[web] Visually distinguish createdAt vs startedAt for run/steps

[VaguelySerious]

We now show a dotted line between the createdAt and startedAt times for runs/steps

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 18aa696

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-2.3%)	1.013s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.0%)	1.017s (~)	0.975s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.046s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.963s	10	1.21x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (-48.6% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.960s	10	1.41x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.084s (-24.5% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.929s	10	2.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.882s	10	3.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.275s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.738s	10	7.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.356s (-3.4%)	1.014s (~)	0.658s	10	9.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.509s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.387s (-16.3% 🟢)	0.878s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.512s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.399s (-22.5% 🟢)	0.887s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.559s (-19.2% 🟢)	1.413s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.854s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.094s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s (+1.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (-0.8%)	2.012s (~)	0.735s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (-0.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.708s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.925s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.019s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.094s	10	1.76x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.113s (-4.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.903s	10	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.204s (-1.2%)	3.015s (~)	0.811s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.539s (-2.3%)	3.542s (+1.1%)	1.002s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.571s (-3.9%)	3.472s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.901s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.674s (~)	3.471s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.797s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.596s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.415s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.651s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.367s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.696s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.321s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.785s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.227s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.790s (~)	11.008s (~)	0.218s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.028s (~)	0.832s	5	1.15x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.230s (-0.8%)	13.026s (~)	0.796s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.252s (-1.2%)	16.041s (-1.2%)	0.788s	5	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.423s (+12.8% 🔺)	21.031s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.466s (+1.0%)	21.034s (~)	0.567s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.513s (-4.4%)	21.368s (-3.7%)	0.855s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.776s (-3.1%)	21.490s (-3.2%)	0.714s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.592s (+2.0%)	22.599s (+3.3%)	1.007s	5	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 parallel steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.664s	5	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.350s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.659s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (-2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.655s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.624s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.423s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	5	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.774s (-1.6%)	2.015s (~)	0.240s	5	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (+0.9%)	3.015s (~)	0.877s	5	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.220s (+1.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.790s	5	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.584s (-2.6%)	3.013s (~)	0.429s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.587s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.425s	5	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.887s (-3.7%)	4.595s (-3.8%)	0.708s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.044s (-1.4%)	4.597s (-4.1%)	0.553s	5	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.630s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.500s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.870s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.all with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.623s (+0.8%)	7.075s (+1.7%)	0.452s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.168s (+1.2%)	8.471s (+2.1%)	0.303s	4	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.163s (+0.6%)	9.408s (+1.1%)	0.245s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.168s (+2.8%)	9.592s (+4.1%)	0.423s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.219s (+9.4% 🔺)	9.586s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.367s	4	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.533s (-6.0% 🟢)	13.669s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.135s	3	2.04x
💻 Local	Express	13.570s (-1.1%)	13.663s (-2.3%)	0.093s	3	2.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.468s (-1.3%)	14.685s (-2.3%)	0.217s	3	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.012s (-1.0%)	20.554s (~)	0.542s	2	3.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.277s (+2.2%)	20.528s (~)	0.250s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.618s (+14.2% 🔺)	19.293s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.675s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.073s (-59.8% 🟢)	19.972s (-58.6% 🟢)	0.898s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s	20.948s	0.644s	2	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.race with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.595s (-2.3%)	6.840s (-1.4%)	0.245s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.716s (+2.5%)	9.446s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.730s	4	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.248s (-4.6%)	9.674s (-4.5%)	0.426s	4	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.611s (~)	9.818s (-2.1%)	0.207s	4	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.628s (-3.6%)	10.185s (+1.2%)	0.558s	3	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.809s (-1.3%)	15.036s (-2.6%)	0.227s	3	2.25x
💻 Local	Express	14.954s (-2.3%)	15.103s (-2.5%)	0.149s	3	2.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.111s (-8.3% 🟢)	17.415s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.304s	2	2.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.061s (~)	20.563s (~)	0.502s	2	3.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.166s (+0.6%)	20.532s (~)	0.367s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.110s (+26.4% 🔺)	21.109s (+25.9% 🔺)	1.000s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.370s (+3.3%)	21.465s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.094s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.496s (+27.6% 🔺)	21.364s (+26.8% 🔺)	0.868s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-4.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-3.1%)	1.027s (~)	0.886s	10	1.09x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.146s (+2.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (+1.2%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-2.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+1.4%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.461s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.988s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.551s	10	3.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s (+0.6%)	0.963s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.5%)	0.521s	10	3.82x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.229s (-4.8%)	1.484s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.718s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.490s	10	9.53x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.833s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.717s	10	10.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.360s (+2.0%)	1.760s (+3.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.013s (~)	0.653s	10	10.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.451s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.744s (-11.4% 🟢)	30.017s (+2788.5% 🔺)	33.134s (+618.6% 🔺)	30.683s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.490s (-4.3%)	3.143s (-1.5%)	0.198s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.764s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.274s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.498s (+2.2%)	2.923s (-0.7%)	0.270s (-39.6% 🟢)	3.615s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.117s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3/7

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	5/7
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/7
Nitro	💻 Local	5/7

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

We now show a dotted line between the createdAt and startedAt times for runs/steps

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 18aa696

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-2.3%)	1.013s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.0%)	1.017s (~)	0.975s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.046s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.963s	10	1.21x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (-48.6% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.960s	10	1.41x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.084s (-24.5% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.929s	10	2.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.882s	10	3.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.275s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.738s	10	7.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.356s (-3.4%)	1.014s (~)	0.658s	10	9.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.509s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.387s (-16.3% 🟢)	0.878s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.512s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.399s (-22.5% 🟢)	0.887s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.559s (-19.2% 🟢)	1.413s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.854s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.094s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s (+1.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (-0.8%)	2.012s (~)	0.735s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (-0.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.708s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.925s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.019s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.094s	10	1.76x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.113s (-4.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.903s	10	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.204s (-1.2%)	3.015s (~)	0.811s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.539s (-2.3%)	3.542s (+1.1%)	1.002s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.571s (-3.9%)	3.472s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.901s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.674s (~)	3.471s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.797s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.596s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.415s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.651s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.367s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.696s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.321s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.785s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.227s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.790s (~)	11.008s (~)	0.218s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.028s (~)	0.832s	5	1.15x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.230s (-0.8%)	13.026s (~)	0.796s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.252s (-1.2%)	16.041s (-1.2%)	0.788s	5	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.423s (+12.8% 🔺)	21.031s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.466s (+1.0%)	21.034s (~)	0.567s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.513s (-4.4%)	21.368s (-3.7%)	0.855s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.776s (-3.1%)	21.490s (-3.2%)	0.714s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.592s (+2.0%)	22.599s (+3.3%)	1.007s	5	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 parallel steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.664s	5	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.350s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.659s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (-2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.655s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.624s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.423s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	5	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.774s (-1.6%)	2.015s (~)	0.240s	5	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (+0.9%)	3.015s (~)	0.877s	5	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.220s (+1.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.790s	5	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.584s (-2.6%)	3.013s (~)	0.429s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.587s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.425s	5	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.887s (-3.7%)	4.595s (-3.8%)	0.708s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.044s (-1.4%)	4.597s (-4.1%)	0.553s	5	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.630s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.500s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.870s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.all with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.623s (+0.8%)	7.075s (+1.7%)	0.452s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.168s (+1.2%)	8.471s (+2.1%)	0.303s	4	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.163s (+0.6%)	9.408s (+1.1%)	0.245s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.168s (+2.8%)	9.592s (+4.1%)	0.423s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.219s (+9.4% 🔺)	9.586s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.367s	4	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.533s (-6.0% 🟢)	13.669s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.135s	3	2.04x
💻 Local	Express	13.570s (-1.1%)	13.663s (-2.3%)	0.093s	3	2.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.468s (-1.3%)	14.685s (-2.3%)	0.217s	3	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.012s (-1.0%)	20.554s (~)	0.542s	2	3.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.277s (+2.2%)	20.528s (~)	0.250s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.618s (+14.2% 🔺)	19.293s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.675s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.073s (-59.8% 🟢)	19.972s (-58.6% 🟢)	0.898s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s	20.948s	0.644s	2	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.race with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.595s (-2.3%)	6.840s (-1.4%)	0.245s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.716s (+2.5%)	9.446s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.730s	4	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.248s (-4.6%)	9.674s (-4.5%)	0.426s	4	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.611s (~)	9.818s (-2.1%)	0.207s	4	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.628s (-3.6%)	10.185s (+1.2%)	0.558s	3	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.809s (-1.3%)	15.036s (-2.6%)	0.227s	3	2.25x
💻 Local	Express	14.954s (-2.3%)	15.103s (-2.5%)	0.149s	3	2.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.111s (-8.3% 🟢)	17.415s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.304s	2	2.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.061s (~)	20.563s (~)	0.502s	2	3.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.166s (+0.6%)	20.532s (~)	0.367s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.110s (+26.4% 🔺)	21.109s (+25.9% 🔺)	1.000s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.370s (+3.3%)	21.465s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.094s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.496s (+27.6% 🔺)	21.364s (+26.8% 🔺)	0.868s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-4.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-3.1%)	1.027s (~)	0.886s	10	1.09x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.146s (+2.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (+1.2%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-2.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+1.4%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.461s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.988s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.551s	10	3.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s (+0.6%)	0.963s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.5%)	0.521s	10	3.82x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.229s (-4.8%)	1.484s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.718s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.490s	10	9.53x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.833s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.717s	10	10.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.360s (+2.0%)	1.760s (+3.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.013s (~)	0.653s	10	10.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.451s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.744s (-11.4% 🟢)	30.017s (+2788.5% 🔺)	33.134s (+618.6% 🔺)	30.683s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.490s (-4.3%)	3.143s (-1.5%)	0.198s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.764s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.274s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.498s (+2.2%)	2.923s (-0.7%)	0.270s (-39.6% 🟢)	3.615s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.117s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3/7

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	5/7
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/7
Nitro	💻 Local	5/7

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

We now show a dotted line between the createdAt and startedAt times for runs/steps

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 18aa696

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-2.3%)	1.013s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.0%)	1.017s (~)	0.975s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.046s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.963s	10	1.21x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (-48.6% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.960s	10	1.41x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.084s (-24.5% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.929s	10	2.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.882s	10	3.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.275s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.738s	10	7.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.356s (-3.4%)	1.014s (~)	0.658s	10	9.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.509s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.387s (-16.3% 🟢)	0.878s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.512s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.399s (-22.5% 🟢)	0.887s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.559s (-19.2% 🟢)	1.413s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.854s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.094s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s (+1.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (-0.8%)	2.012s (~)	0.735s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (-0.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.708s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.925s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.019s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.094s	10	1.76x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.113s (-4.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.903s	10	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.204s (-1.2%)	3.015s (~)	0.811s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.539s (-2.3%)	3.542s (+1.1%)	1.002s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.571s (-3.9%)	3.472s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.901s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.674s (~)	3.471s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.797s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.596s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.415s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.651s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.367s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.696s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.321s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.785s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.227s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.790s (~)	11.008s (~)	0.218s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.028s (~)	0.832s	5	1.15x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.230s (-0.8%)	13.026s (~)	0.796s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.252s (-1.2%)	16.041s (-1.2%)	0.788s	5	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.423s (+12.8% 🔺)	21.031s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.466s (+1.0%)	21.034s (~)	0.567s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.513s (-4.4%)	21.368s (-3.7%)	0.855s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.776s (-3.1%)	21.490s (-3.2%)	0.714s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.592s (+2.0%)	22.599s (+3.3%)	1.007s	5	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 parallel steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.664s	5	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.350s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.659s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (-2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.655s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.624s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.423s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	5	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.774s (-1.6%)	2.015s (~)	0.240s	5	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (+0.9%)	3.015s (~)	0.877s	5	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.220s (+1.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.790s	5	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.584s (-2.6%)	3.013s (~)	0.429s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.587s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.425s	5	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.887s (-3.7%)	4.595s (-3.8%)	0.708s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.044s (-1.4%)	4.597s (-4.1%)	0.553s	5	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.630s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.500s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.870s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.all with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.623s (+0.8%)	7.075s (+1.7%)	0.452s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.168s (+1.2%)	8.471s (+2.1%)	0.303s	4	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.163s (+0.6%)	9.408s (+1.1%)	0.245s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.168s (+2.8%)	9.592s (+4.1%)	0.423s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.219s (+9.4% 🔺)	9.586s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.367s	4	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.533s (-6.0% 🟢)	13.669s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.135s	3	2.04x
💻 Local	Express	13.570s (-1.1%)	13.663s (-2.3%)	0.093s	3	2.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.468s (-1.3%)	14.685s (-2.3%)	0.217s	3	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.012s (-1.0%)	20.554s (~)	0.542s	2	3.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.277s (+2.2%)	20.528s (~)	0.250s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.618s (+14.2% 🔺)	19.293s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.675s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.073s (-59.8% 🟢)	19.972s (-58.6% 🟢)	0.898s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s	20.948s	0.644s	2	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.race with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.595s (-2.3%)	6.840s (-1.4%)	0.245s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.716s (+2.5%)	9.446s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.730s	4	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.248s (-4.6%)	9.674s (-4.5%)	0.426s	4	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.611s (~)	9.818s (-2.1%)	0.207s	4	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.628s (-3.6%)	10.185s (+1.2%)	0.558s	3	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.809s (-1.3%)	15.036s (-2.6%)	0.227s	3	2.25x
💻 Local	Express	14.954s (-2.3%)	15.103s (-2.5%)	0.149s	3	2.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.111s (-8.3% 🟢)	17.415s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.304s	2	2.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.061s (~)	20.563s (~)	0.502s	2	3.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.166s (+0.6%)	20.532s (~)	0.367s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.110s (+26.4% 🔺)	21.109s (+25.9% 🔺)	1.000s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.370s (+3.3%)	21.465s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.094s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.496s (+27.6% 🔺)	21.364s (+26.8% 🔺)	0.868s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-4.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-3.1%)	1.027s (~)	0.886s	10	1.09x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.146s (+2.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (+1.2%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-2.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+1.4%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.461s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.988s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.551s	10	3.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s (+0.6%)	0.963s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.5%)	0.521s	10	3.82x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.229s (-4.8%)	1.484s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.718s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.490s	10	9.53x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.833s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.717s	10	10.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.360s (+2.0%)	1.760s (+3.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.013s (~)	0.653s	10	10.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.451s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.744s (-11.4% 🟢)	30.017s (+2788.5% 🔺)	33.134s (+618.6% 🔺)	30.683s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.490s (-4.3%)	3.143s (-1.5%)	0.198s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.764s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.274s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.498s (+2.2%)	2.923s (-0.7%)	0.270s (-39.6% 🟢)	3.615s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.117s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3/7

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	5/7
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/7
Nitro	💻 Local	5/7

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

We now show a dotted line between the createdAt and startedAt times for runs/steps

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 18aa696

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-2.3%)	1.013s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.0%)	1.017s (~)	0.975s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.046s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.963s	10	1.21x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (-48.6% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.960s	10	1.41x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.084s (-24.5% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.929s	10	2.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.882s	10	3.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.275s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.738s	10	7.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.356s (-3.4%)	1.014s (~)	0.658s	10	9.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.509s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.387s (-16.3% 🟢)	0.878s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.512s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.399s (-22.5% 🟢)	0.887s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.559s (-19.2% 🟢)	1.413s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.854s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.094s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s (+1.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (-0.8%)	2.012s (~)	0.735s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (-0.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.708s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.925s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.019s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.094s	10	1.76x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.113s (-4.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.903s	10	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.204s (-1.2%)	3.015s (~)	0.811s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.539s (-2.3%)	3.542s (+1.1%)	1.002s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.571s (-3.9%)	3.472s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.901s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.674s (~)	3.471s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.797s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.596s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.415s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.651s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.367s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.696s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.321s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.785s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.227s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.790s (~)	11.008s (~)	0.218s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.028s (~)	0.832s	5	1.15x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.230s (-0.8%)	13.026s (~)	0.796s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.252s (-1.2%)	16.041s (-1.2%)	0.788s	5	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.423s (+12.8% 🔺)	21.031s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.466s (+1.0%)	21.034s (~)	0.567s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.513s (-4.4%)	21.368s (-3.7%)	0.855s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.776s (-3.1%)	21.490s (-3.2%)	0.714s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.592s (+2.0%)	22.599s (+3.3%)	1.007s	5	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 parallel steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.664s	5	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.350s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.659s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (-2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.655s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.624s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.423s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	5	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.774s (-1.6%)	2.015s (~)	0.240s	5	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (+0.9%)	3.015s (~)	0.877s	5	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.220s (+1.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.790s	5	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.584s (-2.6%)	3.013s (~)	0.429s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.587s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.425s	5	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.887s (-3.7%)	4.595s (-3.8%)	0.708s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.044s (-1.4%)	4.597s (-4.1%)	0.553s	5	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.630s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.500s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.870s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.all with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.623s (+0.8%)	7.075s (+1.7%)	0.452s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.168s (+1.2%)	8.471s (+2.1%)	0.303s	4	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.163s (+0.6%)	9.408s (+1.1%)	0.245s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.168s (+2.8%)	9.592s (+4.1%)	0.423s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.219s (+9.4% 🔺)	9.586s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.367s	4	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.533s (-6.0% 🟢)	13.669s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.135s	3	2.04x
💻 Local	Express	13.570s (-1.1%)	13.663s (-2.3%)	0.093s	3	2.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.468s (-1.3%)	14.685s (-2.3%)	0.217s	3	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.012s (-1.0%)	20.554s (~)	0.542s	2	3.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.277s (+2.2%)	20.528s (~)	0.250s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.618s (+14.2% 🔺)	19.293s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.675s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.073s (-59.8% 🟢)	19.972s (-58.6% 🟢)	0.898s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s	20.948s	0.644s	2	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.race with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.595s (-2.3%)	6.840s (-1.4%)	0.245s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.716s (+2.5%)	9.446s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.730s	4	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.248s (-4.6%)	9.674s (-4.5%)	0.426s	4	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.611s (~)	9.818s (-2.1%)	0.207s	4	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.628s (-3.6%)	10.185s (+1.2%)	0.558s	3	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.809s (-1.3%)	15.036s (-2.6%)	0.227s	3	2.25x
💻 Local	Express	14.954s (-2.3%)	15.103s (-2.5%)	0.149s	3	2.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.111s (-8.3% 🟢)	17.415s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.304s	2	2.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.061s (~)	20.563s (~)	0.502s	2	3.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.166s (+0.6%)	20.532s (~)	0.367s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.110s (+26.4% 🔺)	21.109s (+25.9% 🔺)	1.000s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.370s (+3.3%)	21.465s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.094s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.496s (+27.6% 🔺)	21.364s (+26.8% 🔺)	0.868s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-4.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-3.1%)	1.027s (~)	0.886s	10	1.09x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.146s (+2.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (+1.2%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-2.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+1.4%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.461s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.988s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.551s	10	3.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s (+0.6%)	0.963s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.5%)	0.521s	10	3.82x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.229s (-4.8%)	1.484s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.718s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.490s	10	9.53x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.833s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.717s	10	10.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.360s (+2.0%)	1.760s (+3.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.013s (~)	0.653s	10	10.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.451s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.744s (-11.4% 🟢)	30.017s (+2788.5% 🔺)	33.134s (+618.6% 🔺)	30.683s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.490s (-4.3%)	3.143s (-1.5%)	0.198s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.764s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.274s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.498s (+2.2%)	2.923s (-0.7%)	0.270s (-39.6% 🟢)	3.615s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.117s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3/7

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	5/7
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/7
Nitro	💻 Local	5/7

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

We now show a dotted line between the createdAt and startedAt times for runs/steps

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 18aa696

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-2.3%)	1.013s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.0%)	1.017s (~)	0.975s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.046s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.963s	10	1.21x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (-48.6% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.960s	10	1.41x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.084s (-24.5% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.929s	10	2.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.882s	10	3.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.275s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.738s	10	7.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.356s (-3.4%)	1.014s (~)	0.658s	10	9.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.509s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.387s (-16.3% 🟢)	0.878s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.512s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.399s (-22.5% 🟢)	0.887s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.559s (-19.2% 🟢)	1.413s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.854s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.094s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s (+1.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (-0.8%)	2.012s (~)	0.735s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (-0.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.708s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.925s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.019s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.094s	10	1.76x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.113s (-4.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.903s	10	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.204s (-1.2%)	3.015s (~)	0.811s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.539s (-2.3%)	3.542s (+1.1%)	1.002s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.571s (-3.9%)	3.472s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.901s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.674s (~)	3.471s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.797s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.596s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.415s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.651s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.367s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.696s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.321s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.785s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.227s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.790s (~)	11.008s (~)	0.218s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.028s (~)	0.832s	5	1.15x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.230s (-0.8%)	13.026s (~)	0.796s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.252s (-1.2%)	16.041s (-1.2%)	0.788s	5	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.423s (+12.8% 🔺)	21.031s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.466s (+1.0%)	21.034s (~)	0.567s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.513s (-4.4%)	21.368s (-3.7%)	0.855s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.776s (-3.1%)	21.490s (-3.2%)	0.714s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.592s (+2.0%)	22.599s (+3.3%)	1.007s	5	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 parallel steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.664s	5	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.350s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.659s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (-2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.655s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.624s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.423s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	5	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.774s (-1.6%)	2.015s (~)	0.240s	5	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (+0.9%)	3.015s (~)	0.877s	5	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.220s (+1.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.790s	5	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.584s (-2.6%)	3.013s (~)	0.429s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.587s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.425s	5	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.887s (-3.7%)	4.595s (-3.8%)	0.708s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.044s (-1.4%)	4.597s (-4.1%)	0.553s	5	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.630s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.500s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.870s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.all with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.623s (+0.8%)	7.075s (+1.7%)	0.452s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.168s (+1.2%)	8.471s (+2.1%)	0.303s	4	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.163s (+0.6%)	9.408s (+1.1%)	0.245s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.168s (+2.8%)	9.592s (+4.1%)	0.423s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.219s (+9.4% 🔺)	9.586s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.367s	4	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.533s (-6.0% 🟢)	13.669s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.135s	3	2.04x
💻 Local	Express	13.570s (-1.1%)	13.663s (-2.3%)	0.093s	3	2.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.468s (-1.3%)	14.685s (-2.3%)	0.217s	3	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.012s (-1.0%)	20.554s (~)	0.542s	2	3.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.277s (+2.2%)	20.528s (~)	0.250s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.618s (+14.2% 🔺)	19.293s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.675s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.073s (-59.8% 🟢)	19.972s (-58.6% 🟢)	0.898s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s	20.948s	0.644s	2	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.race with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.595s (-2.3%)	6.840s (-1.4%)	0.245s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.716s (+2.5%)	9.446s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.730s	4	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.248s (-4.6%)	9.674s (-4.5%)	0.426s	4	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.611s (~)	9.818s (-2.1%)	0.207s	4	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.628s (-3.6%)	10.185s (+1.2%)	0.558s	3	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.809s (-1.3%)	15.036s (-2.6%)	0.227s	3	2.25x
💻 Local	Express	14.954s (-2.3%)	15.103s (-2.5%)	0.149s	3	2.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.111s (-8.3% 🟢)	17.415s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.304s	2	2.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.061s (~)	20.563s (~)	0.502s	2	3.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.166s (+0.6%)	20.532s (~)	0.367s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.110s (+26.4% 🔺)	21.109s (+25.9% 🔺)	1.000s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.370s (+3.3%)	21.465s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.094s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.496s (+27.6% 🔺)	21.364s (+26.8% 🔺)	0.868s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-4.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-3.1%)	1.027s (~)	0.886s	10	1.09x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.146s (+2.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (+1.2%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-2.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+1.4%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.461s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.988s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.551s	10	3.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s (+0.6%)	0.963s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.5%)	0.521s	10	3.82x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.229s (-4.8%)	1.484s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.718s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.490s	10	9.53x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.833s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.717s	10	10.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.360s (+2.0%)	1.760s (+3.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.013s (~)	0.653s	10	10.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.451s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.744s (-11.4% 🟢)	30.017s (+2788.5% 🔺)	33.134s (+618.6% 🔺)	30.683s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.490s (-4.3%)	3.143s (-1.5%)	0.198s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.764s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.274s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.498s (+2.2%)	2.923s (-0.7%)	0.270s (-39.6% 🟢)	3.615s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.117s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3/7

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	5/7
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/7
Nitro	💻 Local	5/7

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

We now show a dotted line between the createdAt and startedAt times for runs/steps

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 18aa696

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-2.3%)	1.013s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.0%)	1.017s (~)	0.975s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.046s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.963s	10	1.21x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (-48.6% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.960s	10	1.41x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.084s (-24.5% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.929s	10	2.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.882s	10	3.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.275s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.738s	10	7.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.356s (-3.4%)	1.014s (~)	0.658s	10	9.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.509s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.387s (-16.3% 🟢)	0.878s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.512s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.399s (-22.5% 🟢)	0.887s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.559s (-19.2% 🟢)	1.413s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.854s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.094s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s (+1.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (-0.8%)	2.012s (~)	0.735s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (-0.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.708s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.925s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.019s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.094s	10	1.76x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.113s (-4.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.903s	10	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.204s (-1.2%)	3.015s (~)	0.811s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.539s (-2.3%)	3.542s (+1.1%)	1.002s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.571s (-3.9%)	3.472s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.901s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.674s (~)	3.471s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.797s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.596s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.415s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.651s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.367s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.696s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.321s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.785s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.227s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.790s (~)	11.008s (~)	0.218s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.028s (~)	0.832s	5	1.15x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.230s (-0.8%)	13.026s (~)	0.796s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.252s (-1.2%)	16.041s (-1.2%)	0.788s	5	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.423s (+12.8% 🔺)	21.031s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.466s (+1.0%)	21.034s (~)	0.567s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.513s (-4.4%)	21.368s (-3.7%)	0.855s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.776s (-3.1%)	21.490s (-3.2%)	0.714s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.592s (+2.0%)	22.599s (+3.3%)	1.007s	5	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 parallel steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.664s	5	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.350s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.659s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (-2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.655s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.624s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.423s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	5	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.774s (-1.6%)	2.015s (~)	0.240s	5	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (+0.9%)	3.015s (~)	0.877s	5	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.220s (+1.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.790s	5	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.584s (-2.6%)	3.013s (~)	0.429s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.587s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.425s	5	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.887s (-3.7%)	4.595s (-3.8%)	0.708s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.044s (-1.4%)	4.597s (-4.1%)	0.553s	5	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.630s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.500s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.870s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.all with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.623s (+0.8%)	7.075s (+1.7%)	0.452s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.168s (+1.2%)	8.471s (+2.1%)	0.303s	4	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.163s (+0.6%)	9.408s (+1.1%)	0.245s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.168s (+2.8%)	9.592s (+4.1%)	0.423s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.219s (+9.4% 🔺)	9.586s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.367s	4	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.533s (-6.0% 🟢)	13.669s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.135s	3	2.04x
💻 Local	Express	13.570s (-1.1%)	13.663s (-2.3%)	0.093s	3	2.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.468s (-1.3%)	14.685s (-2.3%)	0.217s	3	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.012s (-1.0%)	20.554s (~)	0.542s	2	3.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.277s (+2.2%)	20.528s (~)	0.250s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.618s (+14.2% 🔺)	19.293s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.675s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.073s (-59.8% 🟢)	19.972s (-58.6% 🟢)	0.898s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s	20.948s	0.644s	2	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.race with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.595s (-2.3%)	6.840s (-1.4%)	0.245s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.716s (+2.5%)	9.446s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.730s	4	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.248s (-4.6%)	9.674s (-4.5%)	0.426s	4	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.611s (~)	9.818s (-2.1%)	0.207s	4	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.628s (-3.6%)	10.185s (+1.2%)	0.558s	3	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.809s (-1.3%)	15.036s (-2.6%)	0.227s	3	2.25x
💻 Local	Express	14.954s (-2.3%)	15.103s (-2.5%)	0.149s	3	2.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.111s (-8.3% 🟢)	17.415s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.304s	2	2.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.061s (~)	20.563s (~)	0.502s	2	3.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.166s (+0.6%)	20.532s (~)	0.367s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.110s (+26.4% 🔺)	21.109s (+25.9% 🔺)	1.000s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.370s (+3.3%)	21.465s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.094s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.496s (+27.6% 🔺)	21.364s (+26.8% 🔺)	0.868s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-4.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-3.1%)	1.027s (~)	0.886s	10	1.09x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.146s (+2.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (+1.2%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-2.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+1.4%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.461s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.988s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.551s	10	3.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s (+0.6%)	0.963s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.5%)	0.521s	10	3.82x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.229s (-4.8%)	1.484s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.718s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.490s	10	9.53x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.833s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.717s	10	10.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.360s (+2.0%)	1.760s (+3.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.013s (~)	0.653s	10	10.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.451s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.744s (-11.4% 🟢)	30.017s (+2788.5% 🔺)	33.134s (+618.6% 🔺)	30.683s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.490s (-4.3%)	3.143s (-1.5%)	0.198s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.764s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.274s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.498s (+2.2%)	2.923s (-0.7%)	0.270s (-39.6% 🟢)	3.615s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.117s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3/7

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	5/7
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/7
Nitro	💻 Local	5/7

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

We now show a dotted line between the createdAt and startedAt times for runs/steps

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 18aa696

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-2.3%)	1.013s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.0%)	1.017s (~)	0.975s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.046s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.963s	10	1.21x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (-48.6% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.960s	10	1.41x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.084s (-24.5% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.929s	10	2.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.882s	10	3.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.275s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.738s	10	7.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.356s (-3.4%)	1.014s (~)	0.658s	10	9.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.509s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.387s (-16.3% 🟢)	0.878s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.512s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.399s (-22.5% 🟢)	0.887s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.559s (-19.2% 🟢)	1.413s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.854s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.094s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s (+1.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (-0.8%)	2.012s (~)	0.735s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (-0.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.708s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.925s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.019s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.094s	10	1.76x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.113s (-4.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.903s	10	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.204s (-1.2%)	3.015s (~)	0.811s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.539s (-2.3%)	3.542s (+1.1%)	1.002s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.571s (-3.9%)	3.472s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.901s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.674s (~)	3.471s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.797s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.596s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.415s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.651s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.367s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.696s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.321s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.785s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.227s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.790s (~)	11.008s (~)	0.218s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.028s (~)	0.832s	5	1.15x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.230s (-0.8%)	13.026s (~)	0.796s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.252s (-1.2%)	16.041s (-1.2%)	0.788s	5	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.423s (+12.8% 🔺)	21.031s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.466s (+1.0%)	21.034s (~)	0.567s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.513s (-4.4%)	21.368s (-3.7%)	0.855s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.776s (-3.1%)	21.490s (-3.2%)	0.714s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.592s (+2.0%)	22.599s (+3.3%)	1.007s	5	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 parallel steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.664s	5	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.350s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.659s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (-2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.655s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.624s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.423s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	5	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.774s (-1.6%)	2.015s (~)	0.240s	5	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (+0.9%)	3.015s (~)	0.877s	5	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.220s (+1.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.790s	5	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.584s (-2.6%)	3.013s (~)	0.429s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.587s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.425s	5	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.887s (-3.7%)	4.595s (-3.8%)	0.708s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.044s (-1.4%)	4.597s (-4.1%)	0.553s	5	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.630s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.500s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.870s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.all with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.623s (+0.8%)	7.075s (+1.7%)	0.452s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.168s (+1.2%)	8.471s (+2.1%)	0.303s	4	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.163s (+0.6%)	9.408s (+1.1%)	0.245s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.168s (+2.8%)	9.592s (+4.1%)	0.423s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.219s (+9.4% 🔺)	9.586s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.367s	4	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.533s (-6.0% 🟢)	13.669s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.135s	3	2.04x
💻 Local	Express	13.570s (-1.1%)	13.663s (-2.3%)	0.093s	3	2.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.468s (-1.3%)	14.685s (-2.3%)	0.217s	3	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.012s (-1.0%)	20.554s (~)	0.542s	2	3.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.277s (+2.2%)	20.528s (~)	0.250s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.618s (+14.2% 🔺)	19.293s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.675s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.073s (-59.8% 🟢)	19.972s (-58.6% 🟢)	0.898s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s	20.948s	0.644s	2	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.race with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.595s (-2.3%)	6.840s (-1.4%)	0.245s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.716s (+2.5%)	9.446s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.730s	4	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.248s (-4.6%)	9.674s (-4.5%)	0.426s	4	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.611s (~)	9.818s (-2.1%)	0.207s	4	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.628s (-3.6%)	10.185s (+1.2%)	0.558s	3	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.809s (-1.3%)	15.036s (-2.6%)	0.227s	3	2.25x
💻 Local	Express	14.954s (-2.3%)	15.103s (-2.5%)	0.149s	3	2.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.111s (-8.3% 🟢)	17.415s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.304s	2	2.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.061s (~)	20.563s (~)	0.502s	2	3.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.166s (+0.6%)	20.532s (~)	0.367s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.110s (+26.4% 🔺)	21.109s (+25.9% 🔺)	1.000s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.370s (+3.3%)	21.465s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.094s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.496s (+27.6% 🔺)	21.364s (+26.8% 🔺)	0.868s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-4.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-3.1%)	1.027s (~)	0.886s	10	1.09x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.146s (+2.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (+1.2%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-2.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+1.4%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.461s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.988s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.551s	10	3.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s (+0.6%)	0.963s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.5%)	0.521s	10	3.82x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.229s (-4.8%)	1.484s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.718s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.490s	10	9.53x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.833s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.717s	10	10.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.360s (+2.0%)	1.760s (+3.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.013s (~)	0.653s	10	10.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.451s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.744s (-11.4% 🟢)	30.017s (+2788.5% 🔺)	33.134s (+618.6% 🔺)	30.683s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.490s (-4.3%)	3.143s (-1.5%)	0.198s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.764s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.274s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.498s (+2.2%)	2.923s (-0.7%)	0.270s (-39.6% 🟢)	3.615s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.117s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3/7

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	5/7
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/7
Nitro	💻 Local	5/7

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

We now show a dotted line between the createdAt and startedAt times for runs/steps

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 18aa696

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 16, 2025 11:44am

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-2.3%)	1.013s (~)	0.975s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (-7.0% 🟢)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.04x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (+1.0%)	1.017s (~)	0.975s	10	1.09x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.046s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.009s (~)	0.963s	10	1.21x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (-48.6% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.960s	10	1.41x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.084s (-24.5% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.929s	10	2.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.021s (~)	0.882s	10	3.66x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.275s (-22.7% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.738s	10	7.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.356s (-3.4%)	1.014s (~)	0.658s	10	9.32x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.509s (-32.8% 🟢)	1.387s (-16.3% 🟢)	0.878s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.512s (-28.9% 🟢)	1.399s (-22.5% 🟢)	0.887s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.559s (-19.2% 🟢)	1.413s (-7.8% 🟢)	0.854s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.094s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.917s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.114s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.02x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.121s (+1.7%)	2.012s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.276s (-0.8%)	2.012s (~)	0.735s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.304s (-0.6%)	2.012s (~)	0.708s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.925s (-6.1% 🟢)	2.019s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.094s	10	1.76x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.113s (-4.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.903s	10	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.204s (-1.2%)	3.015s (~)	0.811s	10	2.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.539s (-2.3%)	3.542s (+1.1%)	1.002s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.571s (-3.9%)	3.472s (-6.5% 🟢)	0.901s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.674s (~)	3.471s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.797s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.596s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.415s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.651s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.367s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.696s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.321s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.785s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.227s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.790s (~)	11.008s (~)	0.218s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.028s (~)	0.832s	5	1.15x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.230s (-0.8%)	13.026s (~)	0.796s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.252s (-1.2%)	16.041s (-1.2%)	0.788s	5	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.423s (+12.8% 🔺)	21.031s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.466s (+1.0%)	21.034s (~)	0.567s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	20.513s (-4.4%)	21.368s (-3.7%)	0.855s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.776s (-3.1%)	21.490s (-3.2%)	0.714s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	21.592s (+2.0%)	22.599s (+3.3%)	1.007s	5	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 parallel steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.664s	5	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.350s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.659s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.356s (-2.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.655s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (-0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.624s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.423s (+3.4%)	2.006s (~)	0.582s	5	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.774s (-1.6%)	2.015s (~)	0.240s	5	1.32x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (+0.9%)	3.015s (~)	0.877s	5	1.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.220s (+1.0%)	3.010s (~)	0.790s	5	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.584s (-2.6%)	3.013s (~)	0.429s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.587s (+6.4% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.425s	5	1.92x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.887s (-3.7%)	4.595s (-3.8%)	0.708s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.044s (-1.4%)	4.597s (-4.1%)	0.553s	5	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.630s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.500s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.870s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.all with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.623s (+0.8%)	7.075s (+1.7%)	0.452s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.168s (+1.2%)	8.471s (+2.1%)	0.303s	4	1.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.163s (+0.6%)	9.408s (+1.1%)	0.245s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.168s (+2.8%)	9.592s (+4.1%)	0.423s	4	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.219s (+9.4% 🔺)	9.586s (+10.1% 🔺)	0.367s	4	1.39x
💻 Local	Nitro	13.533s (-6.0% 🟢)	13.669s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.135s	3	2.04x
💻 Local	Express	13.570s (-1.1%)	13.663s (-2.3%)	0.093s	3	2.05x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	14.468s (-1.3%)	14.685s (-2.3%)	0.217s	3	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.012s (-1.0%)	20.554s (~)	0.542s	2	3.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.277s (+2.2%)	20.528s (~)	0.250s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	18.618s (+14.2% 🔺)	19.293s (+10.7% 🔺)	0.675s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	19.073s (-59.8% 🟢)	19.972s (-58.6% 🟢)	0.898s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.304s	20.948s	0.644s	2	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

stress test: Promise.race with 100 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	6.595s (-2.3%)	6.840s (-1.4%)	0.245s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.716s (+2.5%)	9.446s (+7.1% 🔺)	0.730s	4	1.32x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.248s (-4.6%)	9.674s (-4.5%)	0.426s	4	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.611s (~)	9.818s (-2.1%)	0.207s	4	1.46x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.628s (-3.6%)	10.185s (+1.2%)	0.558s	3	1.46x
💻 Local	Nitro	14.809s (-1.3%)	15.036s (-2.6%)	0.227s	3	2.25x
💻 Local	Express	14.954s (-2.3%)	15.103s (-2.5%)	0.149s	3	2.27x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	17.111s (-8.3% 🟢)	17.415s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.304s	2	2.59x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.061s (~)	20.563s (~)	0.502s	2	3.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.166s (+0.6%)	20.532s (~)	0.367s	2	3.06x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	20.110s (+26.4% 🔺)	21.109s (+25.9% 🔺)	1.000s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.370s (+3.3%)	21.465s (+7.0% 🔺)	1.094s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.496s (+27.6% 🔺)	21.364s (+26.8% 🔺)	0.868s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.9%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.010s (~)	0.881s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-4.6%)	1.003s (~)	0.016s (-3.1%)	1.027s (~)	0.886s	10	1.09x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.146s (+2.0%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Express	0.175s (+1.2%)	0.992s (~)	0.014s (-3.5%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-2.3%)	0.993s (~)	0.014s (+1.4%)	1.020s (~)	0.845s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.461s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.988s (+6.1% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.551s	10	3.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.492s (+0.6%)	0.963s (~)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.013s (-0.5%)	0.521s	10	3.82x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.229s (-4.8%)	1.484s (-3.1%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.718s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.490s	10	9.53x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.296s (-43.6% 🟢)	1.833s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.717s	10	10.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.360s (+2.0%)	1.760s (+3.1%)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.013s (~)	0.653s	10	10.55x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.451s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.744s (-11.4% 🟢)	30.017s (+2788.5% 🔺)	33.134s (+618.6% 🔺)	30.683s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.490s (-4.3%)	3.143s (-1.5%)	0.198s (-47.3% 🟢)	3.764s (-6.7% 🟢)	1.274s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.498s (+2.2%)	2.923s (-0.7%)	0.270s (-39.6% 🟢)	3.615s (-5.1% 🟢)	1.117s	10	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	5/7
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3/7

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	5/7
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/7
Nitro	💻 Local	5/7

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

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