[cli] [web] Allow opening web UI without config validation, show better UI when runs can't be found

[VaguelySerious]

This PR makes it so that:

• Running wf web in local world will open the web UI even if the configuration can't be verified
  • Other worlds will still show configuration errors if the world can't be initialized
  • We expect local world init errors mainly happens when someone is calling the web command from the wrong folder locally, or hasn't run their server yet (thus no workflow-data dir exists)
  • This also applies to wf i <command> --web and wf i web
• The Web UI will now show a specific message when a workflow-data folder can't be found
  • It won't be treated as an error, instead showing useful info to a user
  • It will re-check the folder every three seconds
  • There's a button directing the user to change folder if they realize they got it wrong

This is separate from #626, which adds UI to remember and list past configurations, and allows re-connecting to them.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f45a524

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 4 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	80	40	0	120
Total	1179	40	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis-dev (3 failed):

• dev e2e should rebuild on step change
• dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
• dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

redis (27 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• webhook route with invalid token
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
• stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
❌ redis-dev	0	3	0
❌ redis	0	27	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-2.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (+31.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.950s	10	1.77x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s (+22.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.917s	10	2.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.111s (-62.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-0.8%)	0.901s	10	2.91x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.300s (+0.6%)	1.013s (~)	0.713s	10	7.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.349s (-1.7%)	1.031s (+1.1%)	0.682s	10	9.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.586s (~)	1.480s (-0.6%)	0.895s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.590s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.423s (+3.5%)	0.833s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.778s (+45.6% 🔺)	1.558s (-3.5%)	0.780s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.910s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.293s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.721s	10	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.315s (+1.7%)	2.016s (~)	0.700s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.156s (~)	3.016s (~)	0.860s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.019s (~)	0.805s	10	2.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.479s (+15.0% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.534s	10	2.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.701s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.555s (-1.8%)	0.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.736s (+2.2%)	3.542s (-3.8%)	0.806s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.802s (+3.7%)	3.698s (+2.7%)	0.896s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.584s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.427s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.672s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.347s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.676s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.342s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.794s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.221s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.806s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.207s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.239s (~)	13.032s (~)	0.793s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (+0.7%)	13.029s (~)	0.759s	5	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.138s (-6.5% 🟢)	19.830s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.692s	5	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.330s (+15.7% 🔺)	21.051s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.721s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.428s (~)	21.033s (~)	0.605s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.624s (+1.7%)	22.298s (+1.5%)	0.674s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.686s (+0.7%)	22.476s (~)	0.790s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.084s (+4.0%)	22.874s (+3.9%)	0.789s	5	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-0.5%)	2.010s (~)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+2.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.644s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s (-1.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.634s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.405s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.600s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.410s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.597s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.068s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.610s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.542s	12	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.881s	10	1.56x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.196s (+3.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.820s	10	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.287s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.021s (+45.3% 🔺)	0.734s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.444s (+2.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.569s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.835s (+0.5%)	3.670s (-4.5%)	0.836s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.848s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.659s (+1.5%)	0.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s (-0.8%)	3.707s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.789s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.156s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.137s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.981s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.243s (~)	3.185s (~)	0.942s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.247s (~)	3.173s (~)	0.925s	10	1.04x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.462s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.548s	10	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.487s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.524s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.830s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.127s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.297s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.913s (~)	3.217s (-3.1%)	0.304s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.935s (+10.1% 🔺)	3.336s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.652s (+1.7%)	5.183s (~)	0.531s	6	2.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.838s (+4.5%)	5.356s (+3.4%)	0.518s	6	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.219s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.721s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.502s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.497s (-6.5% 🟢)	4.379s (+1.2%)	0.882s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.509s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.994s (+1.3%)	0.485s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-1.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.391s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.621s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.434s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.571s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.855s (-2.2%)	2.017s (-2.9%)	0.162s	15	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.974s (~)	2.230s (+3.5%)	0.255s	14	1.47x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.885s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.240s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.776s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.432s (+38.4% 🔺)	2.746s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.314s	11	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.700s (~)	3.550s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.850s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.719s (+3.2%)	3.578s (+1.6%)	0.859s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.833s (+0.6%)	3.568s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.735s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.241s (-0.8%)	3.148s (-2.0%)	0.907s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (-3.3%)	3.226s (-1.3%)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.254s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.216s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.962s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.455s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.555s	10	1.10x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.552s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.685s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (+10.8% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.296s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.936s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.074s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.753s (-0.6%)	5.184s (~)	0.432s	6	2.12x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.813s (~)	5.194s (-2.9%)	0.381s	6	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.120s (-2.5%)	3.683s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.562s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.193s (-0.9%)	3.703s (+0.6%)	0.510s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.428s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.198s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.771s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-1.1%)	1.003s (~)	0.017s (+1.8%)	1.028s (~)	0.888s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+0.6%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+4.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.844s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+1.7%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.025s (~)	0.844s	10	1.40x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.483s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.976s (+4.5%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.015s (~)	0.533s	10	3.74x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.521s (-1.4%)	0.933s (+1.4%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.495s	10	4.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-49.0% 🟢)	1.877s (-32.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.849s	10	9.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.281s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.769s (+66.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	3.021s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.740s	10	17.70x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+2.6%)	2.692s (-2.2%)	0.000s (-66.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.666s	10	18.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.701s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.168s (+3.2%)	0.405s (-12.2% 🟢)	4.051s (+2.6%)	1.349s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+4.8%)	3.235s (+1.5%)	0.534s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.307s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.466s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.895s (+11.7% 🔺)	3.352s (+4.6%)	0.571s (-57.2% 🟢)	4.325s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.430s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	7/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	4/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

This PR makes it so that:

• Running wf web in local world will open the web UI even if the configuration can't be verified
  • Other worlds will still show configuration errors if the world can't be initialized
  • We expect local world init errors mainly happens when someone is calling the web command from the wrong folder locally, or hasn't run their server yet (thus no workflow-data dir exists)
  • This also applies to wf i <command> --web and wf i web
• The Web UI will now show a specific message when a workflow-data folder can't be found
  • It won't be treated as an error, instead showing useful info to a user
  • It will re-check the folder every three seconds
  • There's a button directing the user to change folder if they realize they got it wrong

This is separate from #626, which adds UI to remember and list past configurations, and allows re-connecting to them.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f45a524

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 4 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	80	40	0	120
Total	1179	40	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis-dev (3 failed):

• dev e2e should rebuild on step change
• dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
• dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

redis (27 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• webhook route with invalid token
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
• stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
❌ redis-dev	0	3	0
❌ redis	0	27	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-2.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (+31.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.950s	10	1.77x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s (+22.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.917s	10	2.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.111s (-62.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-0.8%)	0.901s	10	2.91x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.300s (+0.6%)	1.013s (~)	0.713s	10	7.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.349s (-1.7%)	1.031s (+1.1%)	0.682s	10	9.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.586s (~)	1.480s (-0.6%)	0.895s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.590s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.423s (+3.5%)	0.833s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.778s (+45.6% 🔺)	1.558s (-3.5%)	0.780s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.910s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.293s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.721s	10	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.315s (+1.7%)	2.016s (~)	0.700s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.156s (~)	3.016s (~)	0.860s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.019s (~)	0.805s	10	2.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.479s (+15.0% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.534s	10	2.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.701s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.555s (-1.8%)	0.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.736s (+2.2%)	3.542s (-3.8%)	0.806s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.802s (+3.7%)	3.698s (+2.7%)	0.896s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.584s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.427s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.672s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.347s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.676s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.342s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.794s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.221s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.806s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.207s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.239s (~)	13.032s (~)	0.793s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (+0.7%)	13.029s (~)	0.759s	5	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.138s (-6.5% 🟢)	19.830s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.692s	5	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.330s (+15.7% 🔺)	21.051s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.721s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.428s (~)	21.033s (~)	0.605s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.624s (+1.7%)	22.298s (+1.5%)	0.674s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.686s (+0.7%)	22.476s (~)	0.790s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.084s (+4.0%)	22.874s (+3.9%)	0.789s	5	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-0.5%)	2.010s (~)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+2.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.644s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s (-1.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.634s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.405s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.600s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.410s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.597s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.068s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.610s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.542s	12	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.881s	10	1.56x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.196s (+3.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.820s	10	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.287s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.021s (+45.3% 🔺)	0.734s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.444s (+2.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.569s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.835s (+0.5%)	3.670s (-4.5%)	0.836s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.848s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.659s (+1.5%)	0.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s (-0.8%)	3.707s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.789s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.156s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.137s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.981s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.243s (~)	3.185s (~)	0.942s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.247s (~)	3.173s (~)	0.925s	10	1.04x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.462s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.548s	10	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.487s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.524s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.830s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.127s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.297s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.913s (~)	3.217s (-3.1%)	0.304s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.935s (+10.1% 🔺)	3.336s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.652s (+1.7%)	5.183s (~)	0.531s	6	2.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.838s (+4.5%)	5.356s (+3.4%)	0.518s	6	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.219s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.721s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.502s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.497s (-6.5% 🟢)	4.379s (+1.2%)	0.882s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.509s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.994s (+1.3%)	0.485s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-1.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.391s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.621s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.434s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.571s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.855s (-2.2%)	2.017s (-2.9%)	0.162s	15	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.974s (~)	2.230s (+3.5%)	0.255s	14	1.47x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.885s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.240s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.776s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.432s (+38.4% 🔺)	2.746s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.314s	11	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.700s (~)	3.550s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.850s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.719s (+3.2%)	3.578s (+1.6%)	0.859s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.833s (+0.6%)	3.568s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.735s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.241s (-0.8%)	3.148s (-2.0%)	0.907s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (-3.3%)	3.226s (-1.3%)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.254s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.216s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.962s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.455s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.555s	10	1.10x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.552s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.685s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (+10.8% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.296s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.936s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.074s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.753s (-0.6%)	5.184s (~)	0.432s	6	2.12x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.813s (~)	5.194s (-2.9%)	0.381s	6	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.120s (-2.5%)	3.683s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.562s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.193s (-0.9%)	3.703s (+0.6%)	0.510s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.428s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.198s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.771s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-1.1%)	1.003s (~)	0.017s (+1.8%)	1.028s (~)	0.888s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+0.6%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+4.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.844s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+1.7%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.025s (~)	0.844s	10	1.40x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.483s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.976s (+4.5%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.015s (~)	0.533s	10	3.74x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.521s (-1.4%)	0.933s (+1.4%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.495s	10	4.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-49.0% 🟢)	1.877s (-32.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.849s	10	9.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.281s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.769s (+66.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	3.021s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.740s	10	17.70x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+2.6%)	2.692s (-2.2%)	0.000s (-66.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.666s	10	18.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.701s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.168s (+3.2%)	0.405s (-12.2% 🟢)	4.051s (+2.6%)	1.349s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+4.8%)	3.235s (+1.5%)	0.534s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.307s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.466s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.895s (+11.7% 🔺)	3.352s (+4.6%)	0.571s (-57.2% 🟢)	4.325s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.430s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	7/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	4/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

This PR makes it so that:

• Running wf web in local world will open the web UI even if the configuration can't be verified
  • Other worlds will still show configuration errors if the world can't be initialized
  • We expect local world init errors mainly happens when someone is calling the web command from the wrong folder locally, or hasn't run their server yet (thus no workflow-data dir exists)
  • This also applies to wf i <command> --web and wf i web
• The Web UI will now show a specific message when a workflow-data folder can't be found
  • It won't be treated as an error, instead showing useful info to a user
  • It will re-check the folder every three seconds
  • There's a button directing the user to change folder if they realize they got it wrong

This is separate from #626, which adds UI to remember and list past configurations, and allows re-connecting to them.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f45a524

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 4 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	80	40	0	120
Total	1179	40	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis-dev (3 failed):

• dev e2e should rebuild on step change
• dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
• dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

redis (27 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• webhook route with invalid token
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
• stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
❌ redis-dev	0	3	0
❌ redis	0	27	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-2.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (+31.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.950s	10	1.77x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s (+22.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.917s	10	2.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.111s (-62.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-0.8%)	0.901s	10	2.91x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.300s (+0.6%)	1.013s (~)	0.713s	10	7.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.349s (-1.7%)	1.031s (+1.1%)	0.682s	10	9.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.586s (~)	1.480s (-0.6%)	0.895s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.590s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.423s (+3.5%)	0.833s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.778s (+45.6% 🔺)	1.558s (-3.5%)	0.780s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.910s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.293s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.721s	10	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.315s (+1.7%)	2.016s (~)	0.700s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.156s (~)	3.016s (~)	0.860s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.019s (~)	0.805s	10	2.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.479s (+15.0% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.534s	10	2.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.701s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.555s (-1.8%)	0.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.736s (+2.2%)	3.542s (-3.8%)	0.806s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.802s (+3.7%)	3.698s (+2.7%)	0.896s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.584s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.427s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.672s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.347s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.676s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.342s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.794s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.221s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.806s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.207s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.239s (~)	13.032s (~)	0.793s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (+0.7%)	13.029s (~)	0.759s	5	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.138s (-6.5% 🟢)	19.830s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.692s	5	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.330s (+15.7% 🔺)	21.051s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.721s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.428s (~)	21.033s (~)	0.605s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.624s (+1.7%)	22.298s (+1.5%)	0.674s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.686s (+0.7%)	22.476s (~)	0.790s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.084s (+4.0%)	22.874s (+3.9%)	0.789s	5	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-0.5%)	2.010s (~)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+2.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.644s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s (-1.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.634s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.405s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.600s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.410s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.597s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.068s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.610s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.542s	12	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.881s	10	1.56x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.196s (+3.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.820s	10	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.287s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.021s (+45.3% 🔺)	0.734s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.444s (+2.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.569s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.835s (+0.5%)	3.670s (-4.5%)	0.836s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.848s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.659s (+1.5%)	0.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s (-0.8%)	3.707s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.789s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.156s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.137s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.981s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.243s (~)	3.185s (~)	0.942s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.247s (~)	3.173s (~)	0.925s	10	1.04x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.462s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.548s	10	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.487s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.524s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.830s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.127s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.297s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.913s (~)	3.217s (-3.1%)	0.304s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.935s (+10.1% 🔺)	3.336s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.652s (+1.7%)	5.183s (~)	0.531s	6	2.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.838s (+4.5%)	5.356s (+3.4%)	0.518s	6	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.219s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.721s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.502s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.497s (-6.5% 🟢)	4.379s (+1.2%)	0.882s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.509s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.994s (+1.3%)	0.485s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-1.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.391s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.621s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.434s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.571s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.855s (-2.2%)	2.017s (-2.9%)	0.162s	15	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.974s (~)	2.230s (+3.5%)	0.255s	14	1.47x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.885s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.240s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.776s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.432s (+38.4% 🔺)	2.746s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.314s	11	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.700s (~)	3.550s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.850s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.719s (+3.2%)	3.578s (+1.6%)	0.859s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.833s (+0.6%)	3.568s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.735s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.241s (-0.8%)	3.148s (-2.0%)	0.907s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (-3.3%)	3.226s (-1.3%)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.254s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.216s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.962s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.455s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.555s	10	1.10x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.552s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.685s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (+10.8% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.296s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.936s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.074s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.753s (-0.6%)	5.184s (~)	0.432s	6	2.12x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.813s (~)	5.194s (-2.9%)	0.381s	6	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.120s (-2.5%)	3.683s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.562s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.193s (-0.9%)	3.703s (+0.6%)	0.510s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.428s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.198s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.771s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-1.1%)	1.003s (~)	0.017s (+1.8%)	1.028s (~)	0.888s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+0.6%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+4.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.844s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+1.7%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.025s (~)	0.844s	10	1.40x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.483s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.976s (+4.5%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.015s (~)	0.533s	10	3.74x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.521s (-1.4%)	0.933s (+1.4%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.495s	10	4.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-49.0% 🟢)	1.877s (-32.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.849s	10	9.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.281s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.769s (+66.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	3.021s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.740s	10	17.70x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+2.6%)	2.692s (-2.2%)	0.000s (-66.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.666s	10	18.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.701s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.168s (+3.2%)	0.405s (-12.2% 🟢)	4.051s (+2.6%)	1.349s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+4.8%)	3.235s (+1.5%)	0.534s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.307s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.466s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.895s (+11.7% 🔺)	3.352s (+4.6%)	0.571s (-57.2% 🟢)	4.325s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.430s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	7/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	4/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

This PR makes it so that:

• Running wf web in local world will open the web UI even if the configuration can't be verified
  • Other worlds will still show configuration errors if the world can't be initialized
  • We expect local world init errors mainly happens when someone is calling the web command from the wrong folder locally, or hasn't run their server yet (thus no workflow-data dir exists)
  • This also applies to wf i <command> --web and wf i web
• The Web UI will now show a specific message when a workflow-data folder can't be found
  • It won't be treated as an error, instead showing useful info to a user
  • It will re-check the folder every three seconds
  • There's a button directing the user to change folder if they realize they got it wrong

This is separate from #626, which adds UI to remember and list past configurations, and allows re-connecting to them.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f45a524

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 4 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	80	40	0	120
Total	1179	40	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis-dev (3 failed):

• dev e2e should rebuild on step change
• dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
• dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

redis (27 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• webhook route with invalid token
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
• stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
❌ redis-dev	0	3	0
❌ redis	0	27	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-2.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (+31.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.950s	10	1.77x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s (+22.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.917s	10	2.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.111s (-62.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-0.8%)	0.901s	10	2.91x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.300s (+0.6%)	1.013s (~)	0.713s	10	7.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.349s (-1.7%)	1.031s (+1.1%)	0.682s	10	9.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.586s (~)	1.480s (-0.6%)	0.895s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.590s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.423s (+3.5%)	0.833s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.778s (+45.6% 🔺)	1.558s (-3.5%)	0.780s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.910s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.293s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.721s	10	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.315s (+1.7%)	2.016s (~)	0.700s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.156s (~)	3.016s (~)	0.860s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.019s (~)	0.805s	10	2.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.479s (+15.0% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.534s	10	2.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.701s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.555s (-1.8%)	0.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.736s (+2.2%)	3.542s (-3.8%)	0.806s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.802s (+3.7%)	3.698s (+2.7%)	0.896s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.584s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.427s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.672s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.347s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.676s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.342s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.794s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.221s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.806s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.207s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.239s (~)	13.032s (~)	0.793s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (+0.7%)	13.029s (~)	0.759s	5	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.138s (-6.5% 🟢)	19.830s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.692s	5	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.330s (+15.7% 🔺)	21.051s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.721s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.428s (~)	21.033s (~)	0.605s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.624s (+1.7%)	22.298s (+1.5%)	0.674s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.686s (+0.7%)	22.476s (~)	0.790s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.084s (+4.0%)	22.874s (+3.9%)	0.789s	5	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-0.5%)	2.010s (~)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+2.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.644s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s (-1.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.634s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.405s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.600s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.410s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.597s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.068s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.610s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.542s	12	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.881s	10	1.56x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.196s (+3.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.820s	10	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.287s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.021s (+45.3% 🔺)	0.734s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.444s (+2.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.569s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.835s (+0.5%)	3.670s (-4.5%)	0.836s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.848s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.659s (+1.5%)	0.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s (-0.8%)	3.707s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.789s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.156s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.137s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.981s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.243s (~)	3.185s (~)	0.942s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.247s (~)	3.173s (~)	0.925s	10	1.04x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.462s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.548s	10	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.487s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.524s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.830s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.127s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.297s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.913s (~)	3.217s (-3.1%)	0.304s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.935s (+10.1% 🔺)	3.336s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.652s (+1.7%)	5.183s (~)	0.531s	6	2.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.838s (+4.5%)	5.356s (+3.4%)	0.518s	6	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.219s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.721s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.502s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.497s (-6.5% 🟢)	4.379s (+1.2%)	0.882s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.509s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.994s (+1.3%)	0.485s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-1.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.391s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.621s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.434s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.571s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.855s (-2.2%)	2.017s (-2.9%)	0.162s	15	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.974s (~)	2.230s (+3.5%)	0.255s	14	1.47x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.885s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.240s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.776s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.432s (+38.4% 🔺)	2.746s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.314s	11	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.700s (~)	3.550s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.850s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.719s (+3.2%)	3.578s (+1.6%)	0.859s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.833s (+0.6%)	3.568s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.735s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.241s (-0.8%)	3.148s (-2.0%)	0.907s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (-3.3%)	3.226s (-1.3%)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.254s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.216s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.962s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.455s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.555s	10	1.10x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.552s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.685s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (+10.8% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.296s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.936s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.074s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.753s (-0.6%)	5.184s (~)	0.432s	6	2.12x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.813s (~)	5.194s (-2.9%)	0.381s	6	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.120s (-2.5%)	3.683s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.562s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.193s (-0.9%)	3.703s (+0.6%)	0.510s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.428s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.198s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.771s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-1.1%)	1.003s (~)	0.017s (+1.8%)	1.028s (~)	0.888s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+0.6%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+4.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.844s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+1.7%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.025s (~)	0.844s	10	1.40x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.483s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.976s (+4.5%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.015s (~)	0.533s	10	3.74x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.521s (-1.4%)	0.933s (+1.4%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.495s	10	4.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-49.0% 🟢)	1.877s (-32.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.849s	10	9.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.281s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.769s (+66.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	3.021s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.740s	10	17.70x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+2.6%)	2.692s (-2.2%)	0.000s (-66.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.666s	10	18.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.701s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.168s (+3.2%)	0.405s (-12.2% 🟢)	4.051s (+2.6%)	1.349s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+4.8%)	3.235s (+1.5%)	0.534s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.307s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.466s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.895s (+11.7% 🔺)	3.352s (+4.6%)	0.571s (-57.2% 🟢)	4.325s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.430s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	7/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	4/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

This PR makes it so that:

• Running wf web in local world will open the web UI even if the configuration can't be verified
  • Other worlds will still show configuration errors if the world can't be initialized
  • We expect local world init errors mainly happens when someone is calling the web command from the wrong folder locally, or hasn't run their server yet (thus no workflow-data dir exists)
  • This also applies to wf i <command> --web and wf i web
• The Web UI will now show a specific message when a workflow-data folder can't be found
  • It won't be treated as an error, instead showing useful info to a user
  • It will re-check the folder every three seconds
  • There's a button directing the user to change folder if they realize they got it wrong

This is separate from #626, which adds UI to remember and list past configurations, and allows re-connecting to them.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f45a524

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 4 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	80	40	0	120
Total	1179	40	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis-dev (3 failed):

• dev e2e should rebuild on step change
• dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
• dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

redis (27 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• webhook route with invalid token
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
• stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
❌ redis-dev	0	3	0
❌ redis	0	27	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-2.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (+31.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.950s	10	1.77x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s (+22.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.917s	10	2.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.111s (-62.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-0.8%)	0.901s	10	2.91x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.300s (+0.6%)	1.013s (~)	0.713s	10	7.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.349s (-1.7%)	1.031s (+1.1%)	0.682s	10	9.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.586s (~)	1.480s (-0.6%)	0.895s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.590s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.423s (+3.5%)	0.833s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.778s (+45.6% 🔺)	1.558s (-3.5%)	0.780s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.910s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.293s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.721s	10	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.315s (+1.7%)	2.016s (~)	0.700s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.156s (~)	3.016s (~)	0.860s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.019s (~)	0.805s	10	2.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.479s (+15.0% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.534s	10	2.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.701s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.555s (-1.8%)	0.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.736s (+2.2%)	3.542s (-3.8%)	0.806s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.802s (+3.7%)	3.698s (+2.7%)	0.896s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.584s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.427s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.672s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.347s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.676s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.342s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.794s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.221s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.806s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.207s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.239s (~)	13.032s (~)	0.793s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (+0.7%)	13.029s (~)	0.759s	5	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.138s (-6.5% 🟢)	19.830s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.692s	5	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.330s (+15.7% 🔺)	21.051s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.721s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.428s (~)	21.033s (~)	0.605s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.624s (+1.7%)	22.298s (+1.5%)	0.674s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.686s (+0.7%)	22.476s (~)	0.790s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.084s (+4.0%)	22.874s (+3.9%)	0.789s	5	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-0.5%)	2.010s (~)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+2.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.644s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s (-1.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.634s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.405s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.600s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.410s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.597s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.068s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.610s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.542s	12	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.881s	10	1.56x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.196s (+3.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.820s	10	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.287s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.021s (+45.3% 🔺)	0.734s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.444s (+2.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.569s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.835s (+0.5%)	3.670s (-4.5%)	0.836s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.848s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.659s (+1.5%)	0.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s (-0.8%)	3.707s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.789s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.156s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.137s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.981s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.243s (~)	3.185s (~)	0.942s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.247s (~)	3.173s (~)	0.925s	10	1.04x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.462s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.548s	10	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.487s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.524s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.830s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.127s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.297s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.913s (~)	3.217s (-3.1%)	0.304s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.935s (+10.1% 🔺)	3.336s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.652s (+1.7%)	5.183s (~)	0.531s	6	2.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.838s (+4.5%)	5.356s (+3.4%)	0.518s	6	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.219s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.721s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.502s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.497s (-6.5% 🟢)	4.379s (+1.2%)	0.882s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.509s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.994s (+1.3%)	0.485s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-1.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.391s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.621s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.434s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.571s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.855s (-2.2%)	2.017s (-2.9%)	0.162s	15	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.974s (~)	2.230s (+3.5%)	0.255s	14	1.47x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.885s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.240s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.776s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.432s (+38.4% 🔺)	2.746s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.314s	11	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.700s (~)	3.550s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.850s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.719s (+3.2%)	3.578s (+1.6%)	0.859s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.833s (+0.6%)	3.568s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.735s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.241s (-0.8%)	3.148s (-2.0%)	0.907s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (-3.3%)	3.226s (-1.3%)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.254s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.216s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.962s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.455s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.555s	10	1.10x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.552s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.685s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (+10.8% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.296s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.936s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.074s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.753s (-0.6%)	5.184s (~)	0.432s	6	2.12x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.813s (~)	5.194s (-2.9%)	0.381s	6	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.120s (-2.5%)	3.683s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.562s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.193s (-0.9%)	3.703s (+0.6%)	0.510s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.428s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.198s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.771s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-1.1%)	1.003s (~)	0.017s (+1.8%)	1.028s (~)	0.888s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+0.6%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+4.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.844s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+1.7%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.025s (~)	0.844s	10	1.40x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.483s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.976s (+4.5%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.015s (~)	0.533s	10	3.74x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.521s (-1.4%)	0.933s (+1.4%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.495s	10	4.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-49.0% 🟢)	1.877s (-32.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.849s	10	9.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.281s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.769s (+66.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	3.021s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.740s	10	17.70x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+2.6%)	2.692s (-2.2%)	0.000s (-66.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.666s	10	18.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.701s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.168s (+3.2%)	0.405s (-12.2% 🟢)	4.051s (+2.6%)	1.349s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+4.8%)	3.235s (+1.5%)	0.534s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.307s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.466s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.895s (+11.7% 🔺)	3.352s (+4.6%)	0.571s (-57.2% 🟢)	4.325s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.430s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	7/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	4/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

This PR makes it so that:

• Running wf web in local world will open the web UI even if the configuration can't be verified
  • Other worlds will still show configuration errors if the world can't be initialized
  • We expect local world init errors mainly happens when someone is calling the web command from the wrong folder locally, or hasn't run their server yet (thus no workflow-data dir exists)
  • This also applies to wf i <command> --web and wf i web
• The Web UI will now show a specific message when a workflow-data folder can't be found
  • It won't be treated as an error, instead showing useful info to a user
  • It will re-check the folder every three seconds
  • There's a button directing the user to change folder if they realize they got it wrong

This is separate from #626, which adds UI to remember and list past configurations, and allows re-connecting to them.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f45a524

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 4 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	80	40	0	120
Total	1179	40	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis-dev (3 failed):

• dev e2e should rebuild on step change
• dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
• dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

redis (27 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• webhook route with invalid token
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
• stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
❌ redis-dev	0	3	0
❌ redis	0	27	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-2.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (+31.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.950s	10	1.77x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s (+22.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.917s	10	2.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.111s (-62.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-0.8%)	0.901s	10	2.91x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.300s (+0.6%)	1.013s (~)	0.713s	10	7.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.349s (-1.7%)	1.031s (+1.1%)	0.682s	10	9.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.586s (~)	1.480s (-0.6%)	0.895s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.590s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.423s (+3.5%)	0.833s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.778s (+45.6% 🔺)	1.558s (-3.5%)	0.780s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.910s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.293s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.721s	10	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.315s (+1.7%)	2.016s (~)	0.700s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.156s (~)	3.016s (~)	0.860s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.019s (~)	0.805s	10	2.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.479s (+15.0% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.534s	10	2.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.701s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.555s (-1.8%)	0.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.736s (+2.2%)	3.542s (-3.8%)	0.806s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.802s (+3.7%)	3.698s (+2.7%)	0.896s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.584s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.427s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.672s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.347s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.676s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.342s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.794s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.221s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.806s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.207s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.239s (~)	13.032s (~)	0.793s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (+0.7%)	13.029s (~)	0.759s	5	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.138s (-6.5% 🟢)	19.830s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.692s	5	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.330s (+15.7% 🔺)	21.051s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.721s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.428s (~)	21.033s (~)	0.605s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.624s (+1.7%)	22.298s (+1.5%)	0.674s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.686s (+0.7%)	22.476s (~)	0.790s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.084s (+4.0%)	22.874s (+3.9%)	0.789s	5	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-0.5%)	2.010s (~)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+2.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.644s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s (-1.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.634s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.405s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.600s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.410s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.597s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.068s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.610s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.542s	12	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.881s	10	1.56x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.196s (+3.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.820s	10	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.287s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.021s (+45.3% 🔺)	0.734s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.444s (+2.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.569s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.835s (+0.5%)	3.670s (-4.5%)	0.836s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.848s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.659s (+1.5%)	0.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s (-0.8%)	3.707s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.789s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.156s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.137s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.981s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.243s (~)	3.185s (~)	0.942s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.247s (~)	3.173s (~)	0.925s	10	1.04x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.462s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.548s	10	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.487s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.524s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.830s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.127s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.297s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.913s (~)	3.217s (-3.1%)	0.304s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.935s (+10.1% 🔺)	3.336s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.652s (+1.7%)	5.183s (~)	0.531s	6	2.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.838s (+4.5%)	5.356s (+3.4%)	0.518s	6	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.219s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.721s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.502s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.497s (-6.5% 🟢)	4.379s (+1.2%)	0.882s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.509s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.994s (+1.3%)	0.485s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-1.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.391s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.621s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.434s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.571s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.855s (-2.2%)	2.017s (-2.9%)	0.162s	15	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.974s (~)	2.230s (+3.5%)	0.255s	14	1.47x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.885s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.240s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.776s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.432s (+38.4% 🔺)	2.746s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.314s	11	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.700s (~)	3.550s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.850s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.719s (+3.2%)	3.578s (+1.6%)	0.859s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.833s (+0.6%)	3.568s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.735s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.241s (-0.8%)	3.148s (-2.0%)	0.907s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (-3.3%)	3.226s (-1.3%)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.254s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.216s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.962s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.455s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.555s	10	1.10x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.552s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.685s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (+10.8% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.296s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.936s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.074s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.753s (-0.6%)	5.184s (~)	0.432s	6	2.12x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.813s (~)	5.194s (-2.9%)	0.381s	6	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.120s (-2.5%)	3.683s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.562s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.193s (-0.9%)	3.703s (+0.6%)	0.510s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.428s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.198s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.771s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-1.1%)	1.003s (~)	0.017s (+1.8%)	1.028s (~)	0.888s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+0.6%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+4.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.844s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+1.7%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.025s (~)	0.844s	10	1.40x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.483s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.976s (+4.5%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.015s (~)	0.533s	10	3.74x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.521s (-1.4%)	0.933s (+1.4%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.495s	10	4.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-49.0% 🟢)	1.877s (-32.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.849s	10	9.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.281s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.769s (+66.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	3.021s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.740s	10	17.70x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+2.6%)	2.692s (-2.2%)	0.000s (-66.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.666s	10	18.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.701s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.168s (+3.2%)	0.405s (-12.2% 🟢)	4.051s (+2.6%)	1.349s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+4.8%)	3.235s (+1.5%)	0.534s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.307s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.466s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.895s (+11.7% 🔺)	3.352s (+4.6%)	0.571s (-57.2% 🟢)	4.325s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.430s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	7/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	4/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

This PR makes it so that:

• Running wf web in local world will open the web UI even if the configuration can't be verified
  • Other worlds will still show configuration errors if the world can't be initialized
  • We expect local world init errors mainly happens when someone is calling the web command from the wrong folder locally, or hasn't run their server yet (thus no workflow-data dir exists)
  • This also applies to wf i <command> --web and wf i web
• The Web UI will now show a specific message when a workflow-data folder can't be found
  • It won't be treated as an error, instead showing useful info to a user
  • It will re-check the folder every three seconds
  • There's a button directing the user to change folder if they realize they got it wrong

This is separate from #626, which adds UI to remember and list past configurations, and allows re-connecting to them.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f45a524

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 4 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	80	40	0	120
Total	1179	40	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis-dev (3 failed):

• dev e2e should rebuild on step change
• dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
• dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

redis (27 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• webhook route with invalid token
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
• stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
❌ redis-dev	0	3	0
❌ redis	0	27	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-2.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (+31.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.950s	10	1.77x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s (+22.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.917s	10	2.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.111s (-62.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-0.8%)	0.901s	10	2.91x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.300s (+0.6%)	1.013s (~)	0.713s	10	7.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.349s (-1.7%)	1.031s (+1.1%)	0.682s	10	9.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.586s (~)	1.480s (-0.6%)	0.895s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.590s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.423s (+3.5%)	0.833s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.778s (+45.6% 🔺)	1.558s (-3.5%)	0.780s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.910s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.293s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.721s	10	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.315s (+1.7%)	2.016s (~)	0.700s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.156s (~)	3.016s (~)	0.860s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.019s (~)	0.805s	10	2.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.479s (+15.0% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.534s	10	2.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.701s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.555s (-1.8%)	0.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.736s (+2.2%)	3.542s (-3.8%)	0.806s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.802s (+3.7%)	3.698s (+2.7%)	0.896s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.584s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.427s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.672s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.347s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.676s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.342s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.794s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.221s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.806s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.207s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.239s (~)	13.032s (~)	0.793s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (+0.7%)	13.029s (~)	0.759s	5	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.138s (-6.5% 🟢)	19.830s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.692s	5	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.330s (+15.7% 🔺)	21.051s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.721s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.428s (~)	21.033s (~)	0.605s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.624s (+1.7%)	22.298s (+1.5%)	0.674s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.686s (+0.7%)	22.476s (~)	0.790s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.084s (+4.0%)	22.874s (+3.9%)	0.789s	5	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-0.5%)	2.010s (~)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+2.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.644s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s (-1.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.634s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.405s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.600s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.410s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.597s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.068s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.610s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.542s	12	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.881s	10	1.56x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.196s (+3.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.820s	10	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.287s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.021s (+45.3% 🔺)	0.734s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.444s (+2.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.569s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.835s (+0.5%)	3.670s (-4.5%)	0.836s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.848s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.659s (+1.5%)	0.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s (-0.8%)	3.707s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.789s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.156s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.137s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.981s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.243s (~)	3.185s (~)	0.942s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.247s (~)	3.173s (~)	0.925s	10	1.04x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.462s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.548s	10	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.487s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.524s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.830s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.127s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.297s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.913s (~)	3.217s (-3.1%)	0.304s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.935s (+10.1% 🔺)	3.336s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.652s (+1.7%)	5.183s (~)	0.531s	6	2.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.838s (+4.5%)	5.356s (+3.4%)	0.518s	6	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.219s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.721s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.502s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.497s (-6.5% 🟢)	4.379s (+1.2%)	0.882s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.509s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.994s (+1.3%)	0.485s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-1.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.391s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.621s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.434s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.571s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.855s (-2.2%)	2.017s (-2.9%)	0.162s	15	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.974s (~)	2.230s (+3.5%)	0.255s	14	1.47x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.885s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.240s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.776s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.432s (+38.4% 🔺)	2.746s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.314s	11	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.700s (~)	3.550s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.850s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.719s (+3.2%)	3.578s (+1.6%)	0.859s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.833s (+0.6%)	3.568s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.735s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.241s (-0.8%)	3.148s (-2.0%)	0.907s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (-3.3%)	3.226s (-1.3%)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.254s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.216s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.962s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.455s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.555s	10	1.10x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.552s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.685s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (+10.8% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.296s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.936s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.074s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.753s (-0.6%)	5.184s (~)	0.432s	6	2.12x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.813s (~)	5.194s (-2.9%)	0.381s	6	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.120s (-2.5%)	3.683s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.562s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.193s (-0.9%)	3.703s (+0.6%)	0.510s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.428s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.198s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.771s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-1.1%)	1.003s (~)	0.017s (+1.8%)	1.028s (~)	0.888s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+0.6%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+4.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.844s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+1.7%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.025s (~)	0.844s	10	1.40x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.483s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.976s (+4.5%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.015s (~)	0.533s	10	3.74x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.521s (-1.4%)	0.933s (+1.4%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.495s	10	4.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-49.0% 🟢)	1.877s (-32.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.849s	10	9.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.281s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.769s (+66.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	3.021s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.740s	10	17.70x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+2.6%)	2.692s (-2.2%)	0.000s (-66.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.666s	10	18.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.701s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.168s (+3.2%)	0.405s (-12.2% 🟢)	4.051s (+2.6%)	1.349s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+4.8%)	3.235s (+1.5%)	0.534s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.307s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.466s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.895s (+11.7% 🔺)	3.352s (+4.6%)	0.571s (-57.2% 🟢)	4.325s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.430s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	7/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	4/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[VaguelySerious]

This PR makes it so that:

• Running wf web in local world will open the web UI even if the configuration can't be verified
  • Other worlds will still show configuration errors if the world can't be initialized
  • We expect local world init errors mainly happens when someone is calling the web command from the wrong folder locally, or hasn't run their server yet (thus no workflow-data dir exists)
  • This also applies to wf i <command> --web and wf i web
• The Web UI will now show a specific message when a workflow-data folder can't be found
  • It won't be treated as an error, instead showing useful info to a user
  • It will re-check the folder every three seconds
  • There's a button directing the user to change folder if they realize they got it wrong

This is separate from #626, which adds UI to remember and list past configurations, and allows re-connecting to them.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: f45a524

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 4 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/cli	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/ai	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Review	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment	Dec 28, 2025 4:18pm

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	286	0	11	297
✅ 💻 Local Development	262	0	8	270
✅ 📦 Local Production	262	0	8	270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	262	0	8	270
✅ 🪟 Windows	27	0	0	27
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	80	40	0	120
Total	1179	40	35	1254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis-dev (3 failed):

• dev e2e should rebuild on step change
• dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
• dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

redis (27 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• webhook route with invalid token
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
• stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

starter (8 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
• crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	26	0	1
✅ example	26	0	1
✅ express	26	0	1
✅ fastify	26	0	1
✅ hono	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	26	0	1
✅ nitro	26	0	1
✅ nuxt	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit	26	0	1
✅ vite	26	0	1

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	26	0	1
✅ express-stable	26	0	1
✅ fastify-stable	26	0	1
✅ hono-stable	26	0	1
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	27	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	26	0	1
✅ nuxt-stable	26	0	1
✅ sveltekit-stable	26	0	1
✅ vite-stable	26	0	1

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	27	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	26	1	0
❌ redis-dev	0	3	0
❌ redis	0	27	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	19	8	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	26	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.039s (-2.7%)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.040s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.977s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.964s	10	1.12x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (+2.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.17x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.068s (+31.1% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.950s	10	1.77x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.098s (+22.6% 🔺)	1.016s (~)	0.917s	10	2.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.111s (-62.1% 🟢)	1.012s (-0.8%)	0.901s	10	2.91x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.300s (+0.6%)	1.013s (~)	0.713s	10	7.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.349s (-1.7%)	1.031s (+1.1%)	0.682s	10	9.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.586s (~)	1.480s (-0.6%)	0.895s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.590s (+19.6% 🔺)	1.423s (+3.5%)	0.833s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.778s (+45.6% 🔺)	1.558s (-3.5%)	0.780s	10	1.33x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.095s (+1.4%)	2.010s (~)	0.915s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.099s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (+0.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.910s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.116s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.891s	10	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.293s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.721s	10	1.18x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.315s (+1.7%)	2.016s (~)	0.700s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.156s (~)	3.016s (~)	0.860s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.214s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.019s (~)	0.805s	10	2.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.479s (+15.0% 🔺)	3.013s (~)	0.534s	10	2.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.701s (+8.4% 🔺)	3.555s (-1.8%)	0.854s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.736s (+2.2%)	3.542s (-3.8%)	0.806s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.802s (+3.7%)	3.698s (+2.7%)	0.896s	10	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.584s (~)	11.011s (~)	0.427s	5	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.672s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.347s	5	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.676s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.342s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.794s (~)	11.015s (~)	0.221s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.806s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.207s	5	1.02x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.239s (~)	13.032s (~)	0.793s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (+0.7%)	13.029s (~)	0.759s	5	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Express	19.138s (-6.5% 🟢)	19.830s (-5.7% 🟢)	0.692s	5	1.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.330s (+15.7% 🔺)	21.051s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.721s	5	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.428s (~)	21.033s (~)	0.605s	5	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	21.624s (+1.7%)	22.298s (+1.5%)	0.674s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	21.686s (+0.7%)	22.476s (~)	0.790s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.084s (+4.0%)	22.874s (+3.9%)	0.789s	5	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.364s (-0.5%)	2.010s (~)	0.646s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+2.0%)	2.009s (~)	0.644s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.379s (-1.6%)	2.013s (~)	0.634s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.405s (-0.5%)	2.006s (~)	0.600s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.410s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.597s	15	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.068s (-12.8% 🟢)	2.610s (-13.4% 🟢)	0.542s	12	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.135s (-1.2%)	3.016s (~)	0.881s	10	1.56x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.196s (+3.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.820s	10	1.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.287s (+16.6% 🔺)	3.021s (+45.3% 🔺)	0.734s	10	1.68x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.444s (+2.9%)	3.012s (~)	0.569s	10	1.79x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.835s (+0.5%)	3.670s (-4.5%)	0.836s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.848s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.659s (+1.5%)	0.812s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.918s (-0.8%)	3.707s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.789s	9	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.156s (+5.1% 🔺)	3.137s (+7.9% 🔺)	0.981s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.243s (~)	3.185s (~)	0.942s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	2.247s (~)	3.173s (~)	0.925s	10	1.04x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.462s (~)	3.010s (~)	0.548s	10	1.14x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.487s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.524s	10	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.830s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.127s (-15.4% 🟢)	0.297s	10	1.31x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.913s (~)	3.217s (-3.1%)	0.304s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.935s (+10.1% 🔺)	3.336s (+10.6% 🔺)	0.401s	10	1.36x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.652s (+1.7%)	5.183s (~)	0.531s	6	2.16x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.838s (+4.5%)	5.356s (+3.4%)	0.518s	6	2.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.219s (-10.4% 🟢)	3.721s (-11.9% 🟢)	0.502s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.497s (-6.5% 🟢)	4.379s (+1.2%)	0.882s	7	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.509s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.994s (+1.3%)	0.485s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.347s (-1.1%)	2.010s (~)	0.663s	15	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.349s (-1.6%)	2.008s (~)	0.658s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.391s (+1.1%)	2.012s (~)	0.621s	15	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.411s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.594s	15	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	1.434s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.571s	15	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.855s (-2.2%)	2.017s (-2.9%)	0.162s	15	1.38x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.974s (~)	2.230s (+3.5%)	0.255s	14	1.47x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.129s (~)	3.013s (~)	0.885s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.240s (+5.5% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.776s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.432s (+38.4% 🔺)	2.746s (+36.4% 🔺)	0.314s	11	1.81x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.700s (~)	3.550s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.850s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.719s (+3.2%)	3.578s (+1.6%)	0.859s	9	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.833s (+0.6%)	3.568s (-8.4% 🟢)	0.735s	9	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.241s (-0.8%)	3.148s (-2.0%)	0.907s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (-3.3%)	3.226s (-1.3%)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.254s (+5.4% 🔺)	3.216s (+8.0% 🔺)	0.962s	10	1.01x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.455s (-0.8%)	3.010s (~)	0.555s	10	1.10x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.552s	10	1.10x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.685s (-2.2%)	3.010s (~)	0.325s	10	1.20x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.720s (+10.8% 🔺)	3.016s (~)	0.296s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.936s (+13.7% 🔺)	3.011s (~)	0.074s	10	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.753s (-0.6%)	5.184s (~)	0.432s	6	2.12x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.813s (~)	5.194s (-2.9%)	0.381s	6	2.15x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.120s (-2.5%)	3.683s (-5.3% 🟢)	0.562s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.193s (-0.9%)	3.703s (+0.6%)	0.510s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.428s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.198s (+8.3% 🔺)	0.771s	8	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.129s (+0.5%)	1.006s (~)	0.000s (~)	1.012s (~)	0.883s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.140s (-1.1%)	1.003s (~)	0.017s (+1.8%)	1.028s (~)	0.888s	10	1.08x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.145s (-0.9%)	1.004s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.013s (~)	0.867s	10	1.13x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.177s (+0.6%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+4.1%)	1.021s (~)	0.844s	10	1.38x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+1.7%)	0.993s (~)	0.017s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.025s (~)	0.844s	10	1.40x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.483s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.976s (+4.5%)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.015s (~)	0.533s	10	3.74x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.521s (-1.4%)	0.933s (+1.4%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.495s	10	4.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.163s (-49.0% 🟢)	1.877s (-32.1% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.849s	10	9.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.281s (+56.6% 🔺)	2.769s (+66.4% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	3.021s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.740s	10	17.70x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.349s (+2.6%)	2.692s (-2.2%)	0.000s (-66.7% 🟢)	3.014s (~)	0.666s	10	18.22x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.701s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.168s (+3.2%)	0.405s (-12.2% 🟢)	4.051s (+2.6%)	1.349s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.841s (+4.8%)	3.235s (+1.5%)	0.534s (+54.9% 🔺)	4.307s (+7.9% 🔺)	1.466s	10	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.895s (+11.7% 🔺)	3.352s (+4.6%)	0.571s (-57.2% 🟢)	4.325s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.430s	10	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/8
🐘 Postgres	Express	7/8
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	4/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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