Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message

[TooTallNate]

Handle Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL by automatically re-enqueueing messages that are approaching expiration.

What changed?

• Added tracking of message age by storing messageQueuedAt timestamp in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect when a message is approaching Vercel's 24-hour TTL limit
• Added automatic re-enqueueing of messages that would expire before their next scheduled processing
• Updated the queue handler to properly manage message lifetimes

How to test?

• Run the new test suite with pnpm test in the packages/world-vercel directory
• The tests verify various scenarios including:
  • Fresh messages being handled normally
  • Old messages being re-enqueued before they expire
  • Proper handling of timeout values
  • Backward compatibility with messages that don't have the messageQueuedAt field

Why make this change?

Vercel Queue has a hard 24-hour TTL for messages. Previously, long-running workflows that used large timeout values could have their messages expire before being processed again. This change ensures that messages are re-enqueued with a fresh TTL before they reach Vercel's 24-hour limit, preventing workflow executions from being lost due to message expiration.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 01b6955

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-0.8%)	1.013s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.978s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.041s (-3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+3.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.070s (-2.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.947s	10	1.80x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.291s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.722s	10	7.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.314s (-19.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.702s	10	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.351s (+133.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.668s	10	8.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.524s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.477s (+4.8%)	0.953s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.556s (+1.2%)	1.462s (-4.9%)	0.906s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.655s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.590s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.935s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.091s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s (+1.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s (+0.5%)	2.012s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.110s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s (-1.5%)	2.015s (~)	0.734s	10	1.17x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.306s (+0.5%)	2.014s (~)	0.708s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (-3.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.870s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.148s (-2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.863s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s (-10.2% 🟢)	3.023s (~)	0.853s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.728s (+43.5% 🔺)	4.607s (+28.9% 🔺)	0.879s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.818s (+47.4% 🔺)	5.292s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.473s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.387s (+67.7% 🔺)	5.317s (+50.7% 🔺)	0.929s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.598s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.414s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s (+1.0%)	11.015s (~)	0.360s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.709s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.308s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.222s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.792s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.220s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.968s (-2.0%)	12.228s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.260s	5	1.13x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.835s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.974s (-1.5%)	20.438s (-2.8%)	0.465s	5	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.414s (+29.5% 🔺)	21.031s (+26.5% 🔺)	0.617s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.432s (+32.6% 🔺)	21.040s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.787s (+3.4%)	22.547s (+4.2%)	0.760s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.933s (+3.9%)	22.703s (+3.9%)	0.770s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.053s (+7.1% 🔺)	22.946s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.893s	5	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.376s (+1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s (+1.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.400s (-1.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.605s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.596s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.972s (-18.7% 🟢)	2.412s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.440s	13	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-1.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.878s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.224s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.791s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.338s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.020s (+29.9% 🔺)	0.682s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.414s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.013s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.599s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.972s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.833s (+7.6% 🔺)	0.861s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.090s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.920s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.830s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.159s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.918s (~)	0.759s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.923s (-4.5%)	2.628s (+3.1%)	0.704s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.194s (-0.5%)	3.155s (~)	0.961s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.248s (+1.4%)	3.195s (+1.1%)	0.947s	10	1.17x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.481s (+1.3%)	3.025s (+0.5%)	0.544s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (+0.7%)	3.012s (~)	0.512s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.619s (-4.5%)	3.020s (~)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.900s (+2.0%)	3.220s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.320s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.925s (-0.6%)	3.119s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.193s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.650s (+1.0%)	5.186s (~)	0.536s	6	2.42x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.671s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.310s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.883s (+5.0%)	0.573s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.462s (-1.0%)	4.061s (-4.1%)	0.599s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.614s (+3.7%)	4.592s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.978s	7	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.367s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.643s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+2.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.634s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.392s (+2.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.619s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-1.3%)	2.005s (~)	0.596s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.437s (+1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.569s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s (-3.5%)	2.013s (~)	0.356s	15	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.726s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-3.1%)	0.286s	15	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.024s (+20.5% 🔺)	2.400s (+19.4% 🔺)	0.376s	13	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.7%)	3.013s (~)	0.868s	10	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.230s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.783s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.647s (+1.2%)	3.563s (+1.9%)	0.917s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.727s (+8.3% 🔺)	3.614s (+2.4%)	0.886s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+4.6%)	3.779s (-0.6%)	0.862s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.177s (+4.1%)	3.141s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.217s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.162s (-2.5%)	0.945s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.346s (+1.9%)	3.266s (+1.4%)	0.920s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-0.8%)	3.012s (~)	0.542s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.483s (-14.4% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.533s	10	1.14x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.537s (+3.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.475s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+3.6%)	3.026s (~)	0.477s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.743s (~)	3.019s (~)	0.276s	10	1.26x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.736s (~)	5.187s (~)	0.451s	6	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.790s (+3.4%)	5.183s (~)	0.393s	6	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.417s (+13.1% 🔺)	4.140s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.723s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.430s (+13.4% 🔺)	4.156s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.726s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.041s (+33.9% 🔺)	4.734s (+30.5% 🔺)	0.693s	7	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.132s (+3.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.133s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.019s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.029s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.863s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-3.5%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-4.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+2.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (-1.8%)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.462s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.990s (+4.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.551s	10	3.50x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.481s (-2.9%)	0.965s (+1.4%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.533s	10	3.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.242s (-47.1% 🟢)	1.802s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.773s	10	9.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.207s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.841s (+49.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.019s (+49.6% 🔺)	0.812s	10	16.69x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+60.9% 🔺)	2.711s (+62.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.682s	10	17.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.555s (-3.9%)	3.159s (-2.8%)	0.465s (+98.6% 🔺)	4.039s (+3.1%)	1.484s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.660s (+2.7%)	3.251s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.239s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.938s (+0.9%)	1.278s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.726s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.266s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.418s (+49.8% 🔺)	4.130s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.404s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	5/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[TooTallNate]

• Add env vars to help test Vercel Queue max 24 hour message TTL #653
• Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message #651 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR addresses Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL limitation by implementing automatic message re-enqueueing before messages expire. The implementation tracks message age using a messageQueuedAt timestamp and re-enqueues messages that would exceed the TTL before their next scheduled processing.

Key changes:

• Added message age tracking with messageQueuedAt field in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect and re-enqueue messages approaching the 24-hour TTL (with 1-hour buffer)
• Added comprehensive test suite covering various scenarios including fresh messages, expiring messages, and backward compatibility

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.ts	Core implementation adding message lifetime tracking, re-enqueueing logic, and new constants for TTL management
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.test.ts	Comprehensive test suite covering message enqueueing, re-enqueueing scenarios, and backward compatibility
packages/world-vercel/package.json	Updated test script and added vitest as a dev dependency
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lock file updates for vitest dependency addition
.changeset/sad-steaks-burn.md	Changeset documenting the patch-level change

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

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[TooTallNate]

Handle Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL by automatically re-enqueueing messages that are approaching expiration.

What changed?

• Added tracking of message age by storing messageQueuedAt timestamp in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect when a message is approaching Vercel's 24-hour TTL limit
• Added automatic re-enqueueing of messages that would expire before their next scheduled processing
• Updated the queue handler to properly manage message lifetimes

How to test?

• Run the new test suite with pnpm test in the packages/world-vercel directory
• The tests verify various scenarios including:
  • Fresh messages being handled normally
  • Old messages being re-enqueued before they expire
  • Proper handling of timeout values
  • Backward compatibility with messages that don't have the messageQueuedAt field

Why make this change?

Vercel Queue has a hard 24-hour TTL for messages. Previously, long-running workflows that used large timeout values could have their messages expire before being processed again. This change ensures that messages are re-enqueued with a fresh TTL before they reach Vercel's 24-hour limit, preventing workflow executions from being lost due to message expiration.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 01b6955

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-0.8%)	1.013s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.978s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.041s (-3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+3.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.070s (-2.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.947s	10	1.80x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.291s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.722s	10	7.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.314s (-19.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.702s	10	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.351s (+133.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.668s	10	8.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.524s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.477s (+4.8%)	0.953s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.556s (+1.2%)	1.462s (-4.9%)	0.906s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.655s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.590s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.935s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.091s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s (+1.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s (+0.5%)	2.012s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.110s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s (-1.5%)	2.015s (~)	0.734s	10	1.17x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.306s (+0.5%)	2.014s (~)	0.708s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (-3.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.870s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.148s (-2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.863s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s (-10.2% 🟢)	3.023s (~)	0.853s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.728s (+43.5% 🔺)	4.607s (+28.9% 🔺)	0.879s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.818s (+47.4% 🔺)	5.292s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.473s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.387s (+67.7% 🔺)	5.317s (+50.7% 🔺)	0.929s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.598s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.414s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s (+1.0%)	11.015s (~)	0.360s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.709s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.308s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.222s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.792s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.220s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.968s (-2.0%)	12.228s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.260s	5	1.13x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.835s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.974s (-1.5%)	20.438s (-2.8%)	0.465s	5	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.414s (+29.5% 🔺)	21.031s (+26.5% 🔺)	0.617s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.432s (+32.6% 🔺)	21.040s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.787s (+3.4%)	22.547s (+4.2%)	0.760s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.933s (+3.9%)	22.703s (+3.9%)	0.770s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.053s (+7.1% 🔺)	22.946s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.893s	5	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.376s (+1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s (+1.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.400s (-1.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.605s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.596s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.972s (-18.7% 🟢)	2.412s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.440s	13	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-1.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.878s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.224s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.791s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.338s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.020s (+29.9% 🔺)	0.682s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.414s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.013s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.599s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.972s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.833s (+7.6% 🔺)	0.861s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.090s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.920s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.830s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.159s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.918s (~)	0.759s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.923s (-4.5%)	2.628s (+3.1%)	0.704s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.194s (-0.5%)	3.155s (~)	0.961s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.248s (+1.4%)	3.195s (+1.1%)	0.947s	10	1.17x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.481s (+1.3%)	3.025s (+0.5%)	0.544s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (+0.7%)	3.012s (~)	0.512s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.619s (-4.5%)	3.020s (~)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.900s (+2.0%)	3.220s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.320s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.925s (-0.6%)	3.119s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.193s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.650s (+1.0%)	5.186s (~)	0.536s	6	2.42x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.671s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.310s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.883s (+5.0%)	0.573s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.462s (-1.0%)	4.061s (-4.1%)	0.599s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.614s (+3.7%)	4.592s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.978s	7	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.367s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.643s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+2.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.634s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.392s (+2.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.619s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-1.3%)	2.005s (~)	0.596s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.437s (+1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.569s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s (-3.5%)	2.013s (~)	0.356s	15	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.726s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-3.1%)	0.286s	15	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.024s (+20.5% 🔺)	2.400s (+19.4% 🔺)	0.376s	13	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.7%)	3.013s (~)	0.868s	10	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.230s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.783s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.647s (+1.2%)	3.563s (+1.9%)	0.917s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.727s (+8.3% 🔺)	3.614s (+2.4%)	0.886s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+4.6%)	3.779s (-0.6%)	0.862s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.177s (+4.1%)	3.141s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.217s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.162s (-2.5%)	0.945s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.346s (+1.9%)	3.266s (+1.4%)	0.920s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-0.8%)	3.012s (~)	0.542s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.483s (-14.4% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.533s	10	1.14x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.537s (+3.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.475s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+3.6%)	3.026s (~)	0.477s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.743s (~)	3.019s (~)	0.276s	10	1.26x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.736s (~)	5.187s (~)	0.451s	6	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.790s (+3.4%)	5.183s (~)	0.393s	6	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.417s (+13.1% 🔺)	4.140s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.723s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.430s (+13.4% 🔺)	4.156s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.726s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.041s (+33.9% 🔺)	4.734s (+30.5% 🔺)	0.693s	7	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.132s (+3.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.133s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.019s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.029s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.863s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-3.5%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-4.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+2.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (-1.8%)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.462s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.990s (+4.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.551s	10	3.50x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.481s (-2.9%)	0.965s (+1.4%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.533s	10	3.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.242s (-47.1% 🟢)	1.802s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.773s	10	9.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.207s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.841s (+49.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.019s (+49.6% 🔺)	0.812s	10	16.69x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+60.9% 🔺)	2.711s (+62.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.682s	10	17.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.555s (-3.9%)	3.159s (-2.8%)	0.465s (+98.6% 🔺)	4.039s (+3.1%)	1.484s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.660s (+2.7%)	3.251s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.239s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.938s (+0.9%)	1.278s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.726s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.266s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.418s (+49.8% 🔺)	4.130s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.404s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	5/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[TooTallNate]

• Add env vars to help test Vercel Queue max 24 hour message TTL #653
• Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message #651 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR addresses Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL limitation by implementing automatic message re-enqueueing before messages expire. The implementation tracks message age using a messageQueuedAt timestamp and re-enqueues messages that would exceed the TTL before their next scheduled processing.

Key changes:

• Added message age tracking with messageQueuedAt field in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect and re-enqueue messages approaching the 24-hour TTL (with 1-hour buffer)
• Added comprehensive test suite covering various scenarios including fresh messages, expiring messages, and backward compatibility

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.ts	Core implementation adding message lifetime tracking, re-enqueueing logic, and new constants for TTL management
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.test.ts	Comprehensive test suite covering message enqueueing, re-enqueueing scenarios, and backward compatibility
packages/world-vercel/package.json	Updated test script and added vitest as a dev dependency
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lock file updates for vitest dependency addition
.changeset/sad-steaks-burn.md	Changeset documenting the patch-level change

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[TooTallNate]

Handle Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL by automatically re-enqueueing messages that are approaching expiration.

What changed?

• Added tracking of message age by storing messageQueuedAt timestamp in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect when a message is approaching Vercel's 24-hour TTL limit
• Added automatic re-enqueueing of messages that would expire before their next scheduled processing
• Updated the queue handler to properly manage message lifetimes

How to test?

• Run the new test suite with pnpm test in the packages/world-vercel directory
• The tests verify various scenarios including:
  • Fresh messages being handled normally
  • Old messages being re-enqueued before they expire
  • Proper handling of timeout values
  • Backward compatibility with messages that don't have the messageQueuedAt field

Why make this change?

Vercel Queue has a hard 24-hour TTL for messages. Previously, long-running workflows that used large timeout values could have their messages expire before being processed again. This change ensures that messages are re-enqueued with a fresh TTL before they reach Vercel's 24-hour limit, preventing workflow executions from being lost due to message expiration.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 01b6955

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-0.8%)	1.013s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.978s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.041s (-3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+3.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.070s (-2.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.947s	10	1.80x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.291s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.722s	10	7.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.314s (-19.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.702s	10	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.351s (+133.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.668s	10	8.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.524s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.477s (+4.8%)	0.953s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.556s (+1.2%)	1.462s (-4.9%)	0.906s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.655s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.590s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.935s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.091s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s (+1.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s (+0.5%)	2.012s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.110s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s (-1.5%)	2.015s (~)	0.734s	10	1.17x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.306s (+0.5%)	2.014s (~)	0.708s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (-3.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.870s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.148s (-2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.863s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s (-10.2% 🟢)	3.023s (~)	0.853s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.728s (+43.5% 🔺)	4.607s (+28.9% 🔺)	0.879s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.818s (+47.4% 🔺)	5.292s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.473s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.387s (+67.7% 🔺)	5.317s (+50.7% 🔺)	0.929s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.598s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.414s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s (+1.0%)	11.015s (~)	0.360s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.709s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.308s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.222s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.792s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.220s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.968s (-2.0%)	12.228s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.260s	5	1.13x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.835s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.974s (-1.5%)	20.438s (-2.8%)	0.465s	5	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.414s (+29.5% 🔺)	21.031s (+26.5% 🔺)	0.617s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.432s (+32.6% 🔺)	21.040s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.787s (+3.4%)	22.547s (+4.2%)	0.760s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.933s (+3.9%)	22.703s (+3.9%)	0.770s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.053s (+7.1% 🔺)	22.946s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.893s	5	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.376s (+1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s (+1.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.400s (-1.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.605s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.596s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.972s (-18.7% 🟢)	2.412s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.440s	13	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-1.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.878s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.224s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.791s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.338s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.020s (+29.9% 🔺)	0.682s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.414s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.013s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.599s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.972s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.833s (+7.6% 🔺)	0.861s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.090s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.920s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.830s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.159s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.918s (~)	0.759s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.923s (-4.5%)	2.628s (+3.1%)	0.704s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.194s (-0.5%)	3.155s (~)	0.961s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.248s (+1.4%)	3.195s (+1.1%)	0.947s	10	1.17x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.481s (+1.3%)	3.025s (+0.5%)	0.544s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (+0.7%)	3.012s (~)	0.512s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.619s (-4.5%)	3.020s (~)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.900s (+2.0%)	3.220s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.320s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.925s (-0.6%)	3.119s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.193s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.650s (+1.0%)	5.186s (~)	0.536s	6	2.42x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.671s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.310s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.883s (+5.0%)	0.573s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.462s (-1.0%)	4.061s (-4.1%)	0.599s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.614s (+3.7%)	4.592s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.978s	7	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.367s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.643s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+2.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.634s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.392s (+2.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.619s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-1.3%)	2.005s (~)	0.596s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.437s (+1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.569s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s (-3.5%)	2.013s (~)	0.356s	15	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.726s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-3.1%)	0.286s	15	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.024s (+20.5% 🔺)	2.400s (+19.4% 🔺)	0.376s	13	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.7%)	3.013s (~)	0.868s	10	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.230s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.783s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.647s (+1.2%)	3.563s (+1.9%)	0.917s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.727s (+8.3% 🔺)	3.614s (+2.4%)	0.886s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+4.6%)	3.779s (-0.6%)	0.862s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.177s (+4.1%)	3.141s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.217s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.162s (-2.5%)	0.945s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.346s (+1.9%)	3.266s (+1.4%)	0.920s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-0.8%)	3.012s (~)	0.542s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.483s (-14.4% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.533s	10	1.14x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.537s (+3.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.475s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+3.6%)	3.026s (~)	0.477s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.743s (~)	3.019s (~)	0.276s	10	1.26x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.736s (~)	5.187s (~)	0.451s	6	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.790s (+3.4%)	5.183s (~)	0.393s	6	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.417s (+13.1% 🔺)	4.140s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.723s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.430s (+13.4% 🔺)	4.156s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.726s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.041s (+33.9% 🔺)	4.734s (+30.5% 🔺)	0.693s	7	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.132s (+3.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.133s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.019s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.029s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.863s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-3.5%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-4.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+2.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (-1.8%)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.462s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.990s (+4.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.551s	10	3.50x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.481s (-2.9%)	0.965s (+1.4%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.533s	10	3.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.242s (-47.1% 🟢)	1.802s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.773s	10	9.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.207s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.841s (+49.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.019s (+49.6% 🔺)	0.812s	10	16.69x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+60.9% 🔺)	2.711s (+62.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.682s	10	17.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.555s (-3.9%)	3.159s (-2.8%)	0.465s (+98.6% 🔺)	4.039s (+3.1%)	1.484s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.660s (+2.7%)	3.251s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.239s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.938s (+0.9%)	1.278s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.726s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.266s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.418s (+49.8% 🔺)	4.130s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.404s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	5/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[TooTallNate]

• Add env vars to help test Vercel Queue max 24 hour message TTL #653
• Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message #651 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR addresses Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL limitation by implementing automatic message re-enqueueing before messages expire. The implementation tracks message age using a messageQueuedAt timestamp and re-enqueues messages that would exceed the TTL before their next scheduled processing.

Key changes:

• Added message age tracking with messageQueuedAt field in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect and re-enqueue messages approaching the 24-hour TTL (with 1-hour buffer)
• Added comprehensive test suite covering various scenarios including fresh messages, expiring messages, and backward compatibility

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.ts	Core implementation adding message lifetime tracking, re-enqueueing logic, and new constants for TTL management
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.test.ts	Comprehensive test suite covering message enqueueing, re-enqueueing scenarios, and backward compatibility
packages/world-vercel/package.json	Updated test script and added vitest as a dev dependency
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lock file updates for vitest dependency addition
.changeset/sad-steaks-burn.md	Changeset documenting the patch-level change

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[TooTallNate]

Handle Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL by automatically re-enqueueing messages that are approaching expiration.

What changed?

• Added tracking of message age by storing messageQueuedAt timestamp in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect when a message is approaching Vercel's 24-hour TTL limit
• Added automatic re-enqueueing of messages that would expire before their next scheduled processing
• Updated the queue handler to properly manage message lifetimes

How to test?

• Run the new test suite with pnpm test in the packages/world-vercel directory
• The tests verify various scenarios including:
  • Fresh messages being handled normally
  • Old messages being re-enqueued before they expire
  • Proper handling of timeout values
  • Backward compatibility with messages that don't have the messageQueuedAt field

Why make this change?

Vercel Queue has a hard 24-hour TTL for messages. Previously, long-running workflows that used large timeout values could have their messages expire before being processed again. This change ensures that messages are re-enqueued with a fresh TTL before they reach Vercel's 24-hour limit, preventing workflow executions from being lost due to message expiration.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 01b6955

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-0.8%)	1.013s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.978s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.041s (-3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+3.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.070s (-2.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.947s	10	1.80x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.291s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.722s	10	7.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.314s (-19.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.702s	10	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.351s (+133.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.668s	10	8.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.524s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.477s (+4.8%)	0.953s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.556s (+1.2%)	1.462s (-4.9%)	0.906s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.655s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.590s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.935s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.091s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s (+1.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s (+0.5%)	2.012s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.110s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s (-1.5%)	2.015s (~)	0.734s	10	1.17x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.306s (+0.5%)	2.014s (~)	0.708s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (-3.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.870s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.148s (-2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.863s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s (-10.2% 🟢)	3.023s (~)	0.853s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.728s (+43.5% 🔺)	4.607s (+28.9% 🔺)	0.879s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.818s (+47.4% 🔺)	5.292s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.473s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.387s (+67.7% 🔺)	5.317s (+50.7% 🔺)	0.929s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.598s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.414s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s (+1.0%)	11.015s (~)	0.360s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.709s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.308s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.222s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.792s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.220s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.968s (-2.0%)	12.228s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.260s	5	1.13x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.835s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.974s (-1.5%)	20.438s (-2.8%)	0.465s	5	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.414s (+29.5% 🔺)	21.031s (+26.5% 🔺)	0.617s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.432s (+32.6% 🔺)	21.040s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.787s (+3.4%)	22.547s (+4.2%)	0.760s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.933s (+3.9%)	22.703s (+3.9%)	0.770s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.053s (+7.1% 🔺)	22.946s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.893s	5	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.376s (+1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s (+1.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.400s (-1.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.605s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.596s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.972s (-18.7% 🟢)	2.412s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.440s	13	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-1.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.878s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.224s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.791s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.338s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.020s (+29.9% 🔺)	0.682s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.414s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.013s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.599s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.972s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.833s (+7.6% 🔺)	0.861s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.090s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.920s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.830s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.159s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.918s (~)	0.759s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.923s (-4.5%)	2.628s (+3.1%)	0.704s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.194s (-0.5%)	3.155s (~)	0.961s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.248s (+1.4%)	3.195s (+1.1%)	0.947s	10	1.17x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.481s (+1.3%)	3.025s (+0.5%)	0.544s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (+0.7%)	3.012s (~)	0.512s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.619s (-4.5%)	3.020s (~)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.900s (+2.0%)	3.220s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.320s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.925s (-0.6%)	3.119s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.193s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.650s (+1.0%)	5.186s (~)	0.536s	6	2.42x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.671s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.310s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.883s (+5.0%)	0.573s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.462s (-1.0%)	4.061s (-4.1%)	0.599s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.614s (+3.7%)	4.592s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.978s	7	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.367s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.643s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+2.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.634s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.392s (+2.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.619s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-1.3%)	2.005s (~)	0.596s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.437s (+1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.569s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s (-3.5%)	2.013s (~)	0.356s	15	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.726s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-3.1%)	0.286s	15	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.024s (+20.5% 🔺)	2.400s (+19.4% 🔺)	0.376s	13	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.7%)	3.013s (~)	0.868s	10	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.230s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.783s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.647s (+1.2%)	3.563s (+1.9%)	0.917s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.727s (+8.3% 🔺)	3.614s (+2.4%)	0.886s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+4.6%)	3.779s (-0.6%)	0.862s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.177s (+4.1%)	3.141s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.217s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.162s (-2.5%)	0.945s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.346s (+1.9%)	3.266s (+1.4%)	0.920s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-0.8%)	3.012s (~)	0.542s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.483s (-14.4% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.533s	10	1.14x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.537s (+3.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.475s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+3.6%)	3.026s (~)	0.477s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.743s (~)	3.019s (~)	0.276s	10	1.26x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.736s (~)	5.187s (~)	0.451s	6	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.790s (+3.4%)	5.183s (~)	0.393s	6	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.417s (+13.1% 🔺)	4.140s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.723s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.430s (+13.4% 🔺)	4.156s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.726s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.041s (+33.9% 🔺)	4.734s (+30.5% 🔺)	0.693s	7	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.132s (+3.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.133s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.019s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.029s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.863s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-3.5%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-4.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+2.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (-1.8%)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.462s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.990s (+4.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.551s	10	3.50x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.481s (-2.9%)	0.965s (+1.4%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.533s	10	3.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.242s (-47.1% 🟢)	1.802s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.773s	10	9.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.207s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.841s (+49.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.019s (+49.6% 🔺)	0.812s	10	16.69x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+60.9% 🔺)	2.711s (+62.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.682s	10	17.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.555s (-3.9%)	3.159s (-2.8%)	0.465s (+98.6% 🔺)	4.039s (+3.1%)	1.484s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.660s (+2.7%)	3.251s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.239s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.938s (+0.9%)	1.278s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.726s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.266s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.418s (+49.8% 🔺)	4.130s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.404s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	5/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[TooTallNate]

• Add env vars to help test Vercel Queue max 24 hour message TTL #653
• Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message #651 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR addresses Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL limitation by implementing automatic message re-enqueueing before messages expire. The implementation tracks message age using a messageQueuedAt timestamp and re-enqueues messages that would exceed the TTL before their next scheduled processing.

Key changes:

• Added message age tracking with messageQueuedAt field in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect and re-enqueue messages approaching the 24-hour TTL (with 1-hour buffer)
• Added comprehensive test suite covering various scenarios including fresh messages, expiring messages, and backward compatibility

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.ts	Core implementation adding message lifetime tracking, re-enqueueing logic, and new constants for TTL management
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.test.ts	Comprehensive test suite covering message enqueueing, re-enqueueing scenarios, and backward compatibility
packages/world-vercel/package.json	Updated test script and added vitest as a dev dependency
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lock file updates for vitest dependency addition
.changeset/sad-steaks-burn.md	Changeset documenting the patch-level change

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[TooTallNate]

Handle Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL by automatically re-enqueueing messages that are approaching expiration.

What changed?

• Added tracking of message age by storing messageQueuedAt timestamp in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect when a message is approaching Vercel's 24-hour TTL limit
• Added automatic re-enqueueing of messages that would expire before their next scheduled processing
• Updated the queue handler to properly manage message lifetimes

How to test?

• Run the new test suite with pnpm test in the packages/world-vercel directory
• The tests verify various scenarios including:
  • Fresh messages being handled normally
  • Old messages being re-enqueued before they expire
  • Proper handling of timeout values
  • Backward compatibility with messages that don't have the messageQueuedAt field

Why make this change?

Vercel Queue has a hard 24-hour TTL for messages. Previously, long-running workflows that used large timeout values could have their messages expire before being processed again. This change ensures that messages are re-enqueued with a fresh TTL before they reach Vercel's 24-hour limit, preventing workflow executions from being lost due to message expiration.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 01b6955

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-0.8%)	1.013s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.978s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.041s (-3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+3.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.070s (-2.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.947s	10	1.80x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.291s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.722s	10	7.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.314s (-19.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.702s	10	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.351s (+133.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.668s	10	8.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.524s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.477s (+4.8%)	0.953s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.556s (+1.2%)	1.462s (-4.9%)	0.906s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.655s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.590s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.935s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.091s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s (+1.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s (+0.5%)	2.012s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.110s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s (-1.5%)	2.015s (~)	0.734s	10	1.17x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.306s (+0.5%)	2.014s (~)	0.708s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (-3.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.870s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.148s (-2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.863s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s (-10.2% 🟢)	3.023s (~)	0.853s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.728s (+43.5% 🔺)	4.607s (+28.9% 🔺)	0.879s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.818s (+47.4% 🔺)	5.292s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.473s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.387s (+67.7% 🔺)	5.317s (+50.7% 🔺)	0.929s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.598s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.414s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s (+1.0%)	11.015s (~)	0.360s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.709s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.308s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.222s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.792s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.220s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.968s (-2.0%)	12.228s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.260s	5	1.13x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.835s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.974s (-1.5%)	20.438s (-2.8%)	0.465s	5	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.414s (+29.5% 🔺)	21.031s (+26.5% 🔺)	0.617s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.432s (+32.6% 🔺)	21.040s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.787s (+3.4%)	22.547s (+4.2%)	0.760s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.933s (+3.9%)	22.703s (+3.9%)	0.770s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.053s (+7.1% 🔺)	22.946s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.893s	5	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.376s (+1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s (+1.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.400s (-1.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.605s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.596s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.972s (-18.7% 🟢)	2.412s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.440s	13	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-1.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.878s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.224s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.791s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.338s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.020s (+29.9% 🔺)	0.682s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.414s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.013s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.599s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.972s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.833s (+7.6% 🔺)	0.861s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.090s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.920s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.830s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.159s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.918s (~)	0.759s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.923s (-4.5%)	2.628s (+3.1%)	0.704s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.194s (-0.5%)	3.155s (~)	0.961s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.248s (+1.4%)	3.195s (+1.1%)	0.947s	10	1.17x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.481s (+1.3%)	3.025s (+0.5%)	0.544s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (+0.7%)	3.012s (~)	0.512s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.619s (-4.5%)	3.020s (~)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.900s (+2.0%)	3.220s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.320s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.925s (-0.6%)	3.119s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.193s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.650s (+1.0%)	5.186s (~)	0.536s	6	2.42x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.671s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.310s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.883s (+5.0%)	0.573s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.462s (-1.0%)	4.061s (-4.1%)	0.599s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.614s (+3.7%)	4.592s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.978s	7	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.367s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.643s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+2.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.634s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.392s (+2.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.619s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-1.3%)	2.005s (~)	0.596s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.437s (+1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.569s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s (-3.5%)	2.013s (~)	0.356s	15	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.726s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-3.1%)	0.286s	15	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.024s (+20.5% 🔺)	2.400s (+19.4% 🔺)	0.376s	13	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.7%)	3.013s (~)	0.868s	10	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.230s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.783s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.647s (+1.2%)	3.563s (+1.9%)	0.917s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.727s (+8.3% 🔺)	3.614s (+2.4%)	0.886s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+4.6%)	3.779s (-0.6%)	0.862s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.177s (+4.1%)	3.141s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.217s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.162s (-2.5%)	0.945s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.346s (+1.9%)	3.266s (+1.4%)	0.920s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-0.8%)	3.012s (~)	0.542s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.483s (-14.4% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.533s	10	1.14x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.537s (+3.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.475s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+3.6%)	3.026s (~)	0.477s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.743s (~)	3.019s (~)	0.276s	10	1.26x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.736s (~)	5.187s (~)	0.451s	6	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.790s (+3.4%)	5.183s (~)	0.393s	6	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.417s (+13.1% 🔺)	4.140s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.723s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.430s (+13.4% 🔺)	4.156s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.726s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.041s (+33.9% 🔺)	4.734s (+30.5% 🔺)	0.693s	7	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.132s (+3.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.133s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.019s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.029s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.863s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-3.5%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-4.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+2.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (-1.8%)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.462s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.990s (+4.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.551s	10	3.50x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.481s (-2.9%)	0.965s (+1.4%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.533s	10	3.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.242s (-47.1% 🟢)	1.802s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.773s	10	9.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.207s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.841s (+49.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.019s (+49.6% 🔺)	0.812s	10	16.69x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+60.9% 🔺)	2.711s (+62.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.682s	10	17.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.555s (-3.9%)	3.159s (-2.8%)	0.465s (+98.6% 🔺)	4.039s (+3.1%)	1.484s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.660s (+2.7%)	3.251s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.239s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.938s (+0.9%)	1.278s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.726s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.266s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.418s (+49.8% 🔺)	4.130s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.404s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	5/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[TooTallNate]

• Add env vars to help test Vercel Queue max 24 hour message TTL #653
• Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message #651 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR addresses Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL limitation by implementing automatic message re-enqueueing before messages expire. The implementation tracks message age using a messageQueuedAt timestamp and re-enqueues messages that would exceed the TTL before their next scheduled processing.

Key changes:

• Added message age tracking with messageQueuedAt field in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect and re-enqueue messages approaching the 24-hour TTL (with 1-hour buffer)
• Added comprehensive test suite covering various scenarios including fresh messages, expiring messages, and backward compatibility

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.ts	Core implementation adding message lifetime tracking, re-enqueueing logic, and new constants for TTL management
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.test.ts	Comprehensive test suite covering message enqueueing, re-enqueueing scenarios, and backward compatibility
packages/world-vercel/package.json	Updated test script and added vitest as a dev dependency
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lock file updates for vitest dependency addition
.changeset/sad-steaks-burn.md	Changeset documenting the patch-level change

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[TooTallNate]

Handle Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL by automatically re-enqueueing messages that are approaching expiration.

What changed?

• Added tracking of message age by storing messageQueuedAt timestamp in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect when a message is approaching Vercel's 24-hour TTL limit
• Added automatic re-enqueueing of messages that would expire before their next scheduled processing
• Updated the queue handler to properly manage message lifetimes

How to test?

• Run the new test suite with pnpm test in the packages/world-vercel directory
• The tests verify various scenarios including:
  • Fresh messages being handled normally
  • Old messages being re-enqueued before they expire
  • Proper handling of timeout values
  • Backward compatibility with messages that don't have the messageQueuedAt field

Why make this change?

Vercel Queue has a hard 24-hour TTL for messages. Previously, long-running workflows that used large timeout values could have their messages expire before being processed again. This change ensures that messages are re-enqueued with a fresh TTL before they reach Vercel's 24-hour limit, preventing workflow executions from being lost due to message expiration.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 01b6955

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-0.8%)	1.013s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.978s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.041s (-3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+3.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.070s (-2.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.947s	10	1.80x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.291s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.722s	10	7.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.314s (-19.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.702s	10	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.351s (+133.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.668s	10	8.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.524s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.477s (+4.8%)	0.953s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.556s (+1.2%)	1.462s (-4.9%)	0.906s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.655s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.590s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.935s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.091s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s (+1.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s (+0.5%)	2.012s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.110s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s (-1.5%)	2.015s (~)	0.734s	10	1.17x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.306s (+0.5%)	2.014s (~)	0.708s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (-3.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.870s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.148s (-2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.863s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s (-10.2% 🟢)	3.023s (~)	0.853s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.728s (+43.5% 🔺)	4.607s (+28.9% 🔺)	0.879s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.818s (+47.4% 🔺)	5.292s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.473s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.387s (+67.7% 🔺)	5.317s (+50.7% 🔺)	0.929s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.598s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.414s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s (+1.0%)	11.015s (~)	0.360s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.709s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.308s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.222s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.792s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.220s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.968s (-2.0%)	12.228s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.260s	5	1.13x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.835s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.974s (-1.5%)	20.438s (-2.8%)	0.465s	5	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.414s (+29.5% 🔺)	21.031s (+26.5% 🔺)	0.617s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.432s (+32.6% 🔺)	21.040s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.787s (+3.4%)	22.547s (+4.2%)	0.760s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.933s (+3.9%)	22.703s (+3.9%)	0.770s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.053s (+7.1% 🔺)	22.946s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.893s	5	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.376s (+1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s (+1.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.400s (-1.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.605s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.596s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.972s (-18.7% 🟢)	2.412s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.440s	13	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-1.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.878s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.224s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.791s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.338s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.020s (+29.9% 🔺)	0.682s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.414s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.013s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.599s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.972s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.833s (+7.6% 🔺)	0.861s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.090s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.920s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.830s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.159s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.918s (~)	0.759s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.923s (-4.5%)	2.628s (+3.1%)	0.704s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.194s (-0.5%)	3.155s (~)	0.961s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.248s (+1.4%)	3.195s (+1.1%)	0.947s	10	1.17x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.481s (+1.3%)	3.025s (+0.5%)	0.544s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (+0.7%)	3.012s (~)	0.512s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.619s (-4.5%)	3.020s (~)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.900s (+2.0%)	3.220s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.320s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.925s (-0.6%)	3.119s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.193s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.650s (+1.0%)	5.186s (~)	0.536s	6	2.42x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.671s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.310s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.883s (+5.0%)	0.573s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.462s (-1.0%)	4.061s (-4.1%)	0.599s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.614s (+3.7%)	4.592s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.978s	7	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.367s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.643s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+2.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.634s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.392s (+2.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.619s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-1.3%)	2.005s (~)	0.596s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.437s (+1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.569s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s (-3.5%)	2.013s (~)	0.356s	15	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.726s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-3.1%)	0.286s	15	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.024s (+20.5% 🔺)	2.400s (+19.4% 🔺)	0.376s	13	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.7%)	3.013s (~)	0.868s	10	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.230s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.783s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.647s (+1.2%)	3.563s (+1.9%)	0.917s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.727s (+8.3% 🔺)	3.614s (+2.4%)	0.886s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+4.6%)	3.779s (-0.6%)	0.862s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.177s (+4.1%)	3.141s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.217s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.162s (-2.5%)	0.945s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.346s (+1.9%)	3.266s (+1.4%)	0.920s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-0.8%)	3.012s (~)	0.542s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.483s (-14.4% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.533s	10	1.14x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.537s (+3.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.475s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+3.6%)	3.026s (~)	0.477s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.743s (~)	3.019s (~)	0.276s	10	1.26x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.736s (~)	5.187s (~)	0.451s	6	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.790s (+3.4%)	5.183s (~)	0.393s	6	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.417s (+13.1% 🔺)	4.140s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.723s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.430s (+13.4% 🔺)	4.156s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.726s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.041s (+33.9% 🔺)	4.734s (+30.5% 🔺)	0.693s	7	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.132s (+3.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.133s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.019s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.029s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.863s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-3.5%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-4.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+2.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (-1.8%)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.462s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.990s (+4.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.551s	10	3.50x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.481s (-2.9%)	0.965s (+1.4%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.533s	10	3.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.242s (-47.1% 🟢)	1.802s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.773s	10	9.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.207s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.841s (+49.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.019s (+49.6% 🔺)	0.812s	10	16.69x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+60.9% 🔺)	2.711s (+62.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.682s	10	17.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.555s (-3.9%)	3.159s (-2.8%)	0.465s (+98.6% 🔺)	4.039s (+3.1%)	1.484s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.660s (+2.7%)	3.251s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.239s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.938s (+0.9%)	1.278s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.726s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.266s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.418s (+49.8% 🔺)	4.130s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.404s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	5/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[TooTallNate]

• Add env vars to help test Vercel Queue max 24 hour message TTL #653
• Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message #651 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR addresses Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL limitation by implementing automatic message re-enqueueing before messages expire. The implementation tracks message age using a messageQueuedAt timestamp and re-enqueues messages that would exceed the TTL before their next scheduled processing.

Key changes:

• Added message age tracking with messageQueuedAt field in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect and re-enqueue messages approaching the 24-hour TTL (with 1-hour buffer)
• Added comprehensive test suite covering various scenarios including fresh messages, expiring messages, and backward compatibility

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.ts	Core implementation adding message lifetime tracking, re-enqueueing logic, and new constants for TTL management
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.test.ts	Comprehensive test suite covering message enqueueing, re-enqueueing scenarios, and backward compatibility
packages/world-vercel/package.json	Updated test script and added vitest as a dev dependency
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lock file updates for vitest dependency addition
.changeset/sad-steaks-burn.md	Changeset documenting the patch-level change

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

---

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[TooTallNate]

Handle Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL by automatically re-enqueueing messages that are approaching expiration.

What changed?

• Added tracking of message age by storing messageQueuedAt timestamp in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect when a message is approaching Vercel's 24-hour TTL limit
• Added automatic re-enqueueing of messages that would expire before their next scheduled processing
• Updated the queue handler to properly manage message lifetimes

How to test?

• Run the new test suite with pnpm test in the packages/world-vercel directory
• The tests verify various scenarios including:
  • Fresh messages being handled normally
  • Old messages being re-enqueued before they expire
  • Proper handling of timeout values
  • Backward compatibility with messages that don't have the messageQueuedAt field

Why make this change?

Vercel Queue has a hard 24-hour TTL for messages. Previously, long-running workflows that used large timeout values could have their messages expire before being processed again. This change ensures that messages are re-enqueued with a fresh TTL before they reach Vercel's 24-hour limit, preventing workflow executions from being lost due to message expiration.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 01b6955

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-0.8%)	1.013s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.978s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.041s (-3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+3.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.070s (-2.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.947s	10	1.80x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.291s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.722s	10	7.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.314s (-19.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.702s	10	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.351s (+133.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.668s	10	8.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.524s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.477s (+4.8%)	0.953s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.556s (+1.2%)	1.462s (-4.9%)	0.906s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.655s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.590s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.935s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.091s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s (+1.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s (+0.5%)	2.012s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.110s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s (-1.5%)	2.015s (~)	0.734s	10	1.17x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.306s (+0.5%)	2.014s (~)	0.708s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (-3.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.870s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.148s (-2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.863s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s (-10.2% 🟢)	3.023s (~)	0.853s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.728s (+43.5% 🔺)	4.607s (+28.9% 🔺)	0.879s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.818s (+47.4% 🔺)	5.292s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.473s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.387s (+67.7% 🔺)	5.317s (+50.7% 🔺)	0.929s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.598s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.414s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s (+1.0%)	11.015s (~)	0.360s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.709s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.308s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.222s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.792s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.220s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.968s (-2.0%)	12.228s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.260s	5	1.13x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.835s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.974s (-1.5%)	20.438s (-2.8%)	0.465s	5	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.414s (+29.5% 🔺)	21.031s (+26.5% 🔺)	0.617s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.432s (+32.6% 🔺)	21.040s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.787s (+3.4%)	22.547s (+4.2%)	0.760s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.933s (+3.9%)	22.703s (+3.9%)	0.770s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.053s (+7.1% 🔺)	22.946s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.893s	5	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.376s (+1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s (+1.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.400s (-1.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.605s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.596s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.972s (-18.7% 🟢)	2.412s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.440s	13	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-1.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.878s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.224s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.791s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.338s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.020s (+29.9% 🔺)	0.682s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.414s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.013s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.599s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.972s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.833s (+7.6% 🔺)	0.861s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.090s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.920s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.830s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.159s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.918s (~)	0.759s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.923s (-4.5%)	2.628s (+3.1%)	0.704s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.194s (-0.5%)	3.155s (~)	0.961s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.248s (+1.4%)	3.195s (+1.1%)	0.947s	10	1.17x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.481s (+1.3%)	3.025s (+0.5%)	0.544s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (+0.7%)	3.012s (~)	0.512s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.619s (-4.5%)	3.020s (~)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.900s (+2.0%)	3.220s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.320s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.925s (-0.6%)	3.119s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.193s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.650s (+1.0%)	5.186s (~)	0.536s	6	2.42x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.671s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.310s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.883s (+5.0%)	0.573s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.462s (-1.0%)	4.061s (-4.1%)	0.599s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.614s (+3.7%)	4.592s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.978s	7	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.367s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.643s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+2.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.634s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.392s (+2.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.619s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-1.3%)	2.005s (~)	0.596s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.437s (+1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.569s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s (-3.5%)	2.013s (~)	0.356s	15	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.726s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-3.1%)	0.286s	15	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.024s (+20.5% 🔺)	2.400s (+19.4% 🔺)	0.376s	13	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.7%)	3.013s (~)	0.868s	10	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.230s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.783s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.647s (+1.2%)	3.563s (+1.9%)	0.917s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.727s (+8.3% 🔺)	3.614s (+2.4%)	0.886s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+4.6%)	3.779s (-0.6%)	0.862s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.177s (+4.1%)	3.141s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.217s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.162s (-2.5%)	0.945s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.346s (+1.9%)	3.266s (+1.4%)	0.920s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-0.8%)	3.012s (~)	0.542s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.483s (-14.4% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.533s	10	1.14x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.537s (+3.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.475s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+3.6%)	3.026s (~)	0.477s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.743s (~)	3.019s (~)	0.276s	10	1.26x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.736s (~)	5.187s (~)	0.451s	6	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.790s (+3.4%)	5.183s (~)	0.393s	6	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.417s (+13.1% 🔺)	4.140s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.723s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.430s (+13.4% 🔺)	4.156s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.726s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.041s (+33.9% 🔺)	4.734s (+30.5% 🔺)	0.693s	7	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.132s (+3.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.133s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.019s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.029s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.863s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-3.5%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-4.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+2.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (-1.8%)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.462s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.990s (+4.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.551s	10	3.50x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.481s (-2.9%)	0.965s (+1.4%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.533s	10	3.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.242s (-47.1% 🟢)	1.802s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.773s	10	9.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.207s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.841s (+49.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.019s (+49.6% 🔺)	0.812s	10	16.69x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+60.9% 🔺)	2.711s (+62.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.682s	10	17.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.555s (-3.9%)	3.159s (-2.8%)	0.465s (+98.6% 🔺)	4.039s (+3.1%)	1.484s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.660s (+2.7%)	3.251s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.239s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.938s (+0.9%)	1.278s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.726s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.266s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.418s (+49.8% 🔺)	4.130s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.404s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	5/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[TooTallNate]

• Add env vars to help test Vercel Queue max 24 hour message TTL #653
• Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message #651 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR addresses Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL limitation by implementing automatic message re-enqueueing before messages expire. The implementation tracks message age using a messageQueuedAt timestamp and re-enqueues messages that would exceed the TTL before their next scheduled processing.

Key changes:

• Added message age tracking with messageQueuedAt field in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect and re-enqueue messages approaching the 24-hour TTL (with 1-hour buffer)
• Added comprehensive test suite covering various scenarios including fresh messages, expiring messages, and backward compatibility

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.ts	Core implementation adding message lifetime tracking, re-enqueueing logic, and new constants for TTL management
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.test.ts	Comprehensive test suite covering message enqueueing, re-enqueueing scenarios, and backward compatibility
packages/world-vercel/package.json	Updated test script and added vitest as a dev dependency
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lock file updates for vitest dependency addition
.changeset/sad-steaks-burn.md	Changeset documenting the patch-level change

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

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[TooTallNate]

Handle Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL by automatically re-enqueueing messages that are approaching expiration.

What changed?

• Added tracking of message age by storing messageQueuedAt timestamp in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect when a message is approaching Vercel's 24-hour TTL limit
• Added automatic re-enqueueing of messages that would expire before their next scheduled processing
• Updated the queue handler to properly manage message lifetimes

How to test?

• Run the new test suite with pnpm test in the packages/world-vercel directory
• The tests verify various scenarios including:
  • Fresh messages being handled normally
  • Old messages being re-enqueued before they expire
  • Proper handling of timeout values
  • Backward compatibility with messages that don't have the messageQueuedAt field

Why make this change?

Vercel Queue has a hard 24-hour TTL for messages. Previously, long-running workflows that used large timeout values could have their messages expire before being processed again. This change ensures that messages are re-enqueued with a fresh TTL before they reach Vercel's 24-hour limit, preventing workflow executions from being lost due to message expiration.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 01b6955

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 13 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/world-vercel	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 19, 2025 9:19pm

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-0.8%)	1.013s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (+9.4% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.978s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.041s (-3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.965s	10	1.06x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.043s (+3.9%)	1.018s (~)	0.975s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	0.043s (~)	1.007s (~)	0.964s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.070s (-2.6%)	1.017s (~)	0.947s	10	1.80x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s (+7.3% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.908s	10	2.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.291s (-13.7% 🟢)	1.014s (~)	0.722s	10	7.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.314s (-19.1% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.702s	10	8.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.351s (+133.4% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.668s	10	8.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.524s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.477s (+4.8%)	0.953s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.556s (+1.2%)	1.462s (-4.9%)	0.906s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.655s (+24.6% 🔺)	1.590s (+14.2% 🔺)	0.935s	10	1.25x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.091s (~)	2.009s (~)	0.918s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.097s (+1.3%)	2.011s (~)	0.914s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s (+0.5%)	2.012s (~)	0.907s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.110s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.896s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.113s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.893s	10	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.281s (-1.5%)	2.015s (~)	0.734s	10	1.17x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.306s (+0.5%)	2.014s (~)	0.708s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (-3.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.870s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.148s (-2.0%)	3.012s (~)	0.863s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.170s (-10.2% 🟢)	3.023s (~)	0.853s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.728s (+43.5% 🔺)	4.607s (+28.9% 🔺)	0.879s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.818s (+47.4% 🔺)	5.292s (+45.4% 🔺)	1.473s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.387s (+67.7% 🔺)	5.317s (+50.7% 🔺)	0.929s	10	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.598s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.414s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.655s (+1.0%)	11.015s (~)	0.360s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.709s (~)	11.017s (~)	0.308s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.789s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.222s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.792s (~)	11.012s (~)	0.220s	5	1.02x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.968s (-2.0%)	12.228s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.260s	5	1.13x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.187s (~)	13.022s (~)	0.835s	5	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.974s (-1.5%)	20.438s (-2.8%)	0.465s	5	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.414s (+29.5% 🔺)	21.031s (+26.5% 🔺)	0.617s	5	1.93x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.432s (+32.6% 🔺)	21.040s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.608s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.787s (+3.4%)	22.547s (+4.2%)	0.760s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.933s (+3.9%)	22.703s (+3.9%)	0.770s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.053s (+7.1% 🔺)	22.946s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.893s	5	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (+0.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.376s (+1.7%)	2.010s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.377s (+1.9%)	2.012s (~)	0.634s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.400s (-1.4%)	2.005s (~)	0.605s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.596s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.972s (-18.7% 🟢)	2.412s (-20.0% 🟢)	0.440s	13	1.46x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-1.3%)	3.016s (~)	0.878s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.224s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.791s	10	1.65x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.338s (+10.0% 🔺)	3.020s (+29.9% 🔺)	0.682s	10	1.73x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.414s (+13.1% 🔺)	3.013s (+21.9% 🔺)	0.599s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.972s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.833s (+7.6% 🔺)	0.861s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.090s (+8.6% 🔺)	3.920s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.830s	8	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.159s (+7.3% 🔺)	3.918s (~)	0.759s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.923s (-4.5%)	2.628s (+3.1%)	0.704s	12	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.194s (-0.5%)	3.155s (~)	0.961s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Express	2.248s (+1.4%)	3.195s (+1.1%)	0.947s	10	1.17x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.481s (+1.3%)	3.025s (+0.5%)	0.544s	10	1.29x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.501s (+0.7%)	3.012s (~)	0.512s	10	1.30x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.619s (-4.5%)	3.020s (~)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.900s (+2.0%)	3.220s (+6.9% 🔺)	0.320s	10	1.51x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.925s (-0.6%)	3.119s (-7.6% 🟢)	0.193s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.650s (+1.0%)	5.186s (~)	0.536s	6	2.42x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.671s (~)	5.182s (~)	0.510s	6	2.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.310s (+5.3% 🔺)	3.883s (+5.0%)	0.573s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.462s (-1.0%)	4.061s (-4.1%)	0.599s	8	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.614s (+3.7%)	4.592s (+12.8% 🔺)	0.978s	7	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.367s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.643s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.373s (+2.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.634s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.392s (+2.1%)	2.011s (~)	0.619s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.409s (-1.3%)	2.005s (~)	0.596s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.437s (+1.1%)	2.006s (~)	0.569s	15	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.657s (-3.5%)	2.013s (~)	0.356s	15	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.726s (-12.2% 🟢)	2.012s (-3.1%)	0.286s	15	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.024s (+20.5% 🔺)	2.400s (+19.4% 🔺)	0.376s	13	1.48x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.145s (+0.7%)	3.013s (~)	0.868s	10	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.230s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.783s	10	1.63x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.647s (+1.2%)	3.563s (+1.9%)	0.917s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.727s (+8.3% 🔺)	3.614s (+2.4%)	0.886s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+4.6%)	3.779s (-0.6%)	0.862s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.177s (+4.1%)	3.141s (+5.4% 🔺)	0.964s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.217s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.162s (-2.5%)	0.945s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	2.346s (+1.9%)	3.266s (+1.4%)	0.920s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.470s (-0.8%)	3.012s (~)	0.542s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.483s (-14.4% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.533s	10	1.14x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.537s (+3.3%)	3.012s (~)	0.475s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.550s (+3.6%)	3.026s (~)	0.477s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.743s (~)	3.019s (~)	0.276s	10	1.26x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.736s (~)	5.187s (~)	0.451s	6	2.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.790s (+3.4%)	5.183s (~)	0.393s	6	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.417s (+13.1% 🔺)	4.140s (+11.9% 🔺)	0.723s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.430s (+13.4% 🔺)	4.156s (+13.7% 🔺)	0.726s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.041s (+33.9% 🔺)	4.734s (+30.5% 🔺)	0.693s	7	1.18x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.132s (+3.6%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.011s (~)	0.878s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.133s (+21.2% 🔺)	1.003s (~)	0.019s (+16.3% 🔺)	1.029s (~)	0.896s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.150s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.863s	10	1.14x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (-3.5%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-4.5%)	1.021s (~)	0.846s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.178s (+2.5%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (-1.8%)	1.023s (~)	0.845s	10	1.35x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.462s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.990s (+4.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.013s (~)	0.551s	10	3.50x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.481s (-2.9%)	0.965s (+1.4%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.533s	10	3.64x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.242s (-47.1% 🟢)	1.802s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.000s (~)	2.016s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.773s	10	9.40x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.207s (+93.1% 🔺)	2.841s (+49.2% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.019s (+49.6% 🔺)	0.812s	10	16.69x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.332s (+60.9% 🔺)	2.711s (+62.7% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.014s (+49.8% 🔺)	0.682s	10	17.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.555s (-3.9%)	3.159s (-2.8%)	0.465s (+98.6% 🔺)	4.039s (+3.1%)	1.484s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.660s (+2.7%)	3.251s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.239s (-43.8% 🟢)	3.938s (+0.9%)	1.278s	10	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.726s (+9.8% 🔺)	3.266s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.418s (+49.8% 🔺)	4.130s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.404s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	5/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	5/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

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[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	109	11	0	120
Total	1208	11	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (11 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	26	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

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[TooTallNate]

• Add env vars to help test Vercel Queue max 24 hour message TTL #653
• Handle Vercel Queue 24 hour message TTL by re-enqueueing message #651 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR addresses Vercel Queue's 24-hour message TTL limitation by implementing automatic message re-enqueueing before messages expire. The implementation tracks message age using a messageQueuedAt timestamp and re-enqueues messages that would exceed the TTL before their next scheduled processing.

Key changes:

• Added message age tracking with messageQueuedAt field in queue messages
• Implemented logic to detect and re-enqueue messages approaching the 24-hour TTL (with 1-hour buffer)
• Added comprehensive test suite covering various scenarios including fresh messages, expiring messages, and backward compatibility

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 5 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.ts	Core implementation adding message lifetime tracking, re-enqueueing logic, and new constants for TTL management
packages/world-vercel/src/queue.test.ts	Comprehensive test suite covering message enqueueing, re-enqueueing scenarios, and backward compatibility
packages/world-vercel/package.json	Updated test script and added vitest as a dev dependency
pnpm-lock.yaml	Lock file updates for vitest dependency addition
.changeset/sad-steaks-burn.md	Changeset documenting the patch-level change

Files not reviewed (1)

• pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

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