Version Packages (beta)

[vercel-release-bot]

This PR was opened by the Changesets release GitHub action. When you're ready to do a release, you can merge this and the packages will be published to npm automatically. If you're not ready to do a release yet, that's fine, whenever you add more changesets to main, this PR will be updated.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

main is currently in pre mode so this branch has prereleases rather than normal releases. If you want to exit prereleases, run changeset pre exit on main.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

Releases

The changelog information of each package has been omitted from this message, as the content exceeds the size limit.

@workflow/cli@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/core@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/errors@4.1.0-beta.14

@workflow/serde@4.1.0-beta.2

@workflow/swc-plugin@4.1.0-beta.15

@workflow/utils@4.1.0-beta.11

@workflow/web@4.1.0-beta.31

@workflow/web-shared@4.1.0-beta.46

workflow@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/world@4.1.0-beta.1

@workflow/world-local@4.1.0-beta.28

@workflow/world-postgres@4.1.0-beta.30

@workflow/world-testing@4.1.0-beta.52

@workflow/world-vercel@4.1.0-beta.29

@workflow/ai@4.0.1-beta.52

@workflow/astro@4.0.0-beta.25

@workflow/builders@4.0.1-beta.42

@workflow/nest@0.0.0-beta.0

@workflow/next@4.0.1-beta.47

@workflow/nitro@4.0.1-beta.46

@workflow/nuxt@4.0.1-beta.35

@workflow/rollup@4.0.0-beta.9

@workflow/sveltekit@4.0.0-beta.40

@workflow/docs-typecheck@0.0.1-beta.11

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	443	3	38	484
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	32	440
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	32	440
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	32	440
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	0	44
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	165	23	0	188
Total	1876	26	134	2036

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nuxt (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (23 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (20 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	40	0	4
✅ example	40	0	4
✅ express	40	0	4
✅ fastify	40	0	4
✅ hono	40	0	4
❌ nextjs-turbopack	42	1	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	42	1	1
✅ nitro	40	0	4
❌ nuxt	39	1	4
✅ sveltekit	40	0	4
✅ vite	40	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	43	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	43	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	20	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	43	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.034s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.976s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-3.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.053s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.027s (+1.0%)	0.974s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.914s	10	3.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.105s (+59.0% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.910s	10	3.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.244s (+66.2% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.773s	10	7.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.745s	10	7.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.284s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.729s	10	8.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.585s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.498s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.621s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.575s (-2.4%)	0.954s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.656s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.541s (~)	0.885s	10	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.077s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.905s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.120s (+2.1%)	2.021s (~)	0.901s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.716s	10	1.21x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.711s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.666s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.116s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.450s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.124s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.889s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.141s (-1.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.874s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.744s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.620s (-2.3%)	0.876s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.792s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.608s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.816s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.962s (+2.5%)	3.825s (+1.2%)	0.863s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.473s (-1.1%)	11.014s (~)	0.541s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.680s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.339s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.790s (~)	11.007s (~)	0.218s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.802s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.212s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.860s (+1.9%)	11.030s (~)	0.170s	5	1.04x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.830s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.776s	5	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.408s (+4.8%)	16.032s (+3.9%)	0.624s	5	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.509s (-24.1% 🟢)	16.032s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.524s	5	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.479s (+13.2% 🔺)	21.029s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.550s	5	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.363s (-3.5%)	25.150s (-3.4%)	0.787s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.530s (+3.8%)	25.265s (+3.1%)	0.735s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	25.329s (+6.0% 🔺)	26.498s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.169s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.312s (-2.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.697s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.645s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.533s (+11.0% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.486s	15	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.759s (-28.2% 🟢)	2.078s (-31.0% 🟢)	0.319s	15	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.882s (-4.4%)	2.092s (~)	0.210s	15	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.053s (-14.0% 🟢)	2.511s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.458s	12	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-3.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.877s	10	1.63x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+0.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.867s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.962s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.540s (-13.6% 🟢)	0.578s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.042s (-3.7%)	3.707s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.665s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.180s (+1.9%)	3.924s (-0.6%)	0.744s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.224s (+2.3%)	3.185s (+1.2%)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (+0.7%)	3.205s (~)	0.955s	10	1.01x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.375s (-3.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.634s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.506s (+1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.504s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.639s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.030s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.390s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.749s (+35.7% 🔺)	3.223s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.474s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.812s (+17.6% 🔺)	3.020s (~)	0.208s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.922s (+4.0%)	3.477s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.760s (+1.4%)	5.179s (~)	0.418s	6	2.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.855s (+4.0%)	5.181s (~)	0.326s	6	2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.470s (-11.8% 🟢)	4.037s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.567s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.502s (-8.4% 🟢)	4.166s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.664s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.933s (~)	4.442s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.509s	7	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.386s (+1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.429s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.578s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.575s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.576s (+12.0% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.445s	15	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.703s (-0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.308s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.840s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.169s	15	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.893s (-3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.118s	15	1.43x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.126s (-4.6%)	3.016s (~)	0.890s	10	1.60x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+1.3%)	3.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.678s (-30.0% 🟢)	3.605s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.927s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.727s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.659s (+1.1%)	0.933s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.995s (+235.4% 🔺)	10.881s (+176.0% 🔺)	0.886s	5	3.73x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.259s (~)	3.217s (+0.8%)	0.958s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.260s (+3.3%)	3.208s (+2.2%)	0.949s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.409s (-1.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.600s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.478s (-2.5%)	3.028s (~)	0.549s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.506s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.654s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.017s (~)	0.362s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.793s (+1.4%)	3.017s (~)	0.223s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.806s (+26.5% 🔺)	3.106s (-1.8%)	0.300s	10	1.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.679s (-1.9%)	5.180s (~)	0.500s	6	2.07x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.705s (~)	5.181s (~)	0.475s	6	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.693s (+10.7% 🔺)	4.178s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.485s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.789s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.429s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.640s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.005s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.758s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.754s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+4.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (+0.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-3.2%)	1.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+0.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.017s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s (+37.1% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.028s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.046s (+1.0%)	0.860s	10	1.84x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.484s (-4.2%)	0.962s (+1.8%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.530s	10	4.79x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s (-1.3%)	0.964s (+0.7%)	0.000s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.527s	10	4.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (+89.0% 🔺)	1.837s (+90.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.810s	10	11.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.745s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.658s	10	13.41x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.725s (+30.5% 🔺)	2.157s (+25.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.413s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.689s	10	17.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-3.4%)	3.248s (-4.9%)	0.559s (-24.2% 🟢)	4.338s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.293s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.058s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.222s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.659s (-35.4% 🟢)	4.364s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.306s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.069s (-9.9% 🟢)	3.421s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.437s (-46.6% 🟢)	4.329s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.260s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	6/8
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	8/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm

[vercel-release-bot]

This PR was opened by the Changesets release GitHub action. When you're ready to do a release, you can merge this and the packages will be published to npm automatically. If you're not ready to do a release yet, that's fine, whenever you add more changesets to main, this PR will be updated.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

main is currently in pre mode so this branch has prereleases rather than normal releases. If you want to exit prereleases, run changeset pre exit on main.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

Releases

The changelog information of each package has been omitted from this message, as the content exceeds the size limit.

@workflow/cli@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/core@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/errors@4.1.0-beta.14

@workflow/serde@4.1.0-beta.2

@workflow/swc-plugin@4.1.0-beta.15

@workflow/utils@4.1.0-beta.11

@workflow/web@4.1.0-beta.31

@workflow/web-shared@4.1.0-beta.46

workflow@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/world@4.1.0-beta.1

@workflow/world-local@4.1.0-beta.28

@workflow/world-postgres@4.1.0-beta.30

@workflow/world-testing@4.1.0-beta.52

@workflow/world-vercel@4.1.0-beta.29

@workflow/ai@4.0.1-beta.52

@workflow/astro@4.0.0-beta.25

@workflow/builders@4.0.1-beta.42

@workflow/nest@0.0.0-beta.0

@workflow/next@4.0.1-beta.47

@workflow/nitro@4.0.1-beta.46

@workflow/nuxt@4.0.1-beta.35

@workflow/rollup@4.0.0-beta.9

@workflow/sveltekit@4.0.0-beta.40

@workflow/docs-typecheck@0.0.1-beta.11

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	443	3	38	484
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	32	440
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	32	440
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	32	440
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	0	44
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	165	23	0	188
Total	1876	26	134	2036

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nuxt (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (23 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (20 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	40	0	4
✅ example	40	0	4
✅ express	40	0	4
✅ fastify	40	0	4
✅ hono	40	0	4
❌ nextjs-turbopack	42	1	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	42	1	1
✅ nitro	40	0	4
❌ nuxt	39	1	4
✅ sveltekit	40	0	4
✅ vite	40	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	43	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	43	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	20	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	43	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.034s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.976s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-3.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.053s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.027s (+1.0%)	0.974s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.914s	10	3.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.105s (+59.0% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.910s	10	3.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.244s (+66.2% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.773s	10	7.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.745s	10	7.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.284s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.729s	10	8.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.585s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.498s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.621s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.575s (-2.4%)	0.954s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.656s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.541s (~)	0.885s	10	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.077s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.905s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.120s (+2.1%)	2.021s (~)	0.901s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.716s	10	1.21x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.711s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.666s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.116s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.450s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.124s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.889s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.141s (-1.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.874s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.744s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.620s (-2.3%)	0.876s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.792s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.608s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.816s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.962s (+2.5%)	3.825s (+1.2%)	0.863s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.473s (-1.1%)	11.014s (~)	0.541s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.680s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.339s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.790s (~)	11.007s (~)	0.218s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.802s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.212s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.860s (+1.9%)	11.030s (~)	0.170s	5	1.04x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.830s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.776s	5	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.408s (+4.8%)	16.032s (+3.9%)	0.624s	5	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.509s (-24.1% 🟢)	16.032s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.524s	5	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.479s (+13.2% 🔺)	21.029s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.550s	5	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.363s (-3.5%)	25.150s (-3.4%)	0.787s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.530s (+3.8%)	25.265s (+3.1%)	0.735s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	25.329s (+6.0% 🔺)	26.498s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.169s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.312s (-2.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.697s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.645s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.533s (+11.0% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.486s	15	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.759s (-28.2% 🟢)	2.078s (-31.0% 🟢)	0.319s	15	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.882s (-4.4%)	2.092s (~)	0.210s	15	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.053s (-14.0% 🟢)	2.511s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.458s	12	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-3.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.877s	10	1.63x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+0.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.867s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.962s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.540s (-13.6% 🟢)	0.578s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.042s (-3.7%)	3.707s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.665s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.180s (+1.9%)	3.924s (-0.6%)	0.744s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.224s (+2.3%)	3.185s (+1.2%)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (+0.7%)	3.205s (~)	0.955s	10	1.01x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.375s (-3.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.634s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.506s (+1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.504s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.639s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.030s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.390s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.749s (+35.7% 🔺)	3.223s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.474s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.812s (+17.6% 🔺)	3.020s (~)	0.208s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.922s (+4.0%)	3.477s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.760s (+1.4%)	5.179s (~)	0.418s	6	2.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.855s (+4.0%)	5.181s (~)	0.326s	6	2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.470s (-11.8% 🟢)	4.037s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.567s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.502s (-8.4% 🟢)	4.166s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.664s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.933s (~)	4.442s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.509s	7	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.386s (+1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.429s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.578s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.575s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.576s (+12.0% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.445s	15	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.703s (-0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.308s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.840s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.169s	15	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.893s (-3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.118s	15	1.43x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.126s (-4.6%)	3.016s (~)	0.890s	10	1.60x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+1.3%)	3.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.678s (-30.0% 🟢)	3.605s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.927s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.727s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.659s (+1.1%)	0.933s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.995s (+235.4% 🔺)	10.881s (+176.0% 🔺)	0.886s	5	3.73x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.259s (~)	3.217s (+0.8%)	0.958s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.260s (+3.3%)	3.208s (+2.2%)	0.949s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.409s (-1.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.600s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.478s (-2.5%)	3.028s (~)	0.549s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.506s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.654s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.017s (~)	0.362s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.793s (+1.4%)	3.017s (~)	0.223s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.806s (+26.5% 🔺)	3.106s (-1.8%)	0.300s	10	1.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.679s (-1.9%)	5.180s (~)	0.500s	6	2.07x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.705s (~)	5.181s (~)	0.475s	6	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.693s (+10.7% 🔺)	4.178s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.485s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.789s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.429s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.640s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.005s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.758s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.754s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+4.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (+0.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-3.2%)	1.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+0.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.017s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s (+37.1% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.028s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.046s (+1.0%)	0.860s	10	1.84x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.484s (-4.2%)	0.962s (+1.8%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.530s	10	4.79x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s (-1.3%)	0.964s (+0.7%)	0.000s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.527s	10	4.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (+89.0% 🔺)	1.837s (+90.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.810s	10	11.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.745s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.658s	10	13.41x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.725s (+30.5% 🔺)	2.157s (+25.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.413s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.689s	10	17.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-3.4%)	3.248s (-4.9%)	0.559s (-24.2% 🟢)	4.338s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.293s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.058s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.222s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.659s (-35.4% 🟢)	4.364s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.306s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.069s (-9.9% 🟢)	3.421s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.437s (-46.6% 🟢)	4.329s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.260s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	6/8
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	8/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm

[vercel-release-bot]

This PR was opened by the Changesets release GitHub action. When you're ready to do a release, you can merge this and the packages will be published to npm automatically. If you're not ready to do a release yet, that's fine, whenever you add more changesets to main, this PR will be updated.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

main is currently in pre mode so this branch has prereleases rather than normal releases. If you want to exit prereleases, run changeset pre exit on main.

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Releases

The changelog information of each package has been omitted from this message, as the content exceeds the size limit.

@workflow/cli@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/core@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/errors@4.1.0-beta.14

@workflow/serde@4.1.0-beta.2

@workflow/swc-plugin@4.1.0-beta.15

@workflow/utils@4.1.0-beta.11

@workflow/web@4.1.0-beta.31

@workflow/web-shared@4.1.0-beta.46

workflow@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/world@4.1.0-beta.1

@workflow/world-local@4.1.0-beta.28

@workflow/world-postgres@4.1.0-beta.30

@workflow/world-testing@4.1.0-beta.52

@workflow/world-vercel@4.1.0-beta.29

@workflow/ai@4.0.1-beta.52

@workflow/astro@4.0.0-beta.25

@workflow/builders@4.0.1-beta.42

@workflow/nest@0.0.0-beta.0

@workflow/next@4.0.1-beta.47

@workflow/nitro@4.0.1-beta.46

@workflow/nuxt@4.0.1-beta.35

@workflow/rollup@4.0.0-beta.9

@workflow/sveltekit@4.0.0-beta.40

@workflow/docs-typecheck@0.0.1-beta.11

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	443	3	38	484
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	32	440
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	32	440
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	32	440
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	0	44
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	165	23	0	188
Total	1876	26	134	2036

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nuxt (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (23 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (20 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	40	0	4
✅ example	40	0	4
✅ express	40	0	4
✅ fastify	40	0	4
✅ hono	40	0	4
❌ nextjs-turbopack	42	1	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	42	1	1
✅ nitro	40	0	4
❌ nuxt	39	1	4
✅ sveltekit	40	0	4
✅ vite	40	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	43	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	43	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	20	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	43	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.034s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.976s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-3.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.053s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.027s (+1.0%)	0.974s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.914s	10	3.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.105s (+59.0% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.910s	10	3.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.244s (+66.2% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.773s	10	7.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.745s	10	7.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.284s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.729s	10	8.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.585s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.498s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.621s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.575s (-2.4%)	0.954s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.656s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.541s (~)	0.885s	10	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.077s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.905s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.120s (+2.1%)	2.021s (~)	0.901s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.716s	10	1.21x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.711s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.666s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.116s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.450s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.124s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.889s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.141s (-1.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.874s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.744s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.620s (-2.3%)	0.876s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.792s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.608s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.816s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.962s (+2.5%)	3.825s (+1.2%)	0.863s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.473s (-1.1%)	11.014s (~)	0.541s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.680s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.339s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.790s (~)	11.007s (~)	0.218s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.802s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.212s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.860s (+1.9%)	11.030s (~)	0.170s	5	1.04x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.830s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.776s	5	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.408s (+4.8%)	16.032s (+3.9%)	0.624s	5	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.509s (-24.1% 🟢)	16.032s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.524s	5	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.479s (+13.2% 🔺)	21.029s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.550s	5	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.363s (-3.5%)	25.150s (-3.4%)	0.787s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.530s (+3.8%)	25.265s (+3.1%)	0.735s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	25.329s (+6.0% 🔺)	26.498s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.169s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.312s (-2.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.697s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.645s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.533s (+11.0% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.486s	15	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.759s (-28.2% 🟢)	2.078s (-31.0% 🟢)	0.319s	15	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.882s (-4.4%)	2.092s (~)	0.210s	15	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.053s (-14.0% 🟢)	2.511s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.458s	12	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-3.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.877s	10	1.63x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+0.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.867s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.962s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.540s (-13.6% 🟢)	0.578s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.042s (-3.7%)	3.707s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.665s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.180s (+1.9%)	3.924s (-0.6%)	0.744s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.224s (+2.3%)	3.185s (+1.2%)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (+0.7%)	3.205s (~)	0.955s	10	1.01x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.375s (-3.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.634s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.506s (+1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.504s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.639s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.030s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.390s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.749s (+35.7% 🔺)	3.223s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.474s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.812s (+17.6% 🔺)	3.020s (~)	0.208s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.922s (+4.0%)	3.477s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.760s (+1.4%)	5.179s (~)	0.418s	6	2.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.855s (+4.0%)	5.181s (~)	0.326s	6	2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.470s (-11.8% 🟢)	4.037s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.567s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.502s (-8.4% 🟢)	4.166s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.664s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.933s (~)	4.442s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.509s	7	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.386s (+1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.429s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.578s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.575s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.576s (+12.0% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.445s	15	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.703s (-0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.308s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.840s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.169s	15	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.893s (-3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.118s	15	1.43x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.126s (-4.6%)	3.016s (~)	0.890s	10	1.60x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+1.3%)	3.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.678s (-30.0% 🟢)	3.605s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.927s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.727s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.659s (+1.1%)	0.933s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.995s (+235.4% 🔺)	10.881s (+176.0% 🔺)	0.886s	5	3.73x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.259s (~)	3.217s (+0.8%)	0.958s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.260s (+3.3%)	3.208s (+2.2%)	0.949s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.409s (-1.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.600s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.478s (-2.5%)	3.028s (~)	0.549s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.506s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.654s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.017s (~)	0.362s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.793s (+1.4%)	3.017s (~)	0.223s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.806s (+26.5% 🔺)	3.106s (-1.8%)	0.300s	10	1.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.679s (-1.9%)	5.180s (~)	0.500s	6	2.07x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.705s (~)	5.181s (~)	0.475s	6	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.693s (+10.7% 🔺)	4.178s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.485s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.789s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.429s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.640s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.005s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.758s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.754s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+4.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (+0.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-3.2%)	1.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+0.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.017s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s (+37.1% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.028s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.046s (+1.0%)	0.860s	10	1.84x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.484s (-4.2%)	0.962s (+1.8%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.530s	10	4.79x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s (-1.3%)	0.964s (+0.7%)	0.000s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.527s	10	4.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (+89.0% 🔺)	1.837s (+90.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.810s	10	11.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.745s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.658s	10	13.41x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.725s (+30.5% 🔺)	2.157s (+25.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.413s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.689s	10	17.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-3.4%)	3.248s (-4.9%)	0.559s (-24.2% 🟢)	4.338s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.293s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.058s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.222s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.659s (-35.4% 🟢)	4.364s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.306s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.069s (-9.9% 🟢)	3.421s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.437s (-46.6% 🟢)	4.329s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.260s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	6/8
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	8/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm

[vercel-release-bot]

This PR was opened by the Changesets release GitHub action. When you're ready to do a release, you can merge this and the packages will be published to npm automatically. If you're not ready to do a release yet, that's fine, whenever you add more changesets to main, this PR will be updated.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

main is currently in pre mode so this branch has prereleases rather than normal releases. If you want to exit prereleases, run changeset pre exit on main.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

Releases

The changelog information of each package has been omitted from this message, as the content exceeds the size limit.

@workflow/cli@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/core@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/errors@4.1.0-beta.14

@workflow/serde@4.1.0-beta.2

@workflow/swc-plugin@4.1.0-beta.15

@workflow/utils@4.1.0-beta.11

@workflow/web@4.1.0-beta.31

@workflow/web-shared@4.1.0-beta.46

workflow@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/world@4.1.0-beta.1

@workflow/world-local@4.1.0-beta.28

@workflow/world-postgres@4.1.0-beta.30

@workflow/world-testing@4.1.0-beta.52

@workflow/world-vercel@4.1.0-beta.29

@workflow/ai@4.0.1-beta.52

@workflow/astro@4.0.0-beta.25

@workflow/builders@4.0.1-beta.42

@workflow/nest@0.0.0-beta.0

@workflow/next@4.0.1-beta.47

@workflow/nitro@4.0.1-beta.46

@workflow/nuxt@4.0.1-beta.35

@workflow/rollup@4.0.0-beta.9

@workflow/sveltekit@4.0.0-beta.40

@workflow/docs-typecheck@0.0.1-beta.11

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	443	3	38	484
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	32	440
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	32	440
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	32	440
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	0	44
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	165	23	0	188
Total	1876	26	134	2036

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nuxt (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (23 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (20 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	40	0	4
✅ example	40	0	4
✅ express	40	0	4
✅ fastify	40	0	4
✅ hono	40	0	4
❌ nextjs-turbopack	42	1	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	42	1	1
✅ nitro	40	0	4
❌ nuxt	39	1	4
✅ sveltekit	40	0	4
✅ vite	40	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	43	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	43	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	20	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	43	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.034s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.976s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-3.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.053s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.027s (+1.0%)	0.974s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.914s	10	3.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.105s (+59.0% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.910s	10	3.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.244s (+66.2% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.773s	10	7.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.745s	10	7.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.284s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.729s	10	8.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.585s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.498s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.621s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.575s (-2.4%)	0.954s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.656s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.541s (~)	0.885s	10	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.077s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.905s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.120s (+2.1%)	2.021s (~)	0.901s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.716s	10	1.21x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.711s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.666s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.116s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.450s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.124s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.889s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.141s (-1.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.874s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.744s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.620s (-2.3%)	0.876s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.792s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.608s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.816s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.962s (+2.5%)	3.825s (+1.2%)	0.863s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.473s (-1.1%)	11.014s (~)	0.541s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.680s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.339s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.790s (~)	11.007s (~)	0.218s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.802s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.212s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.860s (+1.9%)	11.030s (~)	0.170s	5	1.04x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.830s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.776s	5	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.408s (+4.8%)	16.032s (+3.9%)	0.624s	5	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.509s (-24.1% 🟢)	16.032s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.524s	5	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.479s (+13.2% 🔺)	21.029s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.550s	5	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.363s (-3.5%)	25.150s (-3.4%)	0.787s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.530s (+3.8%)	25.265s (+3.1%)	0.735s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	25.329s (+6.0% 🔺)	26.498s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.169s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.312s (-2.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.697s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.645s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.533s (+11.0% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.486s	15	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.759s (-28.2% 🟢)	2.078s (-31.0% 🟢)	0.319s	15	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.882s (-4.4%)	2.092s (~)	0.210s	15	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.053s (-14.0% 🟢)	2.511s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.458s	12	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-3.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.877s	10	1.63x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+0.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.867s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.962s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.540s (-13.6% 🟢)	0.578s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.042s (-3.7%)	3.707s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.665s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.180s (+1.9%)	3.924s (-0.6%)	0.744s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.224s (+2.3%)	3.185s (+1.2%)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (+0.7%)	3.205s (~)	0.955s	10	1.01x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.375s (-3.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.634s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.506s (+1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.504s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.639s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.030s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.390s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.749s (+35.7% 🔺)	3.223s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.474s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.812s (+17.6% 🔺)	3.020s (~)	0.208s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.922s (+4.0%)	3.477s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.760s (+1.4%)	5.179s (~)	0.418s	6	2.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.855s (+4.0%)	5.181s (~)	0.326s	6	2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.470s (-11.8% 🟢)	4.037s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.567s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.502s (-8.4% 🟢)	4.166s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.664s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.933s (~)	4.442s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.509s	7	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.386s (+1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.429s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.578s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.575s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.576s (+12.0% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.445s	15	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.703s (-0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.308s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.840s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.169s	15	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.893s (-3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.118s	15	1.43x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.126s (-4.6%)	3.016s (~)	0.890s	10	1.60x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+1.3%)	3.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.678s (-30.0% 🟢)	3.605s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.927s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.727s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.659s (+1.1%)	0.933s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.995s (+235.4% 🔺)	10.881s (+176.0% 🔺)	0.886s	5	3.73x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.259s (~)	3.217s (+0.8%)	0.958s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.260s (+3.3%)	3.208s (+2.2%)	0.949s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.409s (-1.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.600s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.478s (-2.5%)	3.028s (~)	0.549s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.506s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.654s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.017s (~)	0.362s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.793s (+1.4%)	3.017s (~)	0.223s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.806s (+26.5% 🔺)	3.106s (-1.8%)	0.300s	10	1.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.679s (-1.9%)	5.180s (~)	0.500s	6	2.07x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.705s (~)	5.181s (~)	0.475s	6	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.693s (+10.7% 🔺)	4.178s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.485s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.789s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.429s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.640s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.005s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.758s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.754s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+4.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (+0.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-3.2%)	1.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+0.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.017s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s (+37.1% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.028s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.046s (+1.0%)	0.860s	10	1.84x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.484s (-4.2%)	0.962s (+1.8%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.530s	10	4.79x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s (-1.3%)	0.964s (+0.7%)	0.000s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.527s	10	4.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (+89.0% 🔺)	1.837s (+90.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.810s	10	11.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.745s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.658s	10	13.41x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.725s (+30.5% 🔺)	2.157s (+25.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.413s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.689s	10	17.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-3.4%)	3.248s (-4.9%)	0.559s (-24.2% 🟢)	4.338s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.293s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.058s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.222s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.659s (-35.4% 🟢)	4.364s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.306s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.069s (-9.9% 🟢)	3.421s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.437s (-46.6% 🟢)	4.329s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.260s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	6/8
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	8/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm

[vercel-release-bot]

This PR was opened by the Changesets release GitHub action. When you're ready to do a release, you can merge this and the packages will be published to npm automatically. If you're not ready to do a release yet, that's fine, whenever you add more changesets to main, this PR will be updated.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

main is currently in pre mode so this branch has prereleases rather than normal releases. If you want to exit prereleases, run changeset pre exit on main.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

Releases

The changelog information of each package has been omitted from this message, as the content exceeds the size limit.

@workflow/cli@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/core@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/errors@4.1.0-beta.14

@workflow/serde@4.1.0-beta.2

@workflow/swc-plugin@4.1.0-beta.15

@workflow/utils@4.1.0-beta.11

@workflow/web@4.1.0-beta.31

@workflow/web-shared@4.1.0-beta.46

workflow@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/world@4.1.0-beta.1

@workflow/world-local@4.1.0-beta.28

@workflow/world-postgres@4.1.0-beta.30

@workflow/world-testing@4.1.0-beta.52

@workflow/world-vercel@4.1.0-beta.29

@workflow/ai@4.0.1-beta.52

@workflow/astro@4.0.0-beta.25

@workflow/builders@4.0.1-beta.42

@workflow/nest@0.0.0-beta.0

@workflow/next@4.0.1-beta.47

@workflow/nitro@4.0.1-beta.46

@workflow/nuxt@4.0.1-beta.35

@workflow/rollup@4.0.0-beta.9

@workflow/sveltekit@4.0.0-beta.40

@workflow/docs-typecheck@0.0.1-beta.11

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	443	3	38	484
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	32	440
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	32	440
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	32	440
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	0	44
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	165	23	0	188
Total	1876	26	134	2036

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nuxt (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (23 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (20 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	40	0	4
✅ example	40	0	4
✅ express	40	0	4
✅ fastify	40	0	4
✅ hono	40	0	4
❌ nextjs-turbopack	42	1	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	42	1	1
✅ nitro	40	0	4
❌ nuxt	39	1	4
✅ sveltekit	40	0	4
✅ vite	40	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	43	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	43	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	20	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	43	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.034s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.976s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-3.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.053s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.027s (+1.0%)	0.974s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.914s	10	3.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.105s (+59.0% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.910s	10	3.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.244s (+66.2% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.773s	10	7.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.745s	10	7.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.284s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.729s	10	8.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.585s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.498s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.621s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.575s (-2.4%)	0.954s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.656s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.541s (~)	0.885s	10	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.077s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.905s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.120s (+2.1%)	2.021s (~)	0.901s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.716s	10	1.21x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.711s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.666s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.116s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.450s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.124s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.889s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.141s (-1.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.874s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.744s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.620s (-2.3%)	0.876s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.792s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.608s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.816s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.962s (+2.5%)	3.825s (+1.2%)	0.863s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.473s (-1.1%)	11.014s (~)	0.541s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.680s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.339s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.790s (~)	11.007s (~)	0.218s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.802s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.212s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.860s (+1.9%)	11.030s (~)	0.170s	5	1.04x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.830s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.776s	5	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.408s (+4.8%)	16.032s (+3.9%)	0.624s	5	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.509s (-24.1% 🟢)	16.032s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.524s	5	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.479s (+13.2% 🔺)	21.029s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.550s	5	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.363s (-3.5%)	25.150s (-3.4%)	0.787s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.530s (+3.8%)	25.265s (+3.1%)	0.735s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	25.329s (+6.0% 🔺)	26.498s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.169s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.312s (-2.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.697s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.645s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.533s (+11.0% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.486s	15	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.759s (-28.2% 🟢)	2.078s (-31.0% 🟢)	0.319s	15	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.882s (-4.4%)	2.092s (~)	0.210s	15	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.053s (-14.0% 🟢)	2.511s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.458s	12	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-3.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.877s	10	1.63x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+0.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.867s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.962s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.540s (-13.6% 🟢)	0.578s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.042s (-3.7%)	3.707s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.665s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.180s (+1.9%)	3.924s (-0.6%)	0.744s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.224s (+2.3%)	3.185s (+1.2%)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (+0.7%)	3.205s (~)	0.955s	10	1.01x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.375s (-3.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.634s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.506s (+1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.504s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.639s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.030s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.390s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.749s (+35.7% 🔺)	3.223s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.474s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.812s (+17.6% 🔺)	3.020s (~)	0.208s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.922s (+4.0%)	3.477s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.760s (+1.4%)	5.179s (~)	0.418s	6	2.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.855s (+4.0%)	5.181s (~)	0.326s	6	2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.470s (-11.8% 🟢)	4.037s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.567s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.502s (-8.4% 🟢)	4.166s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.664s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.933s (~)	4.442s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.509s	7	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.386s (+1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.429s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.578s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.575s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.576s (+12.0% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.445s	15	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.703s (-0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.308s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.840s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.169s	15	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.893s (-3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.118s	15	1.43x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.126s (-4.6%)	3.016s (~)	0.890s	10	1.60x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+1.3%)	3.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.678s (-30.0% 🟢)	3.605s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.927s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.727s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.659s (+1.1%)	0.933s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.995s (+235.4% 🔺)	10.881s (+176.0% 🔺)	0.886s	5	3.73x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.259s (~)	3.217s (+0.8%)	0.958s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.260s (+3.3%)	3.208s (+2.2%)	0.949s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.409s (-1.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.600s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.478s (-2.5%)	3.028s (~)	0.549s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.506s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.654s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.017s (~)	0.362s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.793s (+1.4%)	3.017s (~)	0.223s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.806s (+26.5% 🔺)	3.106s (-1.8%)	0.300s	10	1.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.679s (-1.9%)	5.180s (~)	0.500s	6	2.07x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.705s (~)	5.181s (~)	0.475s	6	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.693s (+10.7% 🔺)	4.178s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.485s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.789s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.429s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.640s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.005s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.758s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.754s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+4.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (+0.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-3.2%)	1.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+0.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.017s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s (+37.1% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.028s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.046s (+1.0%)	0.860s	10	1.84x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.484s (-4.2%)	0.962s (+1.8%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.530s	10	4.79x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s (-1.3%)	0.964s (+0.7%)	0.000s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.527s	10	4.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (+89.0% 🔺)	1.837s (+90.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.810s	10	11.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.745s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.658s	10	13.41x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.725s (+30.5% 🔺)	2.157s (+25.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.413s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.689s	10	17.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-3.4%)	3.248s (-4.9%)	0.559s (-24.2% 🟢)	4.338s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.293s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.058s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.222s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.659s (-35.4% 🟢)	4.364s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.306s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.069s (-9.9% 🟢)	3.421s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.437s (-46.6% 🟢)	4.329s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.260s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	6/8
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	8/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm

[vercel-release-bot]

This PR was opened by the Changesets release GitHub action. When you're ready to do a release, you can merge this and the packages will be published to npm automatically. If you're not ready to do a release yet, that's fine, whenever you add more changesets to main, this PR will be updated.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

main is currently in pre mode so this branch has prereleases rather than normal releases. If you want to exit prereleases, run changeset pre exit on main.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

Releases

The changelog information of each package has been omitted from this message, as the content exceeds the size limit.

@workflow/cli@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/core@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/errors@4.1.0-beta.14

@workflow/serde@4.1.0-beta.2

@workflow/swc-plugin@4.1.0-beta.15

@workflow/utils@4.1.0-beta.11

@workflow/web@4.1.0-beta.31

@workflow/web-shared@4.1.0-beta.46

workflow@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/world@4.1.0-beta.1

@workflow/world-local@4.1.0-beta.28

@workflow/world-postgres@4.1.0-beta.30

@workflow/world-testing@4.1.0-beta.52

@workflow/world-vercel@4.1.0-beta.29

@workflow/ai@4.0.1-beta.52

@workflow/astro@4.0.0-beta.25

@workflow/builders@4.0.1-beta.42

@workflow/nest@0.0.0-beta.0

@workflow/next@4.0.1-beta.47

@workflow/nitro@4.0.1-beta.46

@workflow/nuxt@4.0.1-beta.35

@workflow/rollup@4.0.0-beta.9

@workflow/sveltekit@4.0.0-beta.40

@workflow/docs-typecheck@0.0.1-beta.11

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	443	3	38	484
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	32	440
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	32	440
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	32	440
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	0	44
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	165	23	0	188
Total	1876	26	134	2036

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nuxt (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (23 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (20 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	40	0	4
✅ example	40	0	4
✅ express	40	0	4
✅ fastify	40	0	4
✅ hono	40	0	4
❌ nextjs-turbopack	42	1	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	42	1	1
✅ nitro	40	0	4
❌ nuxt	39	1	4
✅ sveltekit	40	0	4
✅ vite	40	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	43	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	43	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	20	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	43	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.034s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.976s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-3.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.053s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.027s (+1.0%)	0.974s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.914s	10	3.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.105s (+59.0% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.910s	10	3.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.244s (+66.2% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.773s	10	7.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.745s	10	7.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.284s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.729s	10	8.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.585s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.498s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.621s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.575s (-2.4%)	0.954s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.656s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.541s (~)	0.885s	10	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.077s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.905s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.120s (+2.1%)	2.021s (~)	0.901s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.716s	10	1.21x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.711s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.666s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.116s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.450s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.124s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.889s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.141s (-1.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.874s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.744s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.620s (-2.3%)	0.876s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.792s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.608s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.816s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.962s (+2.5%)	3.825s (+1.2%)	0.863s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.473s (-1.1%)	11.014s (~)	0.541s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.680s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.339s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.790s (~)	11.007s (~)	0.218s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.802s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.212s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.860s (+1.9%)	11.030s (~)	0.170s	5	1.04x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.830s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.776s	5	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.408s (+4.8%)	16.032s (+3.9%)	0.624s	5	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.509s (-24.1% 🟢)	16.032s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.524s	5	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.479s (+13.2% 🔺)	21.029s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.550s	5	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.363s (-3.5%)	25.150s (-3.4%)	0.787s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.530s (+3.8%)	25.265s (+3.1%)	0.735s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	25.329s (+6.0% 🔺)	26.498s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.169s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.312s (-2.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.697s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.645s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.533s (+11.0% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.486s	15	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.759s (-28.2% 🟢)	2.078s (-31.0% 🟢)	0.319s	15	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.882s (-4.4%)	2.092s (~)	0.210s	15	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.053s (-14.0% 🟢)	2.511s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.458s	12	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-3.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.877s	10	1.63x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+0.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.867s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.962s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.540s (-13.6% 🟢)	0.578s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.042s (-3.7%)	3.707s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.665s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.180s (+1.9%)	3.924s (-0.6%)	0.744s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.224s (+2.3%)	3.185s (+1.2%)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (+0.7%)	3.205s (~)	0.955s	10	1.01x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.375s (-3.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.634s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.506s (+1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.504s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.639s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.030s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.390s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.749s (+35.7% 🔺)	3.223s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.474s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.812s (+17.6% 🔺)	3.020s (~)	0.208s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.922s (+4.0%)	3.477s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.760s (+1.4%)	5.179s (~)	0.418s	6	2.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.855s (+4.0%)	5.181s (~)	0.326s	6	2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.470s (-11.8% 🟢)	4.037s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.567s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.502s (-8.4% 🟢)	4.166s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.664s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.933s (~)	4.442s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.509s	7	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.386s (+1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.429s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.578s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.575s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.576s (+12.0% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.445s	15	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.703s (-0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.308s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.840s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.169s	15	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.893s (-3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.118s	15	1.43x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.126s (-4.6%)	3.016s (~)	0.890s	10	1.60x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+1.3%)	3.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.678s (-30.0% 🟢)	3.605s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.927s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.727s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.659s (+1.1%)	0.933s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.995s (+235.4% 🔺)	10.881s (+176.0% 🔺)	0.886s	5	3.73x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.259s (~)	3.217s (+0.8%)	0.958s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.260s (+3.3%)	3.208s (+2.2%)	0.949s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.409s (-1.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.600s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.478s (-2.5%)	3.028s (~)	0.549s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.506s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.654s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.017s (~)	0.362s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.793s (+1.4%)	3.017s (~)	0.223s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.806s (+26.5% 🔺)	3.106s (-1.8%)	0.300s	10	1.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.679s (-1.9%)	5.180s (~)	0.500s	6	2.07x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.705s (~)	5.181s (~)	0.475s	6	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.693s (+10.7% 🔺)	4.178s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.485s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.789s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.429s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.640s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.005s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.758s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.754s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+4.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (+0.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-3.2%)	1.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+0.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.017s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s (+37.1% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.028s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.046s (+1.0%)	0.860s	10	1.84x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.484s (-4.2%)	0.962s (+1.8%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.530s	10	4.79x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s (-1.3%)	0.964s (+0.7%)	0.000s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.527s	10	4.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (+89.0% 🔺)	1.837s (+90.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.810s	10	11.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.745s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.658s	10	13.41x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.725s (+30.5% 🔺)	2.157s (+25.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.413s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.689s	10	17.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-3.4%)	3.248s (-4.9%)	0.559s (-24.2% 🟢)	4.338s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.293s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.058s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.222s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.659s (-35.4% 🟢)	4.364s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.306s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.069s (-9.9% 🟢)	3.421s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.437s (-46.6% 🟢)	4.329s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.260s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	6/8
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	8/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm

[vercel-release-bot]

This PR was opened by the Changesets release GitHub action. When you're ready to do a release, you can merge this and the packages will be published to npm automatically. If you're not ready to do a release yet, that's fine, whenever you add more changesets to main, this PR will be updated.

⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

main is currently in pre mode so this branch has prereleases rather than normal releases. If you want to exit prereleases, run changeset pre exit on main.

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Releases

The changelog information of each package has been omitted from this message, as the content exceeds the size limit.

@workflow/cli@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/core@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/errors@4.1.0-beta.14

@workflow/serde@4.1.0-beta.2

@workflow/swc-plugin@4.1.0-beta.15

@workflow/utils@4.1.0-beta.11

@workflow/web@4.1.0-beta.31

@workflow/web-shared@4.1.0-beta.46

workflow@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/world@4.1.0-beta.1

@workflow/world-local@4.1.0-beta.28

@workflow/world-postgres@4.1.0-beta.30

@workflow/world-testing@4.1.0-beta.52

@workflow/world-vercel@4.1.0-beta.29

@workflow/ai@4.0.1-beta.52

@workflow/astro@4.0.0-beta.25

@workflow/builders@4.0.1-beta.42

@workflow/nest@0.0.0-beta.0

@workflow/next@4.0.1-beta.47

@workflow/nitro@4.0.1-beta.46

@workflow/nuxt@4.0.1-beta.35

@workflow/rollup@4.0.0-beta.9

@workflow/sveltekit@4.0.0-beta.40

@workflow/docs-typecheck@0.0.1-beta.11

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	443	3	38	484
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	32	440
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	32	440
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	32	440
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	0	44
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	165	23	0	188
Total	1876	26	134	2036

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nuxt (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (23 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (20 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	40	0	4
✅ example	40	0	4
✅ express	40	0	4
✅ fastify	40	0	4
✅ hono	40	0	4
❌ nextjs-turbopack	42	1	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	42	1	1
✅ nitro	40	0	4
❌ nuxt	39	1	4
✅ sveltekit	40	0	4
✅ vite	40	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	43	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	43	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	20	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	43	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.034s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.976s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-3.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.053s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.027s (+1.0%)	0.974s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.914s	10	3.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.105s (+59.0% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.910s	10	3.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.244s (+66.2% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.773s	10	7.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.745s	10	7.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.284s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.729s	10	8.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.585s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.498s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.621s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.575s (-2.4%)	0.954s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.656s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.541s (~)	0.885s	10	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.077s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.905s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.120s (+2.1%)	2.021s (~)	0.901s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.716s	10	1.21x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.711s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.666s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.116s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.450s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.124s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.889s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.141s (-1.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.874s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.744s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.620s (-2.3%)	0.876s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.792s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.608s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.816s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.962s (+2.5%)	3.825s (+1.2%)	0.863s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.473s (-1.1%)	11.014s (~)	0.541s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.680s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.339s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.790s (~)	11.007s (~)	0.218s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.802s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.212s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.860s (+1.9%)	11.030s (~)	0.170s	5	1.04x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.830s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.776s	5	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.408s (+4.8%)	16.032s (+3.9%)	0.624s	5	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.509s (-24.1% 🟢)	16.032s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.524s	5	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.479s (+13.2% 🔺)	21.029s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.550s	5	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.363s (-3.5%)	25.150s (-3.4%)	0.787s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.530s (+3.8%)	25.265s (+3.1%)	0.735s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	25.329s (+6.0% 🔺)	26.498s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.169s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.312s (-2.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.697s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.645s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.533s (+11.0% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.486s	15	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.759s (-28.2% 🟢)	2.078s (-31.0% 🟢)	0.319s	15	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.882s (-4.4%)	2.092s (~)	0.210s	15	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.053s (-14.0% 🟢)	2.511s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.458s	12	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-3.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.877s	10	1.63x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+0.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.867s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.962s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.540s (-13.6% 🟢)	0.578s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.042s (-3.7%)	3.707s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.665s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.180s (+1.9%)	3.924s (-0.6%)	0.744s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.224s (+2.3%)	3.185s (+1.2%)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (+0.7%)	3.205s (~)	0.955s	10	1.01x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.375s (-3.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.634s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.506s (+1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.504s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.639s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.030s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.390s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.749s (+35.7% 🔺)	3.223s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.474s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.812s (+17.6% 🔺)	3.020s (~)	0.208s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.922s (+4.0%)	3.477s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.760s (+1.4%)	5.179s (~)	0.418s	6	2.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.855s (+4.0%)	5.181s (~)	0.326s	6	2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.470s (-11.8% 🟢)	4.037s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.567s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.502s (-8.4% 🟢)	4.166s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.664s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.933s (~)	4.442s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.509s	7	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.386s (+1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.429s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.578s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.575s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.576s (+12.0% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.445s	15	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.703s (-0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.308s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.840s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.169s	15	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.893s (-3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.118s	15	1.43x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.126s (-4.6%)	3.016s (~)	0.890s	10	1.60x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+1.3%)	3.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.678s (-30.0% 🟢)	3.605s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.927s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.727s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.659s (+1.1%)	0.933s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.995s (+235.4% 🔺)	10.881s (+176.0% 🔺)	0.886s	5	3.73x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.259s (~)	3.217s (+0.8%)	0.958s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.260s (+3.3%)	3.208s (+2.2%)	0.949s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.409s (-1.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.600s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.478s (-2.5%)	3.028s (~)	0.549s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.506s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.654s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.017s (~)	0.362s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.793s (+1.4%)	3.017s (~)	0.223s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.806s (+26.5% 🔺)	3.106s (-1.8%)	0.300s	10	1.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.679s (-1.9%)	5.180s (~)	0.500s	6	2.07x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.705s (~)	5.181s (~)	0.475s	6	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.693s (+10.7% 🔺)	4.178s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.485s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.789s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.429s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.640s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.005s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.758s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.754s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+4.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (+0.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-3.2%)	1.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+0.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.017s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s (+37.1% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.028s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.046s (+1.0%)	0.860s	10	1.84x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.484s (-4.2%)	0.962s (+1.8%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.530s	10	4.79x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s (-1.3%)	0.964s (+0.7%)	0.000s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.527s	10	4.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (+89.0% 🔺)	1.837s (+90.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.810s	10	11.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.745s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.658s	10	13.41x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.725s (+30.5% 🔺)	2.157s (+25.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.413s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.689s	10	17.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-3.4%)	3.248s (-4.9%)	0.559s (-24.2% 🟢)	4.338s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.293s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.058s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.222s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.659s (-35.4% 🟢)	4.364s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.306s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.069s (-9.9% 🟢)	3.421s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.437s (-46.6% 🟢)	4.329s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.260s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	6/8
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	8/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

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The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm

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⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️⚠️

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Releases

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@workflow/cli@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/core@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/errors@4.1.0-beta.14

@workflow/serde@4.1.0-beta.2

@workflow/swc-plugin@4.1.0-beta.15

@workflow/utils@4.1.0-beta.11

@workflow/web@4.1.0-beta.31

@workflow/web-shared@4.1.0-beta.46

workflow@4.1.0-beta.51

@workflow/world@4.1.0-beta.1

@workflow/world-local@4.1.0-beta.28

@workflow/world-postgres@4.1.0-beta.30

@workflow/world-testing@4.1.0-beta.52

@workflow/world-vercel@4.1.0-beta.29

@workflow/ai@4.0.1-beta.52

@workflow/astro@4.0.0-beta.25

@workflow/builders@4.0.1-beta.42

@workflow/nest@0.0.0-beta.0

@workflow/next@4.0.1-beta.47

@workflow/nitro@4.0.1-beta.46

@workflow/nuxt@4.0.1-beta.35

@workflow/rollup@4.0.0-beta.9

@workflow/sveltekit@4.0.0-beta.40

@workflow/docs-typecheck@0.0.1-beta.11

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	443	3	38	484
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	32	440
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	32	440
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	32	440
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	0	44
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	165	23	0	188
Total	1876	26	134	2036

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (3 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

nuxt (1 failed):

• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow

🌍 Community Worlds (23 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

redis (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

starter (20 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE

turso (1 failed):

• webhookWorkflow

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	40	0	4
✅ example	40	0	4
✅ express	40	0	4
✅ fastify	40	0	4
✅ hono	40	0	4
❌ nextjs-turbopack	42	1	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	42	1	1
✅ nitro	40	0	4
❌ nuxt	39	1	4
✅ sveltekit	40	0	4
✅ vite	40	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	4
✅ express-stable	40	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	4
✅ hono-stable	40	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	4
✅ vite-stable	40	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	43	1	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	43	1	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	24	20	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	43	1	0

---

📋 View full workflow run

---

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

• Vercel Prod: failure
• Local Dev: success
• Local Prod: success
• Local Postgres: success
• Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.034s (-7.4% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.042s (~)	1.018s (~)	0.976s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.043s (-0.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.963s	10	1.28x
💻 Local	Express	0.044s (-3.3%)	1.008s (~)	0.964s	10	1.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.053s (+32.4% 🔺)	1.027s (+1.0%)	0.974s	10	1.58x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.015s (~)	0.914s	10	3.00x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.105s (+59.0% 🔺)	1.014s (~)	0.910s	10	3.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.244s (+66.2% 🔺)	1.017s (~)	0.773s	10	7.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.268s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.745s	10	7.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.284s (-12.8% 🟢)	1.013s (~)	0.729s	10	8.45x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.585s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.498s (~)	0.914s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.621s (-5.7% 🟢)	1.575s (-2.4%)	0.954s	10	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.656s (-11.8% 🟢)	1.541s (~)	0.885s	10	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.077s (-0.9%)	2.010s (~)	0.932s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.109s (~)	2.013s (~)	0.905s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.112s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.894s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.115s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.892s	10	1.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.120s (+2.1%)	2.021s (~)	0.901s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.300s (~)	2.016s (~)	0.716s	10	1.21x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.303s (~)	2.014s (~)	0.711s	10	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.666s (-22.9% 🟢)	2.116s (-16.0% 🟢)	0.450s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.124s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.889s	10	1.97x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.141s (-1.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.874s	10	1.99x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.744s (-8.2% 🟢)	3.620s (-2.3%)	0.876s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.792s (-8.8% 🟢)	3.608s (-6.7% 🟢)	0.816s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.962s (+2.5%)	3.825s (+1.2%)	0.863s	10	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.473s (-1.1%)	11.014s (~)	0.541s	5	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.680s (~)	11.019s (~)	0.339s	5	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.790s (~)	11.007s (~)	0.218s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	10.802s (~)	11.014s (~)	0.212s	5	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.860s (+1.9%)	11.030s (~)	0.170s	5	1.04x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.196s (~)	13.026s (~)	0.830s	5	1.16x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.251s (~)	13.027s (~)	0.776s	5	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.408s (+4.8%)	16.032s (+3.9%)	0.624s	5	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Express	15.509s (-24.1% 🟢)	16.032s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.524s	5	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.479s (+13.2% 🔺)	21.029s (+14.1% 🔺)	0.550s	5	1.96x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	24.363s (-3.5%)	25.150s (-3.4%)	0.787s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	24.530s (+3.8%)	25.265s (+3.1%)	0.735s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	25.329s (+6.0% 🔺)	26.498s (+7.2% 🔺)	1.169s	5	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.312s (-2.8%)	2.008s (~)	0.697s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.365s (+0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.645s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.416s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.590s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Express	1.425s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.533s (+11.0% 🔺)	2.019s (~)	0.486s	15	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.759s (-28.2% 🟢)	2.078s (-31.0% 🟢)	0.319s	15	1.34x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.882s (-4.4%)	2.092s (~)	0.210s	15	1.43x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.053s (-14.0% 🟢)	2.511s (-16.6% 🟢)	0.458s	12	1.57x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.138s (-3.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.877s	10	1.63x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+0.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.867s	10	1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.962s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.540s (-13.6% 🟢)	0.578s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.042s (-3.7%)	3.707s (-6.9% 🟢)	0.665s	9	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.180s (+1.9%)	3.924s (-0.6%)	0.744s	8	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.224s (+2.3%)	3.185s (+1.2%)	0.961s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	2.250s (+0.7%)	3.205s (~)	0.955s	10	1.01x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.375s (-3.3%)	3.009s (~)	0.634s	10	1.07x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.506s (+1.1%)	3.011s (~)	0.504s	10	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.639s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.030s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.390s	10	1.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.749s (+35.7% 🔺)	3.223s (+16.5% 🔺)	0.474s	10	1.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.812s (+17.6% 🔺)	3.020s (~)	0.208s	10	1.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.922s (+4.0%)	3.477s (+15.4% 🔺)	0.555s	9	1.31x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.760s (+1.4%)	5.179s (~)	0.418s	6	2.14x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.855s (+4.0%)	5.181s (~)	0.326s	6	2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.470s (-11.8% 🟢)	4.037s (-14.7% 🟢)	0.567s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.502s (-8.4% 🟢)	4.166s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.664s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.933s (~)	4.442s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.509s	7	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.327s (-2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.680s	15	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.386s (+1.4%)	2.012s (~)	0.626s	15	1.04x
💻 Local	Express	1.429s (+0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.578s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.431s (+1.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.575s	15	1.08x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.576s (+12.0% 🔺)	2.022s (~)	0.445s	15	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.703s (-0.5%)	2.011s (~)	0.308s	15	1.28x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.840s (-8.1% 🟢)	2.009s (-9.7% 🟢)	0.169s	15	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.893s (-3.2%)	2.011s (~)	0.118s	15	1.43x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.126s (-4.6%)	3.016s (~)	0.890s	10	1.60x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.148s (+1.3%)	3.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.62x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.678s (-30.0% 🟢)	3.605s (-17.7% 🟢)	0.927s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.727s (-8.6% 🟢)	3.659s (+1.1%)	0.933s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Express	9.995s (+235.4% 🔺)	10.881s (+176.0% 🔺)	0.886s	5	3.73x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.259s (~)	3.217s (+0.8%)	0.958s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.260s (+3.3%)	3.208s (+2.2%)	0.949s	10	1.00x
🌐 Starter	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.409s (-1.7%)	3.009s (~)	0.600s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.478s (-2.5%)	3.028s (~)	0.549s	10	1.10x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.505s (~)	3.011s (~)	0.506s	10	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.654s (-7.3% 🟢)	3.017s (~)	0.362s	10	1.17x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.793s (+1.4%)	3.017s (~)	0.223s	10	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.806s (+26.5% 🔺)	3.106s (-1.8%)	0.300s	10	1.24x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.679s (-1.9%)	5.180s (~)	0.500s	6	2.07x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.705s (~)	5.181s (~)	0.475s	6	2.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.693s (+10.7% 🔺)	4.178s (+9.0% 🔺)	0.485s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.789s (+9.4% 🔺)	4.429s (+5.5% 🔺)	0.640s	7	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Express	4.005s (+14.2% 🔺)	4.758s (+12.4% 🔺)	0.754s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Starter	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.101s (-20.7% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.911s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.149s (+4.4%)	1.005s (~)	0.000s (NaN%)	1.014s (~)	0.866s	10	1.47x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.175s (+0.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (-3.2%)	1.021s (~)	0.845s	10	1.73x
💻 Local	Express	0.181s (+0.9%)	0.992s (~)	0.017s (-10.6% 🟢)	1.024s (~)	0.843s	10	1.80x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.186s (+37.1% 🔺)	1.004s (~)	0.028s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.046s (+1.0%)	0.860s	10	1.84x
🌐 Turso	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.484s (-4.2%)	0.962s (+1.8%)	0.000s (~)	1.014s (~)	0.530s	10	4.79x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.485s (-1.3%)	0.964s (+0.7%)	0.000s (~)	1.013s (~)	0.527s	10	4.80x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (+89.0% 🔺)	1.837s (+90.2% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.018s (+98.7% 🔺)	0.810s	10	11.96x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.354s (-42.4% 🟢)	1.745s (-35.2% 🟢)	0.000s (NaN%)	2.012s (-33.3% 🟢)	0.658s	10	13.41x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.725s (+30.5% 🔺)	2.157s (+25.3% 🔺)	0.000s (-50.0% 🟢)	2.413s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.689s	10	17.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.045s (-3.4%)	3.248s (-4.9%)	0.559s (-24.2% 🟢)	4.338s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.293s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.058s (-8.4% 🟢)	3.222s (-10.3% 🟢)	0.659s (-35.4% 🟢)	4.364s (-13.5% 🟢)	1.306s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.069s (-9.9% 🟢)	3.421s (-7.0% 🟢)	0.437s (-46.6% 🟢)	4.329s (-14.6% 🟢)	1.260s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	6/8
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	6/8

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	8/8
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Starter	8/8
Nitro	💻 Local	8/8

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 2, 2026 6:26pm