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Add AI SDK v6 support - #692

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VaguelySerious merged 7 commits into
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ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
Dec 27, 2025
Merged

Add AI SDK v6 support#692
VaguelySerious merged 7 commits into
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ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6

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@ctate

@ctatectate commented Dec 27, 2025

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Adds support for AI SDK v6 while maintaining backwards compatibility with v5.

Changes

  • Update peer dependency to ai: ^5 || ^6
  • Add CompatibleLanguageModel type to handle both LanguageModelV2 (v5) and LanguageModelV3 (v6)
  • Update @ai-sdk/provider dependency to ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0
  • Move provider packages to optional dependencies with compatible version ranges
  • Add AI SDK compatibility documentation to README

How it works

Both AI SDK versions use structurally compatible model interfaces. The package uses V2 types from @ai-sdk/provider (which are exported by both v2.x and v3.x) and casts V3 models to a compatible interface at runtime.

Testing

  • All existing tests pass
  • Type-checked against both AI SDK v5 and v6

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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: ac7f81d

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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@workflow/aiPatch

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Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.037s (-5.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.978s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.039s (+4.0%)1.018s (~)0.978s101.07x
💻 LocalNitro0.042s (+0.7%)1.007s (~)0.965s101.14x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s (+12.2% 🔺)1.018s (~)0.975s101.16x
💻 LocalExpress0.052s (+16.9% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.955s101.43x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.062s (-14.4% 🟢)1.014s (~)0.952s101.69x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.102s (+2.0%)1.014s (~)0.911s102.80x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (+41.7% 🔺)1.025s (~)0.740s107.78x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-1.2%)1.012s (~)0.702s108.45x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.424s (+7.8% 🔺)1.022s (~)0.597s1011.59x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.550s (+10.2% 🔺)1.529s (+9.1% 🔺)0.979s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.578s (+14.9% 🔺)1.499s (-1.6%)0.921s101.05x
▲ VercelNitro0.608s (+21.1% 🔺)1.554s (+11.0% 🔺)0.946s101.10x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.093s (-0.5%)2.013s (~)0.920s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.096s (~)2.011s (~)0.915s101.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.097s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.112s (~)2.007s (~)0.895s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.113s (~)2.006s (~)0.893s101.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.296s (-0.6%)2.012s (~)0.716s101.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s (-0.7%)2.012s (~)0.708s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.122s (+41.9% 🔺)2.718s (+34.8% 🔺)0.596s101.94x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.151s (-4.3%)3.014s (~)0.863s101.97x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.173s (~)3.014s (~)0.841s101.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.515s (-4.8%)3.603s (-1.3%)1.088s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.543s (-2.9%)3.484s (-5.8% 🟢)0.940s101.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.603s (-11.4% 🟢)3.537s (-7.6% 🟢)0.934s101.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.603s (~)11.013s (~)0.410s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.658s (~)11.018s (~)0.359s51.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.676s (~)11.020s (~)0.344s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.774s (~)11.015s (~)0.241s51.02x
💻 LocalExpress10.785s (~)11.012s (~)0.227s51.02x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)12.199s (~)13.023s (~)0.824s51.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.208s (~)13.029s (~)0.822s51.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)15.188s (+5.9% 🔺)16.033s (+6.6% 🔺)0.845s51.43x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.120s (-1.5%)20.628s (-1.9%)0.508s51.90x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.468s (~)21.030s (~)0.562s51.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.882s (-4.7%)21.790s (-4.5%)0.908s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress21.170s (-0.9%)22.123s (~)0.953s51.01x
▲ VercelNitro21.426s (+2.1%)22.229s (+1.7%)0.802s51.03x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.360s (+1.7%)2.008s (~)0.648s151.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.639s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s (~)2.012s (~)0.628s151.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.398s (-0.6%)2.006s (~)0.608s151.03x
💻 LocalExpress1.407s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.600s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.890s (+15.1% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.126s151.39x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.160s (+1.6%)3.014s (~)0.854s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.226s (+1.0%)3.013s (~)0.787s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.382s (+40.1% 🔺)3.012s (+49.7% 🔺)0.630s101.75x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.399s (-2.1%)3.011s (~)0.612s101.76x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.941s (+13.2% 🔺)3.715s (+3.6%)0.774s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.008s (-57.2% 🟢)3.784s (-51.3% 🟢)0.775s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.302s (-18.8% 🟢)4.139s (-17.4% 🟢)0.837s81.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.140s (+1.6%)3.033s (~)0.893s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (-1.8%)3.123s (-1.4%)0.949s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.216s (~)3.159s (~)0.942s101.04x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.477s (+1.1%)3.010s (~)0.533s101.16x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.489s (+0.5%)3.014s (~)0.524s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.677s (+5.5% 🔺)3.028s (~)0.351s101.25x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.101s (+7.9% 🔺)3.764s (+25.1% 🔺)0.663s81.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.137s (+8.9% 🔺)3.772s (+21.0% 🔺)0.635s81.47x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.683s (+0.8%)5.182s (~)0.499s62.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.702s (+0.9%)5.181s (~)0.479s62.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.342s (+0.7%)4.040s (~)0.698s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.592s (+9.1% 🔺)4.302s (+9.3% 🔺)0.710s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.242s (+31.4% 🔺)5.079s (+28.7% 🔺)0.837s61.27x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.349s (-0.9%)2.010s (~)0.661s151.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+2.5%)2.008s (~)0.637s151.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.398s (~)2.015s (~)0.618s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.410s (-0.9%)2.006s (~)0.596s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.006s (~)0.582s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.639s (-5.6% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.377s151.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.895s (-14.4% 🟢)2.229s (-25.9% 🟢)0.334s141.41x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.051s (+22.0% 🔺)2.322s (+15.5% 🔺)0.270s131.52x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.141s (-0.8%)3.014s (~)0.872s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.212s (-0.6%)3.020s (~)0.808s101.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.741s (-15.4% 🟢)3.564s (-12.6% 🟢)0.823s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.954s (+2.7%)3.981s (+7.6% 🔺)1.027s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro5.192s (+89.5% 🔺)6.155s (+67.7% 🔺)0.963s51.89x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro2.204s (-3.9%)3.116s (-3.1%)0.912s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.289s (+7.1% 🔺)3.155s (+2.3%)0.866s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.328s (+3.3%)3.265s (+1.7%)0.937s101.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (~)3.011s (-0.9%)0.533s101.12x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (+2.0%)3.010s (~)0.532s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.513s (+6.2% 🔺)3.022s (~)0.509s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.855s (+8.1% 🔺)3.011s (-3.8%)0.156s101.30x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.925s (-4.5%)3.016s (-20.1% 🟢)0.092s101.33x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.697s (+0.7%)5.180s (~)0.483s62.13x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.749s (+2.3%)5.181s (~)0.432s62.16x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.231s (-31.1% 🟢)3.825s (-40.2% 🟢)0.594s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.289s (-39.3% 🟢)3.702s (-38.3% 🟢)0.413s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.071s (-38.6% 🟢)4.679s (-38.6% 🟢)0.608s71.26x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.132s (-0.7%)1.006s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.881s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.139s (+1.1%)1.003s (~)0.017s (-8.7% 🟢)1.027s (~)0.889s101.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.146s (+2.2%)1.005s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.868s101.11x
💻 LocalExpress0.173s (-3.5%)0.992s (~)0.015s (-17.9% 🟢)1.021s (~)0.848s101.31x
💻 LocalNitro0.173s (-1.0%)0.992s (~)0.016s (-13.8% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.849s101.32x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.464s (-8.2% 🟢)0.984s (+4.4%)0.000s (NaN%)1.012s (~)0.549s103.52x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.470s (-7.6% 🟢)0.981s (+4.2%)0.000s (~)1.014s (~)0.544s103.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.259s (+33.5% 🔺)1.355s (+27.2% 🔺)0.000s (-97.0% 🟢)1.717s (+30.0% 🔺)0.458s109.56x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.365s (-42.0% 🟢)1.675s (-37.6% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.011s (-33.2% 🟢)0.646s1010.37x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.296s (+10.1% 🔺)2.745s (-0.6%)0.000s (NaN%)3.015s (+3.3%)0.719s1017.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.581s (-0.9%)3.185s (-1.8%)0.179s (-49.3% 🟢)3.808s (-4.3%)1.226s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.690s (+3.5%)3.086s (~)0.303s (-6.2% 🟢)3.801s (-1.6%)1.112s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.720s (+6.4% 🔺)3.248s (+4.2%)0.553s (+57.5% 🔺)4.230s (+9.8% 🔺)1.510s101.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
▲ VercelExpress5/8
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Starter4/8
Nitro💻 Local8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production286011297
✅ 💻 Local Development26208270
✅ 📦 Local Production26208270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres26208270
✅ 🪟 Windows270027
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds80400120
Total117940351254

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)

mongodb-dev (3 failed):

  • dev e2e should rebuild on step change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file

mongodb (27 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • readableStreamWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • outputStreamWorkflow
  • outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter

redis (1 failed):

  • webhookWorkflow

starter (8 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step

turso (1 failed):

  • webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro2601
✅ example2601
✅ express2601
✅ fastify2601
✅ hono2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack2601
✅ nextjs-webpack2601
✅ nitro2601
✅ nuxt2601
✅ sveltekit2601
✅ vite2601
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack2700
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
❌ mongodb-dev030
❌ mongodb0270
✅ redis-dev300
❌ redis2610
✅ starter-dev300
❌ starter1980
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso2610

📋 View full workflow run

VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious approved these changes Dec 27, 2025
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LGTM! Thanks

Comment threadpackages/ai/README.md Outdated

await agent.stream({
messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello!' }],
writable: getWritable(),

@VaguelySeriousVaguelySeriousDec 27, 2025

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This only works inside a workflow context, so the usage example isn't standalone. I think we should remove it in favor of a link to https://useworkflow.dev/docs/api-reference/workflow-ai/ and then update that index page to talk about the versioning. I can handle the updates to the docs

@ctatectateDec 27, 2025

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Good call. Just removed it

VaguelySeriousand others added 3 commits December 27, 2025 15:42
@VaguelySerious
Changeset
8a6167b
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@ctate
update readme
9583796
@ctate
Merge branch 'ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/w…
ac7f81d
…orkflow into ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
@VaguelySerious
VaguelySerious merged commit b97b87b into mainDec 27, 2025
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Add AI SDK v6 support by ctate · Pull Request #692 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Add AI SDK v6 support - #692
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Add AI SDK v6 support#692
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ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
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Adds support for AI SDK v6 while maintaining backwards compatibility with v5.
Changes
  • Update peer dependency to ai: ^5 || ^6
  • Add CompatibleLanguageModel type to handle both LanguageModelV2 (v5) and LanguageModelV3 (v6)
  • Update @ai-sdk/provider dependency to ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0
  • Move provider packages to optional dependencies with compatible version ranges
  • Add AI SDK compatibility documentation to README
How it works
Both AI SDK versions use structurally compatible model interfaces. The package uses V2 types from @ai-sdk/provider (which are exported by both v2.x and v3.x) and casts V3 models to a compatible interface at runtime.
Testing
  • All existing tests pass
  • Type-checked against both AI SDK v5 and v6
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: ac7f81d
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.037s (-5.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.978s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.039s (+4.0%)1.018s (~)0.978s101.07x
💻 LocalNitro0.042s (+0.7%)1.007s (~)0.965s101.14x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s (+12.2% 🔺)1.018s (~)0.975s101.16x
💻 LocalExpress0.052s (+16.9% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.955s101.43x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.062s (-14.4% 🟢)1.014s (~)0.952s101.69x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.102s (+2.0%)1.014s (~)0.911s102.80x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (+41.7% 🔺)1.025s (~)0.740s107.78x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-1.2%)1.012s (~)0.702s108.45x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.424s (+7.8% 🔺)1.022s (~)0.597s1011.59x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.550s (+10.2% 🔺)1.529s (+9.1% 🔺)0.979s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.578s (+14.9% 🔺)1.499s (-1.6%)0.921s101.05x
▲ VercelNitro0.608s (+21.1% 🔺)1.554s (+11.0% 🔺)0.946s101.10x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.093s (-0.5%)2.013s (~)0.920s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.096s (~)2.011s (~)0.915s101.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.097s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.112s (~)2.007s (~)0.895s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.113s (~)2.006s (~)0.893s101.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.296s (-0.6%)2.012s (~)0.716s101.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s (-0.7%)2.012s (~)0.708s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.122s (+41.9% 🔺)2.718s (+34.8% 🔺)0.596s101.94x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.151s (-4.3%)3.014s (~)0.863s101.97x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.173s (~)3.014s (~)0.841s101.99x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.515s (-4.8%)3.603s (-1.3%)1.088s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.543s (-2.9%)3.484s (-5.8% 🟢)0.940s101.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.603s (-11.4% 🟢)3.537s (-7.6% 🟢)0.934s101.03x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.603s (~)11.013s (~)0.410s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.658s (~)11.018s (~)0.359s51.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.676s (~)11.020s (~)0.344s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.774s (~)11.015s (~)0.241s51.02x
💻 LocalExpress10.785s (~)11.012s (~)0.227s51.02x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)12.199s (~)13.023s (~)0.824s51.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.208s (~)13.029s (~)0.822s51.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)15.188s (+5.9% 🔺)16.033s (+6.6% 🔺)0.845s51.43x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.120s (-1.5%)20.628s (-1.9%)0.508s51.90x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.468s (~)21.030s (~)0.562s51.93x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.882s (-4.7%)21.790s (-4.5%)0.908s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress21.170s (-0.9%)22.123s (~)0.953s51.01x
▲ VercelNitro21.426s (+2.1%)22.229s (+1.7%)0.802s51.03x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.360s (+1.7%)2.008s (~)0.648s151.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.639s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s (~)2.012s (~)0.628s151.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.398s (-0.6%)2.006s (~)0.608s151.03x
💻 LocalExpress1.407s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.600s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.890s (+15.1% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.126s151.39x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.160s (+1.6%)3.014s (~)0.854s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.226s (+1.0%)3.013s (~)0.787s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.382s (+40.1% 🔺)3.012s (+49.7% 🔺)0.630s101.75x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.399s (-2.1%)3.011s (~)0.612s101.76x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.941s (+13.2% 🔺)3.715s (+3.6%)0.774s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.008s (-57.2% 🟢)3.784s (-51.3% 🟢)0.775s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.302s (-18.8% 🟢)4.139s (-17.4% 🟢)0.837s81.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.140s (+1.6%)3.033s (~)0.893s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (-1.8%)3.123s (-1.4%)0.949s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.216s (~)3.159s (~)0.942s101.04x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.477s (+1.1%)3.010s (~)0.533s101.16x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.489s (+0.5%)3.014s (~)0.524s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.677s (+5.5% 🔺)3.028s (~)0.351s101.25x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.101s (+7.9% 🔺)3.764s (+25.1% 🔺)0.663s81.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.137s (+8.9% 🔺)3.772s (+21.0% 🔺)0.635s81.47x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.683s (+0.8%)5.182s (~)0.499s62.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.702s (+0.9%)5.181s (~)0.479s62.20x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.342s (+0.7%)4.040s (~)0.698s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.592s (+9.1% 🔺)4.302s (+9.3% 🔺)0.710s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.242s (+31.4% 🔺)5.079s (+28.7% 🔺)0.837s61.27x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.349s (-0.9%)2.010s (~)0.661s151.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+2.5%)2.008s (~)0.637s151.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.398s (~)2.015s (~)0.618s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.410s (-0.9%)2.006s (~)0.596s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.006s (~)0.582s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.639s (-5.6% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.377s151.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.895s (-14.4% 🟢)2.229s (-25.9% 🟢)0.334s141.41x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.051s (+22.0% 🔺)2.322s (+15.5% 🔺)0.270s131.52x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.141s (-0.8%)3.014s (~)0.872s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.212s (-0.6%)3.020s (~)0.808s101.64x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.741s (-15.4% 🟢)3.564s (-12.6% 🟢)0.823s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.954s (+2.7%)3.981s (+7.6% 🔺)1.027s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro5.192s (+89.5% 🔺)6.155s (+67.7% 🔺)0.963s51.89x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro2.204s (-3.9%)3.116s (-3.1%)0.912s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.289s (+7.1% 🔺)3.155s (+2.3%)0.866s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.328s (+3.3%)3.265s (+1.7%)0.937s101.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (~)3.011s (-0.9%)0.533s101.12x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (+2.0%)3.010s (~)0.532s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.513s (+6.2% 🔺)3.022s (~)0.509s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.855s (+8.1% 🔺)3.011s (-3.8%)0.156s101.30x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.925s (-4.5%)3.016s (-20.1% 🟢)0.092s101.33x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.697s (+0.7%)5.180s (~)0.483s62.13x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.749s (+2.3%)5.181s (~)0.432s62.16x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.231s (-31.1% 🟢)3.825s (-40.2% 🟢)0.594s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.289s (-39.3% 🟢)3.702s (-38.3% 🟢)0.413s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.071s (-38.6% 🟢)4.679s (-38.6% 🟢)0.608s71.26x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.132s (-0.7%)1.006s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.881s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.139s (+1.1%)1.003s (~)0.017s (-8.7% 🟢)1.027s (~)0.889s101.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.146s (+2.2%)1.005s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.868s101.11x
💻 LocalExpress0.173s (-3.5%)0.992s (~)0.015s (-17.9% 🟢)1.021s (~)0.848s101.31x
💻 LocalNitro0.173s (-1.0%)0.992s (~)0.016s (-13.8% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.849s101.32x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.464s (-8.2% 🟢)0.984s (+4.4%)0.000s (NaN%)1.012s (~)0.549s103.52x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.470s (-7.6% 🟢)0.981s (+4.2%)0.000s (~)1.014s (~)0.544s103.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.259s (+33.5% 🔺)1.355s (+27.2% 🔺)0.000s (-97.0% 🟢)1.717s (+30.0% 🔺)0.458s109.56x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.365s (-42.0% 🟢)1.675s (-37.6% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.011s (-33.2% 🟢)0.646s1010.37x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.296s (+10.1% 🔺)2.745s (-0.6%)0.000s (NaN%)3.015s (+3.3%)0.719s1017.43x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.581s (-0.9%)3.185s (-1.8%)0.179s (-49.3% 🟢)3.808s (-4.3%)1.226s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.690s (+3.5%)3.086s (~)0.303s (-6.2% 🟢)3.801s (-1.6%)1.112s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.720s (+6.4% 🔺)3.248s (+4.2%)0.553s (+57.5% 🔺)4.230s (+9.8% 🔺)1.510s101.05x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
▲ VercelExpress5/8
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Starter4/8
Nitro💻 Local8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production286011297
✅ 💻 Local Development26208270
✅ 📦 Local Production26208270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres26208270
✅ 🪟 Windows270027
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds80400120
Total117940351254
❌ Failed Tests
🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)
mongodb-dev (3 failed):
  • dev e2e should rebuild on step change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file
mongodb (27 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • readableStreamWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • outputStreamWorkflow
  • outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
redis (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
starter (8 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
turso (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
Details by Category
✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro2601
✅ example2601
✅ express2601
✅ fastify2601
✅ hono2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack2601
✅ nextjs-webpack2601
✅ nitro2601
✅ nuxt2601
✅ sveltekit2601
✅ vite2601
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
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LGTM! Thanks
Comment threadpackages/ai/README.md
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await agent.stream({
 messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello!' }],
 writable: getWritable(),
@VaguelySeriousVaguelySeriousDec 27, 2025

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This only works inside a workflow context, so the usage example isn't standalone. I think we should remove it in favor of a link to https://useworkflow.dev/docs/api-reference/workflow-ai/ and then update that index page to talk about the versioning. I can handle the updates to the docs
@ctatectateDec 27, 2025

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Good call. Just removed it
VaguelySeriousand others
added 3 commits
December 27, 2025 15:42
@VaguelySerious
Changeset
8a6167b
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@ctate
update readme
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@ctate
Merge branch 'ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/w…
ac7f81d
…orkflow into ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
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Add AI SDK v6 support by ctate · Pull Request #692 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Add AI SDK v6 support - #692
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Adds support for AI SDK v6 while maintaining backwards compatibility with v5.
Changes
  • Update peer dependency to ai: ^5 || ^6
  • Add CompatibleLanguageModel type to handle both LanguageModelV2 (v5) and LanguageModelV3 (v6)
  • Update @ai-sdk/provider dependency to ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0
  • Move provider packages to optional dependencies with compatible version ranges
  • Add AI SDK compatibility documentation to README
How it works
Both AI SDK versions use structurally compatible model interfaces. The package uses V2 types from @ai-sdk/provider (which are exported by both v2.x and v3.x) and casts V3 models to a compatible interface at runtime.
Testing
  • All existing tests pass
  • Type-checked against both AI SDK v5 and v6
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: ac7f81d
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.037s (-5.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.978s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.039s (+4.0%)1.018s (~)0.978s101.07x
💻 LocalNitro0.042s (+0.7%)1.007s (~)0.965s101.14x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s (+12.2% 🔺)1.018s (~)0.975s101.16x
💻 LocalExpress0.052s (+16.9% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.955s101.43x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.062s (-14.4% 🟢)1.014s (~)0.952s101.69x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.102s (+2.0%)1.014s (~)0.911s102.80x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (+41.7% 🔺)1.025s (~)0.740s107.78x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-1.2%)1.012s (~)0.702s108.45x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.424s (+7.8% 🔺)1.022s (~)0.597s1011.59x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.550s (+10.2% 🔺)1.529s (+9.1% 🔺)0.979s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.578s (+14.9% 🔺)1.499s (-1.6%)0.921s101.05x
▲ VercelNitro0.608s (+21.1% 🔺)1.554s (+11.0% 🔺)0.946s101.10x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.093s (-0.5%)2.013s (~)0.920s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.096s (~)2.011s (~)0.915s101.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.097s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.112s (~)2.007s (~)0.895s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.113s (~)2.006s (~)0.893s101.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.296s (-0.6%)2.012s (~)0.716s101.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s (-0.7%)2.012s (~)0.708s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.122s (+41.9% 🔺)2.718s (+34.8% 🔺)0.596s101.94x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.151s (-4.3%)3.014s (~)0.863s101.97x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.173s (~)3.014s (~)0.841s101.99x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.515s (-4.8%)3.603s (-1.3%)1.088s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.543s (-2.9%)3.484s (-5.8% 🟢)0.940s101.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.603s (-11.4% 🟢)3.537s (-7.6% 🟢)0.934s101.03x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.603s (~)11.013s (~)0.410s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.658s (~)11.018s (~)0.359s51.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.676s (~)11.020s (~)0.344s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.774s (~)11.015s (~)0.241s51.02x
💻 LocalExpress10.785s (~)11.012s (~)0.227s51.02x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)12.199s (~)13.023s (~)0.824s51.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.208s (~)13.029s (~)0.822s51.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)15.188s (+5.9% 🔺)16.033s (+6.6% 🔺)0.845s51.43x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.120s (-1.5%)20.628s (-1.9%)0.508s51.90x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.468s (~)21.030s (~)0.562s51.93x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.882s (-4.7%)21.790s (-4.5%)0.908s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress21.170s (-0.9%)22.123s (~)0.953s51.01x
▲ VercelNitro21.426s (+2.1%)22.229s (+1.7%)0.802s51.03x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.360s (+1.7%)2.008s (~)0.648s151.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.639s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s (~)2.012s (~)0.628s151.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.398s (-0.6%)2.006s (~)0.608s151.03x
💻 LocalExpress1.407s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.600s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.890s (+15.1% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.126s151.39x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.160s (+1.6%)3.014s (~)0.854s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.226s (+1.0%)3.013s (~)0.787s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.382s (+40.1% 🔺)3.012s (+49.7% 🔺)0.630s101.75x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.399s (-2.1%)3.011s (~)0.612s101.76x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.941s (+13.2% 🔺)3.715s (+3.6%)0.774s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.008s (-57.2% 🟢)3.784s (-51.3% 🟢)0.775s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.302s (-18.8% 🟢)4.139s (-17.4% 🟢)0.837s81.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.140s (+1.6%)3.033s (~)0.893s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (-1.8%)3.123s (-1.4%)0.949s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.216s (~)3.159s (~)0.942s101.04x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.477s (+1.1%)3.010s (~)0.533s101.16x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.489s (+0.5%)3.014s (~)0.524s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.677s (+5.5% 🔺)3.028s (~)0.351s101.25x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.101s (+7.9% 🔺)3.764s (+25.1% 🔺)0.663s81.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.137s (+8.9% 🔺)3.772s (+21.0% 🔺)0.635s81.47x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.683s (+0.8%)5.182s (~)0.499s62.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.702s (+0.9%)5.181s (~)0.479s62.20x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.342s (+0.7%)4.040s (~)0.698s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.592s (+9.1% 🔺)4.302s (+9.3% 🔺)0.710s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.242s (+31.4% 🔺)5.079s (+28.7% 🔺)0.837s61.27x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.349s (-0.9%)2.010s (~)0.661s151.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+2.5%)2.008s (~)0.637s151.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.398s (~)2.015s (~)0.618s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.410s (-0.9%)2.006s (~)0.596s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.006s (~)0.582s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.639s (-5.6% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.377s151.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.895s (-14.4% 🟢)2.229s (-25.9% 🟢)0.334s141.41x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.051s (+22.0% 🔺)2.322s (+15.5% 🔺)0.270s131.52x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.141s (-0.8%)3.014s (~)0.872s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.212s (-0.6%)3.020s (~)0.808s101.64x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.741s (-15.4% 🟢)3.564s (-12.6% 🟢)0.823s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.954s (+2.7%)3.981s (+7.6% 🔺)1.027s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro5.192s (+89.5% 🔺)6.155s (+67.7% 🔺)0.963s51.89x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro2.204s (-3.9%)3.116s (-3.1%)0.912s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.289s (+7.1% 🔺)3.155s (+2.3%)0.866s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.328s (+3.3%)3.265s (+1.7%)0.937s101.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (~)3.011s (-0.9%)0.533s101.12x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (+2.0%)3.010s (~)0.532s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.513s (+6.2% 🔺)3.022s (~)0.509s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.855s (+8.1% 🔺)3.011s (-3.8%)0.156s101.30x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.925s (-4.5%)3.016s (-20.1% 🟢)0.092s101.33x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.697s (+0.7%)5.180s (~)0.483s62.13x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.749s (+2.3%)5.181s (~)0.432s62.16x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.231s (-31.1% 🟢)3.825s (-40.2% 🟢)0.594s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.289s (-39.3% 🟢)3.702s (-38.3% 🟢)0.413s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.071s (-38.6% 🟢)4.679s (-38.6% 🟢)0.608s71.26x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.132s (-0.7%)1.006s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.881s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.139s (+1.1%)1.003s (~)0.017s (-8.7% 🟢)1.027s (~)0.889s101.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.146s (+2.2%)1.005s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.868s101.11x
💻 LocalExpress0.173s (-3.5%)0.992s (~)0.015s (-17.9% 🟢)1.021s (~)0.848s101.31x
💻 LocalNitro0.173s (-1.0%)0.992s (~)0.016s (-13.8% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.849s101.32x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.464s (-8.2% 🟢)0.984s (+4.4%)0.000s (NaN%)1.012s (~)0.549s103.52x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.470s (-7.6% 🟢)0.981s (+4.2%)0.000s (~)1.014s (~)0.544s103.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.259s (+33.5% 🔺)1.355s (+27.2% 🔺)0.000s (-97.0% 🟢)1.717s (+30.0% 🔺)0.458s109.56x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.365s (-42.0% 🟢)1.675s (-37.6% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.011s (-33.2% 🟢)0.646s1010.37x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.296s (+10.1% 🔺)2.745s (-0.6%)0.000s (NaN%)3.015s (+3.3%)0.719s1017.43x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.581s (-0.9%)3.185s (-1.8%)0.179s (-49.3% 🟢)3.808s (-4.3%)1.226s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.690s (+3.5%)3.086s (~)0.303s (-6.2% 🟢)3.801s (-1.6%)1.112s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.720s (+6.4% 🔺)3.248s (+4.2%)0.553s (+57.5% 🔺)4.230s (+9.8% 🔺)1.510s101.05x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
▲ VercelExpress5/8
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Starter4/8
Nitro💻 Local8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production286011297
✅ 💻 Local Development26208270
✅ 📦 Local Production26208270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres26208270
✅ 🪟 Windows270027
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds80400120
Total117940351254
❌ Failed Tests
🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)
mongodb-dev (3 failed):
  • dev e2e should rebuild on step change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file
mongodb (27 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • readableStreamWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • outputStreamWorkflow
  • outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
redis (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
starter (8 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
turso (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
Details by Category
✅ ▲ Vercel Production
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✅ astro2601
✅ example2601
✅ express2601
✅ fastify2601
✅ hono2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack2601
✅ nextjs-webpack2601
✅ nitro2601
✅ nuxt2601
✅ sveltekit2601
✅ vite2601
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack2700
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
❌ mongodb-dev030
❌ mongodb0270
✅ redis-dev300
❌ redis2610
✅ starter-dev300
❌ starter1980
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso2610
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VaguelySerious
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LGTM! Thanks
Comment threadpackages/ai/README.md
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 messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello!' }],
 writable: getWritable(),
@VaguelySeriousVaguelySeriousDec 27, 2025

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This only works inside a workflow context, so the usage example isn't standalone. I think we should remove it in favor of a link to https://useworkflow.dev/docs/api-reference/workflow-ai/ and then update that index page to talk about the versioning. I can handle the updates to the docs
@ctatectateDec 27, 2025

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Good call. Just removed it
VaguelySeriousand others
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Changeset
8a6167b
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@ctate
update readme
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Merge branch 'ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/w…
ac7f81d
…orkflow into ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
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Add AI SDK v6 support by ctate · Pull Request #692 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Adds support for AI SDK v6 while maintaining backwards compatibility with v5.
Changes
  • Update peer dependency to ai: ^5 || ^6
  • Add CompatibleLanguageModel type to handle both LanguageModelV2 (v5) and LanguageModelV3 (v6)
  • Update @ai-sdk/provider dependency to ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0
  • Move provider packages to optional dependencies with compatible version ranges
  • Add AI SDK compatibility documentation to README
How it works
Both AI SDK versions use structurally compatible model interfaces. The package uses V2 types from @ai-sdk/provider (which are exported by both v2.x and v3.x) and casts V3 models to a compatible interface at runtime.
Testing
  • All existing tests pass
  • Type-checked against both AI SDK v5 and v6
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: ac7f81d
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.037s (-5.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.978s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.039s (+4.0%)1.018s (~)0.978s101.07x
💻 LocalNitro0.042s (+0.7%)1.007s (~)0.965s101.14x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s (+12.2% 🔺)1.018s (~)0.975s101.16x
💻 LocalExpress0.052s (+16.9% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.955s101.43x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.062s (-14.4% 🟢)1.014s (~)0.952s101.69x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.102s (+2.0%)1.014s (~)0.911s102.80x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (+41.7% 🔺)1.025s (~)0.740s107.78x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-1.2%)1.012s (~)0.702s108.45x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.424s (+7.8% 🔺)1.022s (~)0.597s1011.59x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.550s (+10.2% 🔺)1.529s (+9.1% 🔺)0.979s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.578s (+14.9% 🔺)1.499s (-1.6%)0.921s101.05x
▲ VercelNitro0.608s (+21.1% 🔺)1.554s (+11.0% 🔺)0.946s101.10x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.093s (-0.5%)2.013s (~)0.920s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.096s (~)2.011s (~)0.915s101.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.097s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.112s (~)2.007s (~)0.895s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.113s (~)2.006s (~)0.893s101.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.296s (-0.6%)2.012s (~)0.716s101.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s (-0.7%)2.012s (~)0.708s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.122s (+41.9% 🔺)2.718s (+34.8% 🔺)0.596s101.94x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.151s (-4.3%)3.014s (~)0.863s101.97x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.173s (~)3.014s (~)0.841s101.99x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.515s (-4.8%)3.603s (-1.3%)1.088s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.543s (-2.9%)3.484s (-5.8% 🟢)0.940s101.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.603s (-11.4% 🟢)3.537s (-7.6% 🟢)0.934s101.03x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.603s (~)11.013s (~)0.410s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.658s (~)11.018s (~)0.359s51.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.676s (~)11.020s (~)0.344s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.774s (~)11.015s (~)0.241s51.02x
💻 LocalExpress10.785s (~)11.012s (~)0.227s51.02x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)12.199s (~)13.023s (~)0.824s51.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.208s (~)13.029s (~)0.822s51.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)15.188s (+5.9% 🔺)16.033s (+6.6% 🔺)0.845s51.43x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.120s (-1.5%)20.628s (-1.9%)0.508s51.90x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.468s (~)21.030s (~)0.562s51.93x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.882s (-4.7%)21.790s (-4.5%)0.908s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress21.170s (-0.9%)22.123s (~)0.953s51.01x
▲ VercelNitro21.426s (+2.1%)22.229s (+1.7%)0.802s51.03x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.360s (+1.7%)2.008s (~)0.648s151.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.639s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s (~)2.012s (~)0.628s151.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.398s (-0.6%)2.006s (~)0.608s151.03x
💻 LocalExpress1.407s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.600s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.890s (+15.1% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.126s151.39x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.160s (+1.6%)3.014s (~)0.854s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.226s (+1.0%)3.013s (~)0.787s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.382s (+40.1% 🔺)3.012s (+49.7% 🔺)0.630s101.75x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.399s (-2.1%)3.011s (~)0.612s101.76x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.941s (+13.2% 🔺)3.715s (+3.6%)0.774s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.008s (-57.2% 🟢)3.784s (-51.3% 🟢)0.775s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.302s (-18.8% 🟢)4.139s (-17.4% 🟢)0.837s81.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.140s (+1.6%)3.033s (~)0.893s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (-1.8%)3.123s (-1.4%)0.949s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.216s (~)3.159s (~)0.942s101.04x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.477s (+1.1%)3.010s (~)0.533s101.16x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.489s (+0.5%)3.014s (~)0.524s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.677s (+5.5% 🔺)3.028s (~)0.351s101.25x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.101s (+7.9% 🔺)3.764s (+25.1% 🔺)0.663s81.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.137s (+8.9% 🔺)3.772s (+21.0% 🔺)0.635s81.47x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.683s (+0.8%)5.182s (~)0.499s62.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.702s (+0.9%)5.181s (~)0.479s62.20x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.342s (+0.7%)4.040s (~)0.698s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.592s (+9.1% 🔺)4.302s (+9.3% 🔺)0.710s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.242s (+31.4% 🔺)5.079s (+28.7% 🔺)0.837s61.27x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.349s (-0.9%)2.010s (~)0.661s151.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+2.5%)2.008s (~)0.637s151.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.398s (~)2.015s (~)0.618s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.410s (-0.9%)2.006s (~)0.596s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.006s (~)0.582s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.639s (-5.6% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.377s151.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.895s (-14.4% 🟢)2.229s (-25.9% 🟢)0.334s141.41x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.051s (+22.0% 🔺)2.322s (+15.5% 🔺)0.270s131.52x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.141s (-0.8%)3.014s (~)0.872s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.212s (-0.6%)3.020s (~)0.808s101.64x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.741s (-15.4% 🟢)3.564s (-12.6% 🟢)0.823s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.954s (+2.7%)3.981s (+7.6% 🔺)1.027s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro5.192s (+89.5% 🔺)6.155s (+67.7% 🔺)0.963s51.89x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro2.204s (-3.9%)3.116s (-3.1%)0.912s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.289s (+7.1% 🔺)3.155s (+2.3%)0.866s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.328s (+3.3%)3.265s (+1.7%)0.937s101.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (~)3.011s (-0.9%)0.533s101.12x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (+2.0%)3.010s (~)0.532s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.513s (+6.2% 🔺)3.022s (~)0.509s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.855s (+8.1% 🔺)3.011s (-3.8%)0.156s101.30x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.925s (-4.5%)3.016s (-20.1% 🟢)0.092s101.33x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.697s (+0.7%)5.180s (~)0.483s62.13x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.749s (+2.3%)5.181s (~)0.432s62.16x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.231s (-31.1% 🟢)3.825s (-40.2% 🟢)0.594s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.289s (-39.3% 🟢)3.702s (-38.3% 🟢)0.413s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.071s (-38.6% 🟢)4.679s (-38.6% 🟢)0.608s71.26x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.132s (-0.7%)1.006s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.881s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.139s (+1.1%)1.003s (~)0.017s (-8.7% 🟢)1.027s (~)0.889s101.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.146s (+2.2%)1.005s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.868s101.11x
💻 LocalExpress0.173s (-3.5%)0.992s (~)0.015s (-17.9% 🟢)1.021s (~)0.848s101.31x
💻 LocalNitro0.173s (-1.0%)0.992s (~)0.016s (-13.8% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.849s101.32x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.464s (-8.2% 🟢)0.984s (+4.4%)0.000s (NaN%)1.012s (~)0.549s103.52x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.470s (-7.6% 🟢)0.981s (+4.2%)0.000s (~)1.014s (~)0.544s103.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.259s (+33.5% 🔺)1.355s (+27.2% 🔺)0.000s (-97.0% 🟢)1.717s (+30.0% 🔺)0.458s109.56x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.365s (-42.0% 🟢)1.675s (-37.6% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.011s (-33.2% 🟢)0.646s1010.37x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.296s (+10.1% 🔺)2.745s (-0.6%)0.000s (NaN%)3.015s (+3.3%)0.719s1017.43x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.581s (-0.9%)3.185s (-1.8%)0.179s (-49.3% 🟢)3.808s (-4.3%)1.226s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.690s (+3.5%)3.086s (~)0.303s (-6.2% 🟢)3.801s (-1.6%)1.112s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.720s (+6.4% 🔺)3.248s (+4.2%)0.553s (+57.5% 🔺)4.230s (+9.8% 🔺)1.510s101.05x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
▲ VercelExpress5/8
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Starter4/8
Nitro💻 Local8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production286011297
✅ 💻 Local Development26208270
✅ 📦 Local Production26208270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres26208270
✅ 🪟 Windows270027
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds80400120
Total117940351254
❌ Failed Tests
🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)
mongodb-dev (3 failed):
  • dev e2e should rebuild on step change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file
mongodb (27 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • readableStreamWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • outputStreamWorkflow
  • outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
redis (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
starter (8 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
turso (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
Details by Category
✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro2601
✅ example2601
✅ express2601
✅ fastify2601
✅ hono2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack2601
✅ nextjs-webpack2601
✅ nitro2601
✅ nuxt2601
✅ sveltekit2601
✅ vite2601
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack2700
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
❌ mongodb-dev030
❌ mongodb0270
✅ redis-dev300
❌ redis2610
✅ starter-dev300
❌ starter1980
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso2610
📋 View full workflow run
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LGTM! Thanks
Comment threadpackages/ai/README.md
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await agent.stream({
 messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello!' }],
 writable: getWritable(),
@VaguelySeriousVaguelySeriousDec 27, 2025

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This only works inside a workflow context, so the usage example isn't standalone. I think we should remove it in favor of a link to https://useworkflow.dev/docs/api-reference/workflow-ai/ and then update that index page to talk about the versioning. I can handle the updates to the docs
@ctatectateDec 27, 2025

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Good call. Just removed it
VaguelySeriousand others
added 3 commits
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@VaguelySerious
Changeset
8a6167b
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@ctate
update readme
9583796
@ctate
Merge branch 'ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/w…
ac7f81d
…orkflow into ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
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try {
var __m = "youtube.com";
var __re = new RegExp('^' + "youtube\\.com" + '
Add AI SDK v6 support by ctate · Pull Request #692 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Add AI SDK v6 support#692
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Adds support for AI SDK v6 while maintaining backwards compatibility with v5.
Changes
  • Update peer dependency to ai: ^5 || ^6
  • Add CompatibleLanguageModel type to handle both LanguageModelV2 (v5) and LanguageModelV3 (v6)
  • Update @ai-sdk/provider dependency to ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0
  • Move provider packages to optional dependencies with compatible version ranges
  • Add AI SDK compatibility documentation to README
How it works
Both AI SDK versions use structurally compatible model interfaces. The package uses V2 types from @ai-sdk/provider (which are exported by both v2.x and v3.x) and casts V3 models to a compatible interface at runtime.
Testing
  • All existing tests pass
  • Type-checked against both AI SDK v5 and v6
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: ac7f81d
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.037s (-5.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.978s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.039s (+4.0%)1.018s (~)0.978s101.07x
💻 LocalNitro0.042s (+0.7%)1.007s (~)0.965s101.14x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s (+12.2% 🔺)1.018s (~)0.975s101.16x
💻 LocalExpress0.052s (+16.9% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.955s101.43x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.062s (-14.4% 🟢)1.014s (~)0.952s101.69x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.102s (+2.0%)1.014s (~)0.911s102.80x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (+41.7% 🔺)1.025s (~)0.740s107.78x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-1.2%)1.012s (~)0.702s108.45x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.424s (+7.8% 🔺)1.022s (~)0.597s1011.59x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.550s (+10.2% 🔺)1.529s (+9.1% 🔺)0.979s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.578s (+14.9% 🔺)1.499s (-1.6%)0.921s101.05x
▲ VercelNitro0.608s (+21.1% 🔺)1.554s (+11.0% 🔺)0.946s101.10x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.093s (-0.5%)2.013s (~)0.920s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.096s (~)2.011s (~)0.915s101.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.097s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.112s (~)2.007s (~)0.895s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.113s (~)2.006s (~)0.893s101.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.296s (-0.6%)2.012s (~)0.716s101.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s (-0.7%)2.012s (~)0.708s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.122s (+41.9% 🔺)2.718s (+34.8% 🔺)0.596s101.94x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.151s (-4.3%)3.014s (~)0.863s101.97x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.173s (~)3.014s (~)0.841s101.99x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.515s (-4.8%)3.603s (-1.3%)1.088s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.543s (-2.9%)3.484s (-5.8% 🟢)0.940s101.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.603s (-11.4% 🟢)3.537s (-7.6% 🟢)0.934s101.03x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.603s (~)11.013s (~)0.410s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.658s (~)11.018s (~)0.359s51.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.676s (~)11.020s (~)0.344s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.774s (~)11.015s (~)0.241s51.02x
💻 LocalExpress10.785s (~)11.012s (~)0.227s51.02x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)12.199s (~)13.023s (~)0.824s51.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.208s (~)13.029s (~)0.822s51.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)15.188s (+5.9% 🔺)16.033s (+6.6% 🔺)0.845s51.43x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.120s (-1.5%)20.628s (-1.9%)0.508s51.90x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.468s (~)21.030s (~)0.562s51.93x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.882s (-4.7%)21.790s (-4.5%)0.908s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress21.170s (-0.9%)22.123s (~)0.953s51.01x
▲ VercelNitro21.426s (+2.1%)22.229s (+1.7%)0.802s51.03x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.360s (+1.7%)2.008s (~)0.648s151.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.639s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s (~)2.012s (~)0.628s151.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.398s (-0.6%)2.006s (~)0.608s151.03x
💻 LocalExpress1.407s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.600s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.890s (+15.1% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.126s151.39x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.160s (+1.6%)3.014s (~)0.854s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.226s (+1.0%)3.013s (~)0.787s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.382s (+40.1% 🔺)3.012s (+49.7% 🔺)0.630s101.75x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.399s (-2.1%)3.011s (~)0.612s101.76x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.941s (+13.2% 🔺)3.715s (+3.6%)0.774s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.008s (-57.2% 🟢)3.784s (-51.3% 🟢)0.775s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.302s (-18.8% 🟢)4.139s (-17.4% 🟢)0.837s81.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.140s (+1.6%)3.033s (~)0.893s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (-1.8%)3.123s (-1.4%)0.949s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.216s (~)3.159s (~)0.942s101.04x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.477s (+1.1%)3.010s (~)0.533s101.16x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.489s (+0.5%)3.014s (~)0.524s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.677s (+5.5% 🔺)3.028s (~)0.351s101.25x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.101s (+7.9% 🔺)3.764s (+25.1% 🔺)0.663s81.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.137s (+8.9% 🔺)3.772s (+21.0% 🔺)0.635s81.47x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.683s (+0.8%)5.182s (~)0.499s62.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.702s (+0.9%)5.181s (~)0.479s62.20x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.342s (+0.7%)4.040s (~)0.698s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.592s (+9.1% 🔺)4.302s (+9.3% 🔺)0.710s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.242s (+31.4% 🔺)5.079s (+28.7% 🔺)0.837s61.27x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.349s (-0.9%)2.010s (~)0.661s151.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+2.5%)2.008s (~)0.637s151.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.398s (~)2.015s (~)0.618s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.410s (-0.9%)2.006s (~)0.596s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.006s (~)0.582s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.639s (-5.6% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.377s151.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.895s (-14.4% 🟢)2.229s (-25.9% 🟢)0.334s141.41x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.051s (+22.0% 🔺)2.322s (+15.5% 🔺)0.270s131.52x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.141s (-0.8%)3.014s (~)0.872s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.212s (-0.6%)3.020s (~)0.808s101.64x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.741s (-15.4% 🟢)3.564s (-12.6% 🟢)0.823s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.954s (+2.7%)3.981s (+7.6% 🔺)1.027s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro5.192s (+89.5% 🔺)6.155s (+67.7% 🔺)0.963s51.89x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro2.204s (-3.9%)3.116s (-3.1%)0.912s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.289s (+7.1% 🔺)3.155s (+2.3%)0.866s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.328s (+3.3%)3.265s (+1.7%)0.937s101.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (~)3.011s (-0.9%)0.533s101.12x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (+2.0%)3.010s (~)0.532s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.513s (+6.2% 🔺)3.022s (~)0.509s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.855s (+8.1% 🔺)3.011s (-3.8%)0.156s101.30x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.925s (-4.5%)3.016s (-20.1% 🟢)0.092s101.33x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.697s (+0.7%)5.180s (~)0.483s62.13x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.749s (+2.3%)5.181s (~)0.432s62.16x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.231s (-31.1% 🟢)3.825s (-40.2% 🟢)0.594s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.289s (-39.3% 🟢)3.702s (-38.3% 🟢)0.413s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.071s (-38.6% 🟢)4.679s (-38.6% 🟢)0.608s71.26x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.132s (-0.7%)1.006s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.881s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.139s (+1.1%)1.003s (~)0.017s (-8.7% 🟢)1.027s (~)0.889s101.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.146s (+2.2%)1.005s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.868s101.11x
💻 LocalExpress0.173s (-3.5%)0.992s (~)0.015s (-17.9% 🟢)1.021s (~)0.848s101.31x
💻 LocalNitro0.173s (-1.0%)0.992s (~)0.016s (-13.8% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.849s101.32x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.464s (-8.2% 🟢)0.984s (+4.4%)0.000s (NaN%)1.012s (~)0.549s103.52x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.470s (-7.6% 🟢)0.981s (+4.2%)0.000s (~)1.014s (~)0.544s103.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.259s (+33.5% 🔺)1.355s (+27.2% 🔺)0.000s (-97.0% 🟢)1.717s (+30.0% 🔺)0.458s109.56x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.365s (-42.0% 🟢)1.675s (-37.6% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.011s (-33.2% 🟢)0.646s1010.37x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.296s (+10.1% 🔺)2.745s (-0.6%)0.000s (NaN%)3.015s (+3.3%)0.719s1017.43x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.581s (-0.9%)3.185s (-1.8%)0.179s (-49.3% 🟢)3.808s (-4.3%)1.226s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.690s (+3.5%)3.086s (~)0.303s (-6.2% 🟢)3.801s (-1.6%)1.112s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.720s (+6.4% 🔺)3.248s (+4.2%)0.553s (+57.5% 🔺)4.230s (+9.8% 🔺)1.510s101.05x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
▲ VercelExpress5/8
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Starter4/8
Nitro💻 Local8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production286011297
✅ 💻 Local Development26208270
✅ 📦 Local Production26208270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres26208270
✅ 🪟 Windows270027
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds80400120
Total117940351254
❌ Failed Tests
🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)
mongodb-dev (3 failed):
  • dev e2e should rebuild on step change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file
mongodb (27 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • readableStreamWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • outputStreamWorkflow
  • outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
redis (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
starter (8 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
turso (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
Details by Category
✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro2601
✅ example2601
✅ express2601
✅ fastify2601
✅ hono2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack2601
✅ nextjs-webpack2601
✅ nitro2601
✅ nuxt2601
✅ sveltekit2601
✅ vite2601
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack2700
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
❌ mongodb-dev030
❌ mongodb0270
✅ redis-dev300
❌ redis2610
✅ starter-dev300
❌ starter1980
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso2610
📋 View full workflow run
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LGTM! Thanks
Comment threadpackages/ai/README.md
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await agent.stream({
 messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello!' }],
 writable: getWritable(),
@VaguelySeriousVaguelySeriousDec 27, 2025

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This only works inside a workflow context, so the usage example isn't standalone. I think we should remove it in favor of a link to https://useworkflow.dev/docs/api-reference/workflow-ai/ and then update that index page to talk about the versioning. I can handle the updates to the docs
@ctatectateDec 27, 2025

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Good call. Just removed it
VaguelySeriousand others
added 3 commits
December 27, 2025 15:42
@VaguelySerious
Changeset
8a6167b
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@ctate
update readme
9583796
@ctate
Merge branch 'ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/w…
ac7f81d
…orkflow into ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
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Add AI SDK v6 support by ctate · Pull Request #692 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Add AI SDK v6 support - #692
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Add AI SDK v6 support#692
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Adds support for AI SDK v6 while maintaining backwards compatibility with v5.
Changes
  • Update peer dependency to ai: ^5 || ^6
  • Add CompatibleLanguageModel type to handle both LanguageModelV2 (v5) and LanguageModelV3 (v6)
  • Update @ai-sdk/provider dependency to ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0
  • Move provider packages to optional dependencies with compatible version ranges
  • Add AI SDK compatibility documentation to README
How it works
Both AI SDK versions use structurally compatible model interfaces. The package uses V2 types from @ai-sdk/provider (which are exported by both v2.x and v3.x) and casts V3 models to a compatible interface at runtime.
Testing
  • All existing tests pass
  • Type-checked against both AI SDK v5 and v6
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: ac7f81d
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
NameType
@workflow/aiPatch
Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
ProjectDeploymentReviewUpdated (UTC)
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.037s (-5.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.978s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.039s (+4.0%)1.018s (~)0.978s101.07x
💻 LocalNitro0.042s (+0.7%)1.007s (~)0.965s101.14x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s (+12.2% 🔺)1.018s (~)0.975s101.16x
💻 LocalExpress0.052s (+16.9% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.955s101.43x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.062s (-14.4% 🟢)1.014s (~)0.952s101.69x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.102s (+2.0%)1.014s (~)0.911s102.80x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (+41.7% 🔺)1.025s (~)0.740s107.78x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-1.2%)1.012s (~)0.702s108.45x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.424s (+7.8% 🔺)1.022s (~)0.597s1011.59x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.550s (+10.2% 🔺)1.529s (+9.1% 🔺)0.979s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.578s (+14.9% 🔺)1.499s (-1.6%)0.921s101.05x
▲ VercelNitro0.608s (+21.1% 🔺)1.554s (+11.0% 🔺)0.946s101.10x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.093s (-0.5%)2.013s (~)0.920s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.096s (~)2.011s (~)0.915s101.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.097s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.112s (~)2.007s (~)0.895s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.113s (~)2.006s (~)0.893s101.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.296s (-0.6%)2.012s (~)0.716s101.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s (-0.7%)2.012s (~)0.708s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.122s (+41.9% 🔺)2.718s (+34.8% 🔺)0.596s101.94x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.151s (-4.3%)3.014s (~)0.863s101.97x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.173s (~)3.014s (~)0.841s101.99x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.515s (-4.8%)3.603s (-1.3%)1.088s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.543s (-2.9%)3.484s (-5.8% 🟢)0.940s101.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.603s (-11.4% 🟢)3.537s (-7.6% 🟢)0.934s101.03x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.603s (~)11.013s (~)0.410s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.658s (~)11.018s (~)0.359s51.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.676s (~)11.020s (~)0.344s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.774s (~)11.015s (~)0.241s51.02x
💻 LocalExpress10.785s (~)11.012s (~)0.227s51.02x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)12.199s (~)13.023s (~)0.824s51.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.208s (~)13.029s (~)0.822s51.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)15.188s (+5.9% 🔺)16.033s (+6.6% 🔺)0.845s51.43x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.120s (-1.5%)20.628s (-1.9%)0.508s51.90x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.468s (~)21.030s (~)0.562s51.93x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.882s (-4.7%)21.790s (-4.5%)0.908s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress21.170s (-0.9%)22.123s (~)0.953s51.01x
▲ VercelNitro21.426s (+2.1%)22.229s (+1.7%)0.802s51.03x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.360s (+1.7%)2.008s (~)0.648s151.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.639s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s (~)2.012s (~)0.628s151.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.398s (-0.6%)2.006s (~)0.608s151.03x
💻 LocalExpress1.407s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.600s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.890s (+15.1% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.126s151.39x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.160s (+1.6%)3.014s (~)0.854s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.226s (+1.0%)3.013s (~)0.787s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.382s (+40.1% 🔺)3.012s (+49.7% 🔺)0.630s101.75x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.399s (-2.1%)3.011s (~)0.612s101.76x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.941s (+13.2% 🔺)3.715s (+3.6%)0.774s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.008s (-57.2% 🟢)3.784s (-51.3% 🟢)0.775s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.302s (-18.8% 🟢)4.139s (-17.4% 🟢)0.837s81.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.140s (+1.6%)3.033s (~)0.893s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (-1.8%)3.123s (-1.4%)0.949s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.216s (~)3.159s (~)0.942s101.04x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.477s (+1.1%)3.010s (~)0.533s101.16x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.489s (+0.5%)3.014s (~)0.524s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.677s (+5.5% 🔺)3.028s (~)0.351s101.25x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.101s (+7.9% 🔺)3.764s (+25.1% 🔺)0.663s81.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.137s (+8.9% 🔺)3.772s (+21.0% 🔺)0.635s81.47x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.683s (+0.8%)5.182s (~)0.499s62.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.702s (+0.9%)5.181s (~)0.479s62.20x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.342s (+0.7%)4.040s (~)0.698s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.592s (+9.1% 🔺)4.302s (+9.3% 🔺)0.710s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.242s (+31.4% 🔺)5.079s (+28.7% 🔺)0.837s61.27x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.349s (-0.9%)2.010s (~)0.661s151.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+2.5%)2.008s (~)0.637s151.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.398s (~)2.015s (~)0.618s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.410s (-0.9%)2.006s (~)0.596s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.006s (~)0.582s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.639s (-5.6% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.377s151.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.895s (-14.4% 🟢)2.229s (-25.9% 🟢)0.334s141.41x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.051s (+22.0% 🔺)2.322s (+15.5% 🔺)0.270s131.52x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.141s (-0.8%)3.014s (~)0.872s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.212s (-0.6%)3.020s (~)0.808s101.64x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.741s (-15.4% 🟢)3.564s (-12.6% 🟢)0.823s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.954s (+2.7%)3.981s (+7.6% 🔺)1.027s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro5.192s (+89.5% 🔺)6.155s (+67.7% 🔺)0.963s51.89x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro2.204s (-3.9%)3.116s (-3.1%)0.912s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.289s (+7.1% 🔺)3.155s (+2.3%)0.866s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.328s (+3.3%)3.265s (+1.7%)0.937s101.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (~)3.011s (-0.9%)0.533s101.12x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (+2.0%)3.010s (~)0.532s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.513s (+6.2% 🔺)3.022s (~)0.509s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.855s (+8.1% 🔺)3.011s (-3.8%)0.156s101.30x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.925s (-4.5%)3.016s (-20.1% 🟢)0.092s101.33x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.697s (+0.7%)5.180s (~)0.483s62.13x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.749s (+2.3%)5.181s (~)0.432s62.16x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.231s (-31.1% 🟢)3.825s (-40.2% 🟢)0.594s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.289s (-39.3% 🟢)3.702s (-38.3% 🟢)0.413s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.071s (-38.6% 🟢)4.679s (-38.6% 🟢)0.608s71.26x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.132s (-0.7%)1.006s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.881s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.139s (+1.1%)1.003s (~)0.017s (-8.7% 🟢)1.027s (~)0.889s101.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.146s (+2.2%)1.005s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.868s101.11x
💻 LocalExpress0.173s (-3.5%)0.992s (~)0.015s (-17.9% 🟢)1.021s (~)0.848s101.31x
💻 LocalNitro0.173s (-1.0%)0.992s (~)0.016s (-13.8% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.849s101.32x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.464s (-8.2% 🟢)0.984s (+4.4%)0.000s (NaN%)1.012s (~)0.549s103.52x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.470s (-7.6% 🟢)0.981s (+4.2%)0.000s (~)1.014s (~)0.544s103.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.259s (+33.5% 🔺)1.355s (+27.2% 🔺)0.000s (-97.0% 🟢)1.717s (+30.0% 🔺)0.458s109.56x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.365s (-42.0% 🟢)1.675s (-37.6% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.011s (-33.2% 🟢)0.646s1010.37x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.296s (+10.1% 🔺)2.745s (-0.6%)0.000s (NaN%)3.015s (+3.3%)0.719s1017.43x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.581s (-0.9%)3.185s (-1.8%)0.179s (-49.3% 🟢)3.808s (-4.3%)1.226s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.690s (+3.5%)3.086s (~)0.303s (-6.2% 🟢)3.801s (-1.6%)1.112s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.720s (+6.4% 🔺)3.248s (+4.2%)0.553s (+57.5% 🔺)4.230s (+9.8% 🔺)1.510s101.05x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
▲ VercelExpress5/8
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Starter4/8
Nitro💻 Local8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production286011297
✅ 💻 Local Development26208270
✅ 📦 Local Production26208270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres26208270
✅ 🪟 Windows270027
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds80400120
Total117940351254
❌ Failed Tests
🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)
mongodb-dev (3 failed):
  • dev e2e should rebuild on step change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file
mongodb (27 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • readableStreamWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • outputStreamWorkflow
  • outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
redis (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
starter (8 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
turso (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
Details by Category
✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro2601
✅ example2601
✅ express2601
✅ fastify2601
✅ hono2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack2601
✅ nextjs-webpack2601
✅ nitro2601
✅ nuxt2601
✅ sveltekit2601
✅ vite2601
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack2700
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
❌ mongodb-dev030
❌ mongodb0270
✅ redis-dev300
❌ redis2610
✅ starter-dev300
❌ starter1980
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso2610
📋 View full workflow run
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LGTM! Thanks
Comment threadpackages/ai/README.md
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await agent.stream({
 messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello!' }],
 writable: getWritable(),
@VaguelySeriousVaguelySeriousDec 27, 2025

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This only works inside a workflow context, so the usage example isn't standalone. I think we should remove it in favor of a link to https://useworkflow.dev/docs/api-reference/workflow-ai/ and then update that index page to talk about the versioning. I can handle the updates to the docs
@ctatectateDec 27, 2025

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Good call. Just removed it
VaguelySeriousand others
added 3 commits
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@VaguelySerious
Changeset
8a6167b
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@ctate
update readme
9583796
@ctate
Merge branch 'ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/w…
ac7f81d
…orkflow into ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
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Add AI SDK v6 support by ctate · Pull Request #692 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Adds support for AI SDK v6 while maintaining backwards compatibility with v5.
Changes
  • Update peer dependency to ai: ^5 || ^6
  • Add CompatibleLanguageModel type to handle both LanguageModelV2 (v5) and LanguageModelV3 (v6)
  • Update @ai-sdk/provider dependency to ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0
  • Move provider packages to optional dependencies with compatible version ranges
  • Add AI SDK compatibility documentation to README
How it works
Both AI SDK versions use structurally compatible model interfaces. The package uses V2 types from @ai-sdk/provider (which are exported by both v2.x and v3.x) and casts V3 models to a compatible interface at runtime.
Testing
  • All existing tests pass
  • Type-checked against both AI SDK v5 and v6
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: ac7f81d
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.037s (-5.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.978s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.039s (+4.0%)1.018s (~)0.978s101.07x
💻 LocalNitro0.042s (+0.7%)1.007s (~)0.965s101.14x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s (+12.2% 🔺)1.018s (~)0.975s101.16x
💻 LocalExpress0.052s (+16.9% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.955s101.43x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.062s (-14.4% 🟢)1.014s (~)0.952s101.69x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.102s (+2.0%)1.014s (~)0.911s102.80x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (+41.7% 🔺)1.025s (~)0.740s107.78x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-1.2%)1.012s (~)0.702s108.45x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.424s (+7.8% 🔺)1.022s (~)0.597s1011.59x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.550s (+10.2% 🔺)1.529s (+9.1% 🔺)0.979s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.578s (+14.9% 🔺)1.499s (-1.6%)0.921s101.05x
▲ VercelNitro0.608s (+21.1% 🔺)1.554s (+11.0% 🔺)0.946s101.10x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.093s (-0.5%)2.013s (~)0.920s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.096s (~)2.011s (~)0.915s101.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.097s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.112s (~)2.007s (~)0.895s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.113s (~)2.006s (~)0.893s101.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.296s (-0.6%)2.012s (~)0.716s101.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s (-0.7%)2.012s (~)0.708s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.122s (+41.9% 🔺)2.718s (+34.8% 🔺)0.596s101.94x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.151s (-4.3%)3.014s (~)0.863s101.97x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.173s (~)3.014s (~)0.841s101.99x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.515s (-4.8%)3.603s (-1.3%)1.088s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.543s (-2.9%)3.484s (-5.8% 🟢)0.940s101.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.603s (-11.4% 🟢)3.537s (-7.6% 🟢)0.934s101.03x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.603s (~)11.013s (~)0.410s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.658s (~)11.018s (~)0.359s51.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.676s (~)11.020s (~)0.344s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.774s (~)11.015s (~)0.241s51.02x
💻 LocalExpress10.785s (~)11.012s (~)0.227s51.02x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)12.199s (~)13.023s (~)0.824s51.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.208s (~)13.029s (~)0.822s51.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)15.188s (+5.9% 🔺)16.033s (+6.6% 🔺)0.845s51.43x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.120s (-1.5%)20.628s (-1.9%)0.508s51.90x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.468s (~)21.030s (~)0.562s51.93x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.882s (-4.7%)21.790s (-4.5%)0.908s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress21.170s (-0.9%)22.123s (~)0.953s51.01x
▲ VercelNitro21.426s (+2.1%)22.229s (+1.7%)0.802s51.03x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.360s (+1.7%)2.008s (~)0.648s151.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.639s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s (~)2.012s (~)0.628s151.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.398s (-0.6%)2.006s (~)0.608s151.03x
💻 LocalExpress1.407s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.600s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.890s (+15.1% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.126s151.39x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.160s (+1.6%)3.014s (~)0.854s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.226s (+1.0%)3.013s (~)0.787s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.382s (+40.1% 🔺)3.012s (+49.7% 🔺)0.630s101.75x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.399s (-2.1%)3.011s (~)0.612s101.76x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.941s (+13.2% 🔺)3.715s (+3.6%)0.774s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.008s (-57.2% 🟢)3.784s (-51.3% 🟢)0.775s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.302s (-18.8% 🟢)4.139s (-17.4% 🟢)0.837s81.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.140s (+1.6%)3.033s (~)0.893s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (-1.8%)3.123s (-1.4%)0.949s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.216s (~)3.159s (~)0.942s101.04x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.477s (+1.1%)3.010s (~)0.533s101.16x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.489s (+0.5%)3.014s (~)0.524s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.677s (+5.5% 🔺)3.028s (~)0.351s101.25x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.101s (+7.9% 🔺)3.764s (+25.1% 🔺)0.663s81.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.137s (+8.9% 🔺)3.772s (+21.0% 🔺)0.635s81.47x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.683s (+0.8%)5.182s (~)0.499s62.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.702s (+0.9%)5.181s (~)0.479s62.20x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.342s (+0.7%)4.040s (~)0.698s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.592s (+9.1% 🔺)4.302s (+9.3% 🔺)0.710s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.242s (+31.4% 🔺)5.079s (+28.7% 🔺)0.837s61.27x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.349s (-0.9%)2.010s (~)0.661s151.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+2.5%)2.008s (~)0.637s151.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.398s (~)2.015s (~)0.618s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.410s (-0.9%)2.006s (~)0.596s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.006s (~)0.582s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.639s (-5.6% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.377s151.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.895s (-14.4% 🟢)2.229s (-25.9% 🟢)0.334s141.41x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.051s (+22.0% 🔺)2.322s (+15.5% 🔺)0.270s131.52x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.141s (-0.8%)3.014s (~)0.872s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.212s (-0.6%)3.020s (~)0.808s101.64x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.741s (-15.4% 🟢)3.564s (-12.6% 🟢)0.823s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.954s (+2.7%)3.981s (+7.6% 🔺)1.027s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro5.192s (+89.5% 🔺)6.155s (+67.7% 🔺)0.963s51.89x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro2.204s (-3.9%)3.116s (-3.1%)0.912s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.289s (+7.1% 🔺)3.155s (+2.3%)0.866s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.328s (+3.3%)3.265s (+1.7%)0.937s101.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (~)3.011s (-0.9%)0.533s101.12x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (+2.0%)3.010s (~)0.532s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.513s (+6.2% 🔺)3.022s (~)0.509s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.855s (+8.1% 🔺)3.011s (-3.8%)0.156s101.30x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.925s (-4.5%)3.016s (-20.1% 🟢)0.092s101.33x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.697s (+0.7%)5.180s (~)0.483s62.13x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.749s (+2.3%)5.181s (~)0.432s62.16x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.231s (-31.1% 🟢)3.825s (-40.2% 🟢)0.594s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.289s (-39.3% 🟢)3.702s (-38.3% 🟢)0.413s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.071s (-38.6% 🟢)4.679s (-38.6% 🟢)0.608s71.26x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.132s (-0.7%)1.006s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.881s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.139s (+1.1%)1.003s (~)0.017s (-8.7% 🟢)1.027s (~)0.889s101.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.146s (+2.2%)1.005s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.868s101.11x
💻 LocalExpress0.173s (-3.5%)0.992s (~)0.015s (-17.9% 🟢)1.021s (~)0.848s101.31x
💻 LocalNitro0.173s (-1.0%)0.992s (~)0.016s (-13.8% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.849s101.32x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.464s (-8.2% 🟢)0.984s (+4.4%)0.000s (NaN%)1.012s (~)0.549s103.52x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.470s (-7.6% 🟢)0.981s (+4.2%)0.000s (~)1.014s (~)0.544s103.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.259s (+33.5% 🔺)1.355s (+27.2% 🔺)0.000s (-97.0% 🟢)1.717s (+30.0% 🔺)0.458s109.56x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.365s (-42.0% 🟢)1.675s (-37.6% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.011s (-33.2% 🟢)0.646s1010.37x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.296s (+10.1% 🔺)2.745s (-0.6%)0.000s (NaN%)3.015s (+3.3%)0.719s1017.43x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.581s (-0.9%)3.185s (-1.8%)0.179s (-49.3% 🟢)3.808s (-4.3%)1.226s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.690s (+3.5%)3.086s (~)0.303s (-6.2% 🟢)3.801s (-1.6%)1.112s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.720s (+6.4% 🔺)3.248s (+4.2%)0.553s (+57.5% 🔺)4.230s (+9.8% 🔺)1.510s101.05x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
▲ VercelExpress5/8
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Starter4/8
Nitro💻 Local8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production286011297
✅ 💻 Local Development26208270
✅ 📦 Local Production26208270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres26208270
✅ 🪟 Windows270027
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds80400120
Total117940351254
❌ Failed Tests
🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)
mongodb-dev (3 failed):
  • dev e2e should rebuild on step change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file
mongodb (27 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • readableStreamWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • outputStreamWorkflow
  • outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
redis (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
starter (8 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
turso (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
Details by Category
✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro2601
✅ example2601
✅ express2601
✅ fastify2601
✅ hono2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack2601
✅ nextjs-webpack2601
✅ nitro2601
✅ nuxt2601
✅ sveltekit2601
✅ vite2601
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack2700
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
❌ mongodb-dev030
❌ mongodb0270
✅ redis-dev300
❌ redis2610
✅ starter-dev300
❌ starter1980
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso2610
📋 View full workflow run
VaguelySerious
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LGTM! Thanks
Comment threadpackages/ai/README.md
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await agent.stream({
 messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello!' }],
 writable: getWritable(),
@VaguelySeriousVaguelySeriousDec 27, 2025

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This only works inside a workflow context, so the usage example isn't standalone. I think we should remove it in favor of a link to https://useworkflow.dev/docs/api-reference/workflow-ai/ and then update that index page to talk about the versioning. I can handle the updates to the docs
@ctatectateDec 27, 2025

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Good call. Just removed it
VaguelySeriousand others
added 3 commits
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@VaguelySerious
Changeset
8a6167b
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@ctate
update readme
9583796
@ctate
Merge branch 'ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/w…
ac7f81d
…orkflow into ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
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Add AI SDK v6 support by ctate · Pull Request #692 · vercel/workflow · GitHub
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Add AI SDK v6 support#692
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Adds support for AI SDK v6 while maintaining backwards compatibility with v5.
Changes
  • Update peer dependency to ai: ^5 || ^6
  • Add CompatibleLanguageModel type to handle both LanguageModelV2 (v5) and LanguageModelV3 (v6)
  • Update @ai-sdk/provider dependency to ^2.0.0 || ^3.0.0
  • Move provider packages to optional dependencies with compatible version ranges
  • Add AI SDK compatibility documentation to README
How it works
Both AI SDK versions use structurally compatible model interfaces. The package uses V2 types from @ai-sdk/provider (which are exported by both v2.x and v3.x) and casts V3 models to a compatible interface at runtime.
Testing
  • All existing tests pass
  • Type-checked against both AI SDK v5 and v6
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🦋 Changeset detected
Latest commit: ac7f81d
The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.
This PR includes changesets to release 1 package
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Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.
Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR
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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.
ProjectDeploymentReviewUpdated (UTC)
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📊 Benchmark Results
📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.
workflow with no steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.037s (-5.2% 🟢)1.015s (~)0.978s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.039s (+4.0%)1.018s (~)0.978s101.07x
💻 LocalNitro0.042s (+0.7%)1.007s (~)0.965s101.14x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.042s (+12.2% 🔺)1.018s (~)0.975s101.16x
💻 LocalExpress0.052s (+16.9% 🔺)1.007s (~)0.955s101.43x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.062s (-14.4% 🟢)1.014s (~)0.952s101.69x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.102s (+2.0%)1.014s (~)0.911s102.80x
🐘 PostgresExpress0.285s (+41.7% 🔺)1.025s (~)0.740s107.78x
🐘 PostgresNitro0.309s (-1.2%)1.012s (~)0.702s108.45x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)0.424s (+7.8% 🔺)1.022s (~)0.597s1011.59x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express0.550s (+10.2% 🔺)1.529s (+9.1% 🔺)0.979s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)0.578s (+14.9% 🔺)1.499s (-1.6%)0.921s101.05x
▲ VercelNitro0.608s (+21.1% 🔺)1.554s (+11.0% 🔺)0.946s101.10x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 1 step
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.093s (-0.5%)2.013s (~)0.920s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.096s (~)2.011s (~)0.915s101.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.097s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.913s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro1.112s (~)2.007s (~)0.895s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress1.113s (~)2.006s (~)0.893s101.02x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)1.296s (-0.6%)2.012s (~)0.716s101.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)1.304s (-0.7%)2.012s (~)0.708s101.19x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.122s (+41.9% 🔺)2.718s (+34.8% 🔺)0.596s101.94x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.151s (-4.3%)3.014s (~)0.863s101.97x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.173s (~)3.014s (~)0.841s101.99x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.515s (-4.8%)3.603s (-1.3%)1.088s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.543s (-2.9%)3.484s (-5.8% 🟢)0.940s101.01x
▲ VercelNitro2.603s (-11.4% 🟢)3.537s (-7.6% 🟢)0.934s101.03x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
workflow with 10 sequential steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)10.603s (~)11.013s (~)0.410s51.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)10.658s (~)11.018s (~)0.359s51.01x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)10.676s (~)11.020s (~)0.344s51.01x
💻 LocalNitro10.774s (~)11.015s (~)0.241s51.02x
💻 LocalExpress10.785s (~)11.012s (~)0.227s51.02x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)12.199s (~)13.023s (~)0.824s51.15x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)12.208s (~)13.029s (~)0.822s51.15x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)15.188s (+5.9% 🔺)16.033s (+6.6% 🔺)0.845s51.43x
🐘 PostgresNitro20.120s (-1.5%)20.628s (-1.9%)0.508s51.90x
🐘 PostgresExpress20.468s (~)21.030s (~)0.562s51.93x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)20.882s (-4.7%)21.790s (-4.5%)0.908s51.00x
▲ VercelExpress21.170s (-0.9%)22.123s (~)0.953s51.01x
▲ VercelNitro21.426s (+2.1%)22.229s (+1.7%)0.802s51.03x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.360s (+1.7%)2.008s (~)0.648s151.00x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+1.1%)2.010s (~)0.639s151.01x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.384s (~)2.012s (~)0.628s151.02x
💻 LocalNitro1.398s (-0.6%)2.006s (~)0.608s151.03x
💻 LocalExpress1.407s (-1.8%)2.006s (~)0.600s151.03x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.890s (+15.1% 🔺)2.016s (~)0.126s151.39x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.160s (+1.6%)3.014s (~)0.854s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.226s (+1.0%)3.013s (~)0.787s101.64x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.382s (+40.1% 🔺)3.012s (+49.7% 🔺)0.630s101.75x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.399s (-2.1%)3.011s (~)0.612s101.76x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.941s (+13.2% 🔺)3.715s (+3.6%)0.774s91.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.008s (-57.2% 🟢)3.784s (-51.3% 🟢)0.775s81.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)3.302s (-18.8% 🟢)4.139s (-17.4% 🟢)0.837s81.12x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.140s (+1.6%)3.033s (~)0.893s101.00x
💻 LocalNitro2.173s (-1.8%)3.123s (-1.4%)0.949s101.02x
💻 LocalExpress2.216s (~)3.159s (~)0.942s101.04x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.477s (+1.1%)3.010s (~)0.533s101.16x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.489s (+0.5%)3.014s (~)0.524s101.16x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.677s (+5.5% 🔺)3.028s (~)0.351s101.25x
🐘 PostgresNitro3.101s (+7.9% 🔺)3.764s (+25.1% 🔺)0.663s81.45x
🐘 PostgresExpress3.137s (+8.9% 🔺)3.772s (+21.0% 🔺)0.635s81.47x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.683s (+0.8%)5.182s (~)0.499s62.19x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.702s (+0.9%)5.181s (~)0.479s62.20x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Nitro3.342s (+0.7%)4.040s (~)0.698s81.00x
▲ VercelExpress3.592s (+9.1% 🔺)4.302s (+9.3% 🔺)0.710s71.07x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.242s (+31.4% 🔺)5.079s (+28.7% 🔺)0.837s61.27x
🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)
Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Redis🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)1.349s (-0.9%)2.010s (~)0.661s151.00x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)1.371s (+2.5%)2.008s (~)0.637s151.02x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)1.398s (~)2.015s (~)0.618s151.04x
💻 LocalNitro1.410s (-0.9%)2.006s (~)0.596s151.05x
💻 LocalExpress1.424s (~)2.006s (~)0.582s151.06x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.639s (-5.6% 🟢)2.016s (~)0.377s151.22x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.895s (-14.4% 🟢)2.229s (-25.9% 🟢)0.334s141.41x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.051s (+22.0% 🔺)2.322s (+15.5% 🔺)0.270s131.52x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)2.141s (-0.8%)3.014s (~)0.872s101.59x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)2.212s (-0.6%)3.020s (~)0.808s101.64x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)2.741s (-15.4% 🟢)3.564s (-12.6% 🟢)0.823s91.00x
▲ VercelExpress2.954s (+2.7%)3.981s (+7.6% 🔺)1.027s81.08x
▲ VercelNitro5.192s (+89.5% 🔺)6.155s (+67.7% 🔺)0.963s51.89x
🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro
Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
💻 Local🥇 Nitro2.204s (-3.9%)3.116s (-3.1%)0.912s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)2.289s (+7.1% 🔺)3.155s (+2.3%)0.866s101.04x
💻 LocalExpress2.328s (+3.3%)3.265s (+1.7%)0.937s101.06x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (~)3.011s (-0.9%)0.533s101.12x
🌐 StarterNext.js (Turbopack)2.478s (+2.0%)3.010s (~)0.532s101.12x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)2.513s (+6.2% 🔺)3.022s (~)0.509s101.14x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.855s (+8.1% 🔺)3.011s (-3.8%)0.156s101.30x
🐘 PostgresNitro2.925s (-4.5%)3.016s (-20.1% 🟢)0.092s101.33x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)4.697s (+0.7%)5.180s (~)0.483s62.13x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)4.749s (+2.3%)5.181s (~)0.432s62.16x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express3.231s (-31.1% 🟢)3.825s (-40.2% 🟢)0.594s81.00x
▲ VercelNitro3.289s (-39.3% 🟢)3.702s (-38.3% 🟢)0.413s91.02x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)4.071s (-38.6% 🟢)4.679s (-38.6% 🟢)0.608s71.26x
🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)
Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream
💻 Local Development
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
🌐 Starter🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)0.132s (-0.7%)1.006s (~)0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)1.012s (~)0.881s101.00x
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)0.139s (+1.1%)1.003s (~)0.017s (-8.7% 🟢)1.027s (~)0.889s101.05x
🌐 RedisNext.js (Turbopack)0.146s (+2.2%)1.005s (~)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)1.014s (~)0.868s101.11x
💻 LocalExpress0.173s (-3.5%)0.992s (~)0.015s (-17.9% 🟢)1.021s (~)0.848s101.31x
💻 LocalNitro0.173s (-1.0%)0.992s (~)0.016s (-13.8% 🟢)1.022s (~)0.849s101.32x
🌐 MongoDBNext.js (Turbopack)0.464s (-8.2% 🟢)0.984s (+4.4%)0.000s (NaN%)1.012s (~)0.549s103.52x
🌐 TursoNext.js (Turbopack)0.470s (-7.6% 🟢)0.981s (+4.2%)0.000s (~)1.014s (~)0.544s103.57x
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)1.259s (+33.5% 🔺)1.355s (+27.2% 🔺)0.000s (-97.0% 🟢)1.717s (+30.0% 🔺)0.458s109.56x
🐘 PostgresNitro1.365s (-42.0% 🟢)1.675s (-37.6% 🟢)0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)2.011s (-33.2% 🟢)0.646s1010.37x
🐘 PostgresExpress2.296s (+10.1% 🔺)2.745s (-0.6%)0.000s (NaN%)3.015s (+3.3%)0.719s1017.43x
▲ Production (Vercel)
WorldFrameworkWorkflow TimeTTFBSlurpWall TimeOverheadSamplesvs Fastest
▲ Vercel🥇 Express2.581s (-0.9%)3.185s (-1.8%)0.179s (-49.3% 🟢)3.808s (-4.3%)1.226s101.00x
▲ VercelNext.js (Turbopack)2.690s (+3.5%)3.086s (~)0.303s (-6.2% 🟢)3.801s (-1.6%)1.112s101.04x
▲ VercelNitro2.720s (+6.4% 🔺)3.248s (+4.2%)0.553s (+57.5% 🔺)4.230s (+9.8% 🔺)1.510s101.05x
🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro
Summary
Fastest Framework by World
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
World🥇 Fastest FrameworkWins
💻 LocalNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
🐘 PostgresNext.js (Turbopack)7/8
▲ VercelExpress5/8
Fastest World by Framework
Winner determined by most benchmark wins
Framework🥇 Fastest WorldWins
Express💻 Local8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)🌐 Starter4/8
Nitro💻 Local8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark
Worlds:
  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
📋 View full workflow run
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🧪 E2E Test Results
❌ Some tests failed
Summary
PassedFailedSkippedTotal
✅ ▲ Vercel Production286011297
✅ 💻 Local Development26208270
✅ 📦 Local Production26208270
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres26208270
✅ 🪟 Windows270027
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds80400120
Total117940351254
❌ Failed Tests
🌍 Community Worlds (40 failed)
mongodb-dev (3 failed):
  • dev e2e should rebuild on step change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on workflow change
  • dev e2e should rebuild on adding workflow file
mongodb (27 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow
  • promiseRaceWorkflow
  • promiseAnyWorkflow
  • readableStreamWorkflow
  • hookWorkflow
  • webhookWorkflow
  • webhook route with invalid token
  • sleepingWorkflow
  • nullByteWorkflow
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
  • outputStreamWorkflow
  • outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
  • fetchWorkflow
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • retryableAndFatalErrorWorkflow
  • stepDirectCallWorkflow - calling step functions directly outside workflow context
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • health check endpoint - workflow and step endpoints respond to __health query parameter
redis (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
starter (8 failed):
  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • retryAttemptCounterWorkflow
  • crossFileErrorWorkflow - stack traces work across imported modules
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
turso (1 failed):
  • webhookWorkflow
Details by Category
✅ ▲ Vercel Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro2601
✅ example2601
✅ express2601
✅ fastify2601
✅ hono2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack2601
✅ nextjs-webpack2601
✅ nitro2601
✅ nuxt2601
✅ sveltekit2601
✅ vite2601
✅ 💻 Local Development
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 📦 Local Production
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ astro-stable2601
✅ express-stable2601
✅ fastify-stable2601
✅ hono-stable2601
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable2700
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable2700
✅ nitro-stable2601
✅ nuxt-stable2601
✅ sveltekit-stable2601
✅ vite-stable2601
✅ 🪟 Windows
AppPassedFailedSkipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack2700
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
AppPassedFailedSkipped
❌ mongodb-dev030
❌ mongodb0270
✅ redis-dev300
❌ redis2610
✅ starter-dev300
❌ starter1980
✅ turso-dev300
❌ turso2610
📋 View full workflow run
VaguelySerious
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LGTM! Thanks
Comment threadpackages/ai/README.md
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await agent.stream({
 messages: [{ role: 'user', content: 'Hello!' }],
 writable: getWritable(),
@VaguelySeriousVaguelySeriousDec 27, 2025

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This only works inside a workflow context, so the usage example isn't standalone. I think we should remove it in favor of a link to https://useworkflow.dev/docs/api-reference/workflow-ai/ and then update that index page to talk about the versioning. I can handle the updates to the docs
@ctatectateDec 27, 2025

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Good call. Just removed it
VaguelySeriousand others
added 3 commits
December 27, 2025 15:42
@VaguelySerious
Changeset
8a6167b
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@ctate
update readme
9583796
@ctate
Merge branch 'ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6' ofhttps://github.com/vercel/w…
ac7f81d
…orkflow into ctate/workflow-ai-sdk-6
@VaguelySerious
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@VaguelySerious
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December 27, 2025 15:24
@vercel-release-botvercel-release-bot
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