻 LocalExpress6.918s (+12.7% 🔺)7.515s (+10.2% 🔺)0.597s44.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.917s (+35.4% 🔺)5.801s (+19.8% 🔺)1.884s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.953s (+25.0% 🔺)6.879s (+25.5% 🔺)1.925s51.26x
▲ VercelNitro5.066s (+81.4% 🔺)6.854s (+45.3% 🔺)1.788s51.29x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.542s (-13.2% 🟢)1.006s (-6.3% 🟢)0.464s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.558s (-3.0%)1.023s (~)0.465s591.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.579s (+1.4%)1.005s (~)0.426s601.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.597s (-9.0% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.407s601.10x
💻 LocalNitro0.605s (+35.7% 🔺)1.022s (+1.5%)0.417s591.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.643s (+25.2% 🔺)1.096s (+8.9% 🔺)0.453s551.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.043s (+57.5% 🔺)5.787s (+44.0% 🔺)1.744s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.059s (+46.1% 🔺)5.616s (+18.5% 🔺)1.557s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.409s (+14.8% 🔺)6.359s (+17.3% 🔺)1.951s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.297s (-24.6% 🟢)2.008s (-13.8% 🟢)0.711s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.349s (-2.7%)2.030s (+1.1%)0.680s451.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (+36.7% 🔺)2.006s (+38.2% 🔺)0.589s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.445s (+3.4%)2.028s (+1.1%)0.583s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.531s (~)2.028s (+1.1%)0.497s451.18x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.843s (+46.6% 🔺)2.388s (+17.6% 🔺)0.545s381.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.612s (+10.3% 🔺)9.415s (+7.8% 🔺)1.804s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.561s (+39.9% 🔺)10.444s (+40.4% 🔺)1.883s91.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.145s (+19.3% 🔺)12.263s (+19.8% 🔺)2.119s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.521s (+5.5% 🔺)3.014s (-0.6%)0.494s411.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.619s (-9.5% 🟢)3.111s (-4.4%)0.492s391.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.623s (-15.1% 🟢)3.085s (-14.4% 🟢)0.462s391.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.095s (+1.6%)3.759s (+4.5%)0.664s321.23x
💻 LocalNitro3.159s (+42.4% 🔺)3.945s (+39.7% 🔺)0.786s311.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.372s (+1.1%)4.009s (~)0.637s301.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.884s (+13.1% 🔺)17.145s (+9.6% 🔺)2.261s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro15.079s (+12.7% 🔺)16.935s (+12.5% 🔺)1.855s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.508s (+1.4%)21.682s (+4.6%)2.174s61.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.176s (-32.1% 🟢)1.006s (-0.9%)0.830s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (+3.3%)1.006s (~)0.797s601.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.226s (-1.4%)1.006s (~)0.780s601.29x
💻 LocalNitro0.459s (+21.9% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.546s602.61x
💻 LocalExpress0.468s (~)1.005s (~)0.537s602.67x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.675s (+9.3% 🔺)1.039s (+3.4%)0.365s583.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.169s (+8.6% 🔺)2.746s (+11.2% 🔺)1.577s221.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.357s (+34.6% 🔺)3.057s (+14.2% 🔺)1.700s201.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.402s (+17.8% 🔺)4.177s (+25.0% 🔺)1.774s152.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.278s (-48.1% 🟢)1.017s (-10.2% 🟢)0.739s891.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.337s (-5.2% 🟢)1.017s (+1.0%)0.680s891.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.382s (+24.6% 🔺)1.020s (+1.3%)0.637s891.38x
💻 LocalNitro2.064s (+38.8% 🔺)2.655s (+29.3% 🔺)0.591s347.42x
💻 LocalExpress2.102s (-7.5% 🟢)2.714s (-4.8%)0.612s347.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.938s (+5.1% 🔺)3.761s (+12.5% 🔺)0.823s2410.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.461s (-0.7%)3.222s (~)1.761s291.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.688s (+29.6% 🔺)3.602s (+34.7% 🔺)1.914s251.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.449s (+35.6% 🔺)5.278s (+40.3% 🔺)1.829s182.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.478s (-7.5% 🟢)1.028s (-2.1%)0.550s1171.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.512s (-7.7% 🟢)1.068s (-3.6%)0.556s1131.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-41.3% 🟢)3.009s (+19.1% 🔺)2.494s401.08x
💻 LocalExpress9.680s (+3.1%)10.614s (~)0.933s1220.26x
💻 LocalNitro9.942s (+33.7% 🔺)10.695s (+29.0% 🔺)0.753s1220.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.617s (+18.1% 🔺)13.233s (+13.4% 🔺)0.616s1026.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.504s (+37.6% 🔺)4.417s (+22.0% 🔺)1.914s281.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.619s (+31.7% 🔺)4.503s (+14.8% 🔺)1.884s271.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.773s (+27.4% 🔺)6.670s (+27.8% 🔺)1.898s191.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.143s (~)1.966s (~)0.013s (+25.7% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.877s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.154s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+10.0% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.865s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (+3.9%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-68.6% 🟢)2.018s (-1.2%)0.863s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.165s (-10.6% 🟢)1.999s (~)0.001s (-92.2% 🟢)2.010s (-1.4%)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.220s (+3.8%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.790s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (+8.6% 🔺)1.952s (-2.1%)0.022s (+2344.4% 🔺)2.037s (+1.4%)0.783s101.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.124s (+11.3% 🔺)3.322s (+8.5% 🔺)2.983s (+98.2% 🔺)6.797s (+35.1% 🔺)4.673s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.517s (+29.8% 🔺)3.743s (+10.7% 🔺)3.049s (+101.7% 🔺)7.298s (+35.6% 🔺)4.781s101.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.066s (+21.6% 🔺)4.931s (+35.3% 🔺)1.718s (+23.6% 🔺)7.767s (+22.4% 🔺)3.701s101.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.529s (+8.4% 🔺)2.009s (~)0.012s (-35.5% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.496s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.555s (~)2.009s (~)0.010s (-28.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.467s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.557s (-4.7%)2.002s (~)0.005s (~)2.025s (~)0.468s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.577s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (-16.0% 🟢)0.005s (+19.6% 🔺)2.026s (-16.2% 🟢)0.449s301.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (~)1.969s (~)0.013s (-5.0% 🟢)2.026s (~)0.418s301.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.865s (+21.0% 🔺)2.314s (+15.5% 🔺)0.004s (-20.4% 🟢)2.337s (+15.3% 🔺)0.472s261.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express6.059s (+5.3% 🔺)7.584s (+3.1%)0.241s (-5.3% 🟢)8.337s (+2.7%)2.278s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.330s (+13.4% 🔺)7.816s (+16.6% 🔺)0.222s (+1.7%)8.531s (+15.2% 🔺)2.201s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.444s (+12.3% 🔺)12.254s (+21.6% 🔺)0.635s (+138.0% 🔺)13.679s (+21.6% 🔺)3.235s51.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.781s (-6.1% 🟢)1.044s (-5.1% 🟢)0.000s (-3.6%)1.078s (-3.7%)0.296s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.928s (-15.1% 🟢)1.304s (-21.4% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.312s (-22.0% 🟢)0.384s461.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.226s (-8.0% 🟢)2.013s (~)0.000s (-43.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.790s301.57x
💻 LocalNitro1.278s (+33.7% 🔺)1.948s (+48.2% 🔺)0.000s (-64.7% 🟢)1.951s (+48.0% 🔺)0.674s311.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.318s (+78.7% 🔺)1.777s (+72.8% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.826s (+73.2% 🔺)0.508s331.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s (-2.0%)1.977s (~)0.001s (+566.7% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.588s301.83x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.275s (+15.1% 🔺)4.715s (+5.6% 🔺)0.000s (+8.3% 🔺)5.223s (+4.8%)1.948s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.572s (+28.2% 🔺)4.902s (+17.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)5.392s (+16.2% 🔺)1.819s121.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.300s (+8.5% 🔺)6.233s (+15.9% 🔺)0.000s (+11.1% 🔺)7.318s (+14.5% 🔺)2.019s91.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.781s (+2.2%)2.340s (~)0.000s (+3.8%)2.357s (+0.5%)0.576s261.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.294s (+39.5% 🔺)2.774s (+23.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.840s (+24.8% 🔺)0.546s231.29x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.599s (-23.0% 🟢)3.100s (-20.0% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)3.109s (-20.8% 🟢)0.511s201.46x
💻 LocalExpress3.306s (-1.6%)3.964s (+1.6%)0.001s (-46.7% 🟢)3.968s (+1.6%)0.662s161.86x
💻 LocalNitro3.652s (+67.2% 🔺)4.229s (+62.3% 🔺)0.001s (-40.0% 🟢)4.233s (+62.1% 🔺)0.581s152.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.921s (-3.0%)4.379s (-2.6%)0.001s (-35.4% 🟢)4.442s (-2.0%)0.521s152.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.184s (~)6.606s (+1.0%)0.016s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.131s (+0.7%)1.946s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.443s (-0.5%)6.612s (+8.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)7.082s (-0.8%)1.639s101.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.491s (+8.6% 🔺)8.598s (+14.1% 🔺)0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)9.517s (+10.8% 🔺)2.026s71.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro12/21
🐘 PostgresExpress9/21
▲ VercelExpress13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres16/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres14/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
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[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures - #2679

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VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures
Jun 27, 2026
Merged

[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures#2679
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures

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Problem

When many steps run in parallel under world-local (e.g. a workflow that fans out hundreds of "use step" calls via Promise.all), the local queue dispatches each delivery as a fetch() to the single-process dev server. Under that load the server can't accept every connection, so undici raises TypeError: fetch failed with an AggregateError [ETIMEDOUT] (or ECONNRESET) cause — localhost is dual-stack, so both ::1 and 127.0.0.1 connect attempts time out and get aggregated.

The delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. A thrown fetch() escaped the loop entirely, landed in the outer .catch() (logging [local world] Queue operation failed:), and the message was silently dropped — the step never started and was never retried. An HTTP 500 got up to 256 retries; a transport timeout got zero.

Fix

Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport-level throw like a failed delivery: back off 5s and retry the same message instead of dropping it. Two cases stay non-retryable:

  • shutdown (close() aborted the agent / backoff sleep),
  • the detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfiguration (rethrown so the outer catch keeps surfacing its actionable guidance).

The handler delivery attempt (x-vqs-message-attempt, which the step/flow handlers count against MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES = 48) is now tracked separately from the loop counter, so a burst of transport timeouts can't inflate it and exhaust the handler's delivery budget before its first real execution.

Tests

Added regression tests in queue.test.ts:

  • a fetch failed/ETIMEDOUT throw is retried until it clears (was dropped at 1 call before),
  • an HTTP 500 control still retries (unchanged),
  • transport failures do not advance the handler delivery attempt (first real delivery arrives as attempt 1).

All existing world-local queue tests, including the detached-ArrayBuffer guidance test, still pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

The local queue's delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. When
`fetch()` itself threw — e.g. `TypeError: fetch failed` with an ETIMEDOUT/
ECONNRESET cause, which undici raises when a single-process dev server can't
accept all connections under many parallel steps — the exception escaped the
retry loop, was logged by the outer catch, and the message was silently
dropped. The step never started and was never retried.
Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport throw like a failed
delivery: back off and retry the same message. Abort (shutdown) and the
detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfig stay non-retryable. Track the handler
delivery attempt separately from the loop counter so a burst of transport
timeouts doesn't inflate `x-vqs-message-attempt` and burn the handler's
MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES budget before its first real execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested review from a team and ijjk as code ownersJune 26, 2026 23:40
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 64488ef

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages
NameType
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.045s (+28.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.046s (-6.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.960s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s (+5.2% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.953s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s (-49.2% 🟢)1.012s (-3.9%)0.952s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-6.8% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.946s101.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.087s (+38.6% 🔺)1.028s (+1.5%)0.941s101.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.228s (+8.3% 🔺)1.993s (+33.3% 🔺)1.765s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.258s (+30.7% 🔺)2.356s (+38.0% 🔺)2.097s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.845s (+54.0% 🔺)2.666s (+31.1% 🔺)1.821s103.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.076s (-1.9%)2.010s (~)0.934s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.079s (+1.2%)2.006s (~)0.927s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.083s (~)2.006s (~)0.924s101.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.086s (~)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.091s (+0.8%)2.009s (-0.5%)0.918s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.101s (~)2.010s (~)0.909s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.556s (+10.6% 🔺)3.335s (+17.7% 🔺)1.779s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.577s (+14.1% 🔺)3.324s (+6.9% 🔺)1.748s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.664s (+24.0% 🔺)4.527s (+27.5% 🔺)1.863s101.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.423s (~)11.022s (~)0.599s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.451s (~)11.023s (~)0.572s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.455s (~)11.015s (~)0.560s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.480s (~)11.022s (~)0.541s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.501s (~)11.018s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.517s (-1.8%)11.017s (~)0.500s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.216s (+3.2%)14.213s (+7.2% 🔺)1.997s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.704s (+8.0% 🔺)14.649s (+5.4% 🔺)1.945s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)12.722s (+0.6%)14.702s (+6.0% 🔺)1.981s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express13.498s (-1.3%)14.020s (~)0.522s51.00x
💻 LocalNitro13.562s (~)14.028s (~)0.467s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.618s (~)14.027s (~)0.409s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.670s (~)14.018s (~)0.348s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.681s (~)14.018s (~)0.337s51.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.704s (~)14.027s (~)0.323s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro17.822s (-4.2%)19.837s (-3.6%)2.014s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress18.465s (+8.2% 🔺)20.474s (+8.2% 🔺)2.009s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.643s (+7.6% 🔺)21.855s (+8.2% 🔺)2.212s31.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro12.079s (+2.4%)12.883s (+7.1% 🔺)0.803s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.250s (-1.0%)13.024s (~)0.774s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.286s (+1.5%)13.035s (+1.3%)0.748s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.291s (~)13.025s (~)0.734s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.385s (+0.7%)13.022s (~)0.637s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.505s (+1.0%)13.015s (~)0.510s71.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express22.381s (+23.9% 🔺)24.505s (+21.3% 🔺)2.123s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro22.587s (+26.6% 🔺)24.762s (+27.0% 🔺)2.175s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.259s (+23.7% 🔺)26.413s (+25.8% 🔺)2.154s41.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.177s (~)2.007s (~)0.830s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.192s (-0.8%)2.008s (~)0.816s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.214s (-10.6% 🟢)2.009s (-1.1%)0.795s151.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.389s (+7.2% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.618s151.18x
💻 LocalExpress1.435s (+1.0%)2.007s (~)0.571s151.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.483s (+5.8% 🔺)2.073s (+3.3%)0.590s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.480s (+29.7% 🔺)4.072s (+7.1% 🔺)1.592s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.841s (+29.4% 🔺)4.434s (+22.1% 🔺)1.593s71.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.880s (+15.2% 🔺)5.725s (+19.1% 🔺)1.845s61.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.271s (-1.8%)2.076s (-19.9% 🟢)0.805s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.315s (-6.4% 🟢)3.209s (+6.3% 🔺)1.894s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.339s (-1.8%)2.393s (-4.6%)1.054s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.475s (-5.1% 🟢)3.109s (+3.3%)0.634s101.95x
💻 LocalNitro2.476s (+2.7%)2.826s (-6.3% 🟢)0.350s111.95x
💻 LocalExpress2.540s (-8.1% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.469s102.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.803s (+11.8% 🔺)4.465s (+21.3% 🔺)1.662s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.844s (+2.4%)4.870s (+8.7% 🔺)2.026s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.421s (+26.2% 🔺)6.464s (+38.3% 🔺)2.044s51.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.610s (-3.2%)4.137s (-3.8%)2.527s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.648s (+4.1%)4.025s (-2.7%)2.377s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.048s (+6.8% 🔺)5.684s (+6.3% 🔺)2.636s61.89x
💻 LocalNitro5.792s (+6.0% 🔺)6.815s (+13.3% 🔺)1.023s53.60x
💻 LocalExpress6.029s (-4.3%)6.614s (-2.9%)0.585s53.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.864s (-7.4% 🟢)7.765s (-8.8% 🟢)0.902s44.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.574s (+15.8% 🔺)5.348s (+12.3% 🔺)1.774s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.053s (+43.6% 🔺)5.776s (+22.0% 🔺)1.723s61.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.303s (+4.7%)7.558s (+16.2% 🔺)2.254s41.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.172s (-19.9% 🟢)2.011s (-9.5% 🟢)0.839s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.183s (-8.9% 🟢)2.008s (-1.0%)0.825s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.193s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.394s (-3.5%)2.007s (~)0.613s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+20.0% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.585s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.474s (-9.2% 🟢)2.006s (-3.2%)0.533s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.286s (+12.6% 🔺)3.991s (+15.9% 🔺)1.705s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.316s (+14.6% 🔺)4.197s (+8.7% 🔺)1.882s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.507s (+50.8% 🔺)6.318s (+40.7% 🔺)1.811s51.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.307s (-7.6% 🟢)2.918s (+5.0%)1.611s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+0.5%)2.082s (-10.1% 🟢)0.750s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.335s (+1.4%)2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)0.981s131.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.533s (+6.3% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.476s101.94x
💻 LocalExpress2.711s (+1.8%)3.110s (+6.6% 🔺)0.398s102.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.809s (+15.7% 🔺)3.109s (~)0.300s102.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.815s (+19.5% 🔺)4.593s (+26.3% 🔺)1.778s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.150s (+44.8% 🔺)4.943s (+28.7% 🔺)1.793s71.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.188s (+48.4% 🔺)7.144s (+46.4% 🔺)1.956s51.84x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.648s (-1.2%)4.305s (~)2.658s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.893s (+19.6% 🔺)4.169s (+0.8%)2.277s81.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s (+13.2% 🔺)5.846s (+12.0% 🔺)2.737s61.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.358s (-30.3% 🟢)6.013s (-31.5% 🟢)0.655s63.25x
💻 LocalNitro5.873s (+8.1% 🔺)6.217s (-3.1%)0.344s53.56x
💻 LocalExpress6.918s (+12.7% 🔺)7.515s (+10.2% 🔺)0.597s44.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.917s (+35.4% 🔺)5.801s (+19.8% 🔺)1.884s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.953s (+25.0% 🔺)6.879s (+25.5% 🔺)1.925s51.26x
▲ VercelNitro5.066s (+81.4% 🔺)6.854s (+45.3% 🔺)1.788s51.29x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.542s (-13.2% 🟢)1.006s (-6.3% 🟢)0.464s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.558s (-3.0%)1.023s (~)0.465s591.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.579s (+1.4%)1.005s (~)0.426s601.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.597s (-9.0% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.407s601.10x
💻 LocalNitro0.605s (+35.7% 🔺)1.022s (+1.5%)0.417s591.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.643s (+25.2% 🔺)1.096s (+8.9% 🔺)0.453s551.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.043s (+57.5% 🔺)5.787s (+44.0% 🔺)1.744s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.059s (+46.1% 🔺)5.616s (+18.5% 🔺)1.557s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.409s (+14.8% 🔺)6.359s (+17.3% 🔺)1.951s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.297s (-24.6% 🟢)2.008s (-13.8% 🟢)0.711s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.349s (-2.7%)2.030s (+1.1%)0.680s451.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (+36.7% 🔺)2.006s (+38.2% 🔺)0.589s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.445s (+3.4%)2.028s (+1.1%)0.583s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.531s (~)2.028s (+1.1%)0.497s451.18x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.843s (+46.6% 🔺)2.388s (+17.6% 🔺)0.545s381.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.612s (+10.3% 🔺)9.415s (+7.8% 🔺)1.804s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.561s (+39.9% 🔺)10.444s (+40.4% 🔺)1.883s91.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.145s (+19.3% 🔺)12.263s (+19.8% 🔺)2.119s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.521s (+5.5% 🔺)3.014s (-0.6%)0.494s411.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.619s (-9.5% 🟢)3.111s (-4.4%)0.492s391.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.623s (-15.1% 🟢)3.085s (-14.4% 🟢)0.462s391.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.095s (+1.6%)3.759s (+4.5%)0.664s321.23x
💻 LocalNitro3.159s (+42.4% 🔺)3.945s (+39.7% 🔺)0.786s311.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.372s (+1.1%)4.009s (~)0.637s301.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.884s (+13.1% 🔺)17.145s (+9.6% 🔺)2.261s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro15.079s (+12.7% 🔺)16.935s (+12.5% 🔺)1.855s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.508s (+1.4%)21.682s (+4.6%)2.174s61.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.176s (-32.1% 🟢)1.006s (-0.9%)0.830s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (+3.3%)1.006s (~)0.797s601.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.226s (-1.4%)1.006s (~)0.780s601.29x
💻 LocalNitro0.459s (+21.9% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.546s602.61x
💻 LocalExpress0.468s (~)1.005s (~)0.537s602.67x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.675s (+9.3% 🔺)1.039s (+3.4%)0.365s583.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.169s (+8.6% 🔺)2.746s (+11.2% 🔺)1.577s221.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.357s (+34.6% 🔺)3.057s (+14.2% 🔺)1.700s201.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.402s (+17.8% 🔺)4.177s (+25.0% 🔺)1.774s152.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.278s (-48.1% 🟢)1.017s (-10.2% 🟢)0.739s891.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.337s (-5.2% 🟢)1.017s (+1.0%)0.680s891.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.382s (+24.6% 🔺)1.020s (+1.3%)0.637s891.38x
💻 LocalNitro2.064s (+38.8% 🔺)2.655s (+29.3% 🔺)0.591s347.42x
💻 LocalExpress2.102s (-7.5% 🟢)2.714s (-4.8%)0.612s347.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.938s (+5.1% 🔺)3.761s (+12.5% 🔺)0.823s2410.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.461s (-0.7%)3.222s (~)1.761s291.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.688s (+29.6% 🔺)3.602s (+34.7% 🔺)1.914s251.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.449s (+35.6% 🔺)5.278s (+40.3% 🔺)1.829s182.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.478s (-7.5% 🟢)1.028s (-2.1%)0.550s1171.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.512s (-7.7% 🟢)1.068s (-3.6%)0.556s1131.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-41.3% 🟢)3.009s (+19.1% 🔺)2.494s401.08x
💻 LocalExpress9.680s (+3.1%)10.614s (~)0.933s1220.26x
💻 LocalNitro9.942s (+33.7% 🔺)10.695s (+29.0% 🔺)0.753s1220.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.617s (+18.1% 🔺)13.233s (+13.4% 🔺)0.616s1026.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.504s (+37.6% 🔺)4.417s (+22.0% 🔺)1.914s281.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.619s (+31.7% 🔺)4.503s (+14.8% 🔺)1.884s271.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.773s (+27.4% 🔺)6.670s (+27.8% 🔺)1.898s191.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.143s (~)1.966s (~)0.013s (+25.7% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.877s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.154s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+10.0% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.865s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (+3.9%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-68.6% 🟢)2.018s (-1.2%)0.863s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.165s (-10.6% 🟢)1.999s (~)0.001s (-92.2% 🟢)2.010s (-1.4%)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.220s (+3.8%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.790s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (+8.6% 🔺)1.952s (-2.1%)0.022s (+2344.4% 🔺)2.037s (+1.4%)0.783s101.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.124s (+11.3% 🔺)3.322s (+8.5% 🔺)2.983s (+98.2% 🔺)6.797s (+35.1% 🔺)4.673s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.517s (+29.8% 🔺)3.743s (+10.7% 🔺)3.049s (+101.7% 🔺)7.298s (+35.6% 🔺)4.781s101.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.066s (+21.6% 🔺)4.931s (+35.3% 🔺)1.718s (+23.6% 🔺)7.767s (+22.4% 🔺)3.701s101.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.529s (+8.4% 🔺)2.009s (~)0.012s (-35.5% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.496s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.555s (~)2.009s (~)0.010s (-28.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.467s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.557s (-4.7%)2.002s (~)0.005s (~)2.025s (~)0.468s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.577s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (-16.0% 🟢)0.005s (+19.6% 🔺)2.026s (-16.2% 🟢)0.449s301.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (~)1.969s (~)0.013s (-5.0% 🟢)2.026s (~)0.418s301.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.865s (+21.0% 🔺)2.314s (+15.5% 🔺)0.004s (-20.4% 🟢)2.337s (+15.3% 🔺)0.472s261.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express6.059s (+5.3% 🔺)7.584s (+3.1%)0.241s (-5.3% 🟢)8.337s (+2.7%)2.278s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.330s (+13.4% 🔺)7.816s (+16.6% 🔺)0.222s (+1.7%)8.531s (+15.2% 🔺)2.201s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.444s (+12.3% 🔺)12.254s (+21.6% 🔺)0.635s (+138.0% 🔺)13.679s (+21.6% 🔺)3.235s51.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.781s (-6.1% 🟢)1.044s (-5.1% 🟢)0.000s (-3.6%)1.078s (-3.7%)0.296s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.928s (-15.1% 🟢)1.304s (-21.4% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.312s (-22.0% 🟢)0.384s461.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.226s (-8.0% 🟢)2.013s (~)0.000s (-43.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.790s301.57x
💻 LocalNitro1.278s (+33.7% 🔺)1.948s (+48.2% 🔺)0.000s (-64.7% 🟢)1.951s (+48.0% 🔺)0.674s311.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.318s (+78.7% 🔺)1.777s (+72.8% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.826s (+73.2% 🔺)0.508s331.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s (-2.0%)1.977s (~)0.001s (+566.7% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.588s301.83x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.275s (+15.1% 🔺)4.715s (+5.6% 🔺)0.000s (+8.3% 🔺)5.223s (+4.8%)1.948s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.572s (+28.2% 🔺)4.902s (+17.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)5.392s (+16.2% 🔺)1.819s121.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.300s (+8.5% 🔺)6.233s (+15.9% 🔺)0.000s (+11.1% 🔺)7.318s (+14.5% 🔺)2.019s91.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.781s (+2.2%)2.340s (~)0.000s (+3.8%)2.357s (+0.5%)0.576s261.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.294s (+39.5% 🔺)2.774s (+23.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.840s (+24.8% 🔺)0.546s231.29x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.599s (-23.0% 🟢)3.100s (-20.0% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)3.109s (-20.8% 🟢)0.511s201.46x
💻 LocalExpress3.306s (-1.6%)3.964s (+1.6%)0.001s (-46.7% 🟢)3.968s (+1.6%)0.662s161.86x
💻 LocalNitro3.652s (+67.2% 🔺)4.229s (+62.3% 🔺)0.001s (-40.0% 🟢)4.233s (+62.1% 🔺)0.581s152.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.921s (-3.0%)4.379s (-2.6%)0.001s (-35.4% 🟢)4.442s (-2.0%)0.521s152.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.184s (~)6.606s (+1.0%)0.016s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.131s (+0.7%)1.946s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.443s (-0.5%)6.612s (+8.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)7.082s (-0.8%)1.639s101.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.491s (+8.6% 🔺)8.598s (+14.1% 🔺)0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)9.517s (+10.8% 🔺)2.026s71.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro12/21
🐘 PostgresExpress9/21
▲ VercelExpress13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres16/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres14/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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@VaguelySerious@pranaygp
, 'i'); if (__m === '*' || __re.test(location.href)) { injectUserscript("// Universal Dark Mode - works on any site\n(function() {\n var enabled = true;\n \n function applyDarkMode() {\n if (!enabled) return;\n \n // Create style element if it doesn't exist\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (!style) {\n style = document.createElement('style');\n style.id = 'universal-dark-mode-style';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n }\n \n // Dark mode CSS - inverts colors but preserves images/video\n style.textContent = '\n /* Invert everything except media */\n html {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #1a1a2e !important;\n }\n \n /* Restore images, videos, iframes, canvas */\n img, video, iframe, canvas, svg, picture, [style*=\"background-image\"] {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n }\n \n /* Preserve specific elements that should not be inverted */\n .no-dark-mode, .no-dark-mode *,\n [data-theme=\"light\"], [data-theme=\"light\"],\n .ace_editor, .ace_editor *,\n .CodeMirror, .CodeMirror *,\n .monaco-editor, .monaco-editor *,\n .markdown-body pre, .markdown-body pre *,\n .highlight, .highlight *,\n pre code, pre code * {\n filter: none !important;\n }\n \n /* Fix common UI elements */\n .modal, .popup, .dropdown-menu, .tooltip, .popover {\n filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg) !important;\n background: #2d2d44 !important;\n border-color: #444 !important;\n }\n \n /* Scrollbars */\n ::-webkit-scrollbar { background: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #444 !important; }\n ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: #555 !important; }\n \n /* Selection */\n ::selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ::-moz-selection { background: #4ecdc4 !important; color: #1a1a2e !important; }\n ';\n }\n \n function removeDarkMode() {\n var style = document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style');\n if (style) style.remove();\n }\n \n // Toggle with Alt+Shift+D\n document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {\n if (e.altKey && e.shiftKey && e.key === 'D') {\n e.preventDefault();\n enabled = !enabled;\n if (enabled) {\n applyDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Enabled');\n } else {\n removeDarkMode();\n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Disabled');\n }\n }\n });\n \n // Apply on load\n applyDarkMode();\n \n // Re-apply on dynamic content\n var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {\n if (enabled && !document.getElementById('universal-dark-mode-style')) {\n applyDarkMode();\n }\n });\n observer.observe(document.head, { childList: true });\n \n console.log('[Universal Dark Mode] Loaded - Press Alt+Shift+D to toggle');\n})();", "Universal Dark Mode"); } } catch(__e) { console.warn('[Userscript:Universal Dark Mode]', __e); } })(); })();
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[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures - #2679

Merged
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures
Jun 27, 2026
Merged

[world-local] Retry transport-level queue delivery failures#2679
VaguelySerious merged 2 commits into
mainfrom
peter/world-local-retry-transport-failures

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Problem

When many steps run in parallel under world-local (e.g. a workflow that fans out hundreds of "use step" calls via Promise.all), the local queue dispatches each delivery as a fetch() to the single-process dev server. Under that load the server can't accept every connection, so undici raises TypeError: fetch failed with an AggregateError [ETIMEDOUT] (or ECONNRESET) cause — localhost is dual-stack, so both ::1 and 127.0.0.1 connect attempts time out and get aggregated.

The delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. A thrown fetch() escaped the loop entirely, landed in the outer .catch() (logging [local world] Queue operation failed:), and the message was silently dropped — the step never started and was never retried. An HTTP 500 got up to 256 retries; a transport timeout got zero.

Fix

Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport-level throw like a failed delivery: back off 5s and retry the same message instead of dropping it. Two cases stay non-retryable:

  • shutdown (close() aborted the agent / backoff sleep),
  • the detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfiguration (rethrown so the outer catch keeps surfacing its actionable guidance).

The handler delivery attempt (x-vqs-message-attempt, which the step/flow handlers count against MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES = 48) is now tracked separately from the loop counter, so a burst of transport timeouts can't inflate it and exhaust the handler's delivery budget before its first real execution.

Tests

Added regression tests in queue.test.ts:

  • a fetch failed/ETIMEDOUT throw is retried until it clears (was dropped at 1 call before),
  • an HTTP 500 control still retries (unchanged),
  • transport failures do not advance the handler delivery attempt (first real delivery arrives as attempt 1).

All existing world-local queue tests, including the detached-ArrayBuffer guidance test, still pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

The local queue's delivery loop only retried non-ok HTTP responses. When
`fetch()` itself threw — e.g. `TypeError: fetch failed` with an ETIMEDOUT/
ECONNRESET cause, which undici raises when a single-process dev server can't
accept all connections under many parallel steps — the exception escaped the
retry loop, was logged by the outer catch, and the message was silently
dropped. The step never started and was never retried.
Wrap the dispatch in a try/catch and treat a transport throw like a failed
delivery: back off and retry the same message. Abort (shutdown) and the
detached-ArrayBuffer proxy misconfig stay non-retryable. Track the handler
delivery attempt separately from the loop counter so a burst of transport
timeouts doesn't inflate `x-vqs-message-attempt` and burn the handler's
MAX_QUEUE_DELIVERIES budget before its first real execution.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious requested review from a team and ijjk as code ownersJune 26, 2026 23:40
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 64488ef

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 18 packages
NameType
@workflow/world-localPatch
@workflow/cliPatch
@workflow/corePatch
@workflow/vitestPatch
@workflow/world-postgresPatch
workflowPatch
@workflow/world-testingPatch
@workflow/buildersPatch
@workflow/nextPatch
@workflow/nitroPatch
@workflow/web-sharedPatch
@workflow/webPatch
@workflow/astroPatch
@workflow/nestPatch
@workflow/rollupPatch
@workflow/sveltekitPatch
@workflow/vitePatch
@workflow/nuxtPatch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

All tests passed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production144202301672
✅ 💻 Local Development160502191824
✅ 📦 Local Production160502191824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres159302311824
✅ 🪟 Windows15200152
✅ 📋 Other88501791064
Total7282010788360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro125027
✅ example125027
✅ express125027
✅ fastify125027
✅ hono125027
✅ nextjs-turbopack14903
✅ nextjs-webpack14903
✅ nitro125027
✅ nuxt125027
✅ sveltekit14408
✅ vite125027
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable127025
✅ express-stable127025
✅ fastify-stable127025
✅ hono-stable127025
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15200
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary133019
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15200
✅ nitro-stable127025
✅ nuxt-stable127025
✅ sveltekit-stable14606
✅ vite-stable127025
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable126026
✅ express-stable126026
✅ fastify-stable126026
✅ hono-stable126026
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable15101
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary132020
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable15101
✅ nitro-stable126026
✅ nuxt-stable126026
✅ sveltekit-stable14507
✅ vite-stable126026
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack15200
✅ 📋 Other
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable126026
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-126026
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable127025
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-127025
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start125027

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro0.045s (+28.3% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.961s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress0.046s (-6.5% 🟢)1.006s (~)0.960s101.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.053s (+5.2% 🔺)1.006s (~)0.953s101.18x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.060s (-49.2% 🟢)1.012s (-3.9%)0.952s101.34x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.066s (-6.8% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.946s101.47x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.087s (+38.6% 🔺)1.028s (+1.5%)0.941s101.94x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.228s (+8.3% 🔺)1.993s (+33.3% 🔺)1.765s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro0.258s (+30.7% 🔺)2.356s (+38.0% 🔺)2.097s101.14x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.845s (+54.0% 🔺)2.666s (+31.1% 🔺)1.821s103.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.076s (-1.9%)2.010s (~)0.934s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.079s (+1.2%)2.006s (~)0.927s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.083s (~)2.006s (~)0.924s101.01x
💻 LocalExpress1.086s (~)2.007s (~)0.921s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.091s (+0.8%)2.009s (-0.5%)0.918s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.101s (~)2.010s (~)0.909s101.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.556s (+10.6% 🔺)3.335s (+17.7% 🔺)1.779s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.577s (+14.1% 🔺)3.324s (+6.9% 🔺)1.748s101.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.664s (+24.0% 🔺)4.527s (+27.5% 🔺)1.863s101.71x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro10.423s (~)11.022s (~)0.599s31.00x
💻 LocalExpress10.451s (~)11.023s (~)0.572s31.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress10.455s (~)11.015s (~)0.560s31.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.480s (~)11.022s (~)0.541s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro10.501s (~)11.018s (~)0.517s31.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)10.517s (-1.8%)11.017s (~)0.500s31.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro12.216s (+3.2%)14.213s (+7.2% 🔺)1.997s31.00x
▲ VercelExpress12.704s (+8.0% 🔺)14.649s (+5.4% 🔺)1.945s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)12.722s (+0.6%)14.702s (+6.0% 🔺)1.981s31.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express13.498s (-1.3%)14.020s (~)0.522s51.00x
💻 LocalNitro13.562s (~)14.028s (~)0.467s51.00x
💻 LocalExpress13.618s (~)14.027s (~)0.409s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro13.670s (~)14.018s (~)0.348s51.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)13.681s (~)14.018s (~)0.337s51.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)13.704s (~)14.027s (~)0.323s51.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro17.822s (-4.2%)19.837s (-3.6%)2.014s41.00x
▲ VercelExpress18.465s (+8.2% 🔺)20.474s (+8.2% 🔺)2.009s31.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.643s (+7.6% 🔺)21.855s (+8.2% 🔺)2.212s31.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro12.079s (+2.4%)12.883s (+7.1% 🔺)0.803s71.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.250s (-1.0%)13.024s (~)0.774s71.01x
🐘 PostgresExpress12.286s (+1.5%)13.035s (+1.3%)0.748s71.02x
💻 LocalExpress12.291s (~)13.025s (~)0.734s71.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro12.385s (+0.7%)13.022s (~)0.637s71.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)12.505s (+1.0%)13.015s (~)0.510s71.04x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express22.381s (+23.9% 🔺)24.505s (+21.3% 🔺)2.123s41.00x
▲ VercelNitro22.587s (+26.6% 🔺)24.762s (+27.0% 🔺)2.175s41.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)24.259s (+23.7% 🔺)26.413s (+25.8% 🔺)2.154s41.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.177s (~)2.007s (~)0.830s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.192s (-0.8%)2.008s (~)0.816s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.214s (-10.6% 🟢)2.009s (-1.1%)0.795s151.03x
💻 LocalNitro1.389s (+7.2% 🔺)2.006s (~)0.618s151.18x
💻 LocalExpress1.435s (+1.0%)2.007s (~)0.571s151.22x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.483s (+5.8% 🔺)2.073s (+3.3%)0.590s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.480s (+29.7% 🔺)4.072s (+7.1% 🔺)1.592s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro2.841s (+29.4% 🔺)4.434s (+22.1% 🔺)1.593s71.15x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.880s (+15.2% 🔺)5.725s (+19.1% 🔺)1.845s61.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.271s (-1.8%)2.076s (-19.9% 🟢)0.805s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.315s (-6.4% 🟢)3.209s (+6.3% 🔺)1.894s101.03x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.339s (-1.8%)2.393s (-4.6%)1.054s131.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.475s (-5.1% 🟢)3.109s (+3.3%)0.634s101.95x
💻 LocalNitro2.476s (+2.7%)2.826s (-6.3% 🟢)0.350s111.95x
💻 LocalExpress2.540s (-8.1% 🟢)3.009s (~)0.469s102.00x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.803s (+11.8% 🔺)4.465s (+21.3% 🔺)1.662s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.844s (+2.4%)4.870s (+8.7% 🔺)2.026s71.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.421s (+26.2% 🔺)6.464s (+38.3% 🔺)2.044s51.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.610s (-3.2%)4.137s (-3.8%)2.527s81.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.648s (+4.1%)4.025s (-2.7%)2.377s81.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.048s (+6.8% 🔺)5.684s (+6.3% 🔺)2.636s61.89x
💻 LocalNitro5.792s (+6.0% 🔺)6.815s (+13.3% 🔺)1.023s53.60x
💻 LocalExpress6.029s (-4.3%)6.614s (-2.9%)0.585s53.74x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)6.864s (-7.4% 🟢)7.765s (-8.8% 🟢)0.902s44.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.574s (+15.8% 🔺)5.348s (+12.3% 🔺)1.774s61.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.053s (+43.6% 🔺)5.776s (+22.0% 🔺)1.723s61.13x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.303s (+4.7%)7.558s (+16.2% 🔺)2.254s41.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express1.172s (-19.9% 🟢)2.011s (-9.5% 🟢)0.839s151.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.183s (-8.9% 🟢)2.008s (-1.0%)0.825s151.01x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.193s (~)2.007s (~)0.814s151.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.394s (-3.5%)2.007s (~)0.613s151.19x
💻 LocalNitro1.422s (+20.0% 🔺)2.007s (~)0.585s151.21x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.474s (-9.2% 🟢)2.006s (-3.2%)0.533s151.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.286s (+12.6% 🔺)3.991s (+15.9% 🔺)1.705s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.316s (+14.6% 🔺)4.197s (+8.7% 🔺)1.882s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.507s (+50.8% 🔺)6.318s (+40.7% 🔺)1.811s51.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.307s (-7.6% 🟢)2.918s (+5.0%)1.611s111.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.333s (+0.5%)2.082s (-10.1% 🟢)0.750s151.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.335s (+1.4%)2.316s (-7.7% 🟢)0.981s131.02x
💻 LocalNitro2.533s (+6.3% 🔺)3.009s (~)0.476s101.94x
💻 LocalExpress2.711s (+1.8%)3.110s (+6.6% 🔺)0.398s102.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.809s (+15.7% 🔺)3.109s (~)0.300s102.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.815s (+19.5% 🔺)4.593s (+26.3% 🔺)1.778s71.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.150s (+44.8% 🔺)4.943s (+28.7% 🔺)1.793s71.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.188s (+48.4% 🔺)7.144s (+46.4% 🔺)1.956s51.84x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.648s (-1.2%)4.305s (~)2.658s71.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.893s (+19.6% 🔺)4.169s (+0.8%)2.277s81.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)3.109s (+13.2% 🔺)5.846s (+12.0% 🔺)2.737s61.89x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)5.358s (-30.3% 🟢)6.013s (-31.5% 🟢)0.655s63.25x
💻 LocalNitro5.873s (+8.1% 🔺)6.217s (-3.1%)0.344s53.56x
💻 LocalExpress6.918s (+12.7% 🔺)7.515s (+10.2% 🔺)0.597s44.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.917s (+35.4% 🔺)5.801s (+19.8% 🔺)1.884s61.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.953s (+25.0% 🔺)6.879s (+25.5% 🔺)1.925s51.26x
▲ VercelNitro5.066s (+81.4% 🔺)6.854s (+45.3% 🔺)1.788s51.29x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.542s (-13.2% 🟢)1.006s (-6.3% 🟢)0.464s601.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.558s (-3.0%)1.023s (~)0.465s591.03x
💻 LocalExpress0.579s (+1.4%)1.005s (~)0.426s601.07x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.597s (-9.0% 🟢)1.005s (-1.7%)0.407s601.10x
💻 LocalNitro0.605s (+35.7% 🔺)1.022s (+1.5%)0.417s591.12x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.643s (+25.2% 🔺)1.096s (+8.9% 🔺)0.453s551.19x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express4.043s (+57.5% 🔺)5.787s (+44.0% 🔺)1.744s111.00x
▲ VercelNitro4.059s (+46.1% 🔺)5.616s (+18.5% 🔺)1.557s111.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.409s (+14.8% 🔺)6.359s (+17.3% 🔺)1.951s101.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.297s (-24.6% 🟢)2.008s (-13.8% 🟢)0.711s451.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.349s (-2.7%)2.030s (+1.1%)0.680s451.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.416s (+36.7% 🔺)2.006s (+38.2% 🔺)0.589s451.09x
💻 LocalExpress1.445s (+3.4%)2.028s (+1.1%)0.583s451.11x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.531s (~)2.028s (+1.1%)0.497s451.18x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.843s (+46.6% 🔺)2.388s (+17.6% 🔺)0.545s381.42x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express7.612s (+10.3% 🔺)9.415s (+7.8% 🔺)1.804s101.00x
▲ VercelNitro8.561s (+39.9% 🔺)10.444s (+40.4% 🔺)1.883s91.12x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.145s (+19.3% 🔺)12.263s (+19.8% 🔺)2.119s81.33x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express2.521s (+5.5% 🔺)3.014s (-0.6%)0.494s411.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.619s (-9.5% 🟢)3.111s (-4.4%)0.492s391.04x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.623s (-15.1% 🟢)3.085s (-14.4% 🟢)0.462s391.04x
💻 LocalExpress3.095s (+1.6%)3.759s (+4.5%)0.664s321.23x
💻 LocalNitro3.159s (+42.4% 🔺)3.945s (+39.7% 🔺)0.786s311.25x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.372s (+1.1%)4.009s (~)0.637s301.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express14.884s (+13.1% 🔺)17.145s (+9.6% 🔺)2.261s71.00x
▲ VercelNitro15.079s (+12.7% 🔺)16.935s (+12.5% 🔺)1.855s81.01x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)19.508s (+1.4%)21.682s (+4.6%)2.174s61.31x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.176s (-32.1% 🟢)1.006s (-0.9%)0.830s601.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.210s (+3.3%)1.006s (~)0.797s601.19x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.226s (-1.4%)1.006s (~)0.780s601.29x
💻 LocalNitro0.459s (+21.9% 🔺)1.004s (~)0.546s602.61x
💻 LocalExpress0.468s (~)1.005s (~)0.537s602.67x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.675s (+9.3% 🔺)1.039s (+3.4%)0.365s583.84x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro1.169s (+8.6% 🔺)2.746s (+11.2% 🔺)1.577s221.00x
▲ VercelExpress1.357s (+34.6% 🔺)3.057s (+14.2% 🔺)1.700s201.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.402s (+17.8% 🔺)4.177s (+25.0% 🔺)1.774s152.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.278s (-48.1% 🟢)1.017s (-10.2% 🟢)0.739s891.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.337s (-5.2% 🟢)1.017s (+1.0%)0.680s891.21x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.382s (+24.6% 🔺)1.020s (+1.3%)0.637s891.38x
💻 LocalNitro2.064s (+38.8% 🔺)2.655s (+29.3% 🔺)0.591s347.42x
💻 LocalExpress2.102s (-7.5% 🟢)2.714s (-4.8%)0.612s347.56x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.938s (+5.1% 🔺)3.761s (+12.5% 🔺)0.823s2410.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express1.461s (-0.7%)3.222s (~)1.761s291.00x
▲ VercelNitro1.688s (+29.6% 🔺)3.602s (+34.7% 🔺)1.914s251.16x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.449s (+35.6% 🔺)5.278s (+40.3% 🔺)1.829s182.36x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Express0.478s (-7.5% 🟢)1.028s (-2.1%)0.550s1171.00x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.512s (-7.7% 🟢)1.068s (-3.6%)0.556s1131.07x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.515s (-41.3% 🟢)3.009s (+19.1% 🔺)2.494s401.08x
💻 LocalExpress9.680s (+3.1%)10.614s (~)0.933s1220.26x
💻 LocalNitro9.942s (+33.7% 🔺)10.695s (+29.0% 🔺)0.753s1220.81x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)12.617s (+18.1% 🔺)13.233s (+13.4% 🔺)0.616s1026.40x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.504s (+37.6% 🔺)4.417s (+22.0% 🔺)1.914s281.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.619s (+31.7% 🔺)4.503s (+14.8% 🔺)1.884s271.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.773s (+27.4% 🔺)6.670s (+27.8% 🔺)1.898s191.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.143s (~)1.966s (~)0.013s (+25.7% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.877s101.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.154s (~)2.005s (~)0.012s (+10.0% 🔺)2.020s (~)0.865s101.01x
💻 LocalNitro1.155s (+3.9%)2.004s (~)0.010s (-68.6% 🟢)2.018s (-1.2%)0.863s101.01x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.165s (-10.6% 🟢)1.999s (~)0.001s (-92.2% 🟢)2.010s (-1.4%)0.845s101.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.220s (+3.8%)1.997s (~)0.001s (-8.3% 🟢)2.010s (~)0.790s101.07x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.254s (+8.6% 🔺)1.952s (-2.1%)0.022s (+2344.4% 🔺)2.037s (+1.4%)0.783s101.10x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro2.124s (+11.3% 🔺)3.322s (+8.5% 🔺)2.983s (+98.2% 🔺)6.797s (+35.1% 🔺)4.673s101.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.517s (+29.8% 🔺)3.743s (+10.7% 🔺)3.049s (+101.7% 🔺)7.298s (+35.6% 🔺)4.781s101.19x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.066s (+21.6% 🔺)4.931s (+35.3% 🔺)1.718s (+23.6% 🔺)7.767s (+22.4% 🔺)3.701s101.91x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro1.529s (+8.4% 🔺)2.009s (~)0.012s (-35.5% 🟢)2.025s (~)0.496s301.00x
💻 LocalExpress1.555s (~)2.009s (~)0.010s (-28.5% 🟢)2.022s (~)0.467s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.557s (-4.7%)2.002s (~)0.005s (~)2.025s (~)0.468s301.02x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.577s (-20.0% 🟢)2.010s (-16.0% 🟢)0.005s (+19.6% 🔺)2.026s (-16.2% 🟢)0.449s301.03x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.608s (~)1.969s (~)0.013s (-5.0% 🟢)2.026s (~)0.418s301.05x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.865s (+21.0% 🔺)2.314s (+15.5% 🔺)0.004s (-20.4% 🟢)2.337s (+15.3% 🔺)0.472s261.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express6.059s (+5.3% 🔺)7.584s (+3.1%)0.241s (-5.3% 🟢)8.337s (+2.7%)2.278s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro6.330s (+13.4% 🔺)7.816s (+16.6% 🔺)0.222s (+1.7%)8.531s (+15.2% 🔺)2.201s81.04x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)10.444s (+12.3% 🔺)12.254s (+21.6% 🔺)0.635s (+138.0% 🔺)13.679s (+21.6% 🔺)3.235s51.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro0.781s (-6.1% 🟢)1.044s (-5.1% 🟢)0.000s (-3.6%)1.078s (-3.7%)0.296s561.00x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.928s (-15.1% 🟢)1.304s (-21.4% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.312s (-22.0% 🟢)0.384s461.19x
💻 LocalExpress1.226s (-8.0% 🟢)2.013s (~)0.000s (-43.5% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.790s301.57x
💻 LocalNitro1.278s (+33.7% 🔺)1.948s (+48.2% 🔺)0.000s (-64.7% 🟢)1.951s (+48.0% 🔺)0.674s311.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress1.318s (+78.7% 🔺)1.777s (+72.8% 🔺)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.826s (+73.2% 🔺)0.508s331.69x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.429s (-2.0%)1.977s (~)0.001s (+566.7% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.588s301.83x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.275s (+15.1% 🔺)4.715s (+5.6% 🔺)0.000s (+8.3% 🔺)5.223s (+4.8%)1.948s121.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.572s (+28.2% 🔺)4.902s (+17.5% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)5.392s (+16.2% 🔺)1.819s121.09x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)5.300s (+8.5% 🔺)6.233s (+15.9% 🔺)0.000s (+11.1% 🔺)7.318s (+14.5% 🔺)2.019s91.62x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🐘 Postgres🥇 Nitro1.781s (+2.2%)2.340s (~)0.000s (+3.8%)2.357s (+0.5%)0.576s261.00x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.294s (+39.5% 🔺)2.774s (+23.2% 🔺)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)2.840s (+24.8% 🔺)0.546s231.29x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.599s (-23.0% 🟢)3.100s (-20.0% 🟢)0.000s (NaN%)3.109s (-20.8% 🟢)0.511s201.46x
💻 LocalExpress3.306s (-1.6%)3.964s (+1.6%)0.001s (-46.7% 🟢)3.968s (+1.6%)0.662s161.86x
💻 LocalNitro3.652s (+67.2% 🔺)4.229s (+62.3% 🔺)0.001s (-40.0% 🟢)4.233s (+62.1% 🔺)0.581s152.05x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)3.921s (-3.0%)4.379s (-2.6%)0.001s (-35.4% 🟢)4.442s (-2.0%)0.521s152.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express5.184s (~)6.606s (+1.0%)0.016s (+Infinity% 🔺)7.131s (+0.7%)1.946s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro5.443s (-0.5%)6.612s (+8.2% 🔺)0.000s (NaN%)7.082s (-0.8%)1.639s101.05x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)7.491s (+8.6% 🔺)8.598s (+14.1% 🔺)0.001s (+Infinity% 🔺)9.517s (+10.8% 🔺)2.026s71.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNitro12/21
🐘 PostgresExpress9/21
▲ VercelExpress13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express🐘 Postgres14/21
Next.js (Turbopack)🐘 Postgres16/21
Nitro🐘 Postgres14/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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2 participants

@VaguelySerious@pranaygp