Bump Next.js and React in workbenches

[pranaygp]

Summary

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in nextjs-turbopack, nextjs-webpack, and swc-playground workbenches
• Bumps React and React-DOM to 19.2.4 in the same workbenches

Test plan

• CI passes
• Workbenches build successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3194f6e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.978s	10	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (+3.2%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.184s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.831s	10	5.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.367s (+151.4% 🔺)	1.015s (-0.7%)	0.648s	10	11.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.372s (+2.3%)	1.019s (~)	0.647s	10	11.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.625s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.616s (+2.6%)	0.992s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.699s (+2.0%)	1.687s (-2.6%)	0.988s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.895s (+35.2% 🔺)	1.896s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.080s (-3.2%)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.093s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.118s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.888s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.167s (+0.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.850s	10	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.325s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.691s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.372s (-4.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.643s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.838s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.713s (-2.5%)	0.875s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.891s (+1.6%)	3.871s (-0.6%)	0.980s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.909s (+0.6%)	3.893s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.984s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.588s (-2.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.427s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.720s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.300s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.846s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.172s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.245s (-0.8%)	21.048s (~)	0.802s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s (-0.9%)	21.049s (~)	0.741s	2	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.419s (+33.5% 🔺)	21.036s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.618s	2	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.143s (-4.1%)	23.041s (-3.1%)	0.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.803s (+1.4%)	23.642s (+2.6%)	0.839s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.020s (+6.7% 🔺)	24.916s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.897s	2	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	26.870s (-2.1%)	27.030s (-3.6%)	0.160s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.140s (~)	28.035s (~)	0.895s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.506s (~)	28.033s (~)	0.526s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.128s (~)	51.088s (~)	0.960s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.319s (+33.6% 🔺)	51.086s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.767s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	50.493s (~)	51.067s (~)	0.573s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	55.278s (-3.2%)	56.374s (-2.3%)	1.096s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	58.119s (+1.4%)	58.954s (+2.0%)	0.835s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	60.640s (+7.4% 🔺)	61.004s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.364s	1	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	55.859s (-2.1%)	56.030s (-2.6%)	0.171s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.580s (~)	57.043s (~)	0.463s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.251s (~)	58.054s (~)	0.803s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.378s (-20.5% 🟢)	77.626s (-20.9% 🟢)	0.248s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.123s (+32.7% 🔺)	101.111s (+32.8% 🔺)	0.988s	1	1.79x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.500s (~)	101.150s (~)	0.650s	1	1.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	125.136s (+3.7%)	125.970s (+3.4%)	0.834s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	129.015s (+4.8%)	129.736s (+4.3%)	0.721s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	133.578s (+6.9% 🔺)	134.633s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.055s	1	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.631s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (-0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.618s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.413s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.289s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.727s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.311s (-2.1%)	3.013s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.702s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.442s (+4.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.575s	10	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.000s (-16.9% 🟢)	3.795s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.795s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.027s (+2.1%)	3.894s (-0.7%)	0.867s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+2.8%)	3.975s (~)	0.780s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.333s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (+0.8%)	3.054s (+1.0%)	0.597s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.547s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.470s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.831s (~)	9.299s (~)	0.469s	4	3.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.053s (-21.7% 🟢)	9.588s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.535s	4	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.343s (-15.2% 🟢)	11.072s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.728s	3	4.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.193s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.881s (-30.4% 🟢)	0.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.442s (+4.4%)	4.203s (+4.7%)	0.761s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.594s (-13.7% 🟢)	4.151s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.557s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	6.654s (-5.6% 🟢)	7.654s (+0.5%)	0.999s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.144s (-5.9% 🟢)	7.580s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.436s	5	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.239s (+9.7% 🔺)	7.978s (+2.0%)	0.739s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	49.066s (+1.8%)	49.314s (~)	0.248s	1	7.37x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.248s (-0.6%)	53.147s (~)	0.899s	1	7.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.772s (-4.0%)	54.225s (-3.4%)	0.453s	1	8.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.554s (-38.4% 🟢)	4.314s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.760s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s (-26.7% 🟢)	4.771s (-26.1% 🟢)	0.636s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.383s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.243s (-20.6% 🟢)	0.860s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.403s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-2.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.586s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.457s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.549s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.040s (-2.3%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.478s	12	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.188s (+0.8%)	2.741s (-3.1%)	0.553s	11	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+4.4%)	2.843s (+3.3%)	0.480s	11	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.892s (-9.1% 🟢)	3.810s (-3.0%)	0.918s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.908s (-1.4%)	3.796s (-2.9%)	0.888s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.985s (~)	3.977s (+4.6%)	0.992s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.546s (-3.6%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.482s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.592s (-4.7%)	3.035s (~)	0.443s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.699s (-4.1%)	3.020s (~)	0.320s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.713s (-14.4% 🟢)	11.034s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.322s	3	4.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.727s (-3.3%)	12.083s (-4.8%)	0.356s	3	4.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.250s (-3.2%)	13.702s (-2.3%)	0.452s	3	5.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.002s (-4.5%)	3.750s (-4.0%)	0.747s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.222s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.974s (+2.9%)	0.753s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.274s (~)	4.040s (+2.8%)	0.766s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.205s (-3.8%)	8.104s (-4.5%)	0.899s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.787s (+10.0% 🔺)	8.681s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.895s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.290s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.295s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.005s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.405s (-5.8% 🟢)	51.141s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.736s	1	7.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.740s (-4.5%)	52.161s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.421s	1	7.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.567s (~)	56.220s (~)	0.653s	1	7.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.301s (-64.1% 🟢)	4.123s (-58.8% 🟢)	0.822s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.604s (-31.9% 🟢)	4.361s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.757s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.353s (-43.9% 🟢)	5.083s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.730s	7	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.121s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.6%)	0.013s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.019s (~)	0.898s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.142s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.018s (+4.6%)	1.028s (~)	0.887s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.834s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.875s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.805s	10	10.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.193s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.850s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.823s	10	18.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.369s (+114.6% 🔺)	2.679s (+38.6% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.648s	10	19.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.043s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.238s (+2.4%)	0.162s (-45.0% 🟢)	3.928s (-2.1%)	0.885s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.258s (+2.7%)	3.606s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.223s (-64.0% 🟢)	4.394s (-0.7%)	1.135s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.887s (+59.4% 🔺)	4.245s (+27.6% 🔺)	0.209s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.928s (+42.8% 🔺)	1.041s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	5/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​next@​16.1.6
	npm/​react@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4
	npm/​react-dom@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This pull request updates Next.js and React dependencies to their latest versions across three workbench projects.

Changes:

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in all three affected workbenches
• Updates React and React-DOM from various 19.x versions to 19.2.4 consistently
• Updates pnpm-lock.yaml with proper dependency resolution

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
workbench/swc-playground/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-webpack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
pnpm-lock.yaml	Comprehensive lockfile update with all transitive dependencies properly resolved for the new versions

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[VaguelySerious]

Ping me for re-review once e2e tests for nextjs pass

[pranaygp]

I think merging this would break 16.0 type compatibility with workflow. so new workflow versions will require you to use workflow >16.1

without this change, it looked like CI was failing: https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/21695038244/job/62563367028?pr=944

[ijjk]

This is alright, peerDependency is the one that controls what versions users can have installed.

[pranaygp]

Summary

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in nextjs-turbopack, nextjs-webpack, and swc-playground workbenches
• Bumps React and React-DOM to 19.2.4 in the same workbenches

Test plan

• CI passes
• Workbenches build successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3194f6e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.978s	10	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (+3.2%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.184s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.831s	10	5.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.367s (+151.4% 🔺)	1.015s (-0.7%)	0.648s	10	11.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.372s (+2.3%)	1.019s (~)	0.647s	10	11.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.625s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.616s (+2.6%)	0.992s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.699s (+2.0%)	1.687s (-2.6%)	0.988s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.895s (+35.2% 🔺)	1.896s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.080s (-3.2%)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.093s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.118s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.888s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.167s (+0.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.850s	10	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.325s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.691s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.372s (-4.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.643s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.838s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.713s (-2.5%)	0.875s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.891s (+1.6%)	3.871s (-0.6%)	0.980s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.909s (+0.6%)	3.893s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.984s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.588s (-2.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.427s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.720s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.300s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.846s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.172s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.245s (-0.8%)	21.048s (~)	0.802s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s (-0.9%)	21.049s (~)	0.741s	2	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.419s (+33.5% 🔺)	21.036s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.618s	2	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.143s (-4.1%)	23.041s (-3.1%)	0.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.803s (+1.4%)	23.642s (+2.6%)	0.839s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.020s (+6.7% 🔺)	24.916s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.897s	2	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	26.870s (-2.1%)	27.030s (-3.6%)	0.160s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.140s (~)	28.035s (~)	0.895s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.506s (~)	28.033s (~)	0.526s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.128s (~)	51.088s (~)	0.960s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.319s (+33.6% 🔺)	51.086s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.767s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	50.493s (~)	51.067s (~)	0.573s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	55.278s (-3.2%)	56.374s (-2.3%)	1.096s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	58.119s (+1.4%)	58.954s (+2.0%)	0.835s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	60.640s (+7.4% 🔺)	61.004s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.364s	1	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	55.859s (-2.1%)	56.030s (-2.6%)	0.171s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.580s (~)	57.043s (~)	0.463s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.251s (~)	58.054s (~)	0.803s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.378s (-20.5% 🟢)	77.626s (-20.9% 🟢)	0.248s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.123s (+32.7% 🔺)	101.111s (+32.8% 🔺)	0.988s	1	1.79x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.500s (~)	101.150s (~)	0.650s	1	1.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	125.136s (+3.7%)	125.970s (+3.4%)	0.834s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	129.015s (+4.8%)	129.736s (+4.3%)	0.721s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	133.578s (+6.9% 🔺)	134.633s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.055s	1	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.631s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (-0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.618s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.413s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.289s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.727s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.311s (-2.1%)	3.013s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.702s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.442s (+4.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.575s	10	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.000s (-16.9% 🟢)	3.795s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.795s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.027s (+2.1%)	3.894s (-0.7%)	0.867s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+2.8%)	3.975s (~)	0.780s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.333s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (+0.8%)	3.054s (+1.0%)	0.597s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.547s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.470s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.831s (~)	9.299s (~)	0.469s	4	3.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.053s (-21.7% 🟢)	9.588s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.535s	4	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.343s (-15.2% 🟢)	11.072s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.728s	3	4.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.193s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.881s (-30.4% 🟢)	0.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.442s (+4.4%)	4.203s (+4.7%)	0.761s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.594s (-13.7% 🟢)	4.151s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.557s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	6.654s (-5.6% 🟢)	7.654s (+0.5%)	0.999s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.144s (-5.9% 🟢)	7.580s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.436s	5	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.239s (+9.7% 🔺)	7.978s (+2.0%)	0.739s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	49.066s (+1.8%)	49.314s (~)	0.248s	1	7.37x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.248s (-0.6%)	53.147s (~)	0.899s	1	7.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.772s (-4.0%)	54.225s (-3.4%)	0.453s	1	8.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.554s (-38.4% 🟢)	4.314s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.760s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s (-26.7% 🟢)	4.771s (-26.1% 🟢)	0.636s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.383s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.243s (-20.6% 🟢)	0.860s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.403s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-2.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.586s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.457s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.549s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.040s (-2.3%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.478s	12	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.188s (+0.8%)	2.741s (-3.1%)	0.553s	11	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+4.4%)	2.843s (+3.3%)	0.480s	11	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.892s (-9.1% 🟢)	3.810s (-3.0%)	0.918s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.908s (-1.4%)	3.796s (-2.9%)	0.888s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.985s (~)	3.977s (+4.6%)	0.992s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.546s (-3.6%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.482s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.592s (-4.7%)	3.035s (~)	0.443s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.699s (-4.1%)	3.020s (~)	0.320s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.713s (-14.4% 🟢)	11.034s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.322s	3	4.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.727s (-3.3%)	12.083s (-4.8%)	0.356s	3	4.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.250s (-3.2%)	13.702s (-2.3%)	0.452s	3	5.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.002s (-4.5%)	3.750s (-4.0%)	0.747s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.222s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.974s (+2.9%)	0.753s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.274s (~)	4.040s (+2.8%)	0.766s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.205s (-3.8%)	8.104s (-4.5%)	0.899s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.787s (+10.0% 🔺)	8.681s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.895s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.290s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.295s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.005s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.405s (-5.8% 🟢)	51.141s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.736s	1	7.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.740s (-4.5%)	52.161s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.421s	1	7.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.567s (~)	56.220s (~)	0.653s	1	7.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.301s (-64.1% 🟢)	4.123s (-58.8% 🟢)	0.822s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.604s (-31.9% 🟢)	4.361s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.757s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.353s (-43.9% 🟢)	5.083s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.730s	7	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.121s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.6%)	0.013s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.019s (~)	0.898s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.142s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.018s (+4.6%)	1.028s (~)	0.887s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.834s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.875s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.805s	10	10.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.193s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.850s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.823s	10	18.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.369s (+114.6% 🔺)	2.679s (+38.6% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.648s	10	19.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.043s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.238s (+2.4%)	0.162s (-45.0% 🟢)	3.928s (-2.1%)	0.885s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.258s (+2.7%)	3.606s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.223s (-64.0% 🟢)	4.394s (-0.7%)	1.135s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.887s (+59.4% 🔺)	4.245s (+27.6% 🔺)	0.209s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.928s (+42.8% 🔺)	1.041s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	5/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​next@​16.1.6
	npm/​react@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4
	npm/​react-dom@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This pull request updates Next.js and React dependencies to their latest versions across three workbench projects.

Changes:

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in all three affected workbenches
• Updates React and React-DOM from various 19.x versions to 19.2.4 consistently
• Updates pnpm-lock.yaml with proper dependency resolution

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
workbench/swc-playground/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-webpack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
pnpm-lock.yaml	Comprehensive lockfile update with all transitive dependencies properly resolved for the new versions

---

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[VaguelySerious]

Ping me for re-review once e2e tests for nextjs pass

[pranaygp]

I think merging this would break 16.0 type compatibility with workflow. so new workflow versions will require you to use workflow >16.1

without this change, it looked like CI was failing: https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/21695038244/job/62563367028?pr=944

[ijjk]

This is alright, peerDependency is the one that controls what versions users can have installed.

[pranaygp]

Summary

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in nextjs-turbopack, nextjs-webpack, and swc-playground workbenches
• Bumps React and React-DOM to 19.2.4 in the same workbenches

Test plan

• CI passes
• Workbenches build successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3194f6e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.978s	10	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (+3.2%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.184s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.831s	10	5.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.367s (+151.4% 🔺)	1.015s (-0.7%)	0.648s	10	11.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.372s (+2.3%)	1.019s (~)	0.647s	10	11.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.625s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.616s (+2.6%)	0.992s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.699s (+2.0%)	1.687s (-2.6%)	0.988s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.895s (+35.2% 🔺)	1.896s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.080s (-3.2%)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.093s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.118s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.888s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.167s (+0.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.850s	10	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.325s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.691s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.372s (-4.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.643s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.838s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.713s (-2.5%)	0.875s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.891s (+1.6%)	3.871s (-0.6%)	0.980s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.909s (+0.6%)	3.893s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.984s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.588s (-2.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.427s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.720s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.300s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.846s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.172s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.245s (-0.8%)	21.048s (~)	0.802s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s (-0.9%)	21.049s (~)	0.741s	2	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.419s (+33.5% 🔺)	21.036s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.618s	2	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.143s (-4.1%)	23.041s (-3.1%)	0.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.803s (+1.4%)	23.642s (+2.6%)	0.839s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.020s (+6.7% 🔺)	24.916s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.897s	2	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	26.870s (-2.1%)	27.030s (-3.6%)	0.160s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.140s (~)	28.035s (~)	0.895s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.506s (~)	28.033s (~)	0.526s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.128s (~)	51.088s (~)	0.960s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.319s (+33.6% 🔺)	51.086s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.767s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	50.493s (~)	51.067s (~)	0.573s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	55.278s (-3.2%)	56.374s (-2.3%)	1.096s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	58.119s (+1.4%)	58.954s (+2.0%)	0.835s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	60.640s (+7.4% 🔺)	61.004s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.364s	1	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	55.859s (-2.1%)	56.030s (-2.6%)	0.171s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.580s (~)	57.043s (~)	0.463s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.251s (~)	58.054s (~)	0.803s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.378s (-20.5% 🟢)	77.626s (-20.9% 🟢)	0.248s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.123s (+32.7% 🔺)	101.111s (+32.8% 🔺)	0.988s	1	1.79x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.500s (~)	101.150s (~)	0.650s	1	1.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	125.136s (+3.7%)	125.970s (+3.4%)	0.834s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	129.015s (+4.8%)	129.736s (+4.3%)	0.721s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	133.578s (+6.9% 🔺)	134.633s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.055s	1	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.631s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (-0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.618s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.413s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.289s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.727s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.311s (-2.1%)	3.013s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.702s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.442s (+4.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.575s	10	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.000s (-16.9% 🟢)	3.795s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.795s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.027s (+2.1%)	3.894s (-0.7%)	0.867s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+2.8%)	3.975s (~)	0.780s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.333s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (+0.8%)	3.054s (+1.0%)	0.597s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.547s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.470s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.831s (~)	9.299s (~)	0.469s	4	3.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.053s (-21.7% 🟢)	9.588s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.535s	4	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.343s (-15.2% 🟢)	11.072s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.728s	3	4.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.193s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.881s (-30.4% 🟢)	0.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.442s (+4.4%)	4.203s (+4.7%)	0.761s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.594s (-13.7% 🟢)	4.151s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.557s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	6.654s (-5.6% 🟢)	7.654s (+0.5%)	0.999s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.144s (-5.9% 🟢)	7.580s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.436s	5	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.239s (+9.7% 🔺)	7.978s (+2.0%)	0.739s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	49.066s (+1.8%)	49.314s (~)	0.248s	1	7.37x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.248s (-0.6%)	53.147s (~)	0.899s	1	7.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.772s (-4.0%)	54.225s (-3.4%)	0.453s	1	8.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.554s (-38.4% 🟢)	4.314s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.760s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s (-26.7% 🟢)	4.771s (-26.1% 🟢)	0.636s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.383s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.243s (-20.6% 🟢)	0.860s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.403s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-2.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.586s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.457s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.549s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.040s (-2.3%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.478s	12	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.188s (+0.8%)	2.741s (-3.1%)	0.553s	11	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+4.4%)	2.843s (+3.3%)	0.480s	11	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.892s (-9.1% 🟢)	3.810s (-3.0%)	0.918s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.908s (-1.4%)	3.796s (-2.9%)	0.888s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.985s (~)	3.977s (+4.6%)	0.992s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.546s (-3.6%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.482s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.592s (-4.7%)	3.035s (~)	0.443s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.699s (-4.1%)	3.020s (~)	0.320s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.713s (-14.4% 🟢)	11.034s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.322s	3	4.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.727s (-3.3%)	12.083s (-4.8%)	0.356s	3	4.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.250s (-3.2%)	13.702s (-2.3%)	0.452s	3	5.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.002s (-4.5%)	3.750s (-4.0%)	0.747s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.222s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.974s (+2.9%)	0.753s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.274s (~)	4.040s (+2.8%)	0.766s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.205s (-3.8%)	8.104s (-4.5%)	0.899s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.787s (+10.0% 🔺)	8.681s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.895s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.290s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.295s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.005s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.405s (-5.8% 🟢)	51.141s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.736s	1	7.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.740s (-4.5%)	52.161s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.421s	1	7.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.567s (~)	56.220s (~)	0.653s	1	7.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.301s (-64.1% 🟢)	4.123s (-58.8% 🟢)	0.822s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.604s (-31.9% 🟢)	4.361s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.757s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.353s (-43.9% 🟢)	5.083s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.730s	7	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.121s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.6%)	0.013s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.019s (~)	0.898s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.142s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.018s (+4.6%)	1.028s (~)	0.887s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.834s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.875s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.805s	10	10.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.193s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.850s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.823s	10	18.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.369s (+114.6% 🔺)	2.679s (+38.6% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.648s	10	19.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.043s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.238s (+2.4%)	0.162s (-45.0% 🟢)	3.928s (-2.1%)	0.885s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.258s (+2.7%)	3.606s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.223s (-64.0% 🟢)	4.394s (-0.7%)	1.135s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.887s (+59.4% 🔺)	4.245s (+27.6% 🔺)	0.209s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.928s (+42.8% 🔺)	1.041s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	5/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​next@​16.1.6
	npm/​react@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4
	npm/​react-dom@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This pull request updates Next.js and React dependencies to their latest versions across three workbench projects.

Changes:

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in all three affected workbenches
• Updates React and React-DOM from various 19.x versions to 19.2.4 consistently
• Updates pnpm-lock.yaml with proper dependency resolution

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
workbench/swc-playground/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-webpack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
pnpm-lock.yaml	Comprehensive lockfile update with all transitive dependencies properly resolved for the new versions

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[VaguelySerious]

Ping me for re-review once e2e tests for nextjs pass

[pranaygp]

I think merging this would break 16.0 type compatibility with workflow. so new workflow versions will require you to use workflow >16.1

without this change, it looked like CI was failing: https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/21695038244/job/62563367028?pr=944

[ijjk]

This is alright, peerDependency is the one that controls what versions users can have installed.

[pranaygp]

Summary

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in nextjs-turbopack, nextjs-webpack, and swc-playground workbenches
• Bumps React and React-DOM to 19.2.4 in the same workbenches

Test plan

• CI passes
• Workbenches build successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3194f6e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.978s	10	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (+3.2%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.184s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.831s	10	5.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.367s (+151.4% 🔺)	1.015s (-0.7%)	0.648s	10	11.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.372s (+2.3%)	1.019s (~)	0.647s	10	11.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.625s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.616s (+2.6%)	0.992s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.699s (+2.0%)	1.687s (-2.6%)	0.988s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.895s (+35.2% 🔺)	1.896s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.080s (-3.2%)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.093s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.118s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.888s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.167s (+0.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.850s	10	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.325s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.691s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.372s (-4.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.643s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.838s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.713s (-2.5%)	0.875s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.891s (+1.6%)	3.871s (-0.6%)	0.980s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.909s (+0.6%)	3.893s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.984s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.588s (-2.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.427s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.720s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.300s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.846s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.172s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.245s (-0.8%)	21.048s (~)	0.802s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s (-0.9%)	21.049s (~)	0.741s	2	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.419s (+33.5% 🔺)	21.036s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.618s	2	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.143s (-4.1%)	23.041s (-3.1%)	0.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.803s (+1.4%)	23.642s (+2.6%)	0.839s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.020s (+6.7% 🔺)	24.916s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.897s	2	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	26.870s (-2.1%)	27.030s (-3.6%)	0.160s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.140s (~)	28.035s (~)	0.895s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.506s (~)	28.033s (~)	0.526s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.128s (~)	51.088s (~)	0.960s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.319s (+33.6% 🔺)	51.086s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.767s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	50.493s (~)	51.067s (~)	0.573s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	55.278s (-3.2%)	56.374s (-2.3%)	1.096s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	58.119s (+1.4%)	58.954s (+2.0%)	0.835s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	60.640s (+7.4% 🔺)	61.004s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.364s	1	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	55.859s (-2.1%)	56.030s (-2.6%)	0.171s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.580s (~)	57.043s (~)	0.463s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.251s (~)	58.054s (~)	0.803s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.378s (-20.5% 🟢)	77.626s (-20.9% 🟢)	0.248s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.123s (+32.7% 🔺)	101.111s (+32.8% 🔺)	0.988s	1	1.79x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.500s (~)	101.150s (~)	0.650s	1	1.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	125.136s (+3.7%)	125.970s (+3.4%)	0.834s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	129.015s (+4.8%)	129.736s (+4.3%)	0.721s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	133.578s (+6.9% 🔺)	134.633s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.055s	1	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.631s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (-0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.618s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.413s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.289s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.727s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.311s (-2.1%)	3.013s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.702s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.442s (+4.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.575s	10	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.000s (-16.9% 🟢)	3.795s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.795s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.027s (+2.1%)	3.894s (-0.7%)	0.867s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+2.8%)	3.975s (~)	0.780s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.333s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (+0.8%)	3.054s (+1.0%)	0.597s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.547s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.470s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.831s (~)	9.299s (~)	0.469s	4	3.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.053s (-21.7% 🟢)	9.588s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.535s	4	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.343s (-15.2% 🟢)	11.072s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.728s	3	4.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.193s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.881s (-30.4% 🟢)	0.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.442s (+4.4%)	4.203s (+4.7%)	0.761s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.594s (-13.7% 🟢)	4.151s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.557s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	6.654s (-5.6% 🟢)	7.654s (+0.5%)	0.999s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.144s (-5.9% 🟢)	7.580s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.436s	5	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.239s (+9.7% 🔺)	7.978s (+2.0%)	0.739s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	49.066s (+1.8%)	49.314s (~)	0.248s	1	7.37x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.248s (-0.6%)	53.147s (~)	0.899s	1	7.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.772s (-4.0%)	54.225s (-3.4%)	0.453s	1	8.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.554s (-38.4% 🟢)	4.314s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.760s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s (-26.7% 🟢)	4.771s (-26.1% 🟢)	0.636s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.383s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.243s (-20.6% 🟢)	0.860s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.403s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-2.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.586s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.457s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.549s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.040s (-2.3%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.478s	12	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.188s (+0.8%)	2.741s (-3.1%)	0.553s	11	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+4.4%)	2.843s (+3.3%)	0.480s	11	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.892s (-9.1% 🟢)	3.810s (-3.0%)	0.918s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.908s (-1.4%)	3.796s (-2.9%)	0.888s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.985s (~)	3.977s (+4.6%)	0.992s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.546s (-3.6%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.482s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.592s (-4.7%)	3.035s (~)	0.443s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.699s (-4.1%)	3.020s (~)	0.320s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.713s (-14.4% 🟢)	11.034s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.322s	3	4.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.727s (-3.3%)	12.083s (-4.8%)	0.356s	3	4.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.250s (-3.2%)	13.702s (-2.3%)	0.452s	3	5.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.002s (-4.5%)	3.750s (-4.0%)	0.747s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.222s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.974s (+2.9%)	0.753s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.274s (~)	4.040s (+2.8%)	0.766s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.205s (-3.8%)	8.104s (-4.5%)	0.899s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.787s (+10.0% 🔺)	8.681s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.895s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.290s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.295s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.005s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.405s (-5.8% 🟢)	51.141s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.736s	1	7.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.740s (-4.5%)	52.161s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.421s	1	7.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.567s (~)	56.220s (~)	0.653s	1	7.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.301s (-64.1% 🟢)	4.123s (-58.8% 🟢)	0.822s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.604s (-31.9% 🟢)	4.361s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.757s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.353s (-43.9% 🟢)	5.083s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.730s	7	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.121s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.6%)	0.013s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.019s (~)	0.898s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.142s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.018s (+4.6%)	1.028s (~)	0.887s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.834s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.875s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.805s	10	10.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.193s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.850s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.823s	10	18.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.369s (+114.6% 🔺)	2.679s (+38.6% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.648s	10	19.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.043s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.238s (+2.4%)	0.162s (-45.0% 🟢)	3.928s (-2.1%)	0.885s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.258s (+2.7%)	3.606s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.223s (-64.0% 🟢)	4.394s (-0.7%)	1.135s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.887s (+59.4% 🔺)	4.245s (+27.6% 🔺)	0.209s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.928s (+42.8% 🔺)	1.041s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	5/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​next@​16.1.6
	npm/​react@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4
	npm/​react-dom@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This pull request updates Next.js and React dependencies to their latest versions across three workbench projects.

Changes:

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in all three affected workbenches
• Updates React and React-DOM from various 19.x versions to 19.2.4 consistently
• Updates pnpm-lock.yaml with proper dependency resolution

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
workbench/swc-playground/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-webpack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
pnpm-lock.yaml	Comprehensive lockfile update with all transitive dependencies properly resolved for the new versions

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[VaguelySerious]

Ping me for re-review once e2e tests for nextjs pass

[pranaygp]

I think merging this would break 16.0 type compatibility with workflow. so new workflow versions will require you to use workflow >16.1

without this change, it looked like CI was failing: https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/21695038244/job/62563367028?pr=944

[ijjk]

This is alright, peerDependency is the one that controls what versions users can have installed.

[pranaygp]

Summary

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in nextjs-turbopack, nextjs-webpack, and swc-playground workbenches
• Bumps React and React-DOM to 19.2.4 in the same workbenches

Test plan

• CI passes
• Workbenches build successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3194f6e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.978s	10	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (+3.2%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.184s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.831s	10	5.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.367s (+151.4% 🔺)	1.015s (-0.7%)	0.648s	10	11.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.372s (+2.3%)	1.019s (~)	0.647s	10	11.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.625s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.616s (+2.6%)	0.992s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.699s (+2.0%)	1.687s (-2.6%)	0.988s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.895s (+35.2% 🔺)	1.896s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.080s (-3.2%)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.093s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.118s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.888s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.167s (+0.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.850s	10	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.325s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.691s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.372s (-4.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.643s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.838s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.713s (-2.5%)	0.875s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.891s (+1.6%)	3.871s (-0.6%)	0.980s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.909s (+0.6%)	3.893s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.984s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.588s (-2.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.427s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.720s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.300s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.846s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.172s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.245s (-0.8%)	21.048s (~)	0.802s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s (-0.9%)	21.049s (~)	0.741s	2	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.419s (+33.5% 🔺)	21.036s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.618s	2	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.143s (-4.1%)	23.041s (-3.1%)	0.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.803s (+1.4%)	23.642s (+2.6%)	0.839s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.020s (+6.7% 🔺)	24.916s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.897s	2	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	26.870s (-2.1%)	27.030s (-3.6%)	0.160s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.140s (~)	28.035s (~)	0.895s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.506s (~)	28.033s (~)	0.526s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.128s (~)	51.088s (~)	0.960s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.319s (+33.6% 🔺)	51.086s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.767s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	50.493s (~)	51.067s (~)	0.573s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	55.278s (-3.2%)	56.374s (-2.3%)	1.096s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	58.119s (+1.4%)	58.954s (+2.0%)	0.835s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	60.640s (+7.4% 🔺)	61.004s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.364s	1	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	55.859s (-2.1%)	56.030s (-2.6%)	0.171s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.580s (~)	57.043s (~)	0.463s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.251s (~)	58.054s (~)	0.803s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.378s (-20.5% 🟢)	77.626s (-20.9% 🟢)	0.248s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.123s (+32.7% 🔺)	101.111s (+32.8% 🔺)	0.988s	1	1.79x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.500s (~)	101.150s (~)	0.650s	1	1.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	125.136s (+3.7%)	125.970s (+3.4%)	0.834s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	129.015s (+4.8%)	129.736s (+4.3%)	0.721s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	133.578s (+6.9% 🔺)	134.633s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.055s	1	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.631s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (-0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.618s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.413s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.289s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.727s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.311s (-2.1%)	3.013s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.702s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.442s (+4.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.575s	10	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.000s (-16.9% 🟢)	3.795s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.795s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.027s (+2.1%)	3.894s (-0.7%)	0.867s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+2.8%)	3.975s (~)	0.780s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.333s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (+0.8%)	3.054s (+1.0%)	0.597s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.547s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.470s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.831s (~)	9.299s (~)	0.469s	4	3.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.053s (-21.7% 🟢)	9.588s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.535s	4	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.343s (-15.2% 🟢)	11.072s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.728s	3	4.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.193s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.881s (-30.4% 🟢)	0.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.442s (+4.4%)	4.203s (+4.7%)	0.761s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.594s (-13.7% 🟢)	4.151s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.557s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	6.654s (-5.6% 🟢)	7.654s (+0.5%)	0.999s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.144s (-5.9% 🟢)	7.580s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.436s	5	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.239s (+9.7% 🔺)	7.978s (+2.0%)	0.739s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	49.066s (+1.8%)	49.314s (~)	0.248s	1	7.37x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.248s (-0.6%)	53.147s (~)	0.899s	1	7.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.772s (-4.0%)	54.225s (-3.4%)	0.453s	1	8.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.554s (-38.4% 🟢)	4.314s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.760s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s (-26.7% 🟢)	4.771s (-26.1% 🟢)	0.636s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.383s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.243s (-20.6% 🟢)	0.860s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.403s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-2.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.586s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.457s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.549s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.040s (-2.3%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.478s	12	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.188s (+0.8%)	2.741s (-3.1%)	0.553s	11	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+4.4%)	2.843s (+3.3%)	0.480s	11	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.892s (-9.1% 🟢)	3.810s (-3.0%)	0.918s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.908s (-1.4%)	3.796s (-2.9%)	0.888s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.985s (~)	3.977s (+4.6%)	0.992s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.546s (-3.6%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.482s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.592s (-4.7%)	3.035s (~)	0.443s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.699s (-4.1%)	3.020s (~)	0.320s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.713s (-14.4% 🟢)	11.034s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.322s	3	4.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.727s (-3.3%)	12.083s (-4.8%)	0.356s	3	4.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.250s (-3.2%)	13.702s (-2.3%)	0.452s	3	5.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.002s (-4.5%)	3.750s (-4.0%)	0.747s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.222s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.974s (+2.9%)	0.753s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.274s (~)	4.040s (+2.8%)	0.766s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.205s (-3.8%)	8.104s (-4.5%)	0.899s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.787s (+10.0% 🔺)	8.681s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.895s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.290s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.295s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.005s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.405s (-5.8% 🟢)	51.141s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.736s	1	7.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.740s (-4.5%)	52.161s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.421s	1	7.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.567s (~)	56.220s (~)	0.653s	1	7.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.301s (-64.1% 🟢)	4.123s (-58.8% 🟢)	0.822s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.604s (-31.9% 🟢)	4.361s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.757s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.353s (-43.9% 🟢)	5.083s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.730s	7	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.121s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.6%)	0.013s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.019s (~)	0.898s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.142s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.018s (+4.6%)	1.028s (~)	0.887s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.834s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.875s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.805s	10	10.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.193s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.850s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.823s	10	18.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.369s (+114.6% 🔺)	2.679s (+38.6% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.648s	10	19.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.043s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.238s (+2.4%)	0.162s (-45.0% 🟢)	3.928s (-2.1%)	0.885s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.258s (+2.7%)	3.606s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.223s (-64.0% 🟢)	4.394s (-0.7%)	1.135s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.887s (+59.4% 🔺)	4.245s (+27.6% 🔺)	0.209s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.928s (+42.8% 🔺)	1.041s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	5/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​next@​16.1.6
	npm/​react@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4
	npm/​react-dom@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This pull request updates Next.js and React dependencies to their latest versions across three workbench projects.

Changes:

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in all three affected workbenches
• Updates React and React-DOM from various 19.x versions to 19.2.4 consistently
• Updates pnpm-lock.yaml with proper dependency resolution

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
workbench/swc-playground/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-webpack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
pnpm-lock.yaml	Comprehensive lockfile update with all transitive dependencies properly resolved for the new versions

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[VaguelySerious]

Ping me for re-review once e2e tests for nextjs pass

[pranaygp]

I think merging this would break 16.0 type compatibility with workflow. so new workflow versions will require you to use workflow >16.1

without this change, it looked like CI was failing: https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/21695038244/job/62563367028?pr=944

[ijjk]

This is alright, peerDependency is the one that controls what versions users can have installed.

[pranaygp]

Summary

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in nextjs-turbopack, nextjs-webpack, and swc-playground workbenches
• Bumps React and React-DOM to 19.2.4 in the same workbenches

Test plan

• CI passes
• Workbenches build successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3194f6e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.978s	10	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (+3.2%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.184s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.831s	10	5.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.367s (+151.4% 🔺)	1.015s (-0.7%)	0.648s	10	11.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.372s (+2.3%)	1.019s (~)	0.647s	10	11.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.625s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.616s (+2.6%)	0.992s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.699s (+2.0%)	1.687s (-2.6%)	0.988s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.895s (+35.2% 🔺)	1.896s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.080s (-3.2%)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.093s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.118s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.888s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.167s (+0.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.850s	10	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.325s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.691s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.372s (-4.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.643s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.838s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.713s (-2.5%)	0.875s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.891s (+1.6%)	3.871s (-0.6%)	0.980s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.909s (+0.6%)	3.893s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.984s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.588s (-2.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.427s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.720s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.300s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.846s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.172s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.245s (-0.8%)	21.048s (~)	0.802s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s (-0.9%)	21.049s (~)	0.741s	2	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.419s (+33.5% 🔺)	21.036s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.618s	2	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.143s (-4.1%)	23.041s (-3.1%)	0.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.803s (+1.4%)	23.642s (+2.6%)	0.839s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.020s (+6.7% 🔺)	24.916s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.897s	2	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	26.870s (-2.1%)	27.030s (-3.6%)	0.160s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.140s (~)	28.035s (~)	0.895s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.506s (~)	28.033s (~)	0.526s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.128s (~)	51.088s (~)	0.960s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.319s (+33.6% 🔺)	51.086s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.767s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	50.493s (~)	51.067s (~)	0.573s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	55.278s (-3.2%)	56.374s (-2.3%)	1.096s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	58.119s (+1.4%)	58.954s (+2.0%)	0.835s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	60.640s (+7.4% 🔺)	61.004s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.364s	1	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	55.859s (-2.1%)	56.030s (-2.6%)	0.171s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.580s (~)	57.043s (~)	0.463s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.251s (~)	58.054s (~)	0.803s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.378s (-20.5% 🟢)	77.626s (-20.9% 🟢)	0.248s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.123s (+32.7% 🔺)	101.111s (+32.8% 🔺)	0.988s	1	1.79x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.500s (~)	101.150s (~)	0.650s	1	1.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	125.136s (+3.7%)	125.970s (+3.4%)	0.834s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	129.015s (+4.8%)	129.736s (+4.3%)	0.721s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	133.578s (+6.9% 🔺)	134.633s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.055s	1	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.631s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (-0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.618s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.413s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.289s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.727s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.311s (-2.1%)	3.013s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.702s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.442s (+4.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.575s	10	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.000s (-16.9% 🟢)	3.795s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.795s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.027s (+2.1%)	3.894s (-0.7%)	0.867s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+2.8%)	3.975s (~)	0.780s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.333s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (+0.8%)	3.054s (+1.0%)	0.597s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.547s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.470s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.831s (~)	9.299s (~)	0.469s	4	3.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.053s (-21.7% 🟢)	9.588s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.535s	4	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.343s (-15.2% 🟢)	11.072s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.728s	3	4.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.193s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.881s (-30.4% 🟢)	0.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.442s (+4.4%)	4.203s (+4.7%)	0.761s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.594s (-13.7% 🟢)	4.151s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.557s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	6.654s (-5.6% 🟢)	7.654s (+0.5%)	0.999s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.144s (-5.9% 🟢)	7.580s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.436s	5	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.239s (+9.7% 🔺)	7.978s (+2.0%)	0.739s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	49.066s (+1.8%)	49.314s (~)	0.248s	1	7.37x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.248s (-0.6%)	53.147s (~)	0.899s	1	7.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.772s (-4.0%)	54.225s (-3.4%)	0.453s	1	8.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.554s (-38.4% 🟢)	4.314s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.760s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s (-26.7% 🟢)	4.771s (-26.1% 🟢)	0.636s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.383s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.243s (-20.6% 🟢)	0.860s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.403s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-2.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.586s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.457s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.549s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.040s (-2.3%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.478s	12	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.188s (+0.8%)	2.741s (-3.1%)	0.553s	11	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+4.4%)	2.843s (+3.3%)	0.480s	11	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.892s (-9.1% 🟢)	3.810s (-3.0%)	0.918s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.908s (-1.4%)	3.796s (-2.9%)	0.888s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.985s (~)	3.977s (+4.6%)	0.992s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.546s (-3.6%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.482s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.592s (-4.7%)	3.035s (~)	0.443s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.699s (-4.1%)	3.020s (~)	0.320s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.713s (-14.4% 🟢)	11.034s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.322s	3	4.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.727s (-3.3%)	12.083s (-4.8%)	0.356s	3	4.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.250s (-3.2%)	13.702s (-2.3%)	0.452s	3	5.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.002s (-4.5%)	3.750s (-4.0%)	0.747s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.222s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.974s (+2.9%)	0.753s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.274s (~)	4.040s (+2.8%)	0.766s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.205s (-3.8%)	8.104s (-4.5%)	0.899s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.787s (+10.0% 🔺)	8.681s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.895s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.290s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.295s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.005s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.405s (-5.8% 🟢)	51.141s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.736s	1	7.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.740s (-4.5%)	52.161s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.421s	1	7.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.567s (~)	56.220s (~)	0.653s	1	7.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.301s (-64.1% 🟢)	4.123s (-58.8% 🟢)	0.822s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.604s (-31.9% 🟢)	4.361s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.757s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.353s (-43.9% 🟢)	5.083s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.730s	7	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.121s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.6%)	0.013s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.019s (~)	0.898s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.142s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.018s (+4.6%)	1.028s (~)	0.887s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.834s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.875s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.805s	10	10.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.193s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.850s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.823s	10	18.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.369s (+114.6% 🔺)	2.679s (+38.6% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.648s	10	19.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.043s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.238s (+2.4%)	0.162s (-45.0% 🟢)	3.928s (-2.1%)	0.885s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.258s (+2.7%)	3.606s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.223s (-64.0% 🟢)	4.394s (-0.7%)	1.135s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.887s (+59.4% 🔺)	4.245s (+27.6% 🔺)	0.209s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.928s (+42.8% 🔺)	1.041s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	5/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​next@​16.1.6
	npm/​react@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4
	npm/​react-dom@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This pull request updates Next.js and React dependencies to their latest versions across three workbench projects.

Changes:

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in all three affected workbenches
• Updates React and React-DOM from various 19.x versions to 19.2.4 consistently
• Updates pnpm-lock.yaml with proper dependency resolution

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
workbench/swc-playground/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-webpack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
pnpm-lock.yaml	Comprehensive lockfile update with all transitive dependencies properly resolved for the new versions

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[VaguelySerious]

Ping me for re-review once e2e tests for nextjs pass

[pranaygp]

I think merging this would break 16.0 type compatibility with workflow. so new workflow versions will require you to use workflow >16.1

without this change, it looked like CI was failing: https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/21695038244/job/62563367028?pr=944

[ijjk]

This is alright, peerDependency is the one that controls what versions users can have installed.

[pranaygp]

Summary

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in nextjs-turbopack, nextjs-webpack, and swc-playground workbenches
• Bumps React and React-DOM to 19.2.4 in the same workbenches

Test plan

• CI passes
• Workbenches build successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3194f6e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.978s	10	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (+3.2%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.184s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.831s	10	5.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.367s (+151.4% 🔺)	1.015s (-0.7%)	0.648s	10	11.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.372s (+2.3%)	1.019s (~)	0.647s	10	11.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.625s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.616s (+2.6%)	0.992s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.699s (+2.0%)	1.687s (-2.6%)	0.988s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.895s (+35.2% 🔺)	1.896s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.080s (-3.2%)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.093s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.118s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.888s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.167s (+0.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.850s	10	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.325s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.691s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.372s (-4.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.643s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.838s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.713s (-2.5%)	0.875s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.891s (+1.6%)	3.871s (-0.6%)	0.980s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.909s (+0.6%)	3.893s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.984s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.588s (-2.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.427s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.720s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.300s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.846s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.172s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.245s (-0.8%)	21.048s (~)	0.802s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s (-0.9%)	21.049s (~)	0.741s	2	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.419s (+33.5% 🔺)	21.036s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.618s	2	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.143s (-4.1%)	23.041s (-3.1%)	0.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.803s (+1.4%)	23.642s (+2.6%)	0.839s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.020s (+6.7% 🔺)	24.916s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.897s	2	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	26.870s (-2.1%)	27.030s (-3.6%)	0.160s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.140s (~)	28.035s (~)	0.895s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.506s (~)	28.033s (~)	0.526s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.128s (~)	51.088s (~)	0.960s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.319s (+33.6% 🔺)	51.086s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.767s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	50.493s (~)	51.067s (~)	0.573s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	55.278s (-3.2%)	56.374s (-2.3%)	1.096s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	58.119s (+1.4%)	58.954s (+2.0%)	0.835s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	60.640s (+7.4% 🔺)	61.004s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.364s	1	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	55.859s (-2.1%)	56.030s (-2.6%)	0.171s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.580s (~)	57.043s (~)	0.463s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.251s (~)	58.054s (~)	0.803s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.378s (-20.5% 🟢)	77.626s (-20.9% 🟢)	0.248s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.123s (+32.7% 🔺)	101.111s (+32.8% 🔺)	0.988s	1	1.79x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.500s (~)	101.150s (~)	0.650s	1	1.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	125.136s (+3.7%)	125.970s (+3.4%)	0.834s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	129.015s (+4.8%)	129.736s (+4.3%)	0.721s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	133.578s (+6.9% 🔺)	134.633s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.055s	1	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.631s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (-0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.618s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.413s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.289s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.727s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.311s (-2.1%)	3.013s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.702s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.442s (+4.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.575s	10	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.000s (-16.9% 🟢)	3.795s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.795s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.027s (+2.1%)	3.894s (-0.7%)	0.867s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+2.8%)	3.975s (~)	0.780s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.333s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (+0.8%)	3.054s (+1.0%)	0.597s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.547s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.470s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.831s (~)	9.299s (~)	0.469s	4	3.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.053s (-21.7% 🟢)	9.588s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.535s	4	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.343s (-15.2% 🟢)	11.072s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.728s	3	4.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.193s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.881s (-30.4% 🟢)	0.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.442s (+4.4%)	4.203s (+4.7%)	0.761s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.594s (-13.7% 🟢)	4.151s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.557s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	6.654s (-5.6% 🟢)	7.654s (+0.5%)	0.999s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.144s (-5.9% 🟢)	7.580s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.436s	5	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.239s (+9.7% 🔺)	7.978s (+2.0%)	0.739s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	49.066s (+1.8%)	49.314s (~)	0.248s	1	7.37x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.248s (-0.6%)	53.147s (~)	0.899s	1	7.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.772s (-4.0%)	54.225s (-3.4%)	0.453s	1	8.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.554s (-38.4% 🟢)	4.314s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.760s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s (-26.7% 🟢)	4.771s (-26.1% 🟢)	0.636s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.383s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.243s (-20.6% 🟢)	0.860s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.403s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-2.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.586s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.457s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.549s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.040s (-2.3%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.478s	12	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.188s (+0.8%)	2.741s (-3.1%)	0.553s	11	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+4.4%)	2.843s (+3.3%)	0.480s	11	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.892s (-9.1% 🟢)	3.810s (-3.0%)	0.918s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.908s (-1.4%)	3.796s (-2.9%)	0.888s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.985s (~)	3.977s (+4.6%)	0.992s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.546s (-3.6%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.482s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.592s (-4.7%)	3.035s (~)	0.443s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.699s (-4.1%)	3.020s (~)	0.320s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.713s (-14.4% 🟢)	11.034s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.322s	3	4.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.727s (-3.3%)	12.083s (-4.8%)	0.356s	3	4.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.250s (-3.2%)	13.702s (-2.3%)	0.452s	3	5.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.002s (-4.5%)	3.750s (-4.0%)	0.747s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.222s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.974s (+2.9%)	0.753s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.274s (~)	4.040s (+2.8%)	0.766s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.205s (-3.8%)	8.104s (-4.5%)	0.899s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.787s (+10.0% 🔺)	8.681s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.895s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.290s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.295s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.005s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.405s (-5.8% 🟢)	51.141s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.736s	1	7.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.740s (-4.5%)	52.161s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.421s	1	7.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.567s (~)	56.220s (~)	0.653s	1	7.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.301s (-64.1% 🟢)	4.123s (-58.8% 🟢)	0.822s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.604s (-31.9% 🟢)	4.361s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.757s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.353s (-43.9% 🟢)	5.083s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.730s	7	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.121s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.6%)	0.013s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.019s (~)	0.898s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.142s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.018s (+4.6%)	1.028s (~)	0.887s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.834s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.875s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.805s	10	10.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.193s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.850s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.823s	10	18.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.369s (+114.6% 🔺)	2.679s (+38.6% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.648s	10	19.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.043s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.238s (+2.4%)	0.162s (-45.0% 🟢)	3.928s (-2.1%)	0.885s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.258s (+2.7%)	3.606s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.223s (-64.0% 🟢)	4.394s (-0.7%)	1.135s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.887s (+59.4% 🔺)	4.245s (+27.6% 🔺)	0.209s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.928s (+42.8% 🔺)	1.041s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	5/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

---

📋 View full workflow run

[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​next@​16.1.6
	npm/​react@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4
	npm/​react-dom@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4

View full report

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This pull request updates Next.js and React dependencies to their latest versions across three workbench projects.

Changes:

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in all three affected workbenches
• Updates React and React-DOM from various 19.x versions to 19.2.4 consistently
• Updates pnpm-lock.yaml with proper dependency resolution

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
workbench/swc-playground/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-webpack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
pnpm-lock.yaml	Comprehensive lockfile update with all transitive dependencies properly resolved for the new versions

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[VaguelySerious]

Ping me for re-review once e2e tests for nextjs pass

[pranaygp]

I think merging this would break 16.0 type compatibility with workflow. so new workflow versions will require you to use workflow >16.1

without this change, it looked like CI was failing: https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/21695038244/job/62563367028?pr=944

[ijjk]

This is alright, peerDependency is the one that controls what versions users can have installed.

[pranaygp]

Summary

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in nextjs-turbopack, nextjs-webpack, and swc-playground workbenches
• Bumps React and React-DOM to 19.2.4 in the same workbenches

Test plan

• CI passes
• Workbenches build successfully

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[vercel]

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 5, 2026 1:55am

[changeset-bot]

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 3194f6e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages

Name	Type
@workflow/next	Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck	Patch
workflow	Patch
@workflow/world-testing	Patch
@workflow/core	Patch
@workflow/builders	Patch
@workflow/cli	Patch
@workflow/nitro	Patch
@workflow/web-shared	Patch
@workflow/astro	Patch
@workflow/nest	Patch
@workflow/rollup	Patch
@workflow/sveltekit	Patch
@workflow/vite	Patch
@workflow/nuxt	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

[github-actions]

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	479	0	38	517
✅ 💻 Local Development	438	0	32	470
✅ 📦 Local Production	438	0	32	470
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	438	0	32	470
✅ 🪟 Windows	47	0	0	47
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	31	169	0	200
✅ 📋 Other	129	0	12	141
Total	2000	169	146	2315

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (169 failed)

mongodb (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

redis (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

starter (43 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

turso (42 failed):

• addTenWorkflow
• addTenWorkflow
• should work with react rendering in step
• promiseAllWorkflow
• promiseRaceWorkflow
• promiseAnyWorkflow
• readableStreamWorkflow
• hookWorkflow
• webhookWorkflow
• sleepingWorkflow
• nullByteWorkflow
• workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
• outputStreamWorkflow
• outputStreamInsideStepWorkflow - getWritable() called inside step functions
• fetchWorkflow
• promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
• error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
• error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
• error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
• error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
• error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
• error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
• error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
• hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
• concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
• stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
• stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
• closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
• spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
• pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
• Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
• AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
• ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
• thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
• customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
• instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
• crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
• pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
• pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
• pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	43	0	4
✅ example	43	0	4
✅ express	43	0	4
✅ fastify	43	0	4
✅ hono	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	46	0	1
✅ nextjs-webpack	46	0	1
✅ nitro	43	0	4
✅ nuxt	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit	43	0	4
✅ vite	43	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	43	0	4
✅ express-stable	43	0	4
✅ fastify-stable	43	0	4
✅ hono-stable	43	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	47	0	0
✅ nitro-stable	43	0	4
✅ nuxt-stable	43	0	4
✅ sveltekit-stable	43	0	4
✅ vite-stable	43	0	4

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	47	0	0

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	5	42	0
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
❌ redis	5	42	0
✅ starter-dev	3	0	0
❌ starter	4	43	0
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	5	42	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	43	0	4
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	43	0	4

---

📋 View full workflow run

[github-actions]

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.033s (-23.3% 🟢)	1.009s (~)	0.976s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.038s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.978s	10	1.15x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.045s (+3.2%)	1.008s (~)	0.963s	10	1.35x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.184s (-26.0% 🟢)	1.015s (~)	0.831s	10	5.58x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.367s (+151.4% 🔺)	1.015s (-0.7%)	0.648s	10	11.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.372s (+2.3%)	1.019s (~)	0.647s	10	11.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.625s (-9.1% 🟢)	1.616s (+2.6%)	0.992s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.699s (+2.0%)	1.687s (-2.6%)	0.988s	10	1.12x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.895s (+35.2% 🔺)	1.896s (-5.4% 🟢)	1.001s	10	1.43x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.080s (-3.2%)	2.008s (~)	0.928s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.093s (~)	2.012s (~)	0.920s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.118s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.888s	10	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.167s (+0.9%)	3.017s (~)	0.850s	10	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.325s (+22.9% 🔺)	3.015s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.691s	10	2.15x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.372s (-4.8%)	3.015s (~)	0.643s	10	2.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.838s (-6.0% 🟢)	3.713s (-2.5%)	0.875s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.891s (+1.6%)	3.871s (-0.6%)	0.980s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.909s (+0.6%)	3.893s (+7.0% 🔺)	0.984s	10	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	10.588s (-2.2%)	11.015s (~)	0.427s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.720s (~)	11.020s (~)	0.300s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	10.846s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.172s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.245s (-0.8%)	21.048s (~)	0.802s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.308s (-0.9%)	21.049s (~)	0.741s	2	1.92x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.419s (+33.5% 🔺)	21.036s (+31.2% 🔺)	0.618s	2	1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	22.143s (-4.1%)	23.041s (-3.1%)	0.897s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	22.803s (+1.4%)	23.642s (+2.6%)	0.839s	2	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	24.020s (+6.7% 🔺)	24.916s (+6.5% 🔺)	0.897s	2	1.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	26.870s (-2.1%)	27.030s (-3.6%)	0.160s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	27.140s (~)	28.035s (~)	0.895s	3	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	27.506s (~)	28.033s (~)	0.526s	3	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.128s (~)	51.088s (~)	0.960s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.319s (+33.6% 🔺)	51.086s (+34.2% 🔺)	0.767s	2	1.87x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	50.493s (~)	51.067s (~)	0.573s	2	1.88x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	55.278s (-3.2%)	56.374s (-2.3%)	1.096s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	58.119s (+1.4%)	58.954s (+2.0%)	0.835s	2	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	60.640s (+7.4% 🔺)	61.004s (+5.9% 🔺)	0.364s	1	1.10x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	55.859s (-2.1%)	56.030s (-2.6%)	0.171s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	56.580s (~)	57.043s (~)	0.463s	2	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	57.251s (~)	58.054s (~)	0.803s	2	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	77.378s (-20.5% 🟢)	77.626s (-20.9% 🟢)	0.248s	2	1.39x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.123s (+32.7% 🔺)	101.111s (+32.8% 🔺)	0.988s	1	1.79x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	100.500s (~)	101.150s (~)	0.650s	1	1.80x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	125.136s (+3.7%)	125.970s (+3.4%)	0.834s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	129.015s (+4.8%)	129.736s (+4.3%)	0.721s	1	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	133.578s (+6.9% 🔺)	134.633s (+6.8% 🔺)	1.055s	1	1.07x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.631s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.389s (-0.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.618s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.413s (-0.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.593s	15	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.289s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.727s	10	1.66x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.311s (-2.1%)	3.013s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.702s	10	1.67x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.442s (+4.5%)	3.016s (~)	0.575s	10	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.000s (-16.9% 🟢)	3.795s (-12.2% 🟢)	0.795s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.027s (+2.1%)	3.894s (-0.7%)	0.867s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.195s (+2.8%)	3.975s (~)	0.780s	8	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.333s (-6.8% 🟢)	3.307s (+9.9% 🔺)	0.974s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.457s (+0.8%)	3.054s (+1.0%)	0.597s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.547s (-2.0%)	3.016s (~)	0.470s	10	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.831s (~)	9.299s (~)	0.469s	4	3.78x
🐘 Postgres	Express	9.053s (-21.7% 🟢)	9.588s (-18.0% 🟢)	0.535s	4	3.88x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.343s (-15.2% 🟢)	11.072s (-12.8% 🟢)	0.728s	3	4.43x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.193s (-33.7% 🟢)	3.881s (-30.4% 🟢)	0.689s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.442s (+4.4%)	4.203s (+4.7%)	0.761s	8	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.594s (-13.7% 🟢)	4.151s (-24.6% 🟢)	0.557s	8	1.13x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	6.654s (-5.6% 🟢)	7.654s (+0.5%)	0.999s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	7.144s (-5.9% 🟢)	7.580s (-11.7% 🟢)	0.436s	5	1.07x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.239s (+9.7% 🔺)	7.978s (+2.0%)	0.739s	4	1.09x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	49.066s (+1.8%)	49.314s (~)	0.248s	1	7.37x
🐘 Postgres	Express	52.248s (-0.6%)	53.147s (~)	0.899s	1	7.85x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	53.772s (-4.0%)	54.225s (-3.4%)	0.453s	1	8.08x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.554s (-38.4% 🟢)	4.314s (-34.6% 🟢)	0.760s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.135s (-26.7% 🟢)	4.771s (-26.1% 🟢)	0.636s	7	1.16x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.383s (-18.8% 🟢)	5.243s (-20.6% 🟢)	0.860s	6	1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	1.403s (-2.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.604s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.425s (-2.6%)	2.011s (~)	0.586s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.457s (+0.6%)	2.006s (~)	0.549s	15	1.04x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.040s (-2.3%)	2.518s (-3.1%)	0.478s	12	1.45x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.188s (+0.8%)	2.741s (-3.1%)	0.553s	11	1.56x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.363s (+4.4%)	2.843s (+3.3%)	0.480s	11	1.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.892s (-9.1% 🟢)	3.810s (-3.0%)	0.918s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.908s (-1.4%)	3.796s (-2.9%)	0.888s	8	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.985s (~)	3.977s (+4.6%)	0.992s	8	1.03x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	2.546s (-3.6%)	3.027s (+0.6%)	0.482s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.592s (-4.7%)	3.035s (~)	0.443s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.699s (-4.1%)	3.020s (~)	0.320s	10	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.713s (-14.4% 🟢)	11.034s (-15.3% 🟢)	0.322s	3	4.21x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11.727s (-3.3%)	12.083s (-4.8%)	0.356s	3	4.61x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.250s (-3.2%)	13.702s (-2.3%)	0.452s	3	5.20x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.002s (-4.5%)	3.750s (-4.0%)	0.747s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.222s (+6.0% 🔺)	3.974s (+2.9%)	0.753s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.274s (~)	4.040s (+2.8%)	0.766s	8	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	7.205s (-3.8%)	8.104s (-4.5%)	0.899s	4	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	7.787s (+10.0% 🔺)	8.681s (+11.8% 🔺)	0.895s	4	1.08x
💻 Local	Nitro	8.290s (+6.0% 🔺)	9.295s (+5.9% 🔺)	1.005s	4	1.15x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.405s (-5.8% 🟢)	51.141s (-5.5% 🟢)	0.736s	1	7.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	51.740s (-4.5%)	52.161s (-5.4% 🟢)	0.421s	1	7.18x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	55.567s (~)	56.220s (~)	0.653s	1	7.71x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.301s (-64.1% 🟢)	4.123s (-58.8% 🟢)	0.822s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.604s (-31.9% 🟢)	4.361s (-26.6% 🟢)	0.757s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.353s (-43.9% 🟢)	5.083s (-38.7% 🟢)	0.730s	7	1.32x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks(includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Express	0.121s (-33.1% 🟢)	0.999s (+0.6%)	0.013s (-8.8% 🟢)	1.019s (~)	0.898s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.142s (-6.0% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.018s (+4.6%)	1.028s (~)	0.887s	10	1.17x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.189s (+2.7%)	0.992s (~)	0.015s (+7.1% 🔺)	1.023s (~)	0.834s	10	1.55x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.214s (-14.5% 🟢)	1.875s (+12.0% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	2.019s (~)	0.805s	10	10.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.193s (-7.6% 🟢)	2.850s (+6.8% 🔺)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	3.016s (~)	0.823s	10	18.08x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.369s (+114.6% 🔺)	2.679s (+38.6% 🔺)	0.000s (NaN%)	3.017s (+49.7% 🔺)	0.648s	10	19.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.043s (-5.7% 🟢)	3.238s (+2.4%)	0.162s (-45.0% 🟢)	3.928s (-2.1%)	0.885s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.258s (+2.7%)	3.606s (+10.5% 🔺)	0.223s (-64.0% 🟢)	4.394s (-0.7%)	1.135s	10	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.887s (+59.4% 🔺)	4.245s (+27.6% 🔺)	0.209s (-11.1% 🟢)	5.928s (+42.8% 🔺)	1.041s	10	1.61x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Express	11/12
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	5/12
▲ Vercel	Express	7/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	10/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	💻 Local	10/12
Nitro	💻 Local	10/12

Column Definitions

• Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
• TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
• Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
• Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
• Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
• Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
• vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

• 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
• 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
• ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
• 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
• 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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[socket-security]

Review the following changes in direct dependencies. Learn more about Socket for GitHub.

Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	npm/​next@​16.1.6
	npm/​react@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4
	npm/​react-dom@​19.2.1 ⏵ 19.2.4

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[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This pull request updates Next.js and React dependencies to their latest versions across three workbench projects.

Changes:

• Bumps Next.js from 16.0.10 to 16.1.6 in all three affected workbenches
• Updates React and React-DOM from various 19.x versions to 19.2.4 consistently
• Updates pnpm-lock.yaml with proper dependency resolution

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 3 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
workbench/swc-playground/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-webpack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
workbench/nextjs-turbopack/package.json	Updates Next.js to 16.1.6 and React/React-DOM to 19.2.4
pnpm-lock.yaml	Comprehensive lockfile update with all transitive dependencies properly resolved for the new versions

---

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[VaguelySerious]

Ping me for re-review once e2e tests for nextjs pass

[pranaygp]

I think merging this would break 16.0 type compatibility with workflow. so new workflow versions will require you to use workflow >16.1

without this change, it looked like CI was failing: https://github.com/vercel/workflow/actions/runs/21695038244/job/62563367028?pr=944

[ijjk]

This is alright, peerDependency is the one that controls what versions users can have installed.