Fix Next watcher with custom distDir

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Fixes#2809.

The eager Next builder's dev watcher already ignores hardcoded output directories such as /.next/, /dist/, and /build/. When a Next app configures a custom distDir such as .next-dev, that output directory was not ignored, so Next compiler output could be treated as a workflow source change and trigger a rebuild loop.

Fix

Keep the existing watcher logic in place and add the configured distDir to the same local ignore check as the generated workflow directory.

Validation

I first validated the temporary regression test passed, then removed it so we do not introduce a new builder-eager test file just for this.

Manual validation used workbench/nextjs-webpack with a temporary distDir: '.next-dev' in next.config.ts:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter workflow... build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/ai... build
PORT=3211 WORKFLOW_DEV_HMR_LOGS=1 corepack pnpm@10.20.0 dev
curl -sS -o /tmp/workflow-next-webpack.out -w '%{http_code}\n' http://localhost:3211/

Observed result:

• initial workflow compile ran once
• app request returned 200
• .next-dev was created
• no repeated workflow dev hmr rebuild messages appeared over two 30-second quiet windows after the page compile

Also verified:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next test
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 exec biome check packages/next/src/builder-eager.ts .changeset/fix-next-custom-distdir-watch.md

@workflow/next tests passed: 4 files, 25 tests. Biome exits 0 with existing complexity warnings in the older watcher functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b46e221

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

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Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (+4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.959s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+4.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s (-3.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.955s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.087s (+33.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.248s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.491s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.243s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.263s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.702s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.439s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.303s (+61.3% 🔺)	1.817s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.514s	10	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.936s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.081s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.753s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.283s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.554s (+9.6% 🔺)	3.211s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.657s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+0.7%)	3.907s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.543s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.379s (-1.2%)	11.017s (~)	0.638s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.464s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.557s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.481s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.544s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.491s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.533s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.755s (+0.6%)	13.441s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.686s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.893s (+1.9%)	13.846s (-0.8%)	1.953s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.864s (~)	14.240s (~)	1.376s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.633s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.393s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.657s (~)	14.219s (+1.4%)	0.562s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.262s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.851s (+1.0%)	14.228s (+1.4%)	0.378s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.532s (-0.8%)	17.952s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.420s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.305s (+6.9% 🔺)	18.967s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.663s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.042s (~)	19.385s (-1.9%)	1.343s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	11.691s (-5.2% 🟢)	12.016s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.325s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.198s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.828s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.315s (+0.6%)	13.027s (~)	0.713s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.396s (+1.4%)	13.026s (~)	0.630s	7	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.857s (+3.2%)	19.309s (+0.6%)	1.452s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.558s (+14.5% 🔺)	21.233s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.675s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.294s (+3.0%)	21.559s (-0.6%)	1.265s	5	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.132s (-4.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.876s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.413s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.416s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.488s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.074s (+3.4%)	0.586s	15	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.106s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.411s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.305s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.158s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.964s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.806s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.353s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.587s (-1.1%)	1.233s	7	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.215s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.791s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-4.6%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.635s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	2.445s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.563s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.549s (+9.9% 🔺)	3.111s (+3.4%)	0.561s	10	2.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.418s (-4.4%)	3.857s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.440s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.622s (+0.6%)	3.792s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.170s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.065s (+22.1% 🔺)	5.062s (+3.1%)	0.997s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.493s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.761s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.268s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.158s (-3.2%)	5.013s (+2.9%)	0.855s	6	2.79x
💻 Local	Express	4.195s (-5.0%)	5.014s (-3.2%)	0.819s	6	2.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.900s (+4.3%)	5.683s (+3.1%)	0.783s	6	3.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.877s (+1.7%)	4.459s (-1.1%)	1.582s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.894s (-0.9%)	4.659s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.765s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.166s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.546s (-3.9%)	1.379s	6	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.447s (+2.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.560s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.455s (-3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.071s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.346s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.275s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.124s (+11.8% 🔺)	3.952s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.829s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.209s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.530s (-3.7%)	1.321s	7	1.55x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.077s (+3.5%)	0.828s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.453s (-1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.555s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.511s (+2.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.498s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.671s (-5.0%)	3.209s (-4.0%)	0.538s	10	2.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.395s (-22.8% 🟢)	3.772s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.377s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.556s (+16.4% 🔺)	4.056s (+15.7% 🔺)	1.500s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.737s (+18.5% 🔺)	5.039s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.301s	7	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.576s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.106s	9	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.611s (+29.3% 🔺)	5.850s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.239s	6	3.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.631s (-16.1% 🟢)	5.848s (-2.8%)	1.217s	6	3.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.849s (+8.2% 🔺)	6.216s (+3.4%)	0.367s	5	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.707s (+6.2% 🔺)	3.918s (+2.9%)	1.211s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.833s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.263s (-3.9%)	1.431s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.639s (+2.8%)	6.280s (+2.2%)	1.642s	5	1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-23.0% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.560s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.604s (~)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.418s	59	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.609s (+1.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.397s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.639s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.383s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+4.9%)	3.933s (-0.9%)	1.323s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.675s (+2.7%)	4.323s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.648s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.747s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.298s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.551s	12	1.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.990s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.271s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.281s	72	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.474s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.532s	45	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (-4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.448s	45	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.116s (+5.0% 🔺)	7.707s (+3.0%)	1.591s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.171s (+5.7% 🔺)	7.612s (+3.2%)	1.441s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.388s (+1.7%)	9.793s (+2.2%)	1.405s	10	1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.116s (-25.7% 🟢)	2.562s (-20.4% 🟢)	0.446s	47	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.241s (-2.7%)	3.977s (-0.8%)	0.736s	31	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.355s (+5.6% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.654s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.398s (-0.9%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.645s	30	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.242s (+6.5% 🔺)	14.110s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.869s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.299s (+5.2% 🔺)	13.652s (-1.3%)	1.353s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.142s (~)	18.487s (-1.2%)	1.345s	7	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.177s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.828s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.524s (+1.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.480s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.560s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.445s	60	3.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.627s (-2.4%)	1.022s (~)	0.395s	59	3.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.072s (-4.8%)	2.283s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.211s	27	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.148s (+4.8%)	2.540s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.391s	24	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.199s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.377s (+0.5%)	1.177s	18	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.259s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.748s	90	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-3.0%)	3.009s (-1.1%)	0.555s	30	9.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.404s	30	10.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.620s (+3.7%)	3.010s (~)	0.390s	30	10.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.353s (+2.3%)	2.742s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.389s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.692s (+18.7% 🔺)	3.144s (+3.0%)	1.452s	29	1.25x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.905s (+12.1% 🔺)	4.522s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.616s	20	2.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.504s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.047s (-2.8%)	0.544s	115	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.284s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.667s (~)	3.383s	14	10.49x
💻 Local	Express	5.295s (-11.4% 🟢)	8.490s (~)	3.194s	15	10.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.286s (-2.3%)	9.028s (-2.3%)	2.742s	14	12.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.979s (+23.3% 🔺)	3.531s (-2.9%)	1.551s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.430s (+45.9% 🔺)	4.286s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.856s	28	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.362s (+3.8%)	5.912s (+3.2%)	1.550s	21	2.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.119s (-3.7%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.890s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	1.967s (~)	0.011s (+2.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.878s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.157s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.862s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.176s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.996s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.287s (+1.5%)	5.411s (+230.4% 🔺)	9.132s (+70.8% 🔺)	7.136s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.041s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.630s (+22.6% 🔺)	5.375s (+192.3% 🔺)	9.487s (+81.7% 🔺)	7.445s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.899s (+22.4% 🔺)	4.512s (+29.0% 🔺)	5.371s (+268.9% 🔺)	10.873s (+68.9% 🔺)	6.974s	10	1.95x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (-3.5%)	2.066s (+3.1%)	0.005s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.089s (+3.0%)	0.517s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.582s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.013s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.442s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.588s (-0.8%)	1.970s (~)	0.012s (~)	2.026s (~)	0.438s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.606s (+1.5%)	2.011s (-1.4%)	0.013s (~)	2.027s (-1.5%)	0.422s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.694s (+4.9%)	6.883s (-2.4%)	0.704s (+215.5% 🔺)	7.976s (+2.5%)	2.282s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.769s (+1.4%)	7.556s (+14.6% 🔺)	0.096s (-59.0% 🟢)	8.139s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.370s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.795s (+3.0%)	10.686s (+1.4%)	1.038s (+374.6% 🔺)	12.616s (+9.2% 🔺)	2.821s	5	1.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.826s (-2.5%)	1.174s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+112.0% 🔺)	1.207s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.381s	50	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.323s (-2.4%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.922s (~)	0.599s	32	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-3.7%)	1.979s (~)	0.000s (-26.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.668s	30	1.63x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.378s (+2.2%)	1.981s (+1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	1.984s (+1.7%)	0.606s	31	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.296s (-36.9% 🟢)	4.557s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-53.8% 🟢)	4.944s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.648s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.359s (-18.3% 🟢)	4.921s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.395s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.036s	12	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.814s (+7.0% 🔺)	5.420s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.334s (+2.6%)	1.520s	10	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.680s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.304s (-4.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.330s (-4.2%)	0.650s	26	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.673s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+88.2% 🔺)	3.676s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.527s	17	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.393s (-1.9%)	4.060s (+1.7%)	0.001s (-47.1% 🟢)	4.099s (+1.7%)	0.706s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.514s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.027s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+70.7% 🔺)	4.031s (+3.2%)	0.518s	15	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.555s (+4.7%)	6.092s (+16.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.534s (+15.3% 🔺)	1.979s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.925s (+9.7% 🔺)	6.141s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.527s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.602s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.586s (+3.1%)	8.232s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.210s (+3.0%)	1.624s	7	1.67x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Express	13/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	18/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2818. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Fixes#2809.

The eager Next builder's dev watcher already ignores hardcoded output directories such as /.next/, /dist/, and /build/. When a Next app configures a custom distDir such as .next-dev, that output directory was not ignored, so Next compiler output could be treated as a workflow source change and trigger a rebuild loop.

Fix

Keep the existing watcher logic in place and add the configured distDir to the same local ignore check as the generated workflow directory.

Validation

I first validated the temporary regression test passed, then removed it so we do not introduce a new builder-eager test file just for this.

Manual validation used workbench/nextjs-webpack with a temporary distDir: '.next-dev' in next.config.ts:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter workflow... build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/ai... build
PORT=3211 WORKFLOW_DEV_HMR_LOGS=1 corepack pnpm@10.20.0 dev
curl -sS -o /tmp/workflow-next-webpack.out -w '%{http_code}\n' http://localhost:3211/

Observed result:

• initial workflow compile ran once
• app request returned 200
• .next-dev was created
• no repeated workflow dev hmr rebuild messages appeared over two 30-second quiet windows after the page compile

Also verified:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next test
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 exec biome check packages/next/src/builder-eager.ts .changeset/fix-next-custom-distdir-watch.md

@workflow/next tests passed: 4 files, 25 tests. Biome exits 0 with existing complexity warnings in the older watcher functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b46e221

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (+4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.959s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+4.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s (-3.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.955s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.087s (+33.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.248s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.491s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.243s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.263s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.702s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.439s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.303s (+61.3% 🔺)	1.817s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.514s	10	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.936s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.081s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.753s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.283s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.554s (+9.6% 🔺)	3.211s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.657s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+0.7%)	3.907s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.543s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.379s (-1.2%)	11.017s (~)	0.638s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.464s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.557s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.481s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.544s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.491s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.533s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.755s (+0.6%)	13.441s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.686s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.893s (+1.9%)	13.846s (-0.8%)	1.953s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.864s (~)	14.240s (~)	1.376s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.633s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.393s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.657s (~)	14.219s (+1.4%)	0.562s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.262s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.851s (+1.0%)	14.228s (+1.4%)	0.378s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.532s (-0.8%)	17.952s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.420s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.305s (+6.9% 🔺)	18.967s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.663s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.042s (~)	19.385s (-1.9%)	1.343s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	11.691s (-5.2% 🟢)	12.016s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.325s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.198s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.828s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.315s (+0.6%)	13.027s (~)	0.713s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.396s (+1.4%)	13.026s (~)	0.630s	7	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.857s (+3.2%)	19.309s (+0.6%)	1.452s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.558s (+14.5% 🔺)	21.233s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.675s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.294s (+3.0%)	21.559s (-0.6%)	1.265s	5	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.132s (-4.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.876s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.413s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.416s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.488s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.074s (+3.4%)	0.586s	15	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.106s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.411s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.305s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.158s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.964s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.806s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.353s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.587s (-1.1%)	1.233s	7	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.215s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.791s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-4.6%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.635s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	2.445s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.563s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.549s (+9.9% 🔺)	3.111s (+3.4%)	0.561s	10	2.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.418s (-4.4%)	3.857s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.440s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.622s (+0.6%)	3.792s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.170s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.065s (+22.1% 🔺)	5.062s (+3.1%)	0.997s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.493s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.761s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.268s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.158s (-3.2%)	5.013s (+2.9%)	0.855s	6	2.79x
💻 Local	Express	4.195s (-5.0%)	5.014s (-3.2%)	0.819s	6	2.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.900s (+4.3%)	5.683s (+3.1%)	0.783s	6	3.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.877s (+1.7%)	4.459s (-1.1%)	1.582s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.894s (-0.9%)	4.659s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.765s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.166s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.546s (-3.9%)	1.379s	6	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.447s (+2.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.560s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.455s (-3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.071s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.346s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.275s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.124s (+11.8% 🔺)	3.952s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.829s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.209s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.530s (-3.7%)	1.321s	7	1.55x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.077s (+3.5%)	0.828s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.453s (-1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.555s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.511s (+2.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.498s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.671s (-5.0%)	3.209s (-4.0%)	0.538s	10	2.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.395s (-22.8% 🟢)	3.772s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.377s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.556s (+16.4% 🔺)	4.056s (+15.7% 🔺)	1.500s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.737s (+18.5% 🔺)	5.039s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.301s	7	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.576s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.106s	9	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.611s (+29.3% 🔺)	5.850s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.239s	6	3.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.631s (-16.1% 🟢)	5.848s (-2.8%)	1.217s	6	3.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.849s (+8.2% 🔺)	6.216s (+3.4%)	0.367s	5	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.707s (+6.2% 🔺)	3.918s (+2.9%)	1.211s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.833s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.263s (-3.9%)	1.431s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.639s (+2.8%)	6.280s (+2.2%)	1.642s	5	1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-23.0% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.560s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.604s (~)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.418s	59	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.609s (+1.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.397s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.639s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.383s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+4.9%)	3.933s (-0.9%)	1.323s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.675s (+2.7%)	4.323s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.648s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.747s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.298s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.551s	12	1.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.990s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.271s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.281s	72	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.474s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.532s	45	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (-4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.448s	45	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.116s (+5.0% 🔺)	7.707s (+3.0%)	1.591s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.171s (+5.7% 🔺)	7.612s (+3.2%)	1.441s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.388s (+1.7%)	9.793s (+2.2%)	1.405s	10	1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.116s (-25.7% 🟢)	2.562s (-20.4% 🟢)	0.446s	47	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.241s (-2.7%)	3.977s (-0.8%)	0.736s	31	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.355s (+5.6% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.654s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.398s (-0.9%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.645s	30	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.242s (+6.5% 🔺)	14.110s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.869s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.299s (+5.2% 🔺)	13.652s (-1.3%)	1.353s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.142s (~)	18.487s (-1.2%)	1.345s	7	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.177s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.828s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.524s (+1.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.480s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.560s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.445s	60	3.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.627s (-2.4%)	1.022s (~)	0.395s	59	3.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.072s (-4.8%)	2.283s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.211s	27	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.148s (+4.8%)	2.540s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.391s	24	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.199s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.377s (+0.5%)	1.177s	18	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.259s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.748s	90	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-3.0%)	3.009s (-1.1%)	0.555s	30	9.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.404s	30	10.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.620s (+3.7%)	3.010s (~)	0.390s	30	10.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.353s (+2.3%)	2.742s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.389s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.692s (+18.7% 🔺)	3.144s (+3.0%)	1.452s	29	1.25x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.905s (+12.1% 🔺)	4.522s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.616s	20	2.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.504s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.047s (-2.8%)	0.544s	115	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.284s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.667s (~)	3.383s	14	10.49x
💻 Local	Express	5.295s (-11.4% 🟢)	8.490s (~)	3.194s	15	10.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.286s (-2.3%)	9.028s (-2.3%)	2.742s	14	12.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.979s (+23.3% 🔺)	3.531s (-2.9%)	1.551s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.430s (+45.9% 🔺)	4.286s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.856s	28	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.362s (+3.8%)	5.912s (+3.2%)	1.550s	21	2.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.119s (-3.7%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.890s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	1.967s (~)	0.011s (+2.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.878s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.157s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.862s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.176s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.996s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.287s (+1.5%)	5.411s (+230.4% 🔺)	9.132s (+70.8% 🔺)	7.136s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.041s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.630s (+22.6% 🔺)	5.375s (+192.3% 🔺)	9.487s (+81.7% 🔺)	7.445s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.899s (+22.4% 🔺)	4.512s (+29.0% 🔺)	5.371s (+268.9% 🔺)	10.873s (+68.9% 🔺)	6.974s	10	1.95x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (-3.5%)	2.066s (+3.1%)	0.005s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.089s (+3.0%)	0.517s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.582s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.013s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.442s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.588s (-0.8%)	1.970s (~)	0.012s (~)	2.026s (~)	0.438s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.606s (+1.5%)	2.011s (-1.4%)	0.013s (~)	2.027s (-1.5%)	0.422s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.694s (+4.9%)	6.883s (-2.4%)	0.704s (+215.5% 🔺)	7.976s (+2.5%)	2.282s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.769s (+1.4%)	7.556s (+14.6% 🔺)	0.096s (-59.0% 🟢)	8.139s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.370s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.795s (+3.0%)	10.686s (+1.4%)	1.038s (+374.6% 🔺)	12.616s (+9.2% 🔺)	2.821s	5	1.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.826s (-2.5%)	1.174s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+112.0% 🔺)	1.207s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.381s	50	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.323s (-2.4%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.922s (~)	0.599s	32	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-3.7%)	1.979s (~)	0.000s (-26.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.668s	30	1.63x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.378s (+2.2%)	1.981s (+1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	1.984s (+1.7%)	0.606s	31	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.296s (-36.9% 🟢)	4.557s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-53.8% 🟢)	4.944s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.648s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.359s (-18.3% 🟢)	4.921s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.395s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.036s	12	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.814s (+7.0% 🔺)	5.420s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.334s (+2.6%)	1.520s	10	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.680s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.304s (-4.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.330s (-4.2%)	0.650s	26	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.673s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+88.2% 🔺)	3.676s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.527s	17	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.393s (-1.9%)	4.060s (+1.7%)	0.001s (-47.1% 🟢)	4.099s (+1.7%)	0.706s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.514s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.027s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+70.7% 🔺)	4.031s (+3.2%)	0.518s	15	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.555s (+4.7%)	6.092s (+16.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.534s (+15.3% 🔺)	1.979s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.925s (+9.7% 🔺)	6.141s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.527s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.602s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.586s (+3.1%)	8.232s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.210s (+3.0%)	1.624s	7	1.67x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Express	13/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	18/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2818. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Fixes#2809.

The eager Next builder's dev watcher already ignores hardcoded output directories such as /.next/, /dist/, and /build/. When a Next app configures a custom distDir such as .next-dev, that output directory was not ignored, so Next compiler output could be treated as a workflow source change and trigger a rebuild loop.

Fix

Keep the existing watcher logic in place and add the configured distDir to the same local ignore check as the generated workflow directory.

Validation

I first validated the temporary regression test passed, then removed it so we do not introduce a new builder-eager test file just for this.

Manual validation used workbench/nextjs-webpack with a temporary distDir: '.next-dev' in next.config.ts:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter workflow... build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/ai... build
PORT=3211 WORKFLOW_DEV_HMR_LOGS=1 corepack pnpm@10.20.0 dev
curl -sS -o /tmp/workflow-next-webpack.out -w '%{http_code}\n' http://localhost:3211/

Observed result:

• initial workflow compile ran once
• app request returned 200
• .next-dev was created
• no repeated workflow dev hmr rebuild messages appeared over two 30-second quiet windows after the page compile

Also verified:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next test
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 exec biome check packages/next/src/builder-eager.ts .changeset/fix-next-custom-distdir-watch.md

@workflow/next tests passed: 4 files, 25 tests. Biome exits 0 with existing complexity warnings in the older watcher functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b46e221

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (+4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.959s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+4.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s (-3.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.955s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.087s (+33.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.248s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.491s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.243s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.263s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.702s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.439s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.303s (+61.3% 🔺)	1.817s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.514s	10	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.936s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.081s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.753s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.283s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.554s (+9.6% 🔺)	3.211s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.657s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+0.7%)	3.907s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.543s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.379s (-1.2%)	11.017s (~)	0.638s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.464s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.557s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.481s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.544s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.491s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.533s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.755s (+0.6%)	13.441s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.686s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.893s (+1.9%)	13.846s (-0.8%)	1.953s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.864s (~)	14.240s (~)	1.376s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.633s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.393s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.657s (~)	14.219s (+1.4%)	0.562s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.262s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.851s (+1.0%)	14.228s (+1.4%)	0.378s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.532s (-0.8%)	17.952s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.420s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.305s (+6.9% 🔺)	18.967s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.663s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.042s (~)	19.385s (-1.9%)	1.343s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	11.691s (-5.2% 🟢)	12.016s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.325s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.198s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.828s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.315s (+0.6%)	13.027s (~)	0.713s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.396s (+1.4%)	13.026s (~)	0.630s	7	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.857s (+3.2%)	19.309s (+0.6%)	1.452s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.558s (+14.5% 🔺)	21.233s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.675s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.294s (+3.0%)	21.559s (-0.6%)	1.265s	5	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.132s (-4.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.876s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.413s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.416s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.488s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.074s (+3.4%)	0.586s	15	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.106s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.411s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.305s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.158s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.964s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.806s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.353s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.587s (-1.1%)	1.233s	7	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.215s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.791s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-4.6%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.635s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	2.445s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.563s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.549s (+9.9% 🔺)	3.111s (+3.4%)	0.561s	10	2.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.418s (-4.4%)	3.857s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.440s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.622s (+0.6%)	3.792s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.170s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.065s (+22.1% 🔺)	5.062s (+3.1%)	0.997s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.493s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.761s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.268s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.158s (-3.2%)	5.013s (+2.9%)	0.855s	6	2.79x
💻 Local	Express	4.195s (-5.0%)	5.014s (-3.2%)	0.819s	6	2.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.900s (+4.3%)	5.683s (+3.1%)	0.783s	6	3.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.877s (+1.7%)	4.459s (-1.1%)	1.582s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.894s (-0.9%)	4.659s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.765s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.166s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.546s (-3.9%)	1.379s	6	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.447s (+2.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.560s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.455s (-3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.071s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.346s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.275s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.124s (+11.8% 🔺)	3.952s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.829s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.209s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.530s (-3.7%)	1.321s	7	1.55x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.077s (+3.5%)	0.828s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.453s (-1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.555s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.511s (+2.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.498s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.671s (-5.0%)	3.209s (-4.0%)	0.538s	10	2.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.395s (-22.8% 🟢)	3.772s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.377s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.556s (+16.4% 🔺)	4.056s (+15.7% 🔺)	1.500s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.737s (+18.5% 🔺)	5.039s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.301s	7	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.576s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.106s	9	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.611s (+29.3% 🔺)	5.850s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.239s	6	3.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.631s (-16.1% 🟢)	5.848s (-2.8%)	1.217s	6	3.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.849s (+8.2% 🔺)	6.216s (+3.4%)	0.367s	5	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.707s (+6.2% 🔺)	3.918s (+2.9%)	1.211s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.833s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.263s (-3.9%)	1.431s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.639s (+2.8%)	6.280s (+2.2%)	1.642s	5	1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-23.0% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.560s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.604s (~)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.418s	59	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.609s (+1.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.397s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.639s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.383s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+4.9%)	3.933s (-0.9%)	1.323s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.675s (+2.7%)	4.323s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.648s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.747s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.298s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.551s	12	1.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.990s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.271s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.281s	72	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.474s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.532s	45	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (-4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.448s	45	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.116s (+5.0% 🔺)	7.707s (+3.0%)	1.591s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.171s (+5.7% 🔺)	7.612s (+3.2%)	1.441s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.388s (+1.7%)	9.793s (+2.2%)	1.405s	10	1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.116s (-25.7% 🟢)	2.562s (-20.4% 🟢)	0.446s	47	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.241s (-2.7%)	3.977s (-0.8%)	0.736s	31	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.355s (+5.6% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.654s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.398s (-0.9%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.645s	30	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.242s (+6.5% 🔺)	14.110s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.869s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.299s (+5.2% 🔺)	13.652s (-1.3%)	1.353s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.142s (~)	18.487s (-1.2%)	1.345s	7	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.177s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.828s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.524s (+1.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.480s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.560s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.445s	60	3.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.627s (-2.4%)	1.022s (~)	0.395s	59	3.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.072s (-4.8%)	2.283s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.211s	27	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.148s (+4.8%)	2.540s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.391s	24	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.199s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.377s (+0.5%)	1.177s	18	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.259s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.748s	90	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-3.0%)	3.009s (-1.1%)	0.555s	30	9.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.404s	30	10.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.620s (+3.7%)	3.010s (~)	0.390s	30	10.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.353s (+2.3%)	2.742s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.389s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.692s (+18.7% 🔺)	3.144s (+3.0%)	1.452s	29	1.25x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.905s (+12.1% 🔺)	4.522s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.616s	20	2.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.504s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.047s (-2.8%)	0.544s	115	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.284s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.667s (~)	3.383s	14	10.49x
💻 Local	Express	5.295s (-11.4% 🟢)	8.490s (~)	3.194s	15	10.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.286s (-2.3%)	9.028s (-2.3%)	2.742s	14	12.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.979s (+23.3% 🔺)	3.531s (-2.9%)	1.551s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.430s (+45.9% 🔺)	4.286s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.856s	28	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.362s (+3.8%)	5.912s (+3.2%)	1.550s	21	2.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.119s (-3.7%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.890s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	1.967s (~)	0.011s (+2.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.878s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.157s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.862s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.176s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.996s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.287s (+1.5%)	5.411s (+230.4% 🔺)	9.132s (+70.8% 🔺)	7.136s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.041s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.630s (+22.6% 🔺)	5.375s (+192.3% 🔺)	9.487s (+81.7% 🔺)	7.445s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.899s (+22.4% 🔺)	4.512s (+29.0% 🔺)	5.371s (+268.9% 🔺)	10.873s (+68.9% 🔺)	6.974s	10	1.95x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (-3.5%)	2.066s (+3.1%)	0.005s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.089s (+3.0%)	0.517s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.582s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.013s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.442s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.588s (-0.8%)	1.970s (~)	0.012s (~)	2.026s (~)	0.438s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.606s (+1.5%)	2.011s (-1.4%)	0.013s (~)	2.027s (-1.5%)	0.422s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.694s (+4.9%)	6.883s (-2.4%)	0.704s (+215.5% 🔺)	7.976s (+2.5%)	2.282s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.769s (+1.4%)	7.556s (+14.6% 🔺)	0.096s (-59.0% 🟢)	8.139s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.370s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.795s (+3.0%)	10.686s (+1.4%)	1.038s (+374.6% 🔺)	12.616s (+9.2% 🔺)	2.821s	5	1.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.826s (-2.5%)	1.174s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+112.0% 🔺)	1.207s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.381s	50	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.323s (-2.4%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.922s (~)	0.599s	32	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-3.7%)	1.979s (~)	0.000s (-26.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.668s	30	1.63x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.378s (+2.2%)	1.981s (+1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	1.984s (+1.7%)	0.606s	31	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.296s (-36.9% 🟢)	4.557s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-53.8% 🟢)	4.944s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.648s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.359s (-18.3% 🟢)	4.921s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.395s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.036s	12	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.814s (+7.0% 🔺)	5.420s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.334s (+2.6%)	1.520s	10	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.680s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.304s (-4.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.330s (-4.2%)	0.650s	26	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.673s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+88.2% 🔺)	3.676s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.527s	17	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.393s (-1.9%)	4.060s (+1.7%)	0.001s (-47.1% 🟢)	4.099s (+1.7%)	0.706s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.514s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.027s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+70.7% 🔺)	4.031s (+3.2%)	0.518s	15	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.555s (+4.7%)	6.092s (+16.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.534s (+15.3% 🔺)	1.979s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.925s (+9.7% 🔺)	6.141s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.527s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.602s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.586s (+3.1%)	8.232s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.210s (+3.0%)	1.624s	7	1.67x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Express	13/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	18/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2818. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Fixes#2809.

The eager Next builder's dev watcher already ignores hardcoded output directories such as /.next/, /dist/, and /build/. When a Next app configures a custom distDir such as .next-dev, that output directory was not ignored, so Next compiler output could be treated as a workflow source change and trigger a rebuild loop.

Fix

Keep the existing watcher logic in place and add the configured distDir to the same local ignore check as the generated workflow directory.

Validation

I first validated the temporary regression test passed, then removed it so we do not introduce a new builder-eager test file just for this.

Manual validation used workbench/nextjs-webpack with a temporary distDir: '.next-dev' in next.config.ts:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter workflow... build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/ai... build
PORT=3211 WORKFLOW_DEV_HMR_LOGS=1 corepack pnpm@10.20.0 dev
curl -sS -o /tmp/workflow-next-webpack.out -w '%{http_code}\n' http://localhost:3211/

Observed result:

• initial workflow compile ran once
• app request returned 200
• .next-dev was created
• no repeated workflow dev hmr rebuild messages appeared over two 30-second quiet windows after the page compile

Also verified:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next test
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 exec biome check packages/next/src/builder-eager.ts .changeset/fix-next-custom-distdir-watch.md

@workflow/next tests passed: 4 files, 25 tests. Biome exits 0 with existing complexity warnings in the older watcher functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b46e221

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (+4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.959s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+4.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s (-3.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.955s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.087s (+33.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.248s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.491s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.243s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.263s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.702s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.439s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.303s (+61.3% 🔺)	1.817s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.514s	10	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.936s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.081s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.753s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.283s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.554s (+9.6% 🔺)	3.211s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.657s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+0.7%)	3.907s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.543s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.379s (-1.2%)	11.017s (~)	0.638s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.464s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.557s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.481s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.544s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.491s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.533s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.755s (+0.6%)	13.441s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.686s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.893s (+1.9%)	13.846s (-0.8%)	1.953s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.864s (~)	14.240s (~)	1.376s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.633s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.393s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.657s (~)	14.219s (+1.4%)	0.562s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.262s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.851s (+1.0%)	14.228s (+1.4%)	0.378s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.532s (-0.8%)	17.952s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.420s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.305s (+6.9% 🔺)	18.967s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.663s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.042s (~)	19.385s (-1.9%)	1.343s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	11.691s (-5.2% 🟢)	12.016s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.325s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.198s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.828s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.315s (+0.6%)	13.027s (~)	0.713s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.396s (+1.4%)	13.026s (~)	0.630s	7	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.857s (+3.2%)	19.309s (+0.6%)	1.452s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.558s (+14.5% 🔺)	21.233s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.675s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.294s (+3.0%)	21.559s (-0.6%)	1.265s	5	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.132s (-4.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.876s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.413s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.416s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.488s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.074s (+3.4%)	0.586s	15	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.106s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.411s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.305s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.158s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.964s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.806s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.353s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.587s (-1.1%)	1.233s	7	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.215s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.791s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-4.6%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.635s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	2.445s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.563s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.549s (+9.9% 🔺)	3.111s (+3.4%)	0.561s	10	2.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.418s (-4.4%)	3.857s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.440s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.622s (+0.6%)	3.792s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.170s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.065s (+22.1% 🔺)	5.062s (+3.1%)	0.997s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.493s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.761s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.268s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.158s (-3.2%)	5.013s (+2.9%)	0.855s	6	2.79x
💻 Local	Express	4.195s (-5.0%)	5.014s (-3.2%)	0.819s	6	2.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.900s (+4.3%)	5.683s (+3.1%)	0.783s	6	3.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.877s (+1.7%)	4.459s (-1.1%)	1.582s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.894s (-0.9%)	4.659s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.765s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.166s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.546s (-3.9%)	1.379s	6	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.447s (+2.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.560s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.455s (-3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.071s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.346s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.275s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.124s (+11.8% 🔺)	3.952s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.829s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.209s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.530s (-3.7%)	1.321s	7	1.55x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.077s (+3.5%)	0.828s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.453s (-1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.555s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.511s (+2.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.498s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.671s (-5.0%)	3.209s (-4.0%)	0.538s	10	2.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.395s (-22.8% 🟢)	3.772s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.377s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.556s (+16.4% 🔺)	4.056s (+15.7% 🔺)	1.500s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.737s (+18.5% 🔺)	5.039s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.301s	7	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.576s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.106s	9	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.611s (+29.3% 🔺)	5.850s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.239s	6	3.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.631s (-16.1% 🟢)	5.848s (-2.8%)	1.217s	6	3.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.849s (+8.2% 🔺)	6.216s (+3.4%)	0.367s	5	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.707s (+6.2% 🔺)	3.918s (+2.9%)	1.211s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.833s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.263s (-3.9%)	1.431s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.639s (+2.8%)	6.280s (+2.2%)	1.642s	5	1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-23.0% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.560s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.604s (~)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.418s	59	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.609s (+1.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.397s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.639s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.383s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+4.9%)	3.933s (-0.9%)	1.323s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.675s (+2.7%)	4.323s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.648s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.747s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.298s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.551s	12	1.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.990s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.271s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.281s	72	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.474s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.532s	45	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (-4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.448s	45	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.116s (+5.0% 🔺)	7.707s (+3.0%)	1.591s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.171s (+5.7% 🔺)	7.612s (+3.2%)	1.441s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.388s (+1.7%)	9.793s (+2.2%)	1.405s	10	1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.116s (-25.7% 🟢)	2.562s (-20.4% 🟢)	0.446s	47	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.241s (-2.7%)	3.977s (-0.8%)	0.736s	31	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.355s (+5.6% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.654s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.398s (-0.9%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.645s	30	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.242s (+6.5% 🔺)	14.110s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.869s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.299s (+5.2% 🔺)	13.652s (-1.3%)	1.353s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.142s (~)	18.487s (-1.2%)	1.345s	7	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.177s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.828s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.524s (+1.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.480s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.560s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.445s	60	3.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.627s (-2.4%)	1.022s (~)	0.395s	59	3.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.072s (-4.8%)	2.283s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.211s	27	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.148s (+4.8%)	2.540s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.391s	24	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.199s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.377s (+0.5%)	1.177s	18	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.259s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.748s	90	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-3.0%)	3.009s (-1.1%)	0.555s	30	9.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.404s	30	10.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.620s (+3.7%)	3.010s (~)	0.390s	30	10.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.353s (+2.3%)	2.742s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.389s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.692s (+18.7% 🔺)	3.144s (+3.0%)	1.452s	29	1.25x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.905s (+12.1% 🔺)	4.522s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.616s	20	2.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.504s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.047s (-2.8%)	0.544s	115	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.284s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.667s (~)	3.383s	14	10.49x
💻 Local	Express	5.295s (-11.4% 🟢)	8.490s (~)	3.194s	15	10.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.286s (-2.3%)	9.028s (-2.3%)	2.742s	14	12.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.979s (+23.3% 🔺)	3.531s (-2.9%)	1.551s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.430s (+45.9% 🔺)	4.286s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.856s	28	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.362s (+3.8%)	5.912s (+3.2%)	1.550s	21	2.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.119s (-3.7%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.890s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	1.967s (~)	0.011s (+2.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.878s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.157s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.862s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.176s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.996s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.287s (+1.5%)	5.411s (+230.4% 🔺)	9.132s (+70.8% 🔺)	7.136s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.041s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.630s (+22.6% 🔺)	5.375s (+192.3% 🔺)	9.487s (+81.7% 🔺)	7.445s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.899s (+22.4% 🔺)	4.512s (+29.0% 🔺)	5.371s (+268.9% 🔺)	10.873s (+68.9% 🔺)	6.974s	10	1.95x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (-3.5%)	2.066s (+3.1%)	0.005s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.089s (+3.0%)	0.517s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.582s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.013s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.442s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.588s (-0.8%)	1.970s (~)	0.012s (~)	2.026s (~)	0.438s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.606s (+1.5%)	2.011s (-1.4%)	0.013s (~)	2.027s (-1.5%)	0.422s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.694s (+4.9%)	6.883s (-2.4%)	0.704s (+215.5% 🔺)	7.976s (+2.5%)	2.282s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.769s (+1.4%)	7.556s (+14.6% 🔺)	0.096s (-59.0% 🟢)	8.139s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.370s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.795s (+3.0%)	10.686s (+1.4%)	1.038s (+374.6% 🔺)	12.616s (+9.2% 🔺)	2.821s	5	1.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.826s (-2.5%)	1.174s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+112.0% 🔺)	1.207s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.381s	50	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.323s (-2.4%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.922s (~)	0.599s	32	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-3.7%)	1.979s (~)	0.000s (-26.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.668s	30	1.63x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.378s (+2.2%)	1.981s (+1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	1.984s (+1.7%)	0.606s	31	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.296s (-36.9% 🟢)	4.557s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-53.8% 🟢)	4.944s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.648s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.359s (-18.3% 🟢)	4.921s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.395s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.036s	12	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.814s (+7.0% 🔺)	5.420s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.334s (+2.6%)	1.520s	10	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.680s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.304s (-4.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.330s (-4.2%)	0.650s	26	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.673s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+88.2% 🔺)	3.676s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.527s	17	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.393s (-1.9%)	4.060s (+1.7%)	0.001s (-47.1% 🟢)	4.099s (+1.7%)	0.706s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.514s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.027s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+70.7% 🔺)	4.031s (+3.2%)	0.518s	15	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.555s (+4.7%)	6.092s (+16.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.534s (+15.3% 🔺)	1.979s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.925s (+9.7% 🔺)	6.141s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.527s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.602s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.586s (+3.1%)	8.232s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.210s (+3.0%)	1.624s	7	1.67x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Express	13/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	18/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2818. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Fixes#2809.

The eager Next builder's dev watcher already ignores hardcoded output directories such as /.next/, /dist/, and /build/. When a Next app configures a custom distDir such as .next-dev, that output directory was not ignored, so Next compiler output could be treated as a workflow source change and trigger a rebuild loop.

Fix

Keep the existing watcher logic in place and add the configured distDir to the same local ignore check as the generated workflow directory.

Validation

I first validated the temporary regression test passed, then removed it so we do not introduce a new builder-eager test file just for this.

Manual validation used workbench/nextjs-webpack with a temporary distDir: '.next-dev' in next.config.ts:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter workflow... build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/ai... build
PORT=3211 WORKFLOW_DEV_HMR_LOGS=1 corepack pnpm@10.20.0 dev
curl -sS -o /tmp/workflow-next-webpack.out -w '%{http_code}\n' http://localhost:3211/

Observed result:

• initial workflow compile ran once
• app request returned 200
• .next-dev was created
• no repeated workflow dev hmr rebuild messages appeared over two 30-second quiet windows after the page compile

Also verified:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next test
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 exec biome check packages/next/src/builder-eager.ts .changeset/fix-next-custom-distdir-watch.md

@workflow/next tests passed: 4 files, 25 tests. Biome exits 0 with existing complexity warnings in the older watcher functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b46e221

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (+4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.959s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+4.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s (-3.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.955s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.087s (+33.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.248s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.491s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.243s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.263s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.702s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.439s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.303s (+61.3% 🔺)	1.817s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.514s	10	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.936s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.081s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.753s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.283s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.554s (+9.6% 🔺)	3.211s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.657s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+0.7%)	3.907s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.543s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.379s (-1.2%)	11.017s (~)	0.638s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.464s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.557s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.481s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.544s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.491s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.533s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.755s (+0.6%)	13.441s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.686s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.893s (+1.9%)	13.846s (-0.8%)	1.953s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.864s (~)	14.240s (~)	1.376s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.633s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.393s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.657s (~)	14.219s (+1.4%)	0.562s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.262s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.851s (+1.0%)	14.228s (+1.4%)	0.378s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.532s (-0.8%)	17.952s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.420s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.305s (+6.9% 🔺)	18.967s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.663s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.042s (~)	19.385s (-1.9%)	1.343s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	11.691s (-5.2% 🟢)	12.016s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.325s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.198s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.828s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.315s (+0.6%)	13.027s (~)	0.713s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.396s (+1.4%)	13.026s (~)	0.630s	7	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.857s (+3.2%)	19.309s (+0.6%)	1.452s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.558s (+14.5% 🔺)	21.233s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.675s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.294s (+3.0%)	21.559s (-0.6%)	1.265s	5	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.132s (-4.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.876s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.413s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.416s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.488s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.074s (+3.4%)	0.586s	15	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.106s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.411s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.305s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.158s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.964s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.806s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.353s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.587s (-1.1%)	1.233s	7	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.215s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.791s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-4.6%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.635s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	2.445s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.563s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.549s (+9.9% 🔺)	3.111s (+3.4%)	0.561s	10	2.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.418s (-4.4%)	3.857s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.440s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.622s (+0.6%)	3.792s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.170s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.065s (+22.1% 🔺)	5.062s (+3.1%)	0.997s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.493s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.761s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.268s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.158s (-3.2%)	5.013s (+2.9%)	0.855s	6	2.79x
💻 Local	Express	4.195s (-5.0%)	5.014s (-3.2%)	0.819s	6	2.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.900s (+4.3%)	5.683s (+3.1%)	0.783s	6	3.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.877s (+1.7%)	4.459s (-1.1%)	1.582s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.894s (-0.9%)	4.659s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.765s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.166s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.546s (-3.9%)	1.379s	6	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.447s (+2.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.560s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.455s (-3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.071s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.346s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.275s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.124s (+11.8% 🔺)	3.952s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.829s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.209s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.530s (-3.7%)	1.321s	7	1.55x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.077s (+3.5%)	0.828s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.453s (-1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.555s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.511s (+2.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.498s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.671s (-5.0%)	3.209s (-4.0%)	0.538s	10	2.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.395s (-22.8% 🟢)	3.772s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.377s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.556s (+16.4% 🔺)	4.056s (+15.7% 🔺)	1.500s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.737s (+18.5% 🔺)	5.039s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.301s	7	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.576s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.106s	9	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.611s (+29.3% 🔺)	5.850s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.239s	6	3.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.631s (-16.1% 🟢)	5.848s (-2.8%)	1.217s	6	3.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.849s (+8.2% 🔺)	6.216s (+3.4%)	0.367s	5	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.707s (+6.2% 🔺)	3.918s (+2.9%)	1.211s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.833s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.263s (-3.9%)	1.431s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.639s (+2.8%)	6.280s (+2.2%)	1.642s	5	1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-23.0% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.560s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.604s (~)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.418s	59	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.609s (+1.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.397s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.639s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.383s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+4.9%)	3.933s (-0.9%)	1.323s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.675s (+2.7%)	4.323s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.648s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.747s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.298s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.551s	12	1.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.990s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.271s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.281s	72	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.474s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.532s	45	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (-4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.448s	45	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.116s (+5.0% 🔺)	7.707s (+3.0%)	1.591s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.171s (+5.7% 🔺)	7.612s (+3.2%)	1.441s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.388s (+1.7%)	9.793s (+2.2%)	1.405s	10	1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.116s (-25.7% 🟢)	2.562s (-20.4% 🟢)	0.446s	47	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.241s (-2.7%)	3.977s (-0.8%)	0.736s	31	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.355s (+5.6% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.654s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.398s (-0.9%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.645s	30	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.242s (+6.5% 🔺)	14.110s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.869s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.299s (+5.2% 🔺)	13.652s (-1.3%)	1.353s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.142s (~)	18.487s (-1.2%)	1.345s	7	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.177s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.828s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.524s (+1.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.480s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.560s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.445s	60	3.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.627s (-2.4%)	1.022s (~)	0.395s	59	3.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.072s (-4.8%)	2.283s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.211s	27	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.148s (+4.8%)	2.540s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.391s	24	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.199s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.377s (+0.5%)	1.177s	18	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.259s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.748s	90	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-3.0%)	3.009s (-1.1%)	0.555s	30	9.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.404s	30	10.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.620s (+3.7%)	3.010s (~)	0.390s	30	10.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.353s (+2.3%)	2.742s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.389s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.692s (+18.7% 🔺)	3.144s (+3.0%)	1.452s	29	1.25x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.905s (+12.1% 🔺)	4.522s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.616s	20	2.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.504s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.047s (-2.8%)	0.544s	115	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.284s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.667s (~)	3.383s	14	10.49x
💻 Local	Express	5.295s (-11.4% 🟢)	8.490s (~)	3.194s	15	10.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.286s (-2.3%)	9.028s (-2.3%)	2.742s	14	12.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.979s (+23.3% 🔺)	3.531s (-2.9%)	1.551s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.430s (+45.9% 🔺)	4.286s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.856s	28	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.362s (+3.8%)	5.912s (+3.2%)	1.550s	21	2.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.119s (-3.7%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.890s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	1.967s (~)	0.011s (+2.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.878s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.157s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.862s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.176s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.996s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.287s (+1.5%)	5.411s (+230.4% 🔺)	9.132s (+70.8% 🔺)	7.136s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.041s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.630s (+22.6% 🔺)	5.375s (+192.3% 🔺)	9.487s (+81.7% 🔺)	7.445s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.899s (+22.4% 🔺)	4.512s (+29.0% 🔺)	5.371s (+268.9% 🔺)	10.873s (+68.9% 🔺)	6.974s	10	1.95x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (-3.5%)	2.066s (+3.1%)	0.005s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.089s (+3.0%)	0.517s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.582s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.013s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.442s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.588s (-0.8%)	1.970s (~)	0.012s (~)	2.026s (~)	0.438s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.606s (+1.5%)	2.011s (-1.4%)	0.013s (~)	2.027s (-1.5%)	0.422s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.694s (+4.9%)	6.883s (-2.4%)	0.704s (+215.5% 🔺)	7.976s (+2.5%)	2.282s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.769s (+1.4%)	7.556s (+14.6% 🔺)	0.096s (-59.0% 🟢)	8.139s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.370s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.795s (+3.0%)	10.686s (+1.4%)	1.038s (+374.6% 🔺)	12.616s (+9.2% 🔺)	2.821s	5	1.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.826s (-2.5%)	1.174s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+112.0% 🔺)	1.207s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.381s	50	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.323s (-2.4%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.922s (~)	0.599s	32	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-3.7%)	1.979s (~)	0.000s (-26.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.668s	30	1.63x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.378s (+2.2%)	1.981s (+1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	1.984s (+1.7%)	0.606s	31	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.296s (-36.9% 🟢)	4.557s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-53.8% 🟢)	4.944s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.648s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.359s (-18.3% 🟢)	4.921s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.395s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.036s	12	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.814s (+7.0% 🔺)	5.420s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.334s (+2.6%)	1.520s	10	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.680s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.304s (-4.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.330s (-4.2%)	0.650s	26	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.673s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+88.2% 🔺)	3.676s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.527s	17	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.393s (-1.9%)	4.060s (+1.7%)	0.001s (-47.1% 🟢)	4.099s (+1.7%)	0.706s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.514s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.027s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+70.7% 🔺)	4.031s (+3.2%)	0.518s	15	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.555s (+4.7%)	6.092s (+16.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.534s (+15.3% 🔺)	1.979s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.925s (+9.7% 🔺)	6.141s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.527s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.602s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.586s (+3.1%)	8.232s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.210s (+3.0%)	1.624s	7	1.67x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Express	13/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	18/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2818. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Fixes#2809.

The eager Next builder's dev watcher already ignores hardcoded output directories such as /.next/, /dist/, and /build/. When a Next app configures a custom distDir such as .next-dev, that output directory was not ignored, so Next compiler output could be treated as a workflow source change and trigger a rebuild loop.

Fix

Keep the existing watcher logic in place and add the configured distDir to the same local ignore check as the generated workflow directory.

Validation

I first validated the temporary regression test passed, then removed it so we do not introduce a new builder-eager test file just for this.

Manual validation used workbench/nextjs-webpack with a temporary distDir: '.next-dev' in next.config.ts:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter workflow... build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/ai... build
PORT=3211 WORKFLOW_DEV_HMR_LOGS=1 corepack pnpm@10.20.0 dev
curl -sS -o /tmp/workflow-next-webpack.out -w '%{http_code}\n' http://localhost:3211/

Observed result:

• initial workflow compile ran once
• app request returned 200
• .next-dev was created
• no repeated workflow dev hmr rebuild messages appeared over two 30-second quiet windows after the page compile

Also verified:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next test
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 exec biome check packages/next/src/builder-eager.ts .changeset/fix-next-custom-distdir-watch.md

@workflow/next tests passed: 4 files, 25 tests. Biome exits 0 with existing complexity warnings in the older watcher functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b46e221

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (+4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.959s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+4.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s (-3.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.955s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.087s (+33.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.248s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.491s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.243s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.263s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.702s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.439s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.303s (+61.3% 🔺)	1.817s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.514s	10	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.936s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.081s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.753s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.283s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.554s (+9.6% 🔺)	3.211s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.657s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+0.7%)	3.907s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.543s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.379s (-1.2%)	11.017s (~)	0.638s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.464s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.557s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.481s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.544s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.491s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.533s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.755s (+0.6%)	13.441s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.686s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.893s (+1.9%)	13.846s (-0.8%)	1.953s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.864s (~)	14.240s (~)	1.376s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.633s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.393s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.657s (~)	14.219s (+1.4%)	0.562s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.262s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.851s (+1.0%)	14.228s (+1.4%)	0.378s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.532s (-0.8%)	17.952s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.420s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.305s (+6.9% 🔺)	18.967s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.663s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.042s (~)	19.385s (-1.9%)	1.343s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	11.691s (-5.2% 🟢)	12.016s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.325s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.198s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.828s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.315s (+0.6%)	13.027s (~)	0.713s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.396s (+1.4%)	13.026s (~)	0.630s	7	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.857s (+3.2%)	19.309s (+0.6%)	1.452s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.558s (+14.5% 🔺)	21.233s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.675s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.294s (+3.0%)	21.559s (-0.6%)	1.265s	5	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.132s (-4.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.876s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.413s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.416s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.488s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.074s (+3.4%)	0.586s	15	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.106s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.411s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.305s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.158s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.964s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.806s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.353s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.587s (-1.1%)	1.233s	7	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.215s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.791s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-4.6%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.635s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	2.445s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.563s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.549s (+9.9% 🔺)	3.111s (+3.4%)	0.561s	10	2.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.418s (-4.4%)	3.857s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.440s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.622s (+0.6%)	3.792s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.170s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.065s (+22.1% 🔺)	5.062s (+3.1%)	0.997s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.493s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.761s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.268s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.158s (-3.2%)	5.013s (+2.9%)	0.855s	6	2.79x
💻 Local	Express	4.195s (-5.0%)	5.014s (-3.2%)	0.819s	6	2.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.900s (+4.3%)	5.683s (+3.1%)	0.783s	6	3.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.877s (+1.7%)	4.459s (-1.1%)	1.582s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.894s (-0.9%)	4.659s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.765s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.166s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.546s (-3.9%)	1.379s	6	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.447s (+2.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.560s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.455s (-3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.071s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.346s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.275s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.124s (+11.8% 🔺)	3.952s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.829s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.209s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.530s (-3.7%)	1.321s	7	1.55x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.077s (+3.5%)	0.828s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.453s (-1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.555s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.511s (+2.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.498s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.671s (-5.0%)	3.209s (-4.0%)	0.538s	10	2.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.395s (-22.8% 🟢)	3.772s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.377s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.556s (+16.4% 🔺)	4.056s (+15.7% 🔺)	1.500s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.737s (+18.5% 🔺)	5.039s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.301s	7	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.576s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.106s	9	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.611s (+29.3% 🔺)	5.850s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.239s	6	3.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.631s (-16.1% 🟢)	5.848s (-2.8%)	1.217s	6	3.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.849s (+8.2% 🔺)	6.216s (+3.4%)	0.367s	5	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.707s (+6.2% 🔺)	3.918s (+2.9%)	1.211s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.833s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.263s (-3.9%)	1.431s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.639s (+2.8%)	6.280s (+2.2%)	1.642s	5	1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-23.0% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.560s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.604s (~)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.418s	59	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.609s (+1.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.397s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.639s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.383s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+4.9%)	3.933s (-0.9%)	1.323s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.675s (+2.7%)	4.323s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.648s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.747s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.298s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.551s	12	1.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.990s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.271s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.281s	72	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.474s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.532s	45	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (-4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.448s	45	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.116s (+5.0% 🔺)	7.707s (+3.0%)	1.591s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.171s (+5.7% 🔺)	7.612s (+3.2%)	1.441s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.388s (+1.7%)	9.793s (+2.2%)	1.405s	10	1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.116s (-25.7% 🟢)	2.562s (-20.4% 🟢)	0.446s	47	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.241s (-2.7%)	3.977s (-0.8%)	0.736s	31	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.355s (+5.6% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.654s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.398s (-0.9%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.645s	30	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.242s (+6.5% 🔺)	14.110s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.869s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.299s (+5.2% 🔺)	13.652s (-1.3%)	1.353s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.142s (~)	18.487s (-1.2%)	1.345s	7	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.177s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.828s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.524s (+1.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.480s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.560s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.445s	60	3.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.627s (-2.4%)	1.022s (~)	0.395s	59	3.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.072s (-4.8%)	2.283s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.211s	27	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.148s (+4.8%)	2.540s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.391s	24	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.199s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.377s (+0.5%)	1.177s	18	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.259s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.748s	90	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-3.0%)	3.009s (-1.1%)	0.555s	30	9.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.404s	30	10.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.620s (+3.7%)	3.010s (~)	0.390s	30	10.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.353s (+2.3%)	2.742s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.389s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.692s (+18.7% 🔺)	3.144s (+3.0%)	1.452s	29	1.25x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.905s (+12.1% 🔺)	4.522s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.616s	20	2.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.504s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.047s (-2.8%)	0.544s	115	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.284s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.667s (~)	3.383s	14	10.49x
💻 Local	Express	5.295s (-11.4% 🟢)	8.490s (~)	3.194s	15	10.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.286s (-2.3%)	9.028s (-2.3%)	2.742s	14	12.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.979s (+23.3% 🔺)	3.531s (-2.9%)	1.551s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.430s (+45.9% 🔺)	4.286s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.856s	28	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.362s (+3.8%)	5.912s (+3.2%)	1.550s	21	2.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.119s (-3.7%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.890s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	1.967s (~)	0.011s (+2.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.878s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.157s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.862s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.176s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.996s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.287s (+1.5%)	5.411s (+230.4% 🔺)	9.132s (+70.8% 🔺)	7.136s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.041s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.630s (+22.6% 🔺)	5.375s (+192.3% 🔺)	9.487s (+81.7% 🔺)	7.445s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.899s (+22.4% 🔺)	4.512s (+29.0% 🔺)	5.371s (+268.9% 🔺)	10.873s (+68.9% 🔺)	6.974s	10	1.95x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (-3.5%)	2.066s (+3.1%)	0.005s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.089s (+3.0%)	0.517s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.582s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.013s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.442s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.588s (-0.8%)	1.970s (~)	0.012s (~)	2.026s (~)	0.438s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.606s (+1.5%)	2.011s (-1.4%)	0.013s (~)	2.027s (-1.5%)	0.422s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.694s (+4.9%)	6.883s (-2.4%)	0.704s (+215.5% 🔺)	7.976s (+2.5%)	2.282s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.769s (+1.4%)	7.556s (+14.6% 🔺)	0.096s (-59.0% 🟢)	8.139s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.370s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.795s (+3.0%)	10.686s (+1.4%)	1.038s (+374.6% 🔺)	12.616s (+9.2% 🔺)	2.821s	5	1.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.826s (-2.5%)	1.174s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+112.0% 🔺)	1.207s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.381s	50	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.323s (-2.4%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.922s (~)	0.599s	32	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-3.7%)	1.979s (~)	0.000s (-26.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.668s	30	1.63x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.378s (+2.2%)	1.981s (+1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	1.984s (+1.7%)	0.606s	31	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.296s (-36.9% 🟢)	4.557s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-53.8% 🟢)	4.944s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.648s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.359s (-18.3% 🟢)	4.921s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.395s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.036s	12	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.814s (+7.0% 🔺)	5.420s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.334s (+2.6%)	1.520s	10	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.680s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.304s (-4.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.330s (-4.2%)	0.650s	26	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.673s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+88.2% 🔺)	3.676s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.527s	17	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.393s (-1.9%)	4.060s (+1.7%)	0.001s (-47.1% 🟢)	4.099s (+1.7%)	0.706s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.514s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.027s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+70.7% 🔺)	4.031s (+3.2%)	0.518s	15	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.555s (+4.7%)	6.092s (+16.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.534s (+15.3% 🔺)	1.979s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.925s (+9.7% 🔺)	6.141s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.527s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.602s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.586s (+3.1%)	8.232s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.210s (+3.0%)	1.624s	7	1.67x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Express	13/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	18/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2818. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Fixes#2809.

The eager Next builder's dev watcher already ignores hardcoded output directories such as /.next/, /dist/, and /build/. When a Next app configures a custom distDir such as .next-dev, that output directory was not ignored, so Next compiler output could be treated as a workflow source change and trigger a rebuild loop.

Fix

Keep the existing watcher logic in place and add the configured distDir to the same local ignore check as the generated workflow directory.

Validation

I first validated the temporary regression test passed, then removed it so we do not introduce a new builder-eager test file just for this.

Manual validation used workbench/nextjs-webpack with a temporary distDir: '.next-dev' in next.config.ts:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter workflow... build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/ai... build
PORT=3211 WORKFLOW_DEV_HMR_LOGS=1 corepack pnpm@10.20.0 dev
curl -sS -o /tmp/workflow-next-webpack.out -w '%{http_code}\n' http://localhost:3211/

Observed result:

• initial workflow compile ran once
• app request returned 200
• .next-dev was created
• no repeated workflow dev hmr rebuild messages appeared over two 30-second quiet windows after the page compile

Also verified:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next test
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 exec biome check packages/next/src/builder-eager.ts .changeset/fix-next-custom-distdir-watch.md

@workflow/next tests passed: 4 files, 25 tests. Biome exits 0 with existing complexity warnings in the older watcher functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b46e221

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (+4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.959s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+4.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s (-3.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.955s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.087s (+33.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.248s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.491s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.243s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.263s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.702s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.439s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.303s (+61.3% 🔺)	1.817s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.514s	10	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.936s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.081s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.753s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.283s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.554s (+9.6% 🔺)	3.211s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.657s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+0.7%)	3.907s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.543s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.379s (-1.2%)	11.017s (~)	0.638s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.464s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.557s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.481s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.544s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.491s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.533s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.755s (+0.6%)	13.441s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.686s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.893s (+1.9%)	13.846s (-0.8%)	1.953s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.864s (~)	14.240s (~)	1.376s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.633s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.393s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.657s (~)	14.219s (+1.4%)	0.562s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.262s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.851s (+1.0%)	14.228s (+1.4%)	0.378s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.532s (-0.8%)	17.952s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.420s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.305s (+6.9% 🔺)	18.967s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.663s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.042s (~)	19.385s (-1.9%)	1.343s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	11.691s (-5.2% 🟢)	12.016s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.325s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.198s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.828s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.315s (+0.6%)	13.027s (~)	0.713s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.396s (+1.4%)	13.026s (~)	0.630s	7	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.857s (+3.2%)	19.309s (+0.6%)	1.452s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.558s (+14.5% 🔺)	21.233s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.675s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.294s (+3.0%)	21.559s (-0.6%)	1.265s	5	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.132s (-4.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.876s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.413s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.416s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.488s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.074s (+3.4%)	0.586s	15	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.106s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.411s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.305s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.158s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.964s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.806s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.353s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.587s (-1.1%)	1.233s	7	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.215s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.791s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-4.6%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.635s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	2.445s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.563s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.549s (+9.9% 🔺)	3.111s (+3.4%)	0.561s	10	2.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.418s (-4.4%)	3.857s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.440s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.622s (+0.6%)	3.792s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.170s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.065s (+22.1% 🔺)	5.062s (+3.1%)	0.997s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.493s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.761s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.268s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.158s (-3.2%)	5.013s (+2.9%)	0.855s	6	2.79x
💻 Local	Express	4.195s (-5.0%)	5.014s (-3.2%)	0.819s	6	2.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.900s (+4.3%)	5.683s (+3.1%)	0.783s	6	3.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.877s (+1.7%)	4.459s (-1.1%)	1.582s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.894s (-0.9%)	4.659s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.765s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.166s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.546s (-3.9%)	1.379s	6	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.447s (+2.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.560s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.455s (-3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.071s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.346s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.275s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.124s (+11.8% 🔺)	3.952s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.829s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.209s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.530s (-3.7%)	1.321s	7	1.55x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.077s (+3.5%)	0.828s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.453s (-1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.555s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.511s (+2.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.498s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.671s (-5.0%)	3.209s (-4.0%)	0.538s	10	2.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.395s (-22.8% 🟢)	3.772s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.377s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.556s (+16.4% 🔺)	4.056s (+15.7% 🔺)	1.500s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.737s (+18.5% 🔺)	5.039s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.301s	7	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.576s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.106s	9	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.611s (+29.3% 🔺)	5.850s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.239s	6	3.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.631s (-16.1% 🟢)	5.848s (-2.8%)	1.217s	6	3.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.849s (+8.2% 🔺)	6.216s (+3.4%)	0.367s	5	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.707s (+6.2% 🔺)	3.918s (+2.9%)	1.211s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.833s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.263s (-3.9%)	1.431s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.639s (+2.8%)	6.280s (+2.2%)	1.642s	5	1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-23.0% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.560s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.604s (~)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.418s	59	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.609s (+1.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.397s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.639s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.383s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+4.9%)	3.933s (-0.9%)	1.323s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.675s (+2.7%)	4.323s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.648s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.747s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.298s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.551s	12	1.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.990s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.271s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.281s	72	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.474s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.532s	45	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (-4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.448s	45	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.116s (+5.0% 🔺)	7.707s (+3.0%)	1.591s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.171s (+5.7% 🔺)	7.612s (+3.2%)	1.441s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.388s (+1.7%)	9.793s (+2.2%)	1.405s	10	1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.116s (-25.7% 🟢)	2.562s (-20.4% 🟢)	0.446s	47	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.241s (-2.7%)	3.977s (-0.8%)	0.736s	31	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.355s (+5.6% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.654s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.398s (-0.9%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.645s	30	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.242s (+6.5% 🔺)	14.110s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.869s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.299s (+5.2% 🔺)	13.652s (-1.3%)	1.353s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.142s (~)	18.487s (-1.2%)	1.345s	7	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.177s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.828s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.524s (+1.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.480s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.560s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.445s	60	3.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.627s (-2.4%)	1.022s (~)	0.395s	59	3.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.072s (-4.8%)	2.283s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.211s	27	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.148s (+4.8%)	2.540s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.391s	24	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.199s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.377s (+0.5%)	1.177s	18	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.259s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.748s	90	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-3.0%)	3.009s (-1.1%)	0.555s	30	9.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.404s	30	10.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.620s (+3.7%)	3.010s (~)	0.390s	30	10.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.353s (+2.3%)	2.742s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.389s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.692s (+18.7% 🔺)	3.144s (+3.0%)	1.452s	29	1.25x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.905s (+12.1% 🔺)	4.522s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.616s	20	2.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.504s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.047s (-2.8%)	0.544s	115	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.284s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.667s (~)	3.383s	14	10.49x
💻 Local	Express	5.295s (-11.4% 🟢)	8.490s (~)	3.194s	15	10.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.286s (-2.3%)	9.028s (-2.3%)	2.742s	14	12.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.979s (+23.3% 🔺)	3.531s (-2.9%)	1.551s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.430s (+45.9% 🔺)	4.286s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.856s	28	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.362s (+3.8%)	5.912s (+3.2%)	1.550s	21	2.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.119s (-3.7%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.890s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	1.967s (~)	0.011s (+2.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.878s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.157s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.862s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.176s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.996s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.287s (+1.5%)	5.411s (+230.4% 🔺)	9.132s (+70.8% 🔺)	7.136s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.041s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.630s (+22.6% 🔺)	5.375s (+192.3% 🔺)	9.487s (+81.7% 🔺)	7.445s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.899s (+22.4% 🔺)	4.512s (+29.0% 🔺)	5.371s (+268.9% 🔺)	10.873s (+68.9% 🔺)	6.974s	10	1.95x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (-3.5%)	2.066s (+3.1%)	0.005s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.089s (+3.0%)	0.517s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.582s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.013s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.442s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.588s (-0.8%)	1.970s (~)	0.012s (~)	2.026s (~)	0.438s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.606s (+1.5%)	2.011s (-1.4%)	0.013s (~)	2.027s (-1.5%)	0.422s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.694s (+4.9%)	6.883s (-2.4%)	0.704s (+215.5% 🔺)	7.976s (+2.5%)	2.282s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.769s (+1.4%)	7.556s (+14.6% 🔺)	0.096s (-59.0% 🟢)	8.139s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.370s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.795s (+3.0%)	10.686s (+1.4%)	1.038s (+374.6% 🔺)	12.616s (+9.2% 🔺)	2.821s	5	1.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.826s (-2.5%)	1.174s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+112.0% 🔺)	1.207s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.381s	50	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.323s (-2.4%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.922s (~)	0.599s	32	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-3.7%)	1.979s (~)	0.000s (-26.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.668s	30	1.63x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.378s (+2.2%)	1.981s (+1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	1.984s (+1.7%)	0.606s	31	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.296s (-36.9% 🟢)	4.557s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-53.8% 🟢)	4.944s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.648s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.359s (-18.3% 🟢)	4.921s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.395s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.036s	12	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.814s (+7.0% 🔺)	5.420s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.334s (+2.6%)	1.520s	10	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.680s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.304s (-4.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.330s (-4.2%)	0.650s	26	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.673s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+88.2% 🔺)	3.676s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.527s	17	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.393s (-1.9%)	4.060s (+1.7%)	0.001s (-47.1% 🟢)	4.099s (+1.7%)	0.706s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.514s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.027s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+70.7% 🔺)	4.031s (+3.2%)	0.518s	15	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.555s (+4.7%)	6.092s (+16.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.534s (+15.3% 🔺)	1.979s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.925s (+9.7% 🔺)	6.141s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.527s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.602s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.586s (+3.1%)	8.232s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.210s (+3.0%)	1.624s	7	1.67x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Express	13/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	18/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

Backport PR opened against stable: #2818. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)

[NathanColosimo]

Summary

Fixes#2809.

The eager Next builder's dev watcher already ignores hardcoded output directories such as /.next/, /dist/, and /build/. When a Next app configures a custom distDir such as .next-dev, that output directory was not ignored, so Next compiler output could be treated as a workflow source change and trigger a rebuild loop.

Fix

Keep the existing watcher logic in place and add the configured distDir to the same local ignore check as the generated workflow directory.

Validation

I first validated the temporary regression test passed, then removed it so we do not introduce a new builder-eager test file just for this.

Manual validation used workbench/nextjs-webpack with a temporary distDir: '.next-dev' in next.config.ts:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter workflow... build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/ai... build
PORT=3211 WORKFLOW_DEV_HMR_LOGS=1 corepack pnpm@10.20.0 dev
curl -sS -o /tmp/workflow-next-webpack.out -w '%{http_code}\n' http://localhost:3211/

Observed result:

• initial workflow compile ran once
• app request returned 200
• .next-dev was created
• no repeated workflow dev hmr rebuild messages appeared over two 30-second quiet windows after the page compile

Also verified:

corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next test
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 --filter @workflow/next build
corepack pnpm@10.20.0 exec biome check packages/next/src/builder-eager.ts .changeset/fix-next-custom-distdir-watch.md

@workflow/next tests passed: 4 files, 25 tests. Biome exits 0 with existing complexity warnings in the older watcher functions.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: b46e221

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/vitest	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/web	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-tanstack-start-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-tarballs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am
workflow-web	Ready	Preview, Comment	Jul 8, 2026 12:26am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.047s (+4.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.959s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.048s (+4.3%)	1.006s (~)	0.958s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.051s (-3.6%)	1.006s (~)	0.955s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.087s (+33.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.0%)	0.935s	10	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.248s (+10.4% 🔺)	1.491s (-27.1% 🟢)	1.243s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.263s (+8.0% 🔺)	1.702s (-28.4% 🟢)	1.439s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.303s (+61.3% 🔺)	1.817s (-10.4% 🟢)	1.514s	10	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.3%)	2.009s (~)	0.936s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.081s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.925s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.085s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.086s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.921s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.753s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.283s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.554s (+9.6% 🔺)	3.211s (+13.7% 🔺)	1.657s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+0.7%)	3.907s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.543s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	10.379s (-1.2%)	11.017s (~)	0.638s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.464s (~)	11.021s (~)	0.557s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.481s (~)	11.025s (~)	0.544s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.491s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.533s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.755s (+0.6%)	13.441s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.686s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.893s (+1.9%)	13.846s (-0.8%)	1.953s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.864s (~)	14.240s (~)	1.376s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	13.633s (~)	14.026s (~)	0.393s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.657s (~)	14.219s (+1.4%)	0.562s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.765s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.262s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.851s (+1.0%)	14.228s (+1.4%)	0.378s	5	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.532s (-0.8%)	17.952s (-5.3% 🟢)	1.420s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.305s (+6.9% 🔺)	18.967s (+8.8% 🔺)	1.663s	4	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.042s (~)	19.385s (-1.9%)	1.343s	4	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	11.691s (-5.2% 🟢)	12.016s (-7.7% 🟢)	0.325s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	12.198s (~)	13.025s (~)	0.828s	7	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.315s (+0.6%)	13.027s (~)	0.713s	7	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.396s (+1.4%)	13.026s (~)	0.630s	7	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	17.857s (+3.2%)	19.309s (+0.6%)	1.452s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	19.558s (+14.5% 🔺)	21.233s (+13.1% 🔺)	1.675s	5	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.294s (+3.0%)	21.559s (-0.6%)	1.265s	5	1.14x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.132s (-4.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.876s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.413s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Express	1.416s (-1.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.25x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.488s (+5.8% 🔺)	2.074s (+3.4%)	0.586s	15	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.106s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.411s (-12.6% 🟢)	1.305s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.158s (-5.6% 🟢)	3.964s (+10.0% 🔺)	1.806s	8	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.353s (+14.1% 🔺)	4.587s (-1.1%)	1.233s	7	1.59x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.215s (-13.2% 🟢)	2.006s (-18.8% 🟢)	0.791s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.374s (-4.6%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.635s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Express	2.445s (-7.9% 🟢)	3.008s (-3.2%)	0.563s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.549s (+9.9% 🔺)	3.111s (+3.4%)	0.561s	10	2.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.418s (-4.4%)	3.857s (+8.4% 🔺)	1.440s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.622s (+0.6%)	3.792s (-7.9% 🟢)	1.170s	9	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.065s (+22.1% 🔺)	5.062s (+3.1%)	0.997s	6	1.68x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.493s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.761s (-9.1% 🟢)	2.268s	8	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.158s (-3.2%)	5.013s (+2.9%)	0.855s	6	2.79x
💻 Local	Express	4.195s (-5.0%)	5.014s (-3.2%)	0.819s	6	2.81x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.900s (+4.3%)	5.683s (+3.1%)	0.783s	6	3.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.877s (+1.7%)	4.459s (-1.1%)	1.582s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.894s (-0.9%)	4.659s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.765s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.166s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.546s (-3.9%)	1.379s	6	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.174s (-1.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.837s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (-1.9%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.21x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.447s (+2.3%)	2.007s (~)	0.560s	15	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.455s (-3.0%)	2.007s (~)	0.551s	15	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.071s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.346s (-8.5% 🟢)	1.275s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.124s (+11.8% 🔺)	3.952s (+18.1% 🔺)	1.829s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.209s (+7.9% 🔺)	4.530s (-3.7%)	1.321s	7	1.55x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.249s (-5.3% 🟢)	2.077s (+3.5%)	0.828s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.453s (-1.4%)	3.009s (~)	0.555s	10	1.96x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.511s (+2.8%)	3.009s (~)	0.498s	10	2.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.671s (-5.0%)	3.209s (-4.0%)	0.538s	10	2.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.395s (-22.8% 🟢)	3.772s (-17.6% 🟢)	1.377s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.556s (+16.4% 🔺)	4.056s (+15.7% 🔺)	1.500s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.737s (+18.5% 🔺)	5.039s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.301s	7	1.56x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.470s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.576s (-16.8% 🟢)	2.106s	9	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	4.611s (+29.3% 🔺)	5.850s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.239s	6	3.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.631s (-16.1% 🟢)	5.848s (-2.8%)	1.217s	6	3.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.849s (+8.2% 🔺)	6.216s (+3.4%)	0.367s	5	3.98x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.707s (+6.2% 🔺)	3.918s (+2.9%)	1.211s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.833s (+6.4% 🔺)	4.263s (-3.9%)	1.431s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.639s (+2.8%)	6.280s (+2.2%)	1.642s	5	1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.463s (-23.0% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.560s	59	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.604s (~)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.418s	59	1.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.609s (+1.7%)	1.005s (~)	0.397s	60	1.31x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.639s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.383s	59	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.610s (+4.9%)	3.933s (-0.9%)	1.323s	16	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.675s (+2.7%)	4.323s (+7.7% 🔺)	1.648s	14	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.747s (-7.5% 🟢)	5.298s (-6.4% 🟢)	1.551s	12	1.44x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.990s (-29.0% 🟢)	1.271s (-37.4% 🟢)	0.281s	72	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.474s (-1.3%)	2.006s (~)	0.532s	45	1.49x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.508s (-4.2%)	2.006s (~)	0.498s	45	1.52x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.558s (+7.7% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.448s	45	1.57x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	6.116s (+5.0% 🔺)	7.707s (+3.0%)	1.591s	12	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.171s (+5.7% 🔺)	7.612s (+3.2%)	1.441s	12	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.388s (+1.7%)	9.793s (+2.2%)	1.405s	10	1.37x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	2.116s (-25.7% 🟢)	2.562s (-20.4% 🟢)	0.446s	47	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.241s (-2.7%)	3.977s (-0.8%)	0.736s	31	1.53x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.355s (+5.6% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.654s	30	1.59x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.398s (-0.9%)	4.043s (+0.8%)	0.645s	30	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	12.242s (+6.5% 🔺)	14.110s (+9.1% 🔺)	1.869s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	12.299s (+5.2% 🔺)	13.652s (-1.3%)	1.353s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.142s (~)	18.487s (-1.2%)	1.345s	7	1.40x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.177s (-20.0% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.828s	60	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.524s (+1.5%)	1.005s (~)	0.480s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.560s (+9.3% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.445s	60	3.17x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.627s (-2.4%)	1.022s (~)	0.395s	59	3.55x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.072s (-4.8%)	2.283s (-13.2% 🟢)	1.211s	27	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.148s (+4.8%)	2.540s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.391s	24	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.199s (+12.3% 🔺)	3.377s (+0.5%)	1.177s	18	2.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.259s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.008s (~)	0.748s	90	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.454s (-3.0%)	3.009s (-1.1%)	0.555s	30	9.47x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.605s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.008s (-4.4%)	0.404s	30	10.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.620s (+3.7%)	3.010s (~)	0.390s	30	10.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.353s (+2.3%)	2.742s (+10.1% 🔺)	1.389s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	1.692s (+18.7% 🔺)	3.144s (+3.0%)	1.452s	29	1.25x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.905s (+12.1% 🔺)	4.522s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.616s	20	2.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.504s (-12.1% 🟢)	1.047s (-2.8%)	0.544s	115	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.284s (-9.7% 🟢)	8.667s (~)	3.383s	14	10.49x
💻 Local	Express	5.295s (-11.4% 🟢)	8.490s (~)	3.194s	15	10.51x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.286s (-2.3%)	9.028s (-2.3%)	2.742s	14	12.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.979s (+23.3% 🔺)	3.531s (-2.9%)	1.551s	34	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.430s (+45.9% 🔺)	4.286s (+21.1% 🔺)	1.856s	28	1.23x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.362s (+3.8%)	5.912s (+3.2%)	1.550s	21	2.20x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.119s (-3.7%)	1.998s (~)	0.001s (-41.7% 🟢)	2.008s (~)	0.890s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.140s (~)	1.967s (~)	0.011s (+2.9%)	2.018s (~)	0.878s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.157s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.012s (+8.8% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.862s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.176s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.013s (+19.0% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.996s (+5.6% 🔺)	3.287s (+1.5%)	5.411s (+230.4% 🔺)	9.132s (+70.8% 🔺)	7.136s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.041s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.630s (+22.6% 🔺)	5.375s (+192.3% 🔺)	9.487s (+81.7% 🔺)	7.445s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.899s (+22.4% 🔺)	4.512s (+29.0% 🔺)	5.371s (+268.9% 🔺)	10.873s (+68.9% 🔺)	6.974s	10	1.95x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.572s (-3.5%)	2.066s (+3.1%)	0.005s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.089s (+3.0%)	0.517s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.582s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.013s (+5.6% 🔺)	2.024s (~)	0.442s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.588s (-0.8%)	1.970s (~)	0.012s (~)	2.026s (~)	0.438s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.606s (+1.5%)	2.011s (-1.4%)	0.013s (~)	2.027s (-1.5%)	0.422s	30	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.694s (+4.9%)	6.883s (-2.4%)	0.704s (+215.5% 🔺)	7.976s (+2.5%)	2.282s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.769s (+1.4%)	7.556s (+14.6% 🔺)	0.096s (-59.0% 🟢)	8.139s (+9.8% 🔺)	2.370s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.795s (+3.0%)	10.686s (+1.4%)	1.038s (+374.6% 🔺)	12.616s (+9.2% 🔺)	2.821s	5	1.72x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.826s (-2.5%)	1.174s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+112.0% 🔺)	1.207s (+5.7% 🔺)	0.381s	50	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.323s (-2.4%)	1.920s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.922s (~)	0.599s	32	1.60x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-3.7%)	1.979s (~)	0.000s (-26.3% 🟢)	2.017s (~)	0.668s	30	1.63x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.378s (+2.2%)	1.981s (+1.7%)	0.000s (+133.3% 🔺)	1.984s (+1.7%)	0.606s	31	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.296s (-36.9% 🟢)	4.557s (-31.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-53.8% 🟢)	4.944s (-30.8% 🟢)	1.648s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.359s (-18.3% 🟢)	4.921s (-6.3% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	5.395s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.036s	12	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.814s (+7.0% 🔺)	5.420s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	6.334s (+2.6%)	1.520s	10	1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.680s (-5.7% 🟢)	2.304s (-4.7%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.330s (-4.2%)	0.650s	26	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	3.149s (-5.2% 🟢)	3.673s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.000s (+88.2% 🔺)	3.676s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.527s	17	1.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.393s (-1.9%)	4.060s (+1.7%)	0.001s (-47.1% 🟢)	4.099s (+1.7%)	0.706s	15	2.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.514s (+8.3% 🔺)	4.027s (+3.2%)	0.001s (+70.7% 🔺)	4.031s (+3.2%)	0.518s	15	2.09x
🐘 Postgres	Express	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	4.555s (+4.7%)	6.092s (+16.0% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.534s (+15.3% 🔺)	1.979s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.925s (+9.7% 🔺)	6.141s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.527s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.602s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.586s (+3.1%)	8.232s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	9.210s (+3.0%)	1.624s	7	1.67x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	21/21
▲ Vercel	Express	13/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	18/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	20/21

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

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🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1453	0	230	1683
✅ 💻 Local Development	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 📦 Local Production	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1617	0	219	1836
✅ 🪟 Windows	153	0	0	153
✅ 📋 Other	894	0	177	1071
Total	7351	0	1064	8415

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	126	0	27
✅ example	126	0	27
✅ express	126	0	27
✅ fastify	126	0	27
✅ hono	126	0	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	150	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	150	0	3
✅ nitro	126	0	27
✅ nuxt	126	0	27
✅ sveltekit	145	0	8
✅ vite	126	0	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	128	0	25
✅ express-stable	128	0	25
✅ fastify-stable	128	0	25
✅ hono-stable	128	0	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	134	0	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	153	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	128	0	25
✅ nuxt-stable	128	0	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	147	0	6
✅ vite-stable	128	0	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	153	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	128	0	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	128	0	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	126	0	27

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Backport PR opened against stable: #2818. Merge conflicts were resolved by AI — please review carefully. (backport job run)