Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object

[TooTallNate]

Fixed a bug where step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object weren't being properly transformed.

What changed?

• Enhanced the SWC plugin to recursively process nested objects to find step functions
• Added support for step functions defined inside deeply nested object properties, including function call arguments
• Implemented proper path handling for nested step IDs, using compound paths (e.g., vade/tools/VercelRequest/execute)
• Fixed variable name generation by replacing slashes with $ to create valid JavaScript identifiers
• Updated documentation with examples of nested object property step functions
• Added test cases for deeply nested step functions and agent tool steps

How to test?

Test with code that has step functions nested multiple levels deep in objects:

exportconstconfig=createConfig({level1: {level2: {level3: {myStep: async(input)=>{"use step";returninput*2;},},},},});

Or with agent tools:

exportconstvade=agent({tools: {VercelRequest: {execute: async(input,ctx)=>{"use step";return1+1;},},},});

Why make this change?

This fix ensures that step functions can be properly identified and transformed regardless of how deeply they are nested in object structures. This is particularly important for complex configurations like agent tools where step functions might be several levels deep in the object hierarchy.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8cee6a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/swc-plugin	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.975s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.008s	0.961s	10	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.104s (-77.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.907s	10	3.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.190s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.822s	10	5.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.720s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.100s (-1.8%)	1.380s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.872s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.245s (+2.7%)	1.373s	10	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.924s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.246s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.322s	10	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.006s	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.899s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.195s (-4.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.818s	10	1.99x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.477s (+4.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.536s	10	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.688s (-1.7%)	3.788s (+1.7%)	1.100s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.695s (-1.8%)	3.701s (+3.1%)	1.006s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.712s (-0.8%)	3.651s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.744s	11.021s	0.276s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.818s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.202s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.830s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.329s (~)	21.059s (~)	0.729s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.413s (~)	21.055s (~)	0.642s	2	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.535s (-2.0%)	20.698s (-0.8%)	1.163s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.051s (+1.1%)	20.989s (-2.8%)	0.938s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.418s (+0.8%)	21.251s (-2.0%)	0.833s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.274s	28.039s	0.766s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.457s (~)	28.043s (~)	0.586s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.478s (~)	28.040s (~)	0.563s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	38.589s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.325s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.351s (~)	51.122s (~)	0.771s	2	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	48.803s (-1.9%)	50.129s (-1.3%)	1.327s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.538s (+0.5%)	51.129s (+1.6%)	1.591s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	49.987s (-2.2%)	50.996s (-2.1%)	1.009s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.733s	57.102s	0.369s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.101s (~)	0.943s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.184s (~)	58.098s (+1.8%)	0.913s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	75.221s (-25.0% 🟢)	75.662s (-25.3% 🟢)	0.441s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	76.508s (-23.8% 🟢)	77.174s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.665s	2	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	104.207s (-1.1%)	105.570s (-1.1%)	1.363s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	105.439s (+0.8%)	106.653s (~)	1.214s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	108.473s (-1.0%)	109.290s (-1.7%)	0.817s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.402s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.005s	0.586s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.016s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.597s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.581s	12	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.174s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.830s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.656s	11	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.060s (+18.2% 🔺)	4.116s (+17.4% 🔺)	1.056s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.177s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.376s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.200s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.420s (+13.9% 🔺)	4.504s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.084s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.512s (-4.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.495s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.577s (+0.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.430s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s	3.007s	0.400s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.381s (+9.1% 🔺)	10.044s (+11.3% 🔺)	0.663s	3	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.787s (+24.2% 🔺)	10.364s (+25.2% 🔺)	0.577s	3	3.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.157s (~)	4.259s (-2.0%)	1.102s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.461s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.544s (+4.2%)	1.084s	7	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s (+21.2% 🔺)	5.322s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.486s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.270s (-4.6%)	8.027s (~)	0.757s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.447s (+3.9%)	8.019s (~)	0.572s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.728s	8.267s	0.540s	4	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.987s (+4.0%)	51.106s (+4.0%)	0.119s	1	7.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.006s (+3.7%)	51.113s (+2.0%)	0.107s	1	7.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.405s (+64.4% 🔺)	6.849s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.444s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.246s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.526s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.280s	4	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.717s (+105.8% 🔺)	9.157s (+73.5% 🔺)	1.440s	4	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.004s	0.586s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.422s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.582s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.102s (+2.9%)	2.513s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.410s	12	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+12.1% 🔺)	2.740s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.623s	11	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.754s (-4.4%)	3.694s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.940s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.882s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.859s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.977s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.001s (+13.7% 🔺)	4.203s (+14.4% 🔺)	1.202s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.625s	3.007s	0.382s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.660s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.347s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.676s (-1.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.026s (+2.3%)	12.705s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.680s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.034s (+15.0% 🔺)	12.697s (+15.1% 🔺)	0.663s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.854s (-11.2% 🟢)	3.994s (-22.6% 🟢)	1.140s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.073s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.361s (+0.8%)	1.288s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.077s (~)	4.475s (-14.4% 🟢)	1.399s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	7.662s (-4.5%)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.358s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.846s (~)	8.269s (+3.0%)	0.423s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.075s	8.517s	0.442s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	51.742s (~)	52.140s (~)	0.398s	1	6.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	54.465s (~)	55.111s (~)	0.646s	1	7.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.344s (-2.8%)	4.576s (-2.8%)	1.233s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.719s (+4.5%)	5.147s (~)	1.428s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.739s (~)	5.245s (+1.2%)	1.507s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s	1.001s	0.010s	1.015s	0.871s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.170s (-0.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-2.9%)	1.015s (~)	0.846s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+1.2%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.843s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (-51.3% 🟢)	1.938s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.844s	10	8.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.768s (-31.7% 🟢)	0.001s (~)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.741s	10	8.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.446s (-4.5%)	2.871s (-3.9%)	0.172s (-30.1% 🟢)	3.732s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.625s (+2.2%)	3.197s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.181s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.998s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.374s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (~)	3.167s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.153s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.453s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	62	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	157	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1898	157	260	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (157 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (40 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	40	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	39	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-astro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-express-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-hono-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-vite-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-docs	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-nest	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-swc-playground	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am

[TooTallNate]

• Support step function serialization in "client" mode #924
• Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object #923 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[TooTallNate]

Fixed a bug where step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object weren't being properly transformed.

What changed?

• Enhanced the SWC plugin to recursively process nested objects to find step functions
• Added support for step functions defined inside deeply nested object properties, including function call arguments
• Implemented proper path handling for nested step IDs, using compound paths (e.g., vade/tools/VercelRequest/execute)
• Fixed variable name generation by replacing slashes with $ to create valid JavaScript identifiers
• Updated documentation with examples of nested object property step functions
• Added test cases for deeply nested step functions and agent tool steps

How to test?

Test with code that has step functions nested multiple levels deep in objects:

exportconstconfig=createConfig({level1: {level2: {level3: {myStep: async(input)=>{"use step";returninput*2;},},},},});

Or with agent tools:

exportconstvade=agent({tools: {VercelRequest: {execute: async(input,ctx)=>{"use step";return1+1;},},},});

Why make this change?

This fix ensures that step functions can be properly identified and transformed regardless of how deeply they are nested in object structures. This is particularly important for complex configurations like agent tools where step functions might be several levels deep in the object hierarchy.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8cee6a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/swc-plugin	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.975s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.008s	0.961s	10	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.104s (-77.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.907s	10	3.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.190s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.822s	10	5.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.720s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.100s (-1.8%)	1.380s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.872s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.245s (+2.7%)	1.373s	10	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.924s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.246s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.322s	10	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.006s	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.899s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.195s (-4.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.818s	10	1.99x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.477s (+4.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.536s	10	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.688s (-1.7%)	3.788s (+1.7%)	1.100s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.695s (-1.8%)	3.701s (+3.1%)	1.006s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.712s (-0.8%)	3.651s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.744s	11.021s	0.276s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.818s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.202s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.830s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.329s (~)	21.059s (~)	0.729s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.413s (~)	21.055s (~)	0.642s	2	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.535s (-2.0%)	20.698s (-0.8%)	1.163s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.051s (+1.1%)	20.989s (-2.8%)	0.938s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.418s (+0.8%)	21.251s (-2.0%)	0.833s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.274s	28.039s	0.766s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.457s (~)	28.043s (~)	0.586s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.478s (~)	28.040s (~)	0.563s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	38.589s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.325s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.351s (~)	51.122s (~)	0.771s	2	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	48.803s (-1.9%)	50.129s (-1.3%)	1.327s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.538s (+0.5%)	51.129s (+1.6%)	1.591s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	49.987s (-2.2%)	50.996s (-2.1%)	1.009s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.733s	57.102s	0.369s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.101s (~)	0.943s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.184s (~)	58.098s (+1.8%)	0.913s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	75.221s (-25.0% 🟢)	75.662s (-25.3% 🟢)	0.441s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	76.508s (-23.8% 🟢)	77.174s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.665s	2	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	104.207s (-1.1%)	105.570s (-1.1%)	1.363s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	105.439s (+0.8%)	106.653s (~)	1.214s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	108.473s (-1.0%)	109.290s (-1.7%)	0.817s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.402s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.005s	0.586s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.016s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.597s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.581s	12	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.174s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.830s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.656s	11	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.060s (+18.2% 🔺)	4.116s (+17.4% 🔺)	1.056s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.177s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.376s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.200s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.420s (+13.9% 🔺)	4.504s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.084s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.512s (-4.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.495s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.577s (+0.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.430s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s	3.007s	0.400s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.381s (+9.1% 🔺)	10.044s (+11.3% 🔺)	0.663s	3	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.787s (+24.2% 🔺)	10.364s (+25.2% 🔺)	0.577s	3	3.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.157s (~)	4.259s (-2.0%)	1.102s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.461s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.544s (+4.2%)	1.084s	7	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s (+21.2% 🔺)	5.322s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.486s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.270s (-4.6%)	8.027s (~)	0.757s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.447s (+3.9%)	8.019s (~)	0.572s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.728s	8.267s	0.540s	4	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.987s (+4.0%)	51.106s (+4.0%)	0.119s	1	7.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.006s (+3.7%)	51.113s (+2.0%)	0.107s	1	7.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.405s (+64.4% 🔺)	6.849s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.444s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.246s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.526s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.280s	4	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.717s (+105.8% 🔺)	9.157s (+73.5% 🔺)	1.440s	4	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.004s	0.586s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.422s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.582s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.102s (+2.9%)	2.513s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.410s	12	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+12.1% 🔺)	2.740s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.623s	11	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.754s (-4.4%)	3.694s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.940s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.882s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.859s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.977s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.001s (+13.7% 🔺)	4.203s (+14.4% 🔺)	1.202s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.625s	3.007s	0.382s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.660s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.347s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.676s (-1.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.026s (+2.3%)	12.705s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.680s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.034s (+15.0% 🔺)	12.697s (+15.1% 🔺)	0.663s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.854s (-11.2% 🟢)	3.994s (-22.6% 🟢)	1.140s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.073s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.361s (+0.8%)	1.288s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.077s (~)	4.475s (-14.4% 🟢)	1.399s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	7.662s (-4.5%)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.358s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.846s (~)	8.269s (+3.0%)	0.423s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.075s	8.517s	0.442s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	51.742s (~)	52.140s (~)	0.398s	1	6.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	54.465s (~)	55.111s (~)	0.646s	1	7.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.344s (-2.8%)	4.576s (-2.8%)	1.233s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.719s (+4.5%)	5.147s (~)	1.428s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.739s (~)	5.245s (+1.2%)	1.507s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s	1.001s	0.010s	1.015s	0.871s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.170s (-0.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-2.9%)	1.015s (~)	0.846s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+1.2%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.843s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (-51.3% 🟢)	1.938s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.844s	10	8.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.768s (-31.7% 🟢)	0.001s (~)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.741s	10	8.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.446s (-4.5%)	2.871s (-3.9%)	0.172s (-30.1% 🟢)	3.732s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.625s (+2.2%)	3.197s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.181s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.998s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.374s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (~)	3.167s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.153s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.453s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	62	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	157	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1898	157	260	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (157 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (40 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	40	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	39	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-astro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-express-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-hono-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-vite-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-docs	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-nest	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-swc-playground	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am

[TooTallNate]

• Support step function serialization in "client" mode #924
• Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object #923 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[TooTallNate]

Fixed a bug where step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object weren't being properly transformed.

What changed?

• Enhanced the SWC plugin to recursively process nested objects to find step functions
• Added support for step functions defined inside deeply nested object properties, including function call arguments
• Implemented proper path handling for nested step IDs, using compound paths (e.g., vade/tools/VercelRequest/execute)
• Fixed variable name generation by replacing slashes with $ to create valid JavaScript identifiers
• Updated documentation with examples of nested object property step functions
• Added test cases for deeply nested step functions and agent tool steps

How to test?

Test with code that has step functions nested multiple levels deep in objects:

exportconstconfig=createConfig({level1: {level2: {level3: {myStep: async(input)=>{"use step";returninput*2;},},},},});

Or with agent tools:

exportconstvade=agent({tools: {VercelRequest: {execute: async(input,ctx)=>{"use step";return1+1;},},},});

Why make this change?

This fix ensures that step functions can be properly identified and transformed regardless of how deeply they are nested in object structures. This is particularly important for complex configurations like agent tools where step functions might be several levels deep in the object hierarchy.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8cee6a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/swc-plugin	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.975s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.008s	0.961s	10	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.104s (-77.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.907s	10	3.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.190s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.822s	10	5.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.720s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.100s (-1.8%)	1.380s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.872s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.245s (+2.7%)	1.373s	10	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.924s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.246s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.322s	10	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.006s	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.899s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.195s (-4.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.818s	10	1.99x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.477s (+4.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.536s	10	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.688s (-1.7%)	3.788s (+1.7%)	1.100s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.695s (-1.8%)	3.701s (+3.1%)	1.006s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.712s (-0.8%)	3.651s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.744s	11.021s	0.276s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.818s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.202s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.830s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.329s (~)	21.059s (~)	0.729s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.413s (~)	21.055s (~)	0.642s	2	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.535s (-2.0%)	20.698s (-0.8%)	1.163s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.051s (+1.1%)	20.989s (-2.8%)	0.938s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.418s (+0.8%)	21.251s (-2.0%)	0.833s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.274s	28.039s	0.766s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.457s (~)	28.043s (~)	0.586s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.478s (~)	28.040s (~)	0.563s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	38.589s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.325s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.351s (~)	51.122s (~)	0.771s	2	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	48.803s (-1.9%)	50.129s (-1.3%)	1.327s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.538s (+0.5%)	51.129s (+1.6%)	1.591s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	49.987s (-2.2%)	50.996s (-2.1%)	1.009s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.733s	57.102s	0.369s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.101s (~)	0.943s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.184s (~)	58.098s (+1.8%)	0.913s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	75.221s (-25.0% 🟢)	75.662s (-25.3% 🟢)	0.441s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	76.508s (-23.8% 🟢)	77.174s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.665s	2	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	104.207s (-1.1%)	105.570s (-1.1%)	1.363s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	105.439s (+0.8%)	106.653s (~)	1.214s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	108.473s (-1.0%)	109.290s (-1.7%)	0.817s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.402s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.005s	0.586s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.016s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.597s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.581s	12	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.174s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.830s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.656s	11	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.060s (+18.2% 🔺)	4.116s (+17.4% 🔺)	1.056s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.177s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.376s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.200s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.420s (+13.9% 🔺)	4.504s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.084s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.512s (-4.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.495s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.577s (+0.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.430s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s	3.007s	0.400s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.381s (+9.1% 🔺)	10.044s (+11.3% 🔺)	0.663s	3	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.787s (+24.2% 🔺)	10.364s (+25.2% 🔺)	0.577s	3	3.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.157s (~)	4.259s (-2.0%)	1.102s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.461s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.544s (+4.2%)	1.084s	7	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s (+21.2% 🔺)	5.322s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.486s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.270s (-4.6%)	8.027s (~)	0.757s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.447s (+3.9%)	8.019s (~)	0.572s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.728s	8.267s	0.540s	4	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.987s (+4.0%)	51.106s (+4.0%)	0.119s	1	7.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.006s (+3.7%)	51.113s (+2.0%)	0.107s	1	7.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.405s (+64.4% 🔺)	6.849s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.444s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.246s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.526s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.280s	4	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.717s (+105.8% 🔺)	9.157s (+73.5% 🔺)	1.440s	4	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.004s	0.586s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.422s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.582s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.102s (+2.9%)	2.513s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.410s	12	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+12.1% 🔺)	2.740s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.623s	11	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.754s (-4.4%)	3.694s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.940s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.882s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.859s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.977s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.001s (+13.7% 🔺)	4.203s (+14.4% 🔺)	1.202s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.625s	3.007s	0.382s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.660s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.347s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.676s (-1.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.026s (+2.3%)	12.705s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.680s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.034s (+15.0% 🔺)	12.697s (+15.1% 🔺)	0.663s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.854s (-11.2% 🟢)	3.994s (-22.6% 🟢)	1.140s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.073s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.361s (+0.8%)	1.288s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.077s (~)	4.475s (-14.4% 🟢)	1.399s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	7.662s (-4.5%)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.358s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.846s (~)	8.269s (+3.0%)	0.423s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.075s	8.517s	0.442s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	51.742s (~)	52.140s (~)	0.398s	1	6.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	54.465s (~)	55.111s (~)	0.646s	1	7.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.344s (-2.8%)	4.576s (-2.8%)	1.233s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.719s (+4.5%)	5.147s (~)	1.428s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.739s (~)	5.245s (+1.2%)	1.507s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s	1.001s	0.010s	1.015s	0.871s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.170s (-0.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-2.9%)	1.015s (~)	0.846s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+1.2%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.843s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (-51.3% 🟢)	1.938s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.844s	10	8.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.768s (-31.7% 🟢)	0.001s (~)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.741s	10	8.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.446s (-4.5%)	2.871s (-3.9%)	0.172s (-30.1% 🟢)	3.732s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.625s (+2.2%)	3.197s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.181s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.998s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.374s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (~)	3.167s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.153s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.453s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	62	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	157	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1898	157	260	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (157 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (40 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	40	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	39	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-astro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-express-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-hono-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-vite-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-docs	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-nest	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-swc-playground	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am

[TooTallNate]

• Support step function serialization in "client" mode #924
• Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object #923 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[TooTallNate]

Fixed a bug where step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object weren't being properly transformed.

What changed?

• Enhanced the SWC plugin to recursively process nested objects to find step functions
• Added support for step functions defined inside deeply nested object properties, including function call arguments
• Implemented proper path handling for nested step IDs, using compound paths (e.g., vade/tools/VercelRequest/execute)
• Fixed variable name generation by replacing slashes with $ to create valid JavaScript identifiers
• Updated documentation with examples of nested object property step functions
• Added test cases for deeply nested step functions and agent tool steps

How to test?

Test with code that has step functions nested multiple levels deep in objects:

exportconstconfig=createConfig({level1: {level2: {level3: {myStep: async(input)=>{"use step";returninput*2;},},},},});

Or with agent tools:

exportconstvade=agent({tools: {VercelRequest: {execute: async(input,ctx)=>{"use step";return1+1;},},},});

Why make this change?

This fix ensures that step functions can be properly identified and transformed regardless of how deeply they are nested in object structures. This is particularly important for complex configurations like agent tools where step functions might be several levels deep in the object hierarchy.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8cee6a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/swc-plugin	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.975s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.008s	0.961s	10	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.104s (-77.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.907s	10	3.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.190s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.822s	10	5.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.720s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.100s (-1.8%)	1.380s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.872s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.245s (+2.7%)	1.373s	10	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.924s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.246s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.322s	10	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.006s	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.899s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.195s (-4.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.818s	10	1.99x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.477s (+4.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.536s	10	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.688s (-1.7%)	3.788s (+1.7%)	1.100s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.695s (-1.8%)	3.701s (+3.1%)	1.006s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.712s (-0.8%)	3.651s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.744s	11.021s	0.276s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.818s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.202s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.830s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.329s (~)	21.059s (~)	0.729s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.413s (~)	21.055s (~)	0.642s	2	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.535s (-2.0%)	20.698s (-0.8%)	1.163s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.051s (+1.1%)	20.989s (-2.8%)	0.938s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.418s (+0.8%)	21.251s (-2.0%)	0.833s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.274s	28.039s	0.766s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.457s (~)	28.043s (~)	0.586s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.478s (~)	28.040s (~)	0.563s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	38.589s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.325s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.351s (~)	51.122s (~)	0.771s	2	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	48.803s (-1.9%)	50.129s (-1.3%)	1.327s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.538s (+0.5%)	51.129s (+1.6%)	1.591s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	49.987s (-2.2%)	50.996s (-2.1%)	1.009s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.733s	57.102s	0.369s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.101s (~)	0.943s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.184s (~)	58.098s (+1.8%)	0.913s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	75.221s (-25.0% 🟢)	75.662s (-25.3% 🟢)	0.441s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	76.508s (-23.8% 🟢)	77.174s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.665s	2	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	104.207s (-1.1%)	105.570s (-1.1%)	1.363s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	105.439s (+0.8%)	106.653s (~)	1.214s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	108.473s (-1.0%)	109.290s (-1.7%)	0.817s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.402s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.005s	0.586s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.016s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.597s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.581s	12	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.174s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.830s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.656s	11	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.060s (+18.2% 🔺)	4.116s (+17.4% 🔺)	1.056s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.177s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.376s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.200s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.420s (+13.9% 🔺)	4.504s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.084s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.512s (-4.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.495s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.577s (+0.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.430s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s	3.007s	0.400s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.381s (+9.1% 🔺)	10.044s (+11.3% 🔺)	0.663s	3	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.787s (+24.2% 🔺)	10.364s (+25.2% 🔺)	0.577s	3	3.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.157s (~)	4.259s (-2.0%)	1.102s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.461s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.544s (+4.2%)	1.084s	7	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s (+21.2% 🔺)	5.322s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.486s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.270s (-4.6%)	8.027s (~)	0.757s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.447s (+3.9%)	8.019s (~)	0.572s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.728s	8.267s	0.540s	4	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.987s (+4.0%)	51.106s (+4.0%)	0.119s	1	7.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.006s (+3.7%)	51.113s (+2.0%)	0.107s	1	7.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.405s (+64.4% 🔺)	6.849s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.444s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.246s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.526s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.280s	4	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.717s (+105.8% 🔺)	9.157s (+73.5% 🔺)	1.440s	4	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.004s	0.586s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.422s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.582s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.102s (+2.9%)	2.513s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.410s	12	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+12.1% 🔺)	2.740s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.623s	11	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.754s (-4.4%)	3.694s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.940s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.882s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.859s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.977s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.001s (+13.7% 🔺)	4.203s (+14.4% 🔺)	1.202s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.625s	3.007s	0.382s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.660s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.347s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.676s (-1.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.026s (+2.3%)	12.705s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.680s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.034s (+15.0% 🔺)	12.697s (+15.1% 🔺)	0.663s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.854s (-11.2% 🟢)	3.994s (-22.6% 🟢)	1.140s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.073s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.361s (+0.8%)	1.288s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.077s (~)	4.475s (-14.4% 🟢)	1.399s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	7.662s (-4.5%)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.358s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.846s (~)	8.269s (+3.0%)	0.423s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.075s	8.517s	0.442s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	51.742s (~)	52.140s (~)	0.398s	1	6.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	54.465s (~)	55.111s (~)	0.646s	1	7.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.344s (-2.8%)	4.576s (-2.8%)	1.233s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.719s (+4.5%)	5.147s (~)	1.428s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.739s (~)	5.245s (+1.2%)	1.507s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s	1.001s	0.010s	1.015s	0.871s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.170s (-0.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-2.9%)	1.015s (~)	0.846s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+1.2%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.843s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (-51.3% 🟢)	1.938s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.844s	10	8.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.768s (-31.7% 🟢)	0.001s (~)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.741s	10	8.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.446s (-4.5%)	2.871s (-3.9%)	0.172s (-30.1% 🟢)	3.732s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.625s (+2.2%)	3.197s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.181s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.998s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.374s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (~)	3.167s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.153s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.453s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	62	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	157	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1898	157	260	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (157 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (40 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	40	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	39	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-astro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-express-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-hono-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-vite-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-docs	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-nest	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-swc-playground	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am

[TooTallNate]

• Support step function serialization in "client" mode #924
• Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object #923 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[TooTallNate]

Fixed a bug where step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object weren't being properly transformed.

What changed?

• Enhanced the SWC plugin to recursively process nested objects to find step functions
• Added support for step functions defined inside deeply nested object properties, including function call arguments
• Implemented proper path handling for nested step IDs, using compound paths (e.g., vade/tools/VercelRequest/execute)
• Fixed variable name generation by replacing slashes with $ to create valid JavaScript identifiers
• Updated documentation with examples of nested object property step functions
• Added test cases for deeply nested step functions and agent tool steps

How to test?

Test with code that has step functions nested multiple levels deep in objects:

exportconstconfig=createConfig({level1: {level2: {level3: {myStep: async(input)=>{"use step";returninput*2;},},},},});

Or with agent tools:

exportconstvade=agent({tools: {VercelRequest: {execute: async(input,ctx)=>{"use step";return1+1;},},},});

Why make this change?

This fix ensures that step functions can be properly identified and transformed regardless of how deeply they are nested in object structures. This is particularly important for complex configurations like agent tools where step functions might be several levels deep in the object hierarchy.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8cee6a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/swc-plugin	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.975s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.008s	0.961s	10	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.104s (-77.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.907s	10	3.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.190s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.822s	10	5.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.720s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.100s (-1.8%)	1.380s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.872s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.245s (+2.7%)	1.373s	10	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.924s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.246s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.322s	10	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.006s	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.899s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.195s (-4.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.818s	10	1.99x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.477s (+4.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.536s	10	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.688s (-1.7%)	3.788s (+1.7%)	1.100s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.695s (-1.8%)	3.701s (+3.1%)	1.006s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.712s (-0.8%)	3.651s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.744s	11.021s	0.276s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.818s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.202s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.830s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.329s (~)	21.059s (~)	0.729s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.413s (~)	21.055s (~)	0.642s	2	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.535s (-2.0%)	20.698s (-0.8%)	1.163s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.051s (+1.1%)	20.989s (-2.8%)	0.938s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.418s (+0.8%)	21.251s (-2.0%)	0.833s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.274s	28.039s	0.766s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.457s (~)	28.043s (~)	0.586s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.478s (~)	28.040s (~)	0.563s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	38.589s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.325s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.351s (~)	51.122s (~)	0.771s	2	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	48.803s (-1.9%)	50.129s (-1.3%)	1.327s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.538s (+0.5%)	51.129s (+1.6%)	1.591s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	49.987s (-2.2%)	50.996s (-2.1%)	1.009s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.733s	57.102s	0.369s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.101s (~)	0.943s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.184s (~)	58.098s (+1.8%)	0.913s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	75.221s (-25.0% 🟢)	75.662s (-25.3% 🟢)	0.441s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	76.508s (-23.8% 🟢)	77.174s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.665s	2	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	104.207s (-1.1%)	105.570s (-1.1%)	1.363s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	105.439s (+0.8%)	106.653s (~)	1.214s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	108.473s (-1.0%)	109.290s (-1.7%)	0.817s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.402s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.005s	0.586s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.016s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.597s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.581s	12	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.174s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.830s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.656s	11	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.060s (+18.2% 🔺)	4.116s (+17.4% 🔺)	1.056s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.177s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.376s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.200s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.420s (+13.9% 🔺)	4.504s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.084s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.512s (-4.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.495s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.577s (+0.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.430s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s	3.007s	0.400s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.381s (+9.1% 🔺)	10.044s (+11.3% 🔺)	0.663s	3	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.787s (+24.2% 🔺)	10.364s (+25.2% 🔺)	0.577s	3	3.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.157s (~)	4.259s (-2.0%)	1.102s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.461s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.544s (+4.2%)	1.084s	7	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s (+21.2% 🔺)	5.322s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.486s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.270s (-4.6%)	8.027s (~)	0.757s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.447s (+3.9%)	8.019s (~)	0.572s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.728s	8.267s	0.540s	4	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.987s (+4.0%)	51.106s (+4.0%)	0.119s	1	7.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.006s (+3.7%)	51.113s (+2.0%)	0.107s	1	7.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.405s (+64.4% 🔺)	6.849s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.444s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.246s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.526s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.280s	4	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.717s (+105.8% 🔺)	9.157s (+73.5% 🔺)	1.440s	4	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.004s	0.586s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.422s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.582s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.102s (+2.9%)	2.513s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.410s	12	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+12.1% 🔺)	2.740s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.623s	11	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.754s (-4.4%)	3.694s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.940s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.882s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.859s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.977s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.001s (+13.7% 🔺)	4.203s (+14.4% 🔺)	1.202s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.625s	3.007s	0.382s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.660s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.347s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.676s (-1.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.026s (+2.3%)	12.705s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.680s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.034s (+15.0% 🔺)	12.697s (+15.1% 🔺)	0.663s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.854s (-11.2% 🟢)	3.994s (-22.6% 🟢)	1.140s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.073s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.361s (+0.8%)	1.288s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.077s (~)	4.475s (-14.4% 🟢)	1.399s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	7.662s (-4.5%)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.358s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.846s (~)	8.269s (+3.0%)	0.423s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.075s	8.517s	0.442s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	51.742s (~)	52.140s (~)	0.398s	1	6.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	54.465s (~)	55.111s (~)	0.646s	1	7.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.344s (-2.8%)	4.576s (-2.8%)	1.233s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.719s (+4.5%)	5.147s (~)	1.428s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.739s (~)	5.245s (+1.2%)	1.507s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s	1.001s	0.010s	1.015s	0.871s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.170s (-0.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-2.9%)	1.015s (~)	0.846s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+1.2%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.843s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (-51.3% 🟢)	1.938s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.844s	10	8.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.768s (-31.7% 🟢)	0.001s (~)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.741s	10	8.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.446s (-4.5%)	2.871s (-3.9%)	0.172s (-30.1% 🟢)	3.732s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.625s (+2.2%)	3.197s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.181s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.998s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.374s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (~)	3.167s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.153s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.453s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	62	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	157	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1898	157	260	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (157 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (40 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	40	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	39	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-astro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-express-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-hono-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-vite-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-docs	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-nest	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-swc-playground	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am

[TooTallNate]

• Support step function serialization in "client" mode #924
• Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object #923 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[TooTallNate]

Fixed a bug where step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object weren't being properly transformed.

What changed?

• Enhanced the SWC plugin to recursively process nested objects to find step functions
• Added support for step functions defined inside deeply nested object properties, including function call arguments
• Implemented proper path handling for nested step IDs, using compound paths (e.g., vade/tools/VercelRequest/execute)
• Fixed variable name generation by replacing slashes with $ to create valid JavaScript identifiers
• Updated documentation with examples of nested object property step functions
• Added test cases for deeply nested step functions and agent tool steps

How to test?

Test with code that has step functions nested multiple levels deep in objects:

exportconstconfig=createConfig({level1: {level2: {level3: {myStep: async(input)=>{"use step";returninput*2;},},},},});

Or with agent tools:

exportconstvade=agent({tools: {VercelRequest: {execute: async(input,ctx)=>{"use step";return1+1;},},},});

Why make this change?

This fix ensures that step functions can be properly identified and transformed regardless of how deeply they are nested in object structures. This is particularly important for complex configurations like agent tools where step functions might be several levels deep in the object hierarchy.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8cee6a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/swc-plugin	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.975s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.008s	0.961s	10	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.104s (-77.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.907s	10	3.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.190s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.822s	10	5.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.720s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.100s (-1.8%)	1.380s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.872s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.245s (+2.7%)	1.373s	10	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.924s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.246s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.322s	10	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.006s	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.899s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.195s (-4.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.818s	10	1.99x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.477s (+4.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.536s	10	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.688s (-1.7%)	3.788s (+1.7%)	1.100s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.695s (-1.8%)	3.701s (+3.1%)	1.006s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.712s (-0.8%)	3.651s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.744s	11.021s	0.276s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.818s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.202s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.830s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.329s (~)	21.059s (~)	0.729s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.413s (~)	21.055s (~)	0.642s	2	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.535s (-2.0%)	20.698s (-0.8%)	1.163s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.051s (+1.1%)	20.989s (-2.8%)	0.938s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.418s (+0.8%)	21.251s (-2.0%)	0.833s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.274s	28.039s	0.766s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.457s (~)	28.043s (~)	0.586s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.478s (~)	28.040s (~)	0.563s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	38.589s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.325s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.351s (~)	51.122s (~)	0.771s	2	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	48.803s (-1.9%)	50.129s (-1.3%)	1.327s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.538s (+0.5%)	51.129s (+1.6%)	1.591s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	49.987s (-2.2%)	50.996s (-2.1%)	1.009s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.733s	57.102s	0.369s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.101s (~)	0.943s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.184s (~)	58.098s (+1.8%)	0.913s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	75.221s (-25.0% 🟢)	75.662s (-25.3% 🟢)	0.441s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	76.508s (-23.8% 🟢)	77.174s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.665s	2	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	104.207s (-1.1%)	105.570s (-1.1%)	1.363s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	105.439s (+0.8%)	106.653s (~)	1.214s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	108.473s (-1.0%)	109.290s (-1.7%)	0.817s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.402s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.005s	0.586s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.016s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.597s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.581s	12	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.174s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.830s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.656s	11	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.060s (+18.2% 🔺)	4.116s (+17.4% 🔺)	1.056s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.177s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.376s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.200s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.420s (+13.9% 🔺)	4.504s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.084s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.512s (-4.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.495s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.577s (+0.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.430s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s	3.007s	0.400s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.381s (+9.1% 🔺)	10.044s (+11.3% 🔺)	0.663s	3	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.787s (+24.2% 🔺)	10.364s (+25.2% 🔺)	0.577s	3	3.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.157s (~)	4.259s (-2.0%)	1.102s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.461s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.544s (+4.2%)	1.084s	7	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s (+21.2% 🔺)	5.322s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.486s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.270s (-4.6%)	8.027s (~)	0.757s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.447s (+3.9%)	8.019s (~)	0.572s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.728s	8.267s	0.540s	4	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.987s (+4.0%)	51.106s (+4.0%)	0.119s	1	7.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.006s (+3.7%)	51.113s (+2.0%)	0.107s	1	7.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.405s (+64.4% 🔺)	6.849s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.444s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.246s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.526s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.280s	4	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.717s (+105.8% 🔺)	9.157s (+73.5% 🔺)	1.440s	4	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.004s	0.586s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.422s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.582s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.102s (+2.9%)	2.513s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.410s	12	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+12.1% 🔺)	2.740s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.623s	11	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.754s (-4.4%)	3.694s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.940s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.882s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.859s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.977s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.001s (+13.7% 🔺)	4.203s (+14.4% 🔺)	1.202s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.625s	3.007s	0.382s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.660s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.347s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.676s (-1.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.026s (+2.3%)	12.705s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.680s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.034s (+15.0% 🔺)	12.697s (+15.1% 🔺)	0.663s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.854s (-11.2% 🟢)	3.994s (-22.6% 🟢)	1.140s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.073s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.361s (+0.8%)	1.288s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.077s (~)	4.475s (-14.4% 🟢)	1.399s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	7.662s (-4.5%)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.358s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.846s (~)	8.269s (+3.0%)	0.423s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.075s	8.517s	0.442s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	51.742s (~)	52.140s (~)	0.398s	1	6.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	54.465s (~)	55.111s (~)	0.646s	1	7.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.344s (-2.8%)	4.576s (-2.8%)	1.233s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.719s (+4.5%)	5.147s (~)	1.428s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.739s (~)	5.245s (+1.2%)	1.507s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s	1.001s	0.010s	1.015s	0.871s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.170s (-0.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-2.9%)	1.015s (~)	0.846s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+1.2%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.843s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (-51.3% 🟢)	1.938s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.844s	10	8.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.768s (-31.7% 🟢)	0.001s (~)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.741s	10	8.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.446s (-4.5%)	2.871s (-3.9%)	0.172s (-30.1% 🟢)	3.732s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.625s (+2.2%)	3.197s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.181s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.998s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.374s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (~)	3.167s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.153s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.453s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	62	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	157	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1898	157	260	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (157 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (40 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	40	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	39	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-astro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-express-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-hono-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-vite-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-docs	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-nest	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-swc-playground	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am

[TooTallNate]

• Support step function serialization in "client" mode #924
• Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object #923 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[TooTallNate]

Fixed a bug where step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object weren't being properly transformed.

What changed?

• Enhanced the SWC plugin to recursively process nested objects to find step functions
• Added support for step functions defined inside deeply nested object properties, including function call arguments
• Implemented proper path handling for nested step IDs, using compound paths (e.g., vade/tools/VercelRequest/execute)
• Fixed variable name generation by replacing slashes with $ to create valid JavaScript identifiers
• Updated documentation with examples of nested object property step functions
• Added test cases for deeply nested step functions and agent tool steps

How to test?

Test with code that has step functions nested multiple levels deep in objects:

exportconstconfig=createConfig({level1: {level2: {level3: {myStep: async(input)=>{"use step";returninput*2;},},},},});

Or with agent tools:

exportconstvade=agent({tools: {VercelRequest: {execute: async(input,ctx)=>{"use step";return1+1;},},},});

Why make this change?

This fix ensures that step functions can be properly identified and transformed regardless of how deeply they are nested in object structures. This is particularly important for complex configurations like agent tools where step functions might be several levels deep in the object hierarchy.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8cee6a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/swc-plugin	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.975s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.008s	0.961s	10	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.104s (-77.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.907s	10	3.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.190s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.822s	10	5.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.720s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.100s (-1.8%)	1.380s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.872s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.245s (+2.7%)	1.373s	10	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.924s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.246s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.322s	10	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.006s	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.899s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.195s (-4.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.818s	10	1.99x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.477s (+4.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.536s	10	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.688s (-1.7%)	3.788s (+1.7%)	1.100s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.695s (-1.8%)	3.701s (+3.1%)	1.006s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.712s (-0.8%)	3.651s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.744s	11.021s	0.276s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.818s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.202s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.830s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.329s (~)	21.059s (~)	0.729s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.413s (~)	21.055s (~)	0.642s	2	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.535s (-2.0%)	20.698s (-0.8%)	1.163s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.051s (+1.1%)	20.989s (-2.8%)	0.938s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.418s (+0.8%)	21.251s (-2.0%)	0.833s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.274s	28.039s	0.766s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.457s (~)	28.043s (~)	0.586s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.478s (~)	28.040s (~)	0.563s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	38.589s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.325s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.351s (~)	51.122s (~)	0.771s	2	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	48.803s (-1.9%)	50.129s (-1.3%)	1.327s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.538s (+0.5%)	51.129s (+1.6%)	1.591s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	49.987s (-2.2%)	50.996s (-2.1%)	1.009s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.733s	57.102s	0.369s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.101s (~)	0.943s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.184s (~)	58.098s (+1.8%)	0.913s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	75.221s (-25.0% 🟢)	75.662s (-25.3% 🟢)	0.441s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	76.508s (-23.8% 🟢)	77.174s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.665s	2	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	104.207s (-1.1%)	105.570s (-1.1%)	1.363s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	105.439s (+0.8%)	106.653s (~)	1.214s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	108.473s (-1.0%)	109.290s (-1.7%)	0.817s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.402s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.005s	0.586s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.016s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.597s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.581s	12	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.174s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.830s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.656s	11	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.060s (+18.2% 🔺)	4.116s (+17.4% 🔺)	1.056s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.177s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.376s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.200s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.420s (+13.9% 🔺)	4.504s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.084s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.512s (-4.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.495s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.577s (+0.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.430s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s	3.007s	0.400s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.381s (+9.1% 🔺)	10.044s (+11.3% 🔺)	0.663s	3	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.787s (+24.2% 🔺)	10.364s (+25.2% 🔺)	0.577s	3	3.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.157s (~)	4.259s (-2.0%)	1.102s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.461s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.544s (+4.2%)	1.084s	7	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s (+21.2% 🔺)	5.322s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.486s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.270s (-4.6%)	8.027s (~)	0.757s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.447s (+3.9%)	8.019s (~)	0.572s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.728s	8.267s	0.540s	4	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.987s (+4.0%)	51.106s (+4.0%)	0.119s	1	7.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.006s (+3.7%)	51.113s (+2.0%)	0.107s	1	7.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.405s (+64.4% 🔺)	6.849s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.444s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.246s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.526s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.280s	4	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.717s (+105.8% 🔺)	9.157s (+73.5% 🔺)	1.440s	4	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.004s	0.586s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.422s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.582s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.102s (+2.9%)	2.513s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.410s	12	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+12.1% 🔺)	2.740s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.623s	11	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.754s (-4.4%)	3.694s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.940s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.882s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.859s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.977s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.001s (+13.7% 🔺)	4.203s (+14.4% 🔺)	1.202s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.625s	3.007s	0.382s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.660s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.347s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.676s (-1.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.026s (+2.3%)	12.705s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.680s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.034s (+15.0% 🔺)	12.697s (+15.1% 🔺)	0.663s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.854s (-11.2% 🟢)	3.994s (-22.6% 🟢)	1.140s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.073s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.361s (+0.8%)	1.288s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.077s (~)	4.475s (-14.4% 🟢)	1.399s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	7.662s (-4.5%)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.358s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.846s (~)	8.269s (+3.0%)	0.423s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.075s	8.517s	0.442s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	51.742s (~)	52.140s (~)	0.398s	1	6.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	54.465s (~)	55.111s (~)	0.646s	1	7.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.344s (-2.8%)	4.576s (-2.8%)	1.233s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.719s (+4.5%)	5.147s (~)	1.428s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.739s (~)	5.245s (+1.2%)	1.507s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s	1.001s	0.010s	1.015s	0.871s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.170s (-0.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-2.9%)	1.015s (~)	0.846s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+1.2%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.843s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (-51.3% 🟢)	1.938s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.844s	10	8.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.768s (-31.7% 🟢)	0.001s (~)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.741s	10	8.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.446s (-4.5%)	2.871s (-3.9%)	0.172s (-30.1% 🟢)	3.732s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.625s (+2.2%)	3.197s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.181s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.998s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.374s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (~)	3.167s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.153s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.453s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	62	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	157	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1898	157	260	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (157 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (40 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	40	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	39	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	0	7

---

📋 View full workflow run

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-astro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-express-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-hono-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-vite-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-docs	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-nest	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-swc-playground	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am

[TooTallNate]

• Support step function serialization in "client" mode #924
• Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object #923 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[TooTallNate]

Fixed a bug where step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object weren't being properly transformed.

What changed?

• Enhanced the SWC plugin to recursively process nested objects to find step functions
• Added support for step functions defined inside deeply nested object properties, including function call arguments
• Implemented proper path handling for nested step IDs, using compound paths (e.g., vade/tools/VercelRequest/execute)
• Fixed variable name generation by replacing slashes with $ to create valid JavaScript identifiers
• Updated documentation with examples of nested object property step functions
• Added test cases for deeply nested step functions and agent tool steps

How to test?

Test with code that has step functions nested multiple levels deep in objects:

exportconstconfig=createConfig({level1: {level2: {level3: {myStep: async(input)=>{"use step";returninput*2;},},},},});

Or with agent tools:

exportconstvade=agent({tools: {VercelRequest: {execute: async(input,ctx)=>{"use step";return1+1;},},},});

Why make this change?

This fix ensures that step functions can be properly identified and transformed regardless of how deeply they are nested in object structures. This is particularly important for complex configurations like agent tools where step functions might be several levels deep in the object hierarchy.

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 8cee6a5

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/swc-plugin	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.032s (-2.7%)	1.006s (~)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.033s (+2.8%)	1.007s (~)	0.975s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.008s	0.961s	10	1.47x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.104s (-77.0% 🟢)	1.011s (~)	0.907s	10	3.23x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.190s (+6.5% 🔺)	1.012s (~)	0.822s	10	5.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.720s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.100s (-1.8%)	1.380s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.872s (+5.5% 🔺)	2.245s (+2.7%)	1.373s	10	1.21x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.924s (-23.1% 🟢)	2.246s (-17.3% 🟢)	1.322s	10	1.28x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.105s	2.006s	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.105s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.901s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.899s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.195s (-4.4%)	3.013s (~)	0.818s	10	1.99x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.477s (+4.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.536s	10	2.24x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.688s (-1.7%)	3.788s (+1.7%)	1.100s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.695s (-1.8%)	3.701s (+3.1%)	1.006s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.712s (-0.8%)	3.651s (-8.6% 🟢)	0.939s	10	1.01x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	10.744s	11.021s	0.276s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.818s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.202s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	10.830s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.192s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.329s (~)	21.059s (~)	0.729s	2	1.89x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.413s (~)	21.055s (~)	0.642s	2	1.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	19.535s (-2.0%)	20.698s (-0.8%)	1.163s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	20.051s (+1.1%)	20.989s (-2.8%)	0.938s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.418s (+0.8%)	21.251s (-2.0%)	0.833s	2	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	27.274s	28.039s	0.766s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.457s (~)	28.043s (~)	0.586s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	27.478s (~)	28.040s (~)	0.563s	3	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	38.264s (-23.8% 🟢)	38.589s (-24.5% 🟢)	0.325s	2	1.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.351s (~)	51.122s (~)	0.771s	2	1.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	48.803s (-1.9%)	50.129s (-1.3%)	1.327s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	49.538s (+0.5%)	51.129s (+1.6%)	1.591s	2	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	49.987s (-2.2%)	50.996s (-2.1%)	1.009s	2	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	56.733s	57.102s	0.369s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	57.158s (~)	58.101s (~)	0.943s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.184s (~)	58.098s (+1.8%)	0.913s	2	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	75.221s (-25.0% 🟢)	75.662s (-25.3% 🟢)	0.441s	2	1.33x
🐘 Postgres	Express	76.508s (-23.8% 🟢)	77.174s (-23.8% 🟢)	0.665s	2	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	104.207s (-1.1%)	105.570s (-1.1%)	1.363s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	105.439s (+0.8%)	106.653s (~)	1.214s	1	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	108.473s (-1.0%)	109.290s (-1.7%)	0.817s	1	1.04x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.402s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.603s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.005s	0.586s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.016s (-16.2% 🟢)	2.597s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.581s	12	1.44x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.174s (-10.9% 🟢)	2.830s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.656s	11	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.060s (+18.2% 🔺)	4.116s (+17.4% 🔺)	1.056s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.177s (+11.1% 🔺)	4.376s (+16.7% 🔺)	1.200s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.420s (+13.9% 🔺)	4.504s (+12.8% 🔺)	1.084s	7	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.512s (-4.9%)	3.007s (~)	0.495s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.577s (+0.8%)	3.007s (~)	0.430s	10	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.607s	3.007s	0.400s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	9.381s (+9.1% 🔺)	10.044s (+11.3% 🔺)	0.663s	3	3.73x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.787s (+24.2% 🔺)	10.364s (+25.2% 🔺)	0.577s	3	3.90x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.157s (~)	4.259s (-2.0%)	1.102s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.461s (+6.1% 🔺)	4.544s (+4.2%)	1.084s	7	1.10x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.836s (+21.2% 🔺)	5.322s (+29.0% 🔺)	1.486s	6	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.270s (-4.6%)	8.027s (~)	0.757s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.447s (+3.9%)	8.019s (~)	0.572s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.728s	8.267s	0.540s	4	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.987s (+4.0%)	51.106s (+4.0%)	0.119s	1	7.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.006s (+3.7%)	51.113s (+2.0%)	0.107s	1	7.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.405s (+64.4% 🔺)	6.849s (+47.2% 🔺)	1.444s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.246s (+91.6% 🔺)	8.526s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.280s	4	1.34x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	7.717s (+105.8% 🔺)	9.157s (+73.5% 🔺)	1.440s	4	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.419s	2.004s	0.586s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.420s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.585s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.422s (~)	2.005s (~)	0.582s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.102s (+2.9%)	2.513s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.410s	12	1.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.117s (+12.1% 🔺)	2.740s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.623s	11	1.49x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.754s (-4.4%)	3.694s (-6.8% 🟢)	0.940s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.882s (+5.7% 🔺)	3.859s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.977s	9	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.001s (+13.7% 🔺)	4.203s (+14.4% 🔺)	1.202s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.625s	3.007s	0.382s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.660s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.347s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	2.676s (-1.0%)	3.007s (~)	0.331s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.026s (+2.3%)	12.705s (+5.6% 🔺)	0.680s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Express	12.034s (+15.0% 🔺)	12.697s (+15.1% 🔺)	0.663s	3	4.58x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.854s (-11.2% 🟢)	3.994s (-22.6% 🟢)	1.140s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.073s (-5.4% 🟢)	4.361s (+0.8%)	1.288s	7	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.077s (~)	4.475s (-14.4% 🟢)	1.399s	7	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	7.662s (-4.5%)	8.020s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.358s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	7.846s (~)	8.269s (+3.0%)	0.423s	4	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.075s	8.517s	0.442s	4	1.05x
🐘 Postgres	Express	51.742s (~)	52.140s (~)	0.398s	1	6.75x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	54.465s (~)	55.111s (~)	0.646s	1	7.11x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.344s (-2.8%)	4.576s (-2.8%)	1.233s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.719s (+4.5%)	5.147s (~)	1.428s	7	1.11x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.739s (~)	5.245s (+1.2%)	1.507s	6	1.12x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.144s	1.001s	0.010s	1.015s	0.871s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.170s (-0.9%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-2.9%)	1.015s (~)	0.846s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Express	0.172s (+1.2%)	1.002s (~)	0.010s (-1.0%)	1.015s (~)	0.843s	10	1.19x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.169s (-51.3% 🟢)	1.938s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.001s (+16.7% 🔺)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.844s	10	8.10x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.272s (-48.1% 🟢)	1.768s (-31.7% 🟢)	0.001s (~)	2.013s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.741s	10	8.81x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.446s (-4.5%)	2.871s (-3.9%)	0.172s (-30.1% 🟢)	3.732s (-5.5% 🟢)	1.285s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.625s (+2.2%)	3.197s (+14.0% 🔺)	0.181s (-19.8% 🟢)	3.998s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.374s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.700s (~)	3.167s (+5.2% 🔺)	0.295s (+7.2% 🔺)	4.153s (+5.1% 🔺)	1.453s	10	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	7/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	11/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	408	0	62	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	408	0	62	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	408	0	62	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	44	0	3	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	157	12	200
✅ 📋 Other	120	0	21	141
Total	1898	157	260	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (157 failed)

mongodb (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (40 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (39 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	40	0	7
✅ express-stable	40	0	7
✅ fastify-stable	40	0	7
✅ hono-stable	40	0	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	44	0	3
✅ nitro-stable	40	0	7
✅ nuxt-stable	40	0	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	40	0	7
✅ vite-stable	40	0	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	44	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	39	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	39	3
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	40	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	39	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	40	0	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	40	0	7

---

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[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
example-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-astro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-express-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-hono-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workbench-vite-workflow	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-docs	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-nest	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am
workflow-swc-playground	Error		Feb 7, 2026 8:51am

[TooTallNate]

• Support step function serialization in "client" mode #924
• Fix step functions nested multiple levels deep in an object #923 👈 (View in Graphite)
• main

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